CASA/IPTN CN-235
| CN-235 | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| A CASA CN-235M-100 of the Spanish Air Force | |
| Role | Transport aircraft |
| Manufacturer | CASA/IPTN |
| First flight | 11 November 1983 |
| Introduction | 1 March 1988 |
| Status | Active service |
| Primary users | Spanish Air Force Turkish Air Force Indonesian Air Force Republic of Korea Air Force Irish Air Corps |
| Produced | 1983-present[citation needed] |
| Variants | EADS CASA HC-144 Ocean Sentry |
| Developed into | EADS CASA C-295 |
The CASA/IPTN CN-235 is a medium-range twin-engined transport plane that was jointly developed by CASA of Spain and IPTN of Indonesia as a regional airliner and military transport. Its primary military roles include maritime patrol, surveillance, and air transport. Its largest user is Turkey which has 61 aircraft.
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[edit] Design and development
The project was a joint venture between Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA (CASA) and Indonesian manufacturer IPTN, which formed the Airtec company to manage the programme. The partnership applied only to the Series 10 and Series 100/110, with later versions being developed independently. Over 230 of all versions of CN-235 are in service and have accumulated more than 500,000 flight hours.
Design began in January 1980 with first flight on 11 November 1983. Spanish and Indonesian certification was on 20 June 1986; the first flight of the production aircraft was on 19 August 1986 and FAA type approval was granted on 3 December 1986. The aircraft entered service on 1 March 1988
In 1995, CASA launched development of a stretched CN-235 as the C-295. In December 2002, the Colombian Navy ordered two CN-235 for patrol and anti-drug trafficking missions.
In April 2005, Venezuela ordered two CN-235 maritime surveillance aircraft plus 10 transport planes but the operation was halted due the United States refuse to allow US technology to be transferred.[1]
In January 2006, Thailand placed an order with Dirgantara for ten aircraft, six for the Ministry of Defence and four for the Ministry of Agriculture.
In December 2007, Spain ordered two CN-235 maritime patrol aircraft for the Guardia Civil, for delivery 2008–2009.
One CN-235 MPA aircraft was delivered by Dirgantara to the Indonesian defence ministry in June 2008.
In August 2006, three CASA CN-235-10 aircraft remain in airline service, in Africa, with Safair (two) and Tiko Air (one).[2] Asian Spirit operates a lone CN-235-220 in the Philippines, correct as of June/July 2007.
The Irish Air Corps operates two CASA aircraft for maritime patrol duty.
There are at least two CN-235s flying with the United States Air Force for an undisclosed role with the 427th Special Operations Squadron, located at the former Pope AFB, North Carolina.[3][verification needed]
In early July 2008, the Mexican Navy announced that it will purchase six CASA CN-235s from Spain.[4] In April 2010, Hervé Morin, French Minister of Defence, announced the order of eight CN-235-300s from Spain.[5]
In 2011, PT Dirgantara Indonesia is still working on 4 CN-235-110 MPAs for South Korea Coast Guard with amount of $96 million.[6]
[edit] Variants
- CN-235-10
- Initial production version (15 built by each company), with GE CT7-7A engines.
- CN-235-100/110
- Generally as series 10, but with GE CT7-9C engines in new composites nacelles; replaced Series 10 in 1988 from 31st production aircraft. Series 100 is Spanish-built, series 110 Indonesian-built, with improved electrical, warning and environmental systems.
- CN-235-200/220
- Improved version. Structural reinforcements to cater for higher operating weights, aerodynamic improvements to wing leading-edges and rudder, reduced field length requirements and much-increased range with maximum payload. Series 200 is Spanish-built, Series 220 Indonesian-built.
- CN-235-300
- CASA Modification of 200/220 series, with the Honeywell International Corp. avionics suite. Other features include improved pressurisation and provision for optional twin-nosewheel installation.
