List of mergers and acquisitions by IBM

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The following is a partial list of IBM precursors, acquisitions and spinoffs. IBM has undergone a large number of mergers and acquisitions during a corporate history lasting over a century; the company has also produced a number of spinoffs during that time.

The acquisition date listed is the date of the agreement between IBM and the subject of the acquisition. The value of each acquisition is listed in US$ because IBM is based in the United States. If the value of an acquisition is not listed, then it is undisclosed.

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Contents

Precursors 1889 - 1910 [edit]

  • 1889 Bundy Manufacturing Company incorporated.
  • 1891 Computing Scale Company incorporated.
  • 1893 Dey Patents Company (Dey Time Registers) incorporated.
  • 1894 Willard & Frick Manufacturing Company (Rochester, New York) incorporated.
  • 1896
  • 1899 Standard Time Stamp Company acquired by Bundy Manufacturing Company.
  • 1900 Willard & Frick Manufacturing Company (Rochester) acquired by International Time Recording Company.
    • Chicago Time-Register Company acquired by International Time Recording Company.
    • Dayton Moneyweight Scale Company acquired by Computing Scale Company.
    • Detroit Automatic Scale Company acquired by Computing Scale Company.
  • 1907 Dey Time Registers acquired by International Time Recording Company.
  • 1908 Syracuse Time Recording Company acquired by International Time Recording Company.

Computing Tabulating Recording Company, 1911 [edit]

The Computing Tabulating Recording Company (CTR),[1] renamed International Business Machines Corporation in 1924, was incorporated on June 15, 1911. CTR was formed through a merger of three separate corporations:[2]

Acquisitions during 1912-1999 [edit]

1912 - 1929 [edit]

  • 1917
    • American Automatic Scale Company acquired as International Scale Company.
    • C-T-R opens in Canada as International Business Machines Company Limited.
  • 1921
    • Pierce Accounting Machine Company (asset purchase).
    • Ticketograph Company (of Chicago).

1930 - 1949 [edit]

  • 1930 Automatic Accounting Scale Company.
  • 1932 National Counting Scale Company.
  • 1933 Electromatic Typewriters Inc. (See: IBM Electromatic typewriter)
  • 1941 Munitions Manufacturing Corporation.

1950 - 1969 [edit]

1970 - 1989 [edit]

1990 - 1999 [edit]

  • 1994
    • Transarc (Transarc Corporation bought by IBM in 1994, became part of IBM proper in 1999 as the IBM Pittsburgh Lab)[3]
  • 1995
  • 1996
  • 1997
    • Software Artistry for $200 million.
    • Unison Software.
    • Dominion Semiconductor (Manassas, VA) is created by forming a 50/50 joint venture with Toshiba to produce 64MB and 256MB DRAM chips. Administrative offices are located in Building 131 the former IBM Federal Systems campus now primarily owned by Lockheed Martin; the new state-of-the-art fabrication facility was built from on adjacent land.
  • 1998
  • 1999

Acquisitions since 1999 [edit]

