Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups)

Jump to: navigation, search

Hypothesized map of human migration based on mitochondrial DNA.

Another model of human migration based on Mitochondrial DNA

In human genetics, a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by differences in human mitochondrial DNA. Haplogroups are used to represent the major branch points on the mitochondrial phylogenetic tree. Understanding the evolutionary path of the female lineage has helped population geneticists trace the matrilineal inheritance of modern humans back to human origins in Africa and the subsequent spread across the globe.

However Balloux et al. (2009) have shown that mtDNA also correlates with climate and that temperature-based natural selection has helped shape global mtDNA patterns^[1] so that the assumption of pure genetic drift may be incorrect.

The letter names of the haplogroups run from A to Z. As haplogroups were named in the order of their discovery, they do not reflect the actual genetic relationships.

The woman at the root of all these groups is the matrilineal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) for all currently living humans. She is commonly called Mitochondrial Eve.

[edit] Evolutionary relationship

[edit] Lineage Perspective

This phylogenetic tree is based on the Van Oven 2009 tree^[2] and subsequent published research.

L (Mitochondrial Eve)
- L0
- L1-6
  - L1
  - L2-6
    - L5
    - L2'3'4'6
      - L2
      - L3'4'6
        
        L6
        
        L3'4
        
        L4
        
        L3
        
        M
        
        M8
        
        CZ
        
        C
        
        Z
        
        M9
        
        E
        
        M12'G
        
        G
        
        M29'Q
        
        Q
        
        D
        
        N
        
        N1
        
        I
        
        N2
        
        W
        
        N9
        
        Y
        
        A
        
        S
        
        X
        
        R
        
        R0 (FMKA pre-HV)
        
        HV
        
        HV0
        
        HV0a
        
        V
        
        H
        
        pre-JT or R2'JT
        
        JT
        
        J
        
        T
        
        R9
        
        F
        
        R11'B
        
        B
        
        P
        
        U (formerly UK)
        
        U2'3'4'7'8'9
        
        U8
        
        U8b'K
        
        K