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List of municipalities in New Brunswick

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Map of Canada with New Brunswick highlighted in red
Location of New Brunswick in Canada
Map showing locations of all of New Brunswick's municipalities
Distribution of New Brunswick's 107 municipalities and rural communities by municipal status type

New Brunswick is the eighth-most populous province in Canada, with 775,610 residents as of the 2021 census, and the third-smallest province by land area, at 71,248.50 km2 (27,509.20 sq mi).[1] New Brunswick's 104 municipalities[2] cover only 10.9% of the province's land mass but are home to 69.5% of its population.

Municipalities in New Brunswick may be incorporated under the Municipalities Act of 1973 as a city, town, village, regional municipality, or rural community.[3] Municipal governments are led by elected councils and are responsible for the delivery of services such as civic administration, land use planning, emergency measures, policing, road, and garbage collection.[4] New Brunswick has 8 cities, 26 towns, 61 villages, 1 regional municipality, and 8 rural communities.[4][5] Although rural communities are under the Municipalities Act, the provincial government distinguishes them from municipalities.[6]

In 1785, Saint John became the first community in what would eventually become Canada to be incorporated as a city.[7] Moncton is New Brunswick's largest municipality by population, with 79,470 residents, and Saint John is the largest urban municipality by land area, at 315.59 km2 (121.85 sq mi).[8] Approximately one-third of the residents of New Brunswick do not live in municipalities but reside in local service districts, which are unincorporated communities administered by the Minister of Environment and Local Government and have no local government of their own.[4]

Beginning in 2021, the government of New Brunswick launched the 2023 New Brunswick local governance reform, which will see local service districts eliminated, and added to neighbouring cities, towns or villages.

Cities

Main article: List of cities in New Brunswick

The Lieutenant-Governor in Council may incorporate an area as a city under the Local Governance Act if it has a population of at least 10,000.[3] Cities already in existence on January 1, 1967 continue to be incorporated regardless of population.[3] New Brunswick had eight cities that had a cumulative population of 293,928 in the 2021 Census.[8] Moncton is New Brunswick's largest city by population with 79,470 residents and Saint John is the largest by land area 315.59 km2 (121.85 sq mi) respectively.[8] Campbellton is New Brunswick's smallest city by population and land area with 7,047 residents and 18.57 km2 (7.17 sq mi).[8]

Towns

The Lieutenant-Governor in Council may incorporate an area as a town under the Local Governance Act if it has a population of at least 1,500 and provides a level of services that the Minister of Local Government and Local Governance Reform considers appropriate.[3] Towns already in existence on January 1, 1967 continue to be incorporated regardless of population.[3] New Brunswick had 26 towns that had a cumulative population of 133,350 in the 2021 Census.[8] New Brunswick's largest town by population is Riverview with 20,584 residents and largest town by area is Sackville with a land area of 73.91 km2 (28.54 sq mi).[8] New Brunswick's smallest town by population is Hartland with 933 residents and the smallest by land area is Saint-Quentin at 4.24 km2 (1.64 sq mi).[8]

Villages

New Brunswick's 61 villages had a cumulative population of 71,186 as of the 2021 Census.[8] New Brunswick's largest village by population is Memramcook with 5,029 residents and largest village by area is Belledune with a land area of 189.18 km2 (73.04 sq mi).[8] New Brunswick's smallest village by population is Meductic with 180 residents and the smallest by land area is Saint-Louis de Kent at 1.98 km2 (0.76 sq mi).[8]

Regional municipalities

The Lieutenant-Governor in Council may incorporate an area as a Regional Municipality under the Local Governance Act if there is a population of at least 15,000 and at leas one existing municipality. New Brunswick's first and only regional municipality was incorporated on May 12, 2014.[9] The Regional Municipality of Tracadie was formed through the amalgamation of the former Town of Tracadie–Sheila, eighteen local service districts and portions of two other local service districts.[9] Regional municipalities must have a population greater than 15,000 and a community grouping that includes at least one municipality.[4] Regional municipalities elect a local council but are responsible only for community administration, planning and emergency measures services, and all services previously provided by any former municipality that is now part of the regional municipality.[4] The Province of New Brunswick is responsible for police protection and road services, unless the regional municipality chooses to assume these responsibilities.[4]