Acquisition Date Company Business Country Value (USD) References
02001-06-07Jun 7, 2001 Mainspring Business strategy consulting  USA $700780000000000000080,000,000 [5]
02001-07-02Jul 2, 2001 Informix Corporation Database Software  USA $70091000000000000001,000,000,000 [6]
02002-01-14Jan 14, 2002 CrossWorlds Software, Inc. Software  USA $7008129000000000000129,000,000 [7]
02002-06-25Jun 25, 2002 Metamerge Identity management  NOR [8]
02002-08-19Aug 19, 2002 Trellisoft, Inc. Enterprise storage  USA [9]
02002-09-12Sep 12, 2002 Holosofx, Inc. Business Process Management  USA,  EGY [10]
02002-10-02Oct 2, 2002 PWC Consulting from PricewaterhouseCoopers Business Consulting and Technology Services  USA $70093500000000000003,500,000,000 [11]
02002-10-06Oct 6, 2002 Access360 Software  USA [12]
02002-10-07Oct 7, 2002 EADS Matra Datavision Product lifecycle management  USA [13]
02002-11-15Nov 15, 2002 Tarian Software Records Management  CAN [14]
02003-02-21Feb 21, 2003 Rational Software Corporation Software Development  USA $70092100000000000002,100,000,000 [15]
02003-05-14May 14, 2003 Think Dynamics Software  CAN [16]
02003-07-01Jul 1, 2003 Information Laboratory Software  USA [17]
02003-07-15Jul 15, 2003 Aptrix Software  AUS [18]
02003-10-17Oct 17, 2003 CrossAccess Corporation Enterprise Information Integration  USA [19]
02003-11-13Nov 13, 2003 Productivity Solutions, Inc. Automated Self-Checkout Systems  USA [20]
02003-12-17Dec 17, 2003 Green Pasture Software, Inc. Content management software  USA [21]
02004-04-06Apr 6, 2004 Trigo Technologies Product information management  USA [22]
02004-04-07Apr 7, 2004 Daksh e-Services BPO Services  IND $7008170000000000000170,000,000 [23]
02004-04-13Apr 13, 2004 Business Continuity Services unit of Schlumberger IT Services  FRA [24]
02004-06-07Jun 7, 2004 Candle Corporation Infrastructure management  USA [25]
02004-07-14Jul 14, 2004 Alphablox Corporation Business Intelligence  USA [26]
02004-07-29Jul 29, 2004 Cyanea Systems Application management software  USA [27]
02004-10-07Oct 7, 2004 Venetica Enterprise Information Integration  USA [28]
02004-11-19Nov 19, 2004 Systemcorp ALG Ltd. Project Portfolio Management (PPM) software  CAN [29]
02004-11-23Nov 23, 2004 Liberty Insurance Services Business process services  USA [30]
02004-12-01Dec 1, 2004 Maersk Data and DMdata from Maersk IT Services  DEN [31]
02004-12-13Dec 13, 2004 KeyMRO Procurement Services  FRA [32]
02005-01-07Jan 7, 2005 Systems Research & Development Identity management  USA [33]
02005-03-16Mar 16, 2005 Corio Application Services  USA $7008182000000000000182,000,000 [34]
02005-04-29Apr 29, 2005 Ascential Software Corporation Enterprise Information Integration  USA $70091100000000000001,100,000,000 [35]
02005-05-10May 10, 2005 Gluecode Software Application Server  USA [36]
02005-06-23June 23, 2005 Meiosys Application Management  USA,  FRA [37]
02005-07-25Jul 25, 2005 PureEdge Solutions, Inc. Electronic Forms  CAN [38]
02005-07-27Jul 27, 2005 Isogon Corporation Asset Management  USA [39]
02005-08-02Aug 2, 2005 DWL Enterprise Information Integration  USA,  CAN [40]
02005-10-14Oct 14, 2005 DataPower Technology, Inc. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)  USA [41]
02005-11-01Nov 1, 2005 iPhrase Systems, Inc. Information management software  USA [42]
02005-11-10Nov 10, 2005 Network Solutions Pvt Ltd IT Services  IND [43]
02005-11-15Nov 15, 2005 Collation, Inc. Network management  USA [44]
02005-12-20Dec 20, 2005 Bowstreet, Inc. Portal-based tools  USA [45]
02006-01-27Jan 27, 2006 ARGUS Semiconductor Software From INFICON Semiconductor Manufacturing software  USA [46]
02006-01-20Jan 20, 2006 CIMS Lab, Inc. Application Virtualization  USA [47]
02006-02-08Feb 8, 2006 Viacore, Inc. Supply chain optimization  USA [48]
02006-02-14Feb 14, 2006 Micromuse, Inc. Network management  USA $7008865000000000000865,000,000 [49]
02006-03-16Mar 16, 2006 Language Analysis Systems Identity management  USA [50]
02006-05-02May 2, 2006 BuildForge, Inc. Software Development  USA [51]
02006-05-05May 5, 2006 Unicorn Solutions, Inc. Metadata management  ISR [52]
02006-06-27Jun 27, 2006 Rembo Technology Installation Software  SUI [53]
02006-08-01Aug 1, 2006 Webify Solutions, Inc Service Oriented Architecture software  USA [54]
02006-09-06Sep 6, 2006 Global Value Solutions IT Services  BRA [55]
02006-10-04Oct 4, 2006 DORANA product line from Ubiquity Pty Limited Asset Management  AUS [56]
02006-10-05Oct 5, 2006 MRO Software Asset Management  USA $7008740000000000000740,000,000 [57]
02006-10-12Oct 12, 2006 FileNet Corporation Content management software  USA $70091600000000000001,600,000,000 [58]
02006-10-20Oct 20, 2006 Internet Security Systems (ISS) Information security  USA $70091300000000000001,300,000,000 [59]
02006-10-20Oct 20, 2006 Palisades Technology Partners Management consulting  USA [60]
02007-01-22Jan 22, 2007 Consul Risk Management, Inc. Information security  NED [61]
02007-02-13Feb 13, 2007 Vallent Corporation Telecommunications Management  USA [62]
02007-03-01Mar 1, 2007 Softek Storage Solutions Corporation Data Mobility  USA [63]
02007-03-18Mar 18, 2007 BlackDot Networks, Inc. Enterprise Data Consulting  USA [64]
