Energy conservation
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Energy conservation is the practice of decreasing the quantity of energy used. It may be achieved through efficient energy use, in which case energy use is decreased while achieving a similar outcome, or by reduced consumption of energy services. Energy conservation may result in increase of financial capital, environmental value, national security, personal security, and human comfort. Individuals and organizations that are direct consumers of energy may want to conserve energy in order to reduce energy costs and promote economic security. Industrial and commercial users may want to increase efficiency and thus maximize profit.
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[edit] Introduction
Electrical energy conservation is an important element of energy policy. Energy conservation reduces the energy consumption and energy demand per capita and thus offsets some of the growth in energy supply needed to keep up with population growth. This reduces the rise in energy costs, and can reduce the need for new power plants, and energy imports. The reduced energy demand can provide more flexibility in choosing the most preferred methods of energy production.
By reducing emissions, energy conservation is an important part of lessening climate change. Energy conservation facilitates the replacement of non-renewable resources with renewable energy. Energy conservation is often the most economical solution to energy shortages, and is a more environmentally benign alternative to increased energy production.
[edit] Energy conservation by country
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The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (August 2008) |
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Please help improve this article by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page. (July 2009) |
[edit] India
Bureau of Energy Efficiency is an Indian governmental apex organization created in 2002 responsible for promoting energy efficiency and conservation.
[edit] Japan
Since the 1973 energy crisis, energy conservation has been a serious issue in Japan[citation needed]. While the Energy Conservation Center promotes energy efficiency in every aspect, private entities are implementing the efficient use of energy to industries.
[edit] New Zealand
In New Zealand the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority is responsible for promoting energy efficiency and conservation.
[edit] United Kingdom
Energy conservation in the United Kingdom has been receiving increased attention over recent years. Key factors behind this are the Government's commitment to reducing carbon emissions, the projected 'energy gap' in UK electricity generation, and the increasing reliance on imports to meet national energy needs. Domestic housing and road transport are currently the two biggest problem areas.
The UK Government has jointly funded the Energy Saving Trust to promote energy conservation at a consumer, business and community level since 1993.
[edit] United States
The United States is currently the largest single consumer of energy. The U.S. Department of Energy categorizes national energy use in four broad sectors: transportation, residential, commercial, and industrial.[1]
Energy usage in transportation and residential sectors (about half of U.S. energy consumption) is largely controlled by individual domestic consumers. Commercial and industrial energy expenditures are determined by businesses entities and other facility managers. National energy policy has a significant effect on energy usage across all four sectors.
[edit] Issues with energy conservation
Critics and advocates of some forms of energy conservation make the following arguments:
- Standard economic theory suggests that technological improvements that increase energy efficiency will tend to increase, rather than reduce energy use. This is called the Jevons Paradox and it is said to occur in two ways. Firstly, increased energy efficiency makes the use of energy relatively cheaper, thus encouraging increased use. Secondly, increased energy efficiency leads to increased economic growth, which pulls up energy use in the whole economy. This does not imply that increased fuel efficiency is worthless, increased fuel efficiency enables greater production and a higher quality of life. However, in order to reduce energy consumption, efficiency gains must be paired with a government intervention that reduces demand (a green tax, cap and trade).[2]
- Some retailers argue that bright lighting stimulates purchasing. Health studies have demonstrated that headache, stress, blood pressure, fatigue and worker error all generally increase with the common over-illumination present in many workplace and retail settings [3][4]. It has been shown that natural daylighting increases productivity levels of workers, while reducing energy consumption.[5]
