Monoethnicity

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Monoethnicity is the existence of a single ethnic group in a given region or country. It is the opposite of polyethnicity.

An example of a largely monoethnic country is Japan. It is a common belief in Japan that the entire country is monoethnic, but a few ethnic minorities live in Japan (e.g. Koreans, Ainus and Ryukyuans).[1] They represent around 1% of the whole population.[2]

South Korea is a monoethnic country. There are small ethnic minorities that exist in South Korea, where they account for around 1% of the South Korean population. These include around 650,000 Chinese immigrants.[3]

Most Sub-Saharan African countries have what would be considered a mono-racial society, but it is common to find dozens of ethnic groups within the same country.

The Yugoslav Wars are noted as having made Yugoslavia's successor states "de facto and de jure monoethnic nation-states".[4]

Monoethnic countries with more than 85%

Sovereign states

Country Population Dominant group % Ref
 Maldives 379,270 Maldivians 100% [5]
 North Korea 24,252,231 Koreans 99.9% [6][7]
 Lesotho 2,203,821 Basotho 99.7% [8]
 Egypt 106,437,241 Egyptians
(including Copts) 		99.7% [9]
 Morocco 37,112,080 Moroccans 99% [10]
 Cyprus 1,266,676 Greek Cypriots 98.8% [11]
 Japan[12][13][14] 126,702,133 Japanese 98.5% [15]
 Armenia[16][17][18] 3,018,854 Armenians 98.1% [19]
 Algeria 44,700,000 Algerians 98% [20]
 Albania 2,876,591 Albanians 98% [21]
 Tunisia 11,721,177 Tunisians 98% [22]
 Hungary 9,937,628 Hungarians 98% [23]
 Bangladesh 162,951,560[24] Bengalis 98% [25]
 Jordan 10,945,512 Arabs 98% [26]
 Mongolia 3,081,677 Mongols 97% [27]
 Poland[28][29] 38,523,261 Poles 96.9% [30]
 South Korea 51,446,201 Koreans 96% [31]
 Portugal 10,839,514 Portuguese 95.9% [32]
 Lebanon 6,859,408 Lebanese
(including Christian Phoenicians) 		95% [33]
 Czech Republic 10,610,947 Czechs 95% [34]
 Haiti 11,439,646 Afro-Haitians 95% [35]
 Iceland 332,529 Icelanders 94% [36]
 Finland 5,537,364 Finns 93.5% [37]
 Greece 11,183,716 Greeks 93% [38]
 China 1,384,688,986 Han Chinese 91.6% [39]
 Azerbaijan 10,067,100 Azerbaijanis 91.6% [40]
 Italy 60,483,973 Italians 91.5% [41]
 Croatia 4,227,746 Croats 90.4% [42]
 Cambodia 15,552,211 Khmers 90% [43]
 Romania 16,792,868 Romanians 88.9% [44]
 Ukraine 41,554,836 (unoccupied territory) Ukrainians ~87% [45]
 Georgia 3,716,858 (unoccupied territory) Georgians 86.8% [46]
 Denmark 5,873,420 Danes 86.11% [47]
 Thailand 59,878,001 Thais 86% [48]
 Vietnam 96,208,984 Vietnamese 85.3% [49]
 Somalia 15,893,219 Somalis 85% [50]
 Turkmenistan 6,031,187 Turkmens 85% [51]

Unrecognized states and dependent territories

Country Population Dominant group % Ref
 Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh) 145,053 Armenians 99.7% [52][53]
 Northern Cyprus 265,100 Turkish Cypriots 99.2% [54]
 Somaliland 3,500,000 Somalis
 99%
 [55]
 Hong Kong 7,249,907 Han Chinese 92% [56]
 Kosovo 1,935,259 Albanians 92% [57]
 Greenland 55,877 Inuit 89.7% [58]
 South Ossetia 53,532 Ossetians 89.9% [59]
 Macau 614,458 Han Chinese 88.7% [60]
 Åland 379,270 Ålanders 86.5% [61]