02007-04-20Apr 20, 2007 Unicible IT Services  SWI $7008460000000000000460,000,000 [65]
02007-07-20Jul 20, 2007 Watchfire Corporation Security Software Testing  USA [66]
02007-08-21Aug 21, 2007 WebDialogs Web conferencing and communications  USA [67]
02007-08-31Aug 31, 2007 DataMirror Corporation Change Data Capture  CAN $7008161000000000000161,000,000 [68]
02007-09-10Sep 10, 2007 Princeton Softech, Inc. Business Intelligence  USA [69]
02007-10-24Oct 24, 2007 NovusCG Storage Consulting and Technology Services  USA [70]
02008-01-02Jan 2, 2008 XIV Enterprise storage  ISR [71]
02008-01-18Jan 18, 2008 AptSoft Corporation Business Intelligence  USA [72]
02008-01-29Jan 29, 2008 Solid Information Technology Database Software  USA,  FIN [73]
02008-01-31Jan 31, 2008 Cognos Business Intelligence  CAN $70095000000000000005,000,000,000 [74]
02008-01-31Jan 31, 2008 Arsenal Digital Solutions Data backup services  USA [75]
02008-02-15Feb 15, 2008 Net Integration Technologies Inc. Business Server Software  CAN [76]
02008-03-11Mar 11, 2008 Encentuate, Inc. Enterprise Single Sign-On  USA [77]
02008-04-03Apr 3, 2008 Telelogic AB Enterprise software development  SWE $7008845000000000000845,000,000 [78]
02008-04-18Apr 18, 2008 Diligent Technologies Data De-duplication  ISR [79]
02008-04-21Apr 21, 2008 FilesX Application Recovery Software  USA,  ISR [80]
02008-04-29Apr 29, 2008 InfoDyne Corporation Data Feed Connectors  USA [81]
02008-07-02Jul 2, 2008 Platform Solutions Mainframe, System Z technologies  USA [82]
02008-07-28Jul 28, 2008 ILOG Business Rules Management Systems  FRA $340,000,000 [83]
02008-11-18Nov 18, 2008 Transitive Corporation Virtualization Software  USA [84]
02009-01-15Jan 15, 2009 Outblaze's E-Mail Service Assets Online messaging and collaboration  HKG [85]
02009-05-05May 5, 2009 Exeros Assets Data Discovery Software  USA [86]
02009-07-28July 28, 2009 SPSS Inc. Statistical analysis software  USA $1,200,000,000 [87]
02009-07-28July 28, 2009 Ounce Labs Source code analysis  USA [88]
02009-09-22September 22, 2009 RedPill Solutions Analytics and Optimisation  Singapore [89]
02009-11-30November 30, 2009 Guardium Database monitoring and protection  USA,  ISR [90]
02009-12-16December 16, 2009 Lombardi Business Process Management  USA [91]
02010-01-20January 20, 2010 National Interest Security Company, LLC Public sector consulting  USA [92]
02010-02-03February 3, 2010 Initiate Systems Data integrity software  USA [93]
02010-02-16February 16, 2010 Intelliden Inc. Network Automation software  USA [94]
02010-05-03May 3, 2010 Cast Iron Systems Cloud Integration  USA $190,000,000 [95] [96]
02010-05-24May 24, 2010 Sterling Commerce Business software integration  USA $1,400,000,000 [97]
02010-06-15June 15, 2010 Coremetrics Web Analytics  USA [98]
02010-07-01July 1, 2010 BigFix, Inc. Security and IT automation software  USA [99]
02010-07-29July 29, 2010 Storwize Data Compression  ISR [100]
02010-08-10August 10, 2010 Datacap Data capture and Content Management  USA [101]
02010-08-13August 13, 2010 Unica Corporation Marketing planning software  USA $480,000,000 [102]
02010-09-15September 15, 2010 OpenPages Integrated risk management solutions  USA [103]
02010-09-20September 20, 2010 Netezza Data warehousing and analytics  USA $1,700,000,000 [104]
02010-09-27September 27, 2010 BLADE Network Technologies Networking  USA [105]
02010-10-13October 13, 2010 PSS Systems Legal risk management  USA [106]
02010-10-21October 21, 2010 Clarity Systems Financial governance  CAN $350,000,000 [107]
02011-03-22March 22, 2011 Tririga Inc. Facility and Real Estate Management  USA [108]
02011-08-31August 31, 2011 i2 Limited Intelligence Analytics  UK [109]
02011-09-01September 1, 2011 Algorithmics Inc.[110] Risk Management  CAN $387,000,000 [111]
02011-10-04October 4, 2011 Q1 Labs[112] Security Intelligence  USA [113]
02011-10-12October 12, 2011 Platform Computing Cluster and Grid Management Software  CAN [114]
02011-12-05December 5, 2011 Cúram Software Smarter Cities  Ireland [115]
02011-12-08December 8, 2011 DemandTec Cloud-based Retail Analytics  USA $440,000,000 [116]
02011-12-15December 15, 2011 Emptoris Supply Chain Analytics  USA [117]
02012-01-04January 4, 2012 Green Hat[118] Cloud based software testing  USA,  UK [119]
02012-01-31January 31, 2012 Worklight Software Development Firm  ISR $70,000,000 [120][121]
02012-04-13April 13, 2012 Varicent Compensation and Sales Performance Management Software Solutions  CAN [122]
02012-04-25April 25, 2012 Vivisimo Enterprise Search Software  USA [123]
02012-05-02May 2, 2012 Tealeaf Technology Customer Experience Analytics Software  USA [124]
02012-08-16August 16, 2012 Texas Memory Systems Solid State Storage  USA [125]
02012-08-27August 27, 2012 Kenexa Corporation Talent Management Solutions  USA $1,400,000,000[126] [127]
02012-09-24September 24, 2012 Butterfly Software Ltd. Data Analysis and Migration Software  UK [128]
02012-12-19December 19, 2012 StoredIQ Big Data Analysis  USA [129]
02013-02-01February 1, 2013 Star Analytics Business Analytics  USA [130][131]
02013-04-22April 22, 2013 UrbanCode Software delivery automation  USA [132]

