Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park
| Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park | |
|---|---|
 Gravestones in Tower Hamlets Cemetery | |
 | |
| Details | |
| Established | 1841 |
| Location | |
| Country | England |
| Coordinates | 51°31′25″N 0°01′50″W / 51.52367°N 0.03042°W |
| Type | Public |
| Owned by | Tower Hamlets London Borough Council |
| Size | 10.93 hectares (27.0 acres)[1] |
| No. of interments | 350,000 |
| Website | Friends website |
Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park is a historic cemetery located in the Mile End area of London, E3 and is in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets and Bow in the East End of London. The cemetery opened in 1841 and closed for burials in 1966. It is regarded as one of the seven great cemeteries of the time (now known as the "Magnificent Seven"). It was originally named The City of London and Tower Hamlets Cemetery but was called Bow Cemetery by locals.
It is now a nature reserve, and other land has been added to the park, including "Scrapyard Meadow".
Location
The Main Gate is on Southern Grove (on the crossing with Hamlets Way). There are also small gates on Hamlet Way and Cantrell Road. The nearest tube stations are Mile End and Bow Road.
History
Before the Victorian Era, all of London's dead were buried in small urban churchyards, which were so overcrowded and so close to where people lived, worked and worshipped that they were causing disease and ground water contamination.
An Act of Parliament was passed which allowed joint-stock companies to purchase land and set up large cemeteries outside the boundaries of the City of London. There were seven great cemeteries (the "Magnificent Seven") laid out about the same time (1832–41). Highgate Cemetery, where lots of famous dignitaries are buried, is the most well known: the others are Nunhead, West Norwood, Kensal Green, Brompton, Abney Park.
The City of London and Tower Hamlets Cemetery Company was made up of eleven wealthy directors whose occupations reflect the industries of the day: corn merchant, merchant ship broker and ship owner, timber merchant, and Lord Mayor of the City of London. The company bought 27 acres (109,265 m2) of land and the cemetery was divided into a consecrated part for Anglican burials and an unconsecrated part for all other denominations.
Tower Hamlets Cemetery was formally consecrated by the Bishop of London on Saturday 4 September 1841 prior to being opened for the reception of bodies. The cemetery was consecrated in the morning, the first burial took place in the afternoon.[2]
Tower Hamlets Cemetery was very popular with people from the East End and by 1889 247,000 bodies had been interred (the cemetery remained open for another 77 years). In the first two years 60% of the burials were in public graves and by 1851 this had increased to 80%. Public graves were the property of the company and were used to bury those whose families could not afford to buy a plot. Several persons, entirely unrelated to each other, could be buried in the same grave within the space of a few weeks. There are stories of some graves being dug 40 feet deep and containing up to 30 bodies.
The cemetery itself did not remain in a tidy and elegant state for long. Only 55 years after it was opened it was reported to be in a neglected state. During the Second World War the cemetery was bombed five times during raids on the City of London; both cemetery chapels were damaged[3] and shrapnel damage can be seen on the graves by the 1994 Soanes Centre in the north-west corner of the park. Burials continued taking place until 1966, when the Greater London Council (G.L.C.) bought the company for £100,000 under the G.L.C.(General Powers) Act and the ground was closed for burials. The intention was to create an open space for the public and relevant parts of the cemetery were freed from the effects of consecration. In October 1967 a further £125,000 was spent clearing the chapels and 0.68 acres (2,752 m2) of graves. Strong local opposition and problems of funding stopped the clearance.
Today
Tower Hamlets London Borough Council took over the ownership of the park in 1986. It was declared a Local Nature Reserve in May 2000 along with adjacent open land on Cantrell Road and Ackroyd Drive. It has also been designated as Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation and a Conservation area. The high brick walls which surround it are on the national register of listed buildings as are 7 individual memorials (all Grade II).[4]
The Friends of Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park (FoTHCp) are a group of locals who came together in 1990 because they were concerned over the increasing neglect by successive owners. Their main objectives are to encourage greater use of this inner urban green space as a sanctuary for people and a place of biodiversity. The "friends" manage the park under a service-level agreement with the Borough.[5]
The park has been designated a Local Nature Reserve.[6][7] The cemetery now resembles natural woodland, with many bird and insect species making it their home, although there are still a large amount of gravestones and funerary monuments. A leaflet produced by "the friends" will take you round the reserve and some of the more notable graves.[8][9]
Soanes Centre
The Soanes Centre is the base of Setpoint London East, an organisation that provides workshops, promoting science and technology, for primary and secondary students. The building is located immediately to the right of the entrance on Southern Grove, opposite the grave of the Soanes family. The centre is also the home of The Friends of Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park.