See also

References

  1. ^ Osamu Arakaki (2008), Refugee Law and Practice in Japan, Ashgate Publishing, p. 36, ISBN 978-0754670094
  2. ^ (in Japanese) [1] Archived 14 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine 平成２４年末現在における外国人登録者統計について].
  3. ^ "Trying to teach South Korea about discrimination", The Los Angeles Times, 24 February 2009
  4. ^ Gary Dempsey (2002), Exiting the Balkan Thicket, Cato Institute, pp. 91–, ISBN 978-1-930865-17-4
  5. ^ Maldives Enthnography, Maldives-ethnography.com, archived from the original on 16 January 2013, retrieved 30 June 2010{{citation}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  6. ^ CIA World Factbook. 2016.
  7. ^ DPR Korea 2008 Population Census: National Report (PDF), Pyongyang: Central Bureau of Statistics, 2009, archived from the original (PDF) on 14 May 2011, retrieved 2 October 2014
  8. ^ "The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency", www.cia.gov, retrieved 12 October 2017
  9. ^ Africa :: EGYPT, CIA The World Factbook, 27 September 2021
  10. ^ "Morocco in CIA World Factbook", CIA.gov, 23 September 2021
  11. ^ "Cyprus", The World Factbook, CIA, 23 September 2021, Greek 98.8%, other 1% (includes Maronite, Armenian, Turkish-Cypriot), unspecified 0.2% (2011 est.)
  12. ^ Haarmann, Harald (1986), Language in Ethnicity: A View of Basic Ecological Relations, Walter de Gruyter, p. 209, ISBN 9783110862805, Japan is widely believed to be a monolingual country with a monoethnic population...
  13. ^ Henders, Susan J. (2006). Democratization and Identity: Regimes and Ethnicity in East and Southeast Asia. Lexington Books. p. 117. ISBN 9780739107676. Many Japanese take it for granted that they live in a monoethnic society...
  14. ^ Fackler, Martin (29 May 2015). "Biracial Beauty Queen Challenges Japan's Self-Image". The New York Times. ...a country that still regards itself as mono-ethnic.
  15. ^ "Japan", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 29 September 2021
  16. ^ Abrahamian, Levon (2006), Armenian identity in a changing world, Mazda Publishers, p. 19, ISBN 9781568591858, ...the practically monoethnic Armenian Republic...
  17. ^ Department of International Relations Association (1997). Gotchev, Atanas (ed.). The New European security architecture and issues of early warning and conflict prevention. Albatros. p. 110. Thus Armenia became the most mono-ethnic country in the CIS and the Middle East.
  18. ^ Cornell, Svante (2005). Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus. Routledge. p. 129. ISBN 9781135796693. Whereas Armenia is now basically a mono- ethnic state...
  19. ^ "2011թ. հոկտեմբերի 12-21-ը Հայաստանի Հանրապետությունում անցկացված մարդահամարի արդյունքները [Results of the 2011 October 12-21 census in Armenia]" (PDF), armstat.am (in Armenian), National Statistical Service of Armenia, p. 144, archived from the original (PDF) on 12 March 2016
  20. ^ Africa :: ALGERIA, CIA The World Factbook, 27 September 2021
  21. ^ "Minority Rights and the Republic of Albania: Missing the Implementation", lup.lub.lu.se, p. 11, From the ethnic point of view, according to the Albanian government's reports, 98 percent of the population is Albanian and only two percent consist of Greek, Macedonian, Montenegrin recognized as national Minorities and Roma, Aromaninan recognized as ethnic - linguistic Minorities by the Albanian state.
  22. ^ "Tunisia", The World Factbook, CIA, 27 September 2021, Arab 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1%
  23. ^ "Hungarian census 2011 - final data and methodology" (PDF), ksh.hu, Hungarian Central Statistical Office
  24. ^ World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations, archived from the original on 19 September 2016, retrieved 18 September 2017
  25. ^ বাংলাদেশকে জানুন | People's Republic of Bangladesh | গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ সরকার, Bangladesh.gov.bd, retrieved 16 February 2020
  26. ^ Middle East :: JORDAN, CIA The World Factbook, retrieved 13 August 2016
  27. ^ Skutsch, Carl (7 November 2013), Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities, Routledge, ISBN 9781135193881
  28. ^ Fishman, Joshua A. (1993), The Earliest Stage of Language Planning: The "first Congress" Phenomenon, Walter de Gruyter, p. 219, ISBN 9783110135305, After World War II Poland has become a primarily monoethnic...