- The use of telecommuting by major corporations is a significant opportunity to conserve energy, as many Americans now work in service jobs that enable them to work from home instead of commuting to work each day.[6]
- Electric motors consume more than 60% of all electrical energy generated and are responsible for the loss of 10 to 20% of all electricity converted into mechanical energy.[7]
- Consumers are often poorly informed of the savings of energy efficient products. The research one must put into conserving energy often is too time consuming and costly when there are cheaper products and technology available using today's fossil fuels.[8]
- Technology needs to be able to change behavioural patterns, it can do this by allowing energy users, business and residential, to see graphically the impact their energy use can have in their workplace or homes. Advance real-time energy metering is able to help "people" save energy by their actions. Rather than become wasteful automatic energy saving technologies, real-time energy monitors and meters such as the Energy Detective, Enigin Plc's Eniscope or solutions like EDSA'a Paladin Live are examples of such solutions [9]
[edit] See also
- Annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE)
- Brushless wound-rotor doubly-fed electric machine
- Efficient energy use
- Energy audit
- Energy crisis
- Energy recovery
- Energy-efficient landscaping
- Energy Saving Modules
- Energy Saving Trust
- Energy-Service Company
- Fuel economy
- Fuel efficiency
- Green computing
- Green Ethernet
- Heat Pump
- High temperature insulation wool
- Lighting
- Low Carbon Communities
- Low-energy vehicle
- Category:Low-energy building
- Marine fuel management
- Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards
- MIT Design Advisor
- Oil price increases since 2003
- One Watt Initiative
- Over-consumption
- Passive solar building design
- Plug-in hybrid
- Solar hot water
- Renewable heat
- Thermal efficiency
- Timeline of environmental events
- World energy resources and consumption
[edit] References
- ^ US Dept. of Energy, "Annual Energy Report" (July 2006), Energy Flow diagram
- ^ Wackernagel, Mathis and William Rees, 1997, "Perpetual and structural barriers to investing in natural capital: economics from an ecological footprint perspective." Ecological Economics, Vol.20 No.3 p3-24.
- ^ Scott Davis, Dana K. Mirick, Richard G. Stevens (2001). "Night Shift Work, Light at Night, and Risk of Breast Cancer". Journal of the National Cancer Institute 93 (20): 1557–1562. doi:. PMID 11604479. http://jncicancerspectrum.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/full/jnci;93/20/1557?ijkey=e1472aefe9398c2c26bf8515391f5940acc05495.
- ^ Bain, A (1997). "The Hindenburg Disaster: A Compelling Theory of Probable Cause and Effect". Procs. NatL Hydr. Assn. 8th Ann. Hydrogen Meeting, Alexandria, Va., March 11-13,: 125–128.
- ^ Lumina Technologies Inc., Santa Rosa, Ca., Survey of 156 California commercial buildings energy use, August, 1996
- ^ Best Buy Optimas Award Winner for 2007
- ^ European Commission of the Institute for Environment and Sustainability, "Electricity Consumption and Efficiency Trends in the Enlarged European Union [1]", 2006
- ^ The Difficulties of Energy Efficiency. "The Elusive Negawatt [2]", 2008
- ^ July 2009 European Commission's Directorate-General for Energy and Transport initiative, "Energy Savings from Intelligent Metering and Behavioural Change (INTELLIGENT METERING) http://www.managenergy.net/products/R1951.htm", 2009
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This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations where appropriate. (April 2009) |
- Gary Steffy, Architectural Lighting Design, John Wiley and Sons (2001) ISBN 0-471-38638-3
- Lumina Technologies, Analysis of energy consumption in a San Francisco Bay Area research office complex, for (confidential) owner, Santa Rosa, Ca. May 17, 1996
- GSA paves way for IT-based buildings [3]
- The official homepage for the European Intelligent Metering project. [4]
[edit] External links
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Wikibooks has a book on the topic of |
- Resources for homes
- Conserving energy with plants
- Energy savings tips for your home
- Energy conservation tips for apartments
- Energy saving resources for the home
- Energy saving advice and grants for UK consumers
- Free online energy monitoring tool from Oxford University
- Energy Conservation Resources for Homes in United States
- Resources for businesses
- BOMA energy efficiency program
- Product and technology reviews
- Computer power saving calculator and power saving software for networks
- US Department of Energy workplace resources
- EnergyStar - for commercial buildings and plants
- California high performance buildings program
- How to raise the energy awareness of staff (to encourage conservation)
- Energy saving advice for UK business
- Government and international websites
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