Rural communities

New Brunswick eight rural communities, an increase from four as of the 2011 census following the incorporations of Kedgwick in 2012, Cocagne and Hanwell in 2014, and Haut-Madawaska in 2017.[13] Haut-Madawaska was formed in 2017 through the amalgamation of four villages (Baker Brook, Clair, Saint-François de Madawaska and Saint-Hilaire) with five local service districts (the parishes of Baker Brook, Clair, Lac Baker, Saint-François, and Saint-Hilaire) and a portion of a sixth local service district (the parish of Madawaska)[14] These eight rural communities had a cumulative population of 24,842 in the 2021 Census.[8] New Brunswick's largest and smallest rural communities are Beaubassin East and Campobello Island with populations of 6,718 and 949 respectively.[8] Rural communities elect local councils and are responsible for the delivery of some local services, including administrative services, community planning and emergency measures.[4] The province of New Brunswick ensures the delivery of other services including solid waste collection and recreation services unless the rural community chooses to take on these responsibilities.[4] Rural communities that include a former village or town are an exception, as they are responsible to provide all services that were previously provided by their former municipality.[4]

List of municipalities

  • Skyline of Moncton
    Skyline of Moncton, New Brunswick's largest municipality
  • Skyline of Saint John
    Skyline of Saint John, New Brunswick's second largest municipality
  • Skyline of Fredericton
    Skyline of Fredericton, New Brunswick's capital city and third-largest municipality
List of municipalities in New Brunswick
Name Municipal type County[8] Incorporation
date[15] 		2021 Census of Population[8]
Population
(2021) 		Population
(2016) 		Change
 Land area
(km2) 		Population
density
(/km2)
Bathurst City Gloucester 1912 12,157 11,897 +2.2% 91.62 132.7
Campbellton City Restigouche 1888 7,047 6,883 +2.4% 18.57 379.5
Dieppe City Westmorland 1952 28,114 25,384 +10.8% 77.02 365.0
Edmundston City Madawaska 1952 16,437 16,580 −0.9% 106.84 153.8
Fredericton City York 1848 63,116 58,721 +7.5% 133.93 471.3
Miramichi City Northumberland 1995 17,692 17,537 +0.9% 178.98 98.8
Moncton City Westmorland 1890 79,470 71,889 +10.5% 140.67 564.9
Saint John City Saint John 1785 69,895 67,575 +3.4% 315.59 221.5
Tracadie Regional municipality Gloucester 2014[16] 16,043 16,114 −0.4% 516.55 31.1
Beaubassin East Rural community Westmorland 1995[17] 6,718 6,376 +5.4% 291.02 23.1
Campobello Island Rural community Charlotte 2010[18] 949 872 +8.8% 39.59 24.0
Cocagne Rural community Kent 2014[11] 2,757 2,649 +4.1% 69.23 39.8
Hanwell Rural community York 2014[12] 4,743 4,700 +0.9% 152.06 31.2
Haut-Madawaska Rural community Madawaska 2017[14] 3,720 3,714 +0.2% 611.55 6.1
Kedgwick Rural community Restigouche 2012[10] 1,986 1,964 +1.1% 649.36 3.1