Notable burials
Those who are buried or have memorials here include:
- Charlie Brown - publican of the Railway Tavern
- Major John Buckley VC - soldier and one of the first recipients of the Victoria Cross, for his bravery in the Indian Rebellion of 1857
- Will Crooks - Trade unionist, leader in the London dock strike of 1889 and first Labour Mayor of Poplar
- Clara Grant OBE, nicknamed "The Bundle Woman of Bow", educator and social reformer, a local primary school is named after her[10]. She was also the founder of the Fern Street settlement.[11]
- Alexander Hurley - Singer and comedian, second husband of Marie Lloyd
- Charles Jamrach - Animal supplier to P. T. Barnum and others.
- Alfred Linnel - Trampled by a police horse during a demonstration in Trafalgar Square. His funeral was organised by Annie Besant and William Morris
- Dr Rees Ralph Llewellyn - Performed autopsy on Mary Ann Nichols, generally considered the first victim of Jack the Ripper, in the family grave
- Robert McLachlan - early entomologist
- Henry Norris - Civil Engineer, involved with lighthouse (re)construction projects
- John Northey, who died in the Princess Alice disaster in 1878
- Hannah Maria Purcell - Widow of William Purcell, carpenter of HMS Bounty
- John "White Hat" Willis - son of John "Jock" Willis (known as Old Stormy Willis), founder of Jock Willis Shipping Line (a ship owning firm that owned, among others, the Cutty Sark)
Others
- Some victims of the Bethnal Green Disaster
- Monument to children who were in the care of the charity of Thomas Barnardo and were buried elsewhere in the cemetery in unmarked graves[12]
- Graves of the Charterhouse Brothers, Carthusian monks who lived in the London Charterhouse
- French graves, French workers who came to London to help refine gold from the Australian gold rushes, the Rothchilds had already been refining gold in Paris
- The Blitz Memorial, a memorial to those who died in The Blitz, the memorial is made out of bricks from properties damaged in the Blitz
- The Westwood Monument[13] . Joseph Westwood (both father and son) were involved in the iron industry, namely the building of ships and other constructions made of iron[14][15]
- The War Memorial, located near the entrance on Southern Grove
War Graves
There are 279 Commonwealth service personnel of both World Wars buried here, the names of all being listed on bronze panels on a screen wall memorial near the entrance on Southern Grove, as are those of four Dutch merchant seamen. Nine British merchant seamen are buried here who were killed when their ship, SS Bennevis, was hit by a high explosive bomb on 7 September 1940, while berthed in the West India Docks, during an air raid in World War II.[3][16]
References
- ^ "Tower Hamlets A - Z of Parks". Tower Hamlets Council. n.d. Retrieved 29 September 2013.
- ^ According to the leaflet produced by the Friends of Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park
- ^ a b [1] CWGC Cemetery Report.
- ^ The Historic England website
- ^ The FoTHCp website
- ^ "Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park". Local Nature Reserves. Natural England. 31 July 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
- ^ "Map of Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park". Local Nature Reserves. Natural England. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
- ^ Leaflet produced by FoTHCp - map
- ^ Leaflet produced by FoTHCp - description
- ^ Clara Grant on the Clara Grant Primary School website
- ^ The Fern Street Settlement website
- ^ Newspaper article in the Evening Standard
- ^ The Westwood Monument on the Find a Grave website
- ^ Joseph Westwood, senior in Graces Guide
- ^ Joseph Westwood, junior in Graces Guide
- ^ The Thames on Fire: The Battle of London River 1939-1945; Bates, L.M.; T. Dalton; 1985; 189 pages; ISBN 9780861380374
External links
- Tower Hamlets Council Parks Web-site
- Friends of Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park
- The Cemetery on Find-a-Grave, including a listing of many interments
51°31′24″N 0°01′36″W / 51.5232°N 0.0267°W