- CN-235-330 Phoenix
- Modification of Series 200/220, offered by IPTN with new Honeywell avionics, ARL-2002 EW system and 16.800 kg/37.037 lb MTOW, to Royal Australian Air Force to meet Project Air 5190 tactical airlift requirement, but was forced by financial constraints to withdraw in 1998.
- CN-235 MPA
- Maritime patrol version with 6 hardpoints to carry AM-39 Exocet-Missiles or Mk.46-Torpedos.[7]
- HC-144 Ocean Sentry
- United States Coast Guard designation for a planned twenty-two[8] aircraft fleet bought to replace the small HU-25 Guardian business-style jets. As of 2010[update], twelve [9] had been delivered.
[edit] Operators
[edit] Military operators
- Azerbaijani Air Forces (30, ordered in April 2010[citation needed]
- Botswana Defence Force (2, later replaced by 2 new)
- Bophuthatswana Air Force (1, now incorporated into South African Air Force)
- Chilean Army (4 CN-235-100) One lost in Antarctica
- French Air Force 19 CN235-100, 18 updated in CN235-200 configuration, 1 lost. 8 CN235-300 (ordered April 2010)
- Indonesian Air Force (Operating CN235-100M, CN235-220M, CN235MPA)
.JPG)
- Irish Air Corps (2 x CN235MP)
- Royal Jordanian Air Force (2 on lease for several years from Turkish AF, to be modified by ATK into Gunships)
- Royal Malaysian Air Force (8 x CN235-220)
- Mexican Navy (The Mexican congress approved the budget to purchase 6 CN235-300MPA. The first two were delivered in September 2010.[10][11])
- Mexican Federal Police (2x CN235)[12]
- Nigerian Air Force (20 CN-235s ordered; not yet in service)
- Pakistan Air Force (4× CN235-220) [13]
- Panamanian Air Force (Until 1994)
- Papua New Guinea Defence Force (2 CN-235M)
- Republic of Korea Air Force (20; 12 built by CASA in Spain, 8 by IPTN in Indonesia)
- Korea Coast Guard (4; 2 delivered in May 2011, 2 on order)
- Spanish Air Force (20)
- Spanish Civil Guard (2x Surveillance)
- Turkish Air Force (50 x CN235-100M)
- Turkish Navy (9 x CN-235 ASW/ASuW MPA with AMASCOS (Airborne Maritime Situation & Control System) of Thales)
- Turkish Coast Guard (3 x CN-235 MPA with AMASCOS (Airborne Maritime Situation & Control System) of Thales)
- UAE Navy (4)
- United States Air Force 427th Special Operations Squadron
- United States Coast Guard - see EADS CASA HC-144 Ocean Sentry
[edit] Government and paramilitary operators
Presidential Airways - Operates a former Binter Canarias. Presidential Airways is a sister company of Xe (formerly Blackwater), whose sole owner is Erik Prince.
- Royal Oman Police (2 x CN-235-M100)
- Guardia Civil (2 X CN-235 MPA)
- Sociedad de Salvamento y Seguridad Marítima (3 X CN-235 MPA)
- Royal Thai Police (1 x CN235-300)
[edit] Civil Operators
- Inter Austral airlines, a subsidiary of Austral Líneas Aéreas, was later integrated into Aerolíneas Argentinas, one ex-Binter.
- Merpati Nusantara Airlines once operated 15
- Pelita Air Service had two.
- Tiko Air had one (C012)
- Air Namibia operated one from 2001–2006
- Binter Canarias and Binter Mediterraneo, both then subsidiaries of Iberia, operated four and five respectively from 1989 to 1997
- Safair Aviation Streamline group, which operates from Pretoria , South Africa , has two CN-235s
- Flight International and Flight Turbo AC with one each
- L-3 Communication Systems acquired two aircraft.
- Presidential Airways, One
- Air Venezuela had 2 (1999–2001)
[edit] Notable accidents
- On 16 May 2001, a Turkish Air Force CN-235 crashed after the pilot lost control, killing all 34 people on board.