Spinoffs [edit]

  • 1934 Dayton Scale Division is sold to the Hobart Manufacturing Company.
  • 1942 Ticketograph Division is sold to the National Postal Meter Company.
  • 1958 Time Equipment Division is sold to the Simplex Time Recorder Company.
  • 1972 SAP, world-leader in collaborative business software, founded by five former IBM employees (then System Analyse und Programmentwicklung)
  • 1974 Service Bureau Corporation sold to Control Data Corporation
  • 1984 Prodigy, formerly a joint venture with Sears, Roebuck and Company.
  • 1985 Satellite Business Systems sold to MCI Communications
  • 1988 Copier/Duplicator business, including service and support contracts, sold to Eastman Kodak. [2] [3]
  • ARDIS mobile packet network, a joint venture with Motorola. Now Motient.
  • 1991 Lexmark (keyboards, typewriters, and printers). IBM retained a 10% interest. Lexmark has sold its keyboard and typewriter businesses.
  • 1991 Kalieda, a joint Multimedia software venture with Apple Computer.
  • 1992 Taligent, a joint software venture with Apple Computer.
  • 1992 IBM Commercial Multimedia Technologies Group, spun off to form private company Fairway Technologies.
  • 1992 IBM sells its remaining 50 percent stake in the Rolm Company to Siemens A.G. of Germany.[133]
  • 1994 Xyratex enterprise data storage subsystems and network technology, formed in a management buy-out from IBM.
  • 1995 Advantis (Advanced Value-Added Networking Technology of IBM & Sears), a voice and data network company. Joint Venture with IBM holding 70%, Sears holding 30%. AT&T acquires the infrastructure portion of Advantis in 1999, becoming the AT&T Global Network. IBM retained business and strategic outsourcing portions of the joint venture.
  • 1994 Federal Systems Division sold to Loral becoming Loral Federal Systems. The Federal Systems Division performed work for NASA. Loral was later acquired by Lockheed Martin.
  • 1996 Celestica, Electronic Manufacturing Services (EMS).
  • 1998 IBM Global Network sold to AT&T to form AT&T Business Internet.
  • 1999 Dominion Semiconductor (DSC) IBM sells its 50% share to JV partner Toshiba. DSC becomes a wholly owned subsidiary of Toshiba.
  • 2001 Information Services Extended department, developer of specialized databases and software for telephone directory assistance, is spun off to form privately held company ISx, Inc (later sold to Local Matters).
  • December 31, 2002 IBM sells its HDD business to Hitachi Global Storage Technologies for approximately $2 billion. Hitachi Global Storage Technologies now provides many of the hardware storage devices formerly provided by IBM, including IBM Harddrives & The Microdrive. IBM continues to develop storage systems, including tape backup, storage software and enterprise storage.
  • December 2004 Lenovo Group acquires 90% interest in IBM Personal Systems Group, 10,000 employees and $9 billion in revenue.
  • April 3, 2006 Web analytics provider Coremetrics acquires SurfAid Analytics, a standalone division of IBM Global Services. The deal was said to be in the "eight-figure" range, making it worth at least $10 million. (Note: Since then Coremetrics has in turn been acquired by IBM)
  • January 25, 2007 Three-year joint venture with IBM Printing Systems division and Ricoh to form new Ricoh-owned subsidiary, InfoPrint Solutions Company, for $725 million.
  • September 2009 IBM launches online business IT video advice service in association with GuruOnline.
  • September 2009 IBM sells its U2 multivalue database and application development products (created by VMark, UniData, System Builder and Prime Computer, obtained via the Informix acquisition) to Rocket Software
  • April 2012 IBM sells its Retail Store Solutions division (Point-of-Sales) to Toshiba TEC [134]

