RAF Bovingdon

Royal Air Force Station Bovingdon USAAF Station 112
Located Near Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, England
Bovingdon Airfield -1 April 1946
Type	Military airfield
Coordinates	51.72722°N 0.54333°W / 51.72722; -0.54333
Location code	BV/BZ
Built	1940
In use	1941-1969
Controlled by	Royal Air Force United States Army Air Forces
Garrison	RAF Bomber Command Eighth Air Force
Battles/wars	European Theatre of World War II Air Offensive, Europe July 1942 - May 1945 RAF Bovingdon RAF Bovingdon shown within Hertfordshire (grid reference TL010040)

RAF Bovingdon was a Royal Air Force station, located to the west of Bovingdon, two and a half miles (4 kilometres) south of Hemel Hempstead (its principal neighbour) and two and a half miles south east of Berkhamsted, in Hertfordshire, UK.

During World War II, the airfield was used by the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) Eighth Air Force. It was assigned USAAF designation Station 112, station code "BV", later changed to "BZ".

RAF use

Bovingdon was built in 1941/42 as a standard Class A RAF bomber airfield. The main NE/SW runway was 1,634 yards (1,494 m) long and the two secondary runways were 1,433 yd (1,310 m) long each. Over 30 dispersal hardstandings were built.

On 15 June 1942, No. 7 Group, RAF Bomber Command took up residence at Bovingdon. Operational missions were flown in June and July by the RAF until the field was turned over to the USAAF in August.

USAAF use

92nd Bombardment Group (Heavy)

The first USAAF tenant at Bovingdon was the 92nd Bombardment Group (Heavy), being deployed from Sarasota AAF Florida. The group was known as "Fame's Favorite Few", and it was assigned to the 4th Combat Wing, at RAF Thurleigh. The group tail code was a "Triangle B". Its operational squadrons were:

• 325th Bombardment Squadron (NV)
• 326th Bombardment Squadron (JW)
• 327th Bombardment Squadron (UX)
• 407th Bombardment Squadron (PY)

The 92nd flew a few two combat missions in September and October 1942, then was assigned the role of a B-17 Flying Fortress Combat Crew Replacement Unit (CCRU). In January 1943, the 92nd was transferred to RAF Alconbury where it was reformed as an operational combat group.

11th Combat Crew Replacement Unit

Although the 92nd Bomb Group departed for Alconbury, the 326th Bomb Squadron of the 92nd remained at Bovingdon to form the core of 11th Combat Crew Replacement Unit. The training was performed on the B-17E aircraft, and most combat crews of 8th Air Force bombing units for the balance of the war received their introduction before moving on to their operational bases. Although based at Bovingdon, the 326th remained under the operational control of the 92nd at Alconbury until May 1943.

Along with its training role, Bovingdon housed the Eighth Air Force Headquarters and the Air Technical Section, both equipped with a variety of aircraft types. General Eisenhower's personal B-17 was housed on the base.

During World War II, several film stars were assigned at one time or another to the base, including Clark Gable, James Stewart and William Holden. Among famous wartime visitors were Bob Hope, Frances Langford, Mrs Eleanor Roosevelt, and Glenn Miller.

In September 1944 the 11th CCRU was disbanded and Bovingdon became the base for the European Air Transport Service. Many thousands of Americans returned to the States via the air terminal.

Postwar uses

At the end of the war, Bovingdon was returned to RAF control on 15 April 1947. The British Ministry of Civil Aviation obtained the airfield for civilian airline use. On 15 September 1949, Bovingdon was the start point for a successful record air speed attempt by a de Havilland Hornet to and from Gibraltar.

Because of its elevation, Bovingdon was often clear when Heathrow Airport and RAF Northolt were fog-bound and, during the winter months especially, Bovingdon was used by British European Airways (BEA). British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) used Bovingdon as a maintenance facility and numerous other independent aircraft operators used the former technical site during the postwar years.