  29. ^ Cienski, Jan (9 May 2013). "Coming soon to Poland – Vietnamese banking". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2016. Monoethnic and monocultural Poland...
  30. ^ "Poland", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 22 September 2021
  31. ^ "Ethnic Minorities And Immigrants in South Korea", WorldAtlas, retrieved 12 October 2017
  32. ^ "The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency", www.cia.gov, retrieved 7 November 2017
  33. ^ Lebanon - the World Factbook, 23 September 2021
  34. ^ O'Regan, David (27 January 2004), International Auditing: Practical Resource Guide, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 9780471476955
  35. ^ "Haiti Population 2019", World Population Review
  36. ^ "The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency", www.cia.gov, retrieved 12 October 2017
  37. ^ "The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency", www.cia.gov, retrieved 28 November 2018
  38. ^ "The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency", www.cia.gov, retrieved 12 October 2017
  39. ^ "The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency", www.cia.gov, retrieved 28 November 2018
  40. ^ Censuses of Republic of Azerbaijan 1979, 1989, 1999, 2009, archived from the original on 30 November 2012
  41. ^ "National Institute of Statistics(Italy)", demo.istat.it (in Italian), archived from the original on 6 August 2017, retrieved 28 November 2018
  42. ^ "Croatia", The World Factbook, CIA, retrieved 16 February 2020
  43. ^ Cambodia, Central Intelligence Agency, 23 September 2021 – via CIA.gov
  44. ^ Romanian 2011 census (final results) (PDF) (in Romanian), INSSE, archived (PDF) from the original on 17 July 2013, retrieved 28 August 2012
  45. ^ "Population (by estimate) as of 1 February 2021.", ukrcensus.gov.ua, archived from the original on 6 March 2021, retrieved 24 March 2021
  46. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). geostat.ge. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  47. ^ Udenrigsministeriet (10 September 1997), Bekendtgørelse af ILO-konvention nr. 169 af 28. juni 1989 vedrørende oprindelige folk og stammefolk i selvstændige stater, retrieved 14 May 2022
  48. ^ John Draper; Joel Sawat Selway (January 2019), "A New Dataset on Horizontal Structural Ethnic Inequalities in Thailand in Order to Address Sustainable Development Goal 10", Social Indicators Research, 141 (4): 284, doi:10.1007/s11205-019-02065-4, S2CID 149845432, retrieved 6 February 2020
  49. ^ Report on Results of the 2019 Census, General Statistics Office of Vietnam, retrieved 1 May 2020
  50. ^ Population Estimation Survey 2014: For the 18 pre-war regions of Somalia (PDF), UNFPA, October 2014, p. 22, retrieved 21 April 2020
  51. ^ Central Asia :: TURKMENISTAN, CIA The World Factbook, 23 September 2021
  52. ^ De Jure Population (Urban, Rural) by Age and Ethnicity (PDF), National Statistical Service of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, archived from the original (PDF) on 3 October 2008, retrieved 11 November 2012
  53. ^ The de facto controlled area by the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic: De Jure Population by Administrative Territorial Distribution and Density (PDF), National Statistical Service of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2009, retrieved 12 July 2013
  54. ^ Tablo – 8 : Yaş Grubu, Milliyet ve Cinsiyete Göre Sürekli İkamet Eden (de-jure) KKTC Vatandaşı Nüfus. TOPLAM, archived from the original on 14 March 2016, retrieved 12 February 2019
  55. ^ "A look at Somaliland between clan politics, regional turmoil and November elections", New Internationalist, 1 October 2017, retrieved 12 July 2021
  56. ^ "Hong Kong", The World Factbook, CIA, retrieved 16 February 2020
  57. ^ "Kosovo Population 2019". 28 July 2019. Archived from the original on 28 July 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  58. ^ "North America :: Greenland – The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency", www.cia.gov, retrieved 7 February 2020
  59. ^ South Ossetia – Ethnic composition: 2015 census, archived from the original on 6 July 2018, retrieved 16 July 2018
  60. ^ "Macau", The World Factbook, CIA, retrieved 9 June 2020
  61. ^ "Väestö 31.12. muuttujina Maakunta, Kieli, Ikä, Sukupuoli, Vuosi ja Tiedot", Tilastokeskuksen PxWeb-tietokannat[permanent dead link]
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