See also [edit]

References [edit]

  1. ^ IBM Archives: Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (1911–1924).
  2. ^ "IBM Archives: Frequently Asked Questions".  Some accounts of the merger forming CTR state that four corporations were merged, but the Bundy firm had been integrated into the International Time Recording Company prior to the merger that created CTR.
  3. ^ "Acquisition To Bolster Ibm's Networking". Bloomberg Business News. SunSentinal.com. 17 August 1994. Retrieved 2 November 2011. 
  4. ^ "IBM to acquire Data Sciences". Strait Times. Retrieved 29 August 2012. 
  5. ^ "IBM Completes Mainspring Acquisition" (Press release). IBM. 2001-06-07. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  6. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition of Informix Database Assets" (Press release). IBM. 2001-07-02. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  7. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition of CrossWorlds Software" (Press release). IBM. 2002-01-14. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  8. ^ "IBM Acquires Metamerge, Adds Directory Integration Software to IBM's Infrastructure Portfolio" (Press release). IBM. 2002-06-25. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  9. ^ "IBM Acquires TrelliSoft, Extends Leadership in Storage Management Software Market" (Press release). IBM. 2002-08-29. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  10. ^ "IBM Acquires Holosofx to Extend WebSphere Business Integration Software Portfolio" (Press release). IBM. 2002-09-12. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  11. ^ "IBM, PricewaterhouseCoopers Complete Sale of PwC Consulting" (Press release). IBM. 2002-10-02. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  12. ^ "IBM to Acquire Access360" (Press release). IBM. 2002-09-03. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  13. ^ "IBM To Acquire EADS Matra Datavision" (Press release). IBM. 2002-10-07. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  14. ^ IBM Completes Acquisition Of Tarian Software "IBM Completes Acquisition Of Tarian Software" (Press release). IBM. 2002-11-15. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  15. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition of Rational Software" (Press release). IBM. 2003-02-21. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  16. ^ "IBM Acquires Think Dynamics" (Press release). IBM. 2003-05-13. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  17. ^ (Press release). IBM.  Missing or empty |title= (help)
  18. ^ "IBM Acquires Aptrix; Strengthens its Software Portfolio with Web Content Management Software" (Press release). IBM. 2003-07-15. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  19. ^ "IBM to Acquire CrossAccess Technology, Extends Leadership in Information Integration" (Press release). IBM. 2003-10-14. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  20. ^ "IBM Acquires Retail Self-Checkout Leader, PSI" (Press release). IBM. 2003-11-13. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  21. ^ "IBM Acquires Green Pasture Software, Extends Leadership in Enterprise Content Management" (Press release). IBM. 2003-12-17. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  22. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition of Trigo Technologies" (Press release). IBM. 2004-04-06. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  23. ^ "IBM in $170m Indian call centre deal" (Press release). IBM. 2004-04-07. Retrieved 2008-10-27. 
  24. ^ "IBM Acquires the Business Continuity Services unit of Schlumberger" (Press release). IBM. 2004-04-13. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  25. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition of Candle Corporation" (Press release). IBM. 2004-06-07. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  26. ^ "IBM to Acquire Alphablox Corporation, Strengthens Leadership in Business Intelligence" (Press release). IBM. 2004-07-14. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  27. ^ "IBM To Acquire Cyanea" (Press release). IBM. 2004-07-29. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  28. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition of Venetica" (Press release). IBM. 2004-10-07. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  29. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition of Systemcorp" (Press release). IBM. 2004-12-19. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  30. ^ "IBM to Acquire Liberty Insurance Services" (Press release). IBM. 2004-11-23. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  31. ^ "IBM Increases Consulting and IT Services Capability with Acquisitions and Seals Services Deals Worth in Excess of $1 Billion" (Press release). IBM. 2004-12-01. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  32. ^ "IBM to Acquire KeyMRO, Procurement Services Leader in Europe and North America" (Press release). IBM. 2004-12-13. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  33. ^ "IBM Acquires SRD, Breaks New Ground in Identity Resolution Software" (Press release). IBM. 2005-01-07. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  34. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition of Corio" (Press release). IBM. 2005-03-16. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  35. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition Of Ascential Software" (Press release). IBM. 2005-05-02. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  36. ^ "IBM Acquires Gluecode Software; Acquisition Builds On IBM Support For Open Source Technology; Expands Customer And Business Partner Choice For WebSphere Software" (Press release). IBM. 2005-05-10. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  37. ^ "IBM Acquires Meiosys" (Press release). IBM. 2005-06-23. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  38. ^ "IBM Formally Acquires PureEdge Solutions Inc., Pledges Support for Emerging Electronic Forms Standard Called Xforms" (Press release). IBM. 2005-08-05. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  39. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition of Isogon Corporation" (Press release). IBM. 2005-07-27. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  40. ^ "IBM Formally Acquires DWL, Enhancing Data Integration Portfolio" (Press release). IBM. 2005-09-01. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  41. ^ "http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/7952.wss" (Press release). IBM. 2005-10-18. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  42. ^ "IBM Acquires the Business of iPhrase Systems, Inc." (Press release). IBM. 2005-11-01. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  43. ^ CBR Staff Writer (2005-11-10). "IBM grows Indian presence with Network Solutions takeover". CBR. Retrieved 2008-05-02. [dead link]
  44. ^ "IBM Acquires Collation" (Press release). IBM. 2005-11-16. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  45. ^ "IBM Acquires Bowstreet, Inc. to Help Customers Quickly Create Portals that Integrate Existing Business Applications" (Press release). IBM. 2005-12-20. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  46. ^ "IBM Acquires ARGUS Semiconductor Software From INFICON" (Press release). IBM. 2006-01-27. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  47. ^ "IBM Acquires CIMS Lab, Inc." (Press release). IBM. 2006-01-25. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  48. ^ "IBM to Enhance Its Supply Chain BTO Offering" (Press release). IBM. 2006-02-08. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  49. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition of Micromuse Inc." (Press release). IBM. 2006-02-15. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  50. ^ "Ibm To Acquire Language Analysis Systems, Inc." (Press release). IBM. 2006-03-16. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  51. ^ "IBM Acquires BuildForge, Inc. to Help Organizations Meet Compliance Demands" (Press release). IBM. 2006-05-02. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  52. ^ "IBM Acquires the Business of Unicorn Solutions, Inc." (Press release). IBM. 2006-05-08. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  53. ^ "IBM To Acquire Rembo Technology to Automate Software Installation" (Press release). IBM. 2006-05-18. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  54. ^ "IBM Acquires Webify" (Press release). IBM. 2006-08-02. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  55. ^ "IBM Acquires Full Ownership of Brazilian SMB Services Firm Global Value Solutions" (Press release). IBM. 2006-09-06. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  56. ^ "IBM Acquires Ubiquity's DORANA Product Line" (Press release). IBM. 2006-10-04. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  57. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition of MRO Software, Inc." (Press release). IBM. 2006-10-05. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  58. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition of FileNet Corporation" (Press release). IBM. 2006-10-12. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  59. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition of Internet Security Systems" (Press release). IBM. 2006-10-20. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  60. ^ "IBM Completes the Acquisition of Palisades Technology Partners" (Press release). IBM. 2006-11-10. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  61. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition of Consul" (Press release). IBM. 2007-01-24. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  62. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition of Vallent" (Press release). IBM. 2007-02-14. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  63. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition of Softek" (Press release). IBM. 2007-03-01. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  64. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition of Softek" (Press release). IBM. 2007-03-018. Retrieved 2009-04-06. 