Saint-André Rural community Madawaska 2006[19] 1,794 1,901 −5.6% 136.19 13.2
Upper Miramichi Rural community Northumberland 2008[20] 2,175 2,218 −1.9% 1,832.97 1.2
Beresford Town Gloucester 1967 4,294 4,288 +0.1% 19.24 223.2
Bouctouche Town Kent 1966 2,513 2,361 +6.4% 18.33 137.1
Caraquet Town Gloucester 1961 4,285 4,248 +0.9% 68.13 62.9
Dalhousie Town Restigouche 1905 3,223 3,126 +3.1% 15.12 213.2
Florenceville-Bristol Town Carleton 2008 1,573 1,604 −1.9% 15.74 99.9
Grand Bay-Westfield Town Kings 1998 4,967 4,964 +0.1% 59.82 83.0
Grand Falls Town Victoria 1890 5,220 5,326 −2.0% 18.04 289.4
Hampton Town Kings 1966 4,395 4,289 +2.5% 20.97 209.6
Hartland Town Carleton 1918 933 957 −2.5% 9.50 98.2
Lamèque Town Gloucester 1966 1,301 1,285 +1.2% 12.40 104.9
Nackawic Town York 1976 962 941 +2.2% 7.68 125.3
Oromocto Town Sunbury 1956 9,045 9,223 −1.9% 22.36 404.5
Quispamsis Town Kings 1966 18,768 18,245 +2.9% 56.97 329.4
Richibucto Town Kent 1966 1,411 1,266 +11.5% 11.90 118.6
Riverview Town Albert 1973 20,584 19,667 +4.7% 34.10 603.6
Rothesay Town Kings 1988 11,977 11,659 +2.7% 34.59 346.3
Sackville Town Westmorland 1903 6,099 5,331 +14.4% 73.91 82.5
Saint Andrews Town Charlotte 1903 2,048 1,786 +14.7% 8.35 245.3
Saint-Léonard Town Madawaska 1920 1,322 1,300 +1.7% 5.34 247.6
Saint-Quentin Town Restigouche 1947 2,141 2,194 −2.4% 4.24 505.0
Shediac Town Westmorland 1903 7,535 6,664 +13.1% 64.00 117.7
Shippagan Town Gloucester 1947 2,672 2,580 +3.6% 9.96 268.3
St. George Town Charlotte 1904 1,579 1,517 +4.1% 16.17 97.6
St. Stephen Town Charlotte 1973[a] 4,510 4,415 +2.2% 13.72 328.7
Sussex Town Kings 1904 4,440 4,282 +3.7% 8.90 498.9
Woodstock Town Carleton 1856 5,553 5,228 +6.2% 14.96 371.2
Alma Village Albert 1966 282 213 +32.4% 47.64 5.9
Aroostook Village Victoria 1966 313 306 +2.3% 2.23 140.4
Atholville Village Restigouche 1966 3,290 3,570 −7.8% 119.58 27.5
Balmoral Village Restigouche 1972 1,603 1,674 −4.2% 43.33 37.0
Bas-Caraquet Village Gloucester 1966 1,311 1,305 +0.5% 30.93 42.4
Bath Village Carleton 1966 440 476 −7.6% 2.00 220.0
Belledune Village Restigouche 1968 1,325 1,417 −6.5% 189.18 7.0
Bertrand Village Gloucester 1968 1,153 1,166 −1.1% 57.01 20.2
Blacks Harbour Village Charlotte 1972 907 894 +1.5% 9.02 100.6
Blackville Village Northumberland 1966 914 958 −4.6% 20.97 43.6
Cambridge-Narrows Village Queens 1966 715 562 +27.2% 106.79 6.7
Canterbury Village York 1966 320 336 −4.8% 5.32 60.2
Cap-Pelé Village Westmorland 1969 2,503[21] 2,425 +3.2% 22.96 109.0
Centreville Village Carleton 1966 508 557 −8.8% 2.67 190.3
Charlo Village Restigouche 1966 1,323 1,310 +1.0% 31.45 42.1
Chipman Village Queens 1966 1,201 1,104 +8.8% 19.00 63.2
Doaktown Village Northumberland 1966 808 792 +2.0% 29.09 27.8
Dorchester Village Westmorland 1966 906 1,096 −17.3% 5.71 158.7
Drummond Village Victoria 1967 729 737 −1.1% 8.88 82.1
Eel River Crossing Village Restigouche 1966 1,844 1,953 −5.6% 65.26 28.3
