Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup

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Hypothesized map of human migration based on mitochondrial DNA.
Another model of human migration based on Mitochondrial DNA

In human genetics, a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by differences in human mitochondrial DNA. Haplogroups are used to represent the major branch points on the mitochondrial phylogenetic tree. Understanding the evolutionary path of the female lineage has helped population geneticists trace the matrilineal inheritance of modern humans back to human origins in Africa and the subsequent spread across the globe.

The letter names of the haplogroups run from A to Z. As haplogroups were named in the order of their discovery, they do not reflect the actual genetic relationships.

The woman at the root of all these groups is the matrilineal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) for all currently living humans. She is commonly called Mitochondrial Eve.


Contents

[edit] Evolutionary relationship

[edit] Lineage Perspective

This phylogenetic tree is based on the Van Oven 2009 tree[1] and subsequent published research.

[edit] Table Perspective

Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups
  most recent common mt-ancestor    
L0 L1 L2 L3   L4 L5 L6 L7
  M N  
CZ D E G Q   A S   R   I W X Y
C Z B F HV   JT P  U
H V J T K Former Clusters IWX

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ van Oven M, Kayser M. 2009. Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. Hum Mutat 30(2):E386-E394. http://www.phylotree.org. doi:10.1002/humu.20921

[edit] External links


Sister project Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Human mtDNA haplogroups
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