  65. ^ "IBM and Switzerland's Banque Cantonale Vaudoise in $460 Million, 5-Year Services Agreement" (Press release). IBM. 2007-04-20. Retrieved 2010-09-27. 
  66. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition of Watchfire" (Press release). IBM. 2007-07-23. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  67. ^ "IBM Acquires WebDialogs to Expand Web Conferencing Capabilities in Industry-Leading Lotus Sametime" (Press release). IBM. 2007-08-22. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  68. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition of DataMirror" (Press release). IBM. 2007-09-04. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  69. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition of Princeton Softech" (Press release). IBM. 2007-09-13. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  70. ^ "IBM Acquires Storage Solutions Company NovusCG" (Press release). IBM. 2007-10-24. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  71. ^ "IBM Acquires XIV" (Press release). IBM. 2008-01-02. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  72. ^ "IBM Acquires AptSoft to Expand Portfolio in Burgeoning Business Events Software Market" (Press release). IBM. 2008-01-23. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  73. ^ "IBM to Acquire Solid Information Technology to Broaden Information on Demand Portfolio" (Press release). IBM. 2007-12-21. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  74. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition of Cognos" (Press release). IBM. 2008-01-31. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  75. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition of Arsenal Digital Solutions" (Press release). IBM. 2008-02-01. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  76. ^ "IBM Reaches Agreement to Acquire Net Integration Technologies Inc." (Press release). IBM. 2008-01-18. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  77. ^ "IBM Acquires Encentuate" (Press release). IBM. 2008-03-12. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  78. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition of Telelogic AB" (Press release). IBM. 2008-04-03. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  79. ^ "IBM Acquires Storage Company Diligent Technologies" (Press release). IBM. 2008-04-18. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  80. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition of FilesX" (Press release). IBM. 2008-04-21. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  81. ^ "IBM Acquires InfoDyne to Create World-Class Platform for Market Data Delivery" (Press release). IBM. 2008-04-29. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
  82. ^ "IBM Acquires Platform Solutions" (Press release). IBM. 2008-07-02. Retrieved 2009-03-23. 
  83. ^ "IBM Announces Plans to Acquire ILOG" (Press release). IBM. 2008-07-28. Retrieved 2008-07-29. 
  84. ^ "IBM Announces Plans to Acquire Transitive" (Press release). IBM. 2008-11-18. Retrieved 2009-03-23. 
  85. ^ "IBM Announces Intent to Acquire Outblaze's E-Mail Service Assets" (Press release). IBM. 2009-01-15. Retrieved 2009-03-23. 
  86. ^ "IBM Acquires Exeros Assets" (Press release). IBM. 2009-05-05. Retrieved 2009-05-05. 
  87. ^ "IBM to Acquire SPSS Inc. to Provide Clients Predictive Analytics Capabilities" (Press release). IBM. 2009-07-28. Retrieved 2009-07-28. 
  88. ^ "IBM Acquires Ounce Labs, Inc." (Press release). IBM. 2009-07-28. Retrieved 2009-07-28. 
  89. ^ "IBM Acquires RedPill Solutions" (Press release). IBM. 2009-09-22. Retrieved 2009-09-22. 
  90. ^ "IBM Acquires Guardium". Taume News. 2009-11-30. Retrieved 2009-12-01. 
  91. ^ "IBM to Acquire Lombardi" (Press release). IBM. 2009-12-16. Retrieved 2009-12-16. 
  92. ^ "IBM to National Interest Security Company" (Press release). IBM. 2010-01-20. Retrieved 2010-01-20. 
  93. ^ "IBM to Acquire Initiate Systems" (Press release). IBM. 2010-02-03. Retrieved 2010-02-04. 
  94. ^ "IBM to Acquire Intelliden Inc." (Press release). IBM. 2010-02-16. Retrieved 2010-02-16. 
  95. ^ "The Huge Value Sequoia Capital And Other Venture Capitalists Help Create". TechCrunch. 2010-09-27. Retrieved 2012-01-21. 
  96. ^ "IBM Advances Cloud Initiatives with Acquisition of Cast Iron Systems" (Press release). IBM. 2010-02-16. Retrieved 2010-05-03. 