Fredericton Junction Village Sunbury 1966 719 704 +2.1% 23.85 30.1
Gagetown Village Queens 1966 787 711 +10.7% 49.32 16.0
Grand Manan Village Charlotte 1995 2,595 2,360 +10.0% 150.56 17.2
Grande-Anse Village Gloucester 1968 731 899 −18.7% 24.27 30.1
Harvey Village York 1966 402 358 +12.3% 2.46 163.4
Hillsborough Village Albert 1966 1,348 1,277 +5.6% 12.81 105.2
Lac Baker Village Madawaska 1967 685 690 −0.7% 37.24 18.4
Le Goulet Village Gloucester 1986 749 793 −5.5% 5.40 138.7
Maisonnette Village Gloucester 1986 535 495 +8.1% 12.91 41.4
McAdam Village York 1966 1,173 1,151 +1.9% 14.19 82.7
Meductic Village York 1966 180 215 −16.3% 6.26 28.8
Memramcook Village Westmorland 1995 5,029 4,778 +5.3% 186.64 26.9
Millville Village York 1966 274 273 +0.4% 12.14 22.6
Minto Village Queens 1966 2,234 2,305 −3.1% 31.36 71.2
Neguac Village Northumberland 1967 1,692 1,684 +0.5% 26.72 63.3
New Maryland Village York 1991 4,153 4,174 −0.5% 21.25 195.4
Nigadoo Village Gloucester 1967 997 963 +3.5% 7.65 130.3
Norton Village Kings 1966 1,410 1,382 +2.0% 75.35 18.7
Paquetville Village Gloucester 1966 718 720 −0.3% 9.26 77.5
Perth-Andover Village Victoria 1966 1,574 1,590 −1.0% 8.96 175.7
Petitcodiac Village Westmorland 1966 1,476 1,383 +6.7% 17.18 85.9
Petit-Rocher Village Gloucester 1966 1,954 1,897 +3.0% 4.52 432.3
Plaster Rock Village Victoria 1966 1,002 1,023 −2.1% 3.01 332.9
Pointe-Verte Village Gloucester 1966 865 886 −2.4% 13.76 62.9
Port Elgin Village Westmorland 1922 381 408 −6.6% 2.65 143.8
Rexton Village Kent 1966 874 830 +5.3% 6.29 139.0
Riverside-Albert Village Albert 1966 348 350 −0.6% 3.39 102.7
Rivière-Verte Village Madawaska 1966 744 724 +2.8% 6.91 107.7
Rogersville Village Northumberland 1966 1,193 1,166 +2.3% 7.19 165.9
Saint-Antoine Village Kent 1966[b] 1,791 1,733 +3.3% 6.32 283.4
Sainte-Anne-de-Madawaska Village Madawaska 1966 891 957 −6.9% 8.97 99.3
Sainte-Marie-Saint-Raphaël Village Gloucester 1966 820 879 −6.7% 15.84 51.8
Saint-Isidore Village Gloucester 1978 810 764 +6.0% 22.94 35.3
Saint-Léolin Village Gloucester 1966 615 647 −4.9% 19.73 31.2
Saint-Louis de Kent Village Kent 1986 981 856 +14.6% 1.98 495.5
Salisbury Village Westmorland 1966 2,387 2,284 +4.5% 13.56 176.0
St. Martins Village Saint John 1966 320 276 +15.9% 2.35 136.2
Stanley Village York 1966 397 412 −3.6% 16.93 23.4
Sussex Corner Village Kings 1966 1,458 1,461 −0.2% 9.32 156.4
Tide Head Village Restigouche 1966 951 938 +1.4% 19.34 49.2
Tracy Village Sunbury 1966 610 608 +0.3% 29.44 20.7
Sub-total cities 293,928 276,466 +6.3% 1,063.22 276.5
Sub-total regional municipalities 16,043 16,114 −0.4% 516.55 31.1
Sub-total rural communities 24,842 24,394 +1.8% 3,781.97 6.6
Sub-total towns 133,350 128,746 +3.6% 644.44 206.9
Sub-total villages 71,248 70,855 +0.6% 1,769.24 40.3
Total municipalities 539,411 516,575 +4.4% 7,775.42 69.4
Province of New Brunswick 775,610 747,101 +3.8% 71,248.50 10.9