- On 29 August 2001, Binter Mediterráneo Flight 8261 (Registration EC-FBC) crash-landed next to N-340, some 200 meters short of the runway 32 at Ruiz Picasso International Airport at Málaga, Spain. The pilot reported to Málaga Air Traffic Control, while on final approach, the aircraft's left engine had failed, and that he would have to perform an emergency landing. The plane descended hitting the first edge lights and stopping right next to the N-340. Subsequent investigation into the accident revealed that, shortly after the initial engine failure, the First Officer inadvertently shut down both of the aircraft's engines, leading to a total loss of power. Four out of the 44 people onboard were killed including the pilot Capt. Fdez. Ruano.[14] The aircraft was scrapped.[15]
[edit] Specifications (CN-235-100)
Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1993–94[16]
General characteristics
- Crew: two, pilot and co-pilot
- Capacity: 44 passengers
- Payload: 5,950 kg[17] (13,120 lb)
- Length: 21.40 m (70 ft 2½ in)
- Wingspan: 25.81 m (84 ft 8 in)
- Height: 8.18 m (26 ft 10 in)
- Wing area: 59.10 m² (636.1 sq st)
- Airfoil: NACA 653-218
- Aspect ratio: 11.27:1
- Empty weight: 9,800 kg (21,605 lb)
- Useful load: 48.54 m3 (1715.17 ft3)
- Max. takeoff weight: 16,500 kg (36,380 lb)
- Powerplant: 2 × General Electric CT7-9C3 turboprops, 1,750 shp () each
Performance
- Cruise speed: 454 km/h (245 knots,)
- Range: 5,055 km (2730 nm)
- Service ceiling: 7,620 m (25,000 ft)
- Rate of climb: 7.8 m/s (1,780 ft/min)
[edit] See also
- Related development
[edit] References
- ^ the U.S. ambassador to Spain, Eduardo Aguirre, said that Washington could refuse to allow U.S. technology to be transferred to Venezuela, adding that "in the long run we hope the sale won't go ahead."
- ^ Flight International, 3–9 October 2006
- ^ USAF Serial Number Search CN-235
- ^ http://blog.elgrancapitan.org/?p=586
- ^ "Francia compra a EADS ocho aviones CN-135-300 por 250 millones de euros". Libertad Digital. 2010-04-04. http://www.libertaddigital.com/nacional/francia-compra-a-eads-ocho-aviones-cn-135-300-1276389237/. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
- ^ "RI seeks to exchange planes with South Korea". The Jakarta Post. 2011-05-20. http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/05/20/ri-seeks-exchange-planes-with-south-korea.html-0. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
- ^ http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/cn235mp/
- ^ "USCG: Acquisition Programs & Projects". US Coast Guard. http://www.uscg.mil/acquisition/gallery/lrsgallery.asp. Retrieved January 26, 2012.
- ^ "USCG: HC-144A "Ocean Sentry" Maritime Patrol Aircraft". US Coast Guard Acquisitions Directorate. 2010-12-20. http://www.uscg.mil/acquisition/MRS/default.asp. Retrieved January 26, 2012.
- ^ "Defence Security Report". Janes.com. 2008-12-03. http://www.janes.com/news/defence/jni/jni081203_1_n.shtml. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
- ^ http://www.semar.gob.mx/transparencia/informes_labores/2_inf_labores.pdf
- ^ Mexican Police Aviation
- ^ John Pike. "Pakistan Air Force Equipment". Globalsecurity.org. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/air-force-equipment.htm. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
- ^ "Aircraft accidents photos - Binter Mediterraneo - Malaga, Spain - CASA 235-200". 1001 Crash. 2001-08-29. http://www.1001crash.com/index-page-description-accident-BM_CASA235-lg-2-crash-121.html. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
- ^ Binter Méditerraneo Crashes at Málaga Airport
- ^ Lambert 1993, pp. 127–128.
- ^ Specifications - Performance - CN235
- Lambert, Mark. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1993–94. Coulsden, UK:Jane's Data Division, 1993. ISBN 0-7106-1066-1.
[edit] External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: CASA CN 235 |
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