  97. ^ "IBM Agrees to Acquire Sterling Commerce from AT&T for $1.4 Billion" (Press release). IBM. 2010-05-24. Retrieved 2010-05-24. 
  98. ^ "IBM Advances Analytics With Acquisition of Coremetrics" (Press release). IBM. 2010-06-15. Retrieved 2010-06-15. 
  99. ^ "IBM to Acquire BigFix to Advance Smarter Data Centers" (Press release). IBM. 2010-07-01. Retrieved 2010-07-01. 
  100. ^ "IBM to Acquire Storwize for Data Compression Capabilities" (Press release). IBM. 2010-07-29. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
  101. ^ "IBM Acquires Datacap" (Press release). IBM. 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2010-08-10. 
  102. ^ "IBM to Acquire Unica Corporation" (Press release). IBM. 2010-08-13. Retrieved 2010-08-13. 
  103. ^ "IBM to Acquire OpenPages" (Press release). IBM. 2010-09-15. Retrieved 2010-09-15. 
  104. ^ "IBM to Acquire Netezza" (Press release). IBM. 2010-09-20. Retrieved 2010-09-20. 
  105. ^ "IBM to Acquire BLADE Network Technologies" (Press release). IBM. 2010-09-27. Retrieved 2010-12-09. 
  106. ^ "IBM Acquires PSS Systems" (Press release). IBM. 2010-10-13. Retrieved 2010-10-13. 
  107. ^ "IBM Acquires Clarity Systems" (Press release). IBM. 2010-10-21. Retrieved 2010-10-21. 
  108. ^ "IBM to Acquire TRIRIGA, Inc. to Accelerate Smarter Buildings Transformation" (Press release). IBM. 2011-03-22. Retrieved 2011-03-22. 
  109. ^ "IBM to Acquire i2 to Accelerate Big Data Analytics to Transform Global Cities" (Press release). IBM. 2011-08-31. Retrieved 2011-08-31. 
  110. ^ Algorithmics Inc. official website
  111. ^ "IBM to Acquire Algorithmics" (Press release). IBM. 2011-08-31. Retrieved 2011-09-01. 
  112. ^ Q1 Labs official website
  113. ^ "IBM to Acquire Q1 Labs to Drive Greater Security Intelligence" (Press release). IBM. 2011-10-04. Retrieved 2011-10-31. 
  114. ^ "IBM to Acquire System Software Company Platform Computing to Extend Reach of Technical Computing" (Press release). IBM. 2011-10-12. Retrieved 2011-10-12. 
  115. ^ "IBM extends Smarter Cities initiative through acquisition of Cúram Software" (Press release). IBM. 2011-12-05. Retrieved 2012-02-23. 
  116. ^ "IBM to Acquire DemandTec to Expand Cloud-Based Analytics for Smarter Commerce" (Press release). IBM. 2011-12-08. Retrieved 2011-12-13. 
  117. ^ "IBM Acquisition of Emptoris Bolsters Smarter Commerce Initiative, Helps Reduce Procurement Costs and Risks" (Press release). IBM. 2011-12-15. Retrieved 2011-12-15. 
  118. ^ Green Hat official website
  119. ^ "IBM to Acquire Green Hat" (Press release). IBM. 2011-01-04. Retrieved 2012-01-04. 
  120. ^ "IBM Advances Mobile Capabilities with Acquisition of Worklight" (Press release). IBM. 2012-01-31. Retrieved 2012-01-31. 
  121. ^ Rao, Leena (17 April 2012). "IBM’s Mixed Q1 2012: Revenue Flat At $24.7B; Net Income Up 7 Percent To $3.1B". TechCrunch. Retrieved 10 May 2012. "While the company revealed layoffs in February, IBM has spent some cash in the first quarter on acquisitions, buying Worklight for $70 million and Green Hat." 
  122. ^ "IBM Broadens Analytics Portfolio with Acquisition of Varicent Software" (Press release). IBM. 2012-04-13. Retrieved 2012-04-13. 
  123. ^ "IBM Advances Big Data Analytics with Acquisition of Vivisimo" (Press release). IBM. 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2012-04-25. 
  124. ^ "IBM to Acquire Tealeaf Technology, Inc. to Help Marketers Deliver Exceptional Digital Experience for Smarter Commerce" (Press release). IBM. 2012-05-02. Retrieved 2012-05-25. 
  125. ^ "IBM Plans to Acquire Texas Memory Systems" (Press release). IBM. 2012-08-16. Retrieved 2012-08-16. 
  126. ^ IBM’s acquisition of Kenexa ($1.4 billion, 4.1x)
  127. ^ "IBM To Buy Social-Business Company Kenexa For $1.3 Billion". Bloomberg. 2012-08-28. Retrieved 2012-08-28. 
  128. ^ "IBM Advances Storage Capabilities with Acquisition of Butterfly Software" (Press release). IBM. 2012-09-24. Retrieved 2012-09-24. 
  129. ^ "IBM To Acquire StoredIQ" (Press release). IBM. 2012-12-19. Retrieved 2012-12-19. 
  130. ^ "IBM To Acquire Star Analytics, Inc" (Press release). IBM. 2013-02-01. Retrieved 2013-02-01. 
  131. ^ "IBM Completes Acquisition of Star Analytics, Inc." (Press release). IBM. 2013-03-19. Retrieved 2013-03-19. 
  132. ^ "IBM Acquires UrbanCode to Help Businesses Rapidly Deliver Mobile, Cloud, Big Data and Social Software" (Press release). IBM. 2013-04-22. Retrieved 2013-02-01. 
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  134. ^ "Toshiba TEC to Acquire IBM’s Retail Store Point-of-Sale Solutions Business; Agreement Allows Both to Tap Growing Smarter Commerce Opportunity" (Press release). IBM. 2012-04-17. Retrieved 2012-04-17. 
  135. ^ http://www.blinkenlights.com/classiccmp/friden/bmast.txt

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