See also

Notes

  1. ^ St. Stephen was incorporated as a town in 1871, but amalgamated with Milltown in 1973 and renamed St. Stephen-Milltown but the name reverted to St. Stephen in 1975.[15]
  2. ^ Incorporated as St. Anthony but the name was changed to Saint-Antoine in 1969.[15]

References

  1. ^ "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, 2021 and 2016 censuses – 100% data". Statistics Canada. March 14, 2022. Retrieved March 14, 2022.
  2. ^ "Welcome to the Association of Municipal Administrators of New Brunswick". The Association of Municipal Administrators of New Brunswick. 2015. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Municipalities Act (R.S.N.B. 1973, c. M-22)". Government of New Brunswick. 1973. Retrieved April 24, 2015.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Types of Local Governments". Government of New Brunswick. 2015. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
  5. ^ "Community Profiles". Government of New Brunswick. 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
  6. ^ "Municipalities (Cities, Towns, Villages) and Rural Communities". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved January 6, 2016.
  7. ^ "Provincial Archives of New Brunswick". Government of New Brunswick. 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), New Brunswick". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
  9. ^ a b "Establishing the Regional Municipality of Grand Tracadie-Sheila" (PDF). New Brunswick Department of Environment and Local Government. February 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 21, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2014.
  10. ^ a b "Rural Community of Kedgwick Regulation – Municipalities Act" (PDF). Queen's Printer for New Brunswick. March 15, 2012. p. 2. Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  11. ^ a b "Rural Community of Cocagne Regulation – Municipalities Act" (PDF). Queen's Printer for New Brunswick. March 28, 2014. p. 2. Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  12. ^ a b "Rural Community of Hanwell Regulation – Municipalities Act" (PDF). Queen's Printer for New Brunswick. March 28, 2014. p. 2. Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  13. ^ Kedgwick was incorporated as a rural community through the amalgamation of the former Village of Kedgwick with the former local service district of the parish of Grimmer,[10] while Cocagne and Hanwell were previously local service districts.[11][12]
  14. ^ a b "New Brunswick Regulation 2017-3 under the Municipalities Act". Government of New Brunswick. March 20, 2017. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
  15. ^ a b c "Provincial Archives of New Brunswick". Government of New Brunswick. 2015. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
  16. ^ "Regional Municipality of Grand Tracadie-Sheila Regulation – Municipalities Act" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick Office of the Attorney General. March 28, 2014. p. 3. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
  17. ^ "Rural Community of Beaubassin East Regulation – Municipalities Act" (PDF). Queen's Printer for New Brunswick. March 24, 1995. p. 6. Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  18. ^ "Rural Community of Campobello Island Regulation – Municipalities Act" (PDF). Queen's Printer for New Brunswick. August 31, 2010. p. 2. Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  19. ^ "Rural Community of Saint-André Regulation – Municipalities Act" (PDF). Queen's Printer for New Brunswick. May 26, 2006. p. 4. Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  20. ^ "Rural Community of Upper Miramichi Regulation – Municipalities Act" (PDF). Queen's Printer for New Brunswick. March 17, 2008. p. 4. Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  21. ^ "Population and dwelling count amendments, 2021 Census". Statistics Canada. July 13, 2022. Retrieved July 16, 2022.

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