During the 1950s both civilian and military organizations used Bovingdon. The proximity of the USAF Third Air Force Headquarters at RAF South Ruislip and HQ RAF Fighter Command at Bentley Priory made Bovingdon the ideal location for service aircraft.

The USAF returned to Bovingdon on 25 May 1951, with the establishment of the 7531st Air Base Squadron. C-47 Skytrains were assigned to the unit, however many transitory USAF planes used the airfield routinely. In addition, the RAF operated the Fighter Command Communications Squadron on the base. In 1962, the USAF departed from Bovingdon. During the 60s, RAF Transport Command (Southern Communications Squadron) operated Anson, Devon, Pembroke and latterly Basset aircraft from Bovingdon. In the 1960s the base was home to the last flight of Anson Mk 21 aircraft, descended from a World War II design.

Also in the 1960s, Bovingdon was used in the production of four World War II films, The War Lover (1961); 633 Squadron (1964) The Battle of Britain (1968) and Mosquito Squadron (1969). In addition it was a location for at least one episode of The Avengers TV series starring Patrick Macnee and Diana Rigg. [1]

Although flying ceased at the airfield in 1969, some flying scenes for the film Hanover Street were shot there in 1978.

Closure and civilian use

In 1968, the Ministry of Defence (MOD) announced that Bovingdon would be closed for budgetary reasons, and in 1972 the airfield was shut down. All MOD property, except a small housing facility was disposed of by 1976.

In the early 1980s, flying returned to the airfield in the form first of hang-glider tow-launching (using a truck-mounted pay-out winch) and then microlight aircraft, mainly of the 'Trike/hang-glider' type. Some Bovingdonians complained on the grounds of "noise" and "danger". After local inquiry, the Ombudsman narrowly decided against allowing flying to continue. At that time the combined control tower and fire-tender garage were in 'reasonable structural condition' but deliberately^{[citation needed]} damaged a few years later by earthmoving equipment, thereafter making restoration highly unlikely. The remains of the control tower were demolished in August, 2010^{[citation needed]}.

An area of the former technical site was transferred to HM Prison Service for use as a prison, called 'The Mount' which opened in 1987.

The airfield site still houses a VOR navigational beacon, code BNN. The airspace above the airfield and nearby Chesham is known as the Bovingdon stack and is a holding area for aircraft approaching Heathrow Airport, 20 miles (32 km) to the south. Aircraft are requested to join the hold, typically at an altitude of 14000-16000 feet, and then fly a 'race-track' pattern around the Bovingdon VOR beacon, separated at intervals of 1000 feet from other aircraft. Each aircraft is then instructed to descend to a lower available altitude as the lowest aircraft leaves the hold to make its final approach to Heathrow. At busy times, therefore, there may be up to 9 aircraft holding at the available 1000 foot separations between 8000 feet and 16000 feet and these may be seen circling overhead on a clear day.

The remainder of the airfield site is used for a regular Saturday market and there was also a permanent circuit for banger racing which closed in September 2008. The main runway and taxiways which are still intact though in a poor state of repair, are also sometimes used for other events such as the occasional car rally. Also alongside a runway is a Delta Force Paintballing Facility. The ruins of the control tower also remain.

The airfield has also been used for concrete-crushing, again creating concern in Bovingdon Parish Council, who have tried to stop it, citing 'noise'^{[citation needed]}.

See also

• List of RAF stations

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Air Force Historical Research Agency.

• Maurer Maurer, Air Force Combat Units Of World War II, Office of Air Force History, 1983
• Freeman, Roger A., Airfields Of The Eighth, Then And Now, 1978
• Freeman, Roger A., The Mighty Eighth, The Colour Record, 1991
• Maurer Maurer, Air Force Combat Units Of World War II, Office of Air Force History, 1983
• USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers--1908 to present

External links

• Bovingdon at controltowers.co.uk