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This is a list of people who have acted as official executioners .
In 1870 the Republic of France abolished all local executioners and named the executioner of Alger, Antoine Rasseneux, Éxécuteur des Arrêts Criminels en Algérie, which became France's official description of the executioner's of Algeria occupation. From there on there would be one only executioner to carry out death sentences for entire Algeria. Since the colony's executioner had obligatorily to live in Alger, people soon started to refer to him as to the "Monsieur d'Alger", "The Mister from Alger". At the occasion of his nomination, Rasseneux could chose four among France's and Algeria's former local executioners to be his aides.
In 1870 the Republic of France abolished all local executioners and named the executioner of Paris, Jean-François Heidenreich, Éxécuteur des Arrêts Criminels, which became France's official description of the executioner's occupation. From there on there would be one only executioner to carry out death sentences for entire France. Since the Republic's executioner had obligatorily to live in Paris, people soon started to refer to him as to the "Monsieur de Paris", "The Mister from Paris". At the occasion of his nomination, Heidenreich could chose four among France's former local executioners to be his aides.
Other
Cayenne Central Prison had its own guillotine but has never used it. All death sentences were carried out at the Bagne in Saint-Laurent were the local condemned to death were transported to. So there currently seems no way to know if except at the Bagne French Guyana has even ever had an executioner at least officially.
All executioners of Saint-Laurent were Bagne inmates themselves.
[[]]
-1898
Isidore Hespel
1898-1921 (nicked "Le Chacal" by the other inmates)
Bonnefoy
1921-1923 (nicked "Charlot" by the other inmates)
Louis Ladurelle
1923-1937
[[]]
1937-1943 (nicked "Mouche à Bœuf" by the other inmates)
Mannäi
~20 a.C. (Machaerus )
Schelm von Bergen
mid 12th century (Frankfurt /Main )
? Hans
~1370 (Frankfurt /Main )
? Vicko
1372-1384 (Hamburg )
Peter Funcke
1384-1402? (Hamburg )
? Rosenfeld
~1402 (Hamburg )
? Friedrich
~1446 (Frankfurt /Main )
Hans Maurer
~1446 (Heilbronn )
Hans Wintter
1460-1470 (Nürnberg )
Dietrich Brenner
~1469 (Nördlingen )
Johann Hagedorn
1471- (Hamburg )
Hans ?
~1479 (Nürnberg )
Michael Dannenberg
-1485 (Hamburg )
Klaus Flügge
1485-1488 (Hamburg )
? Peter
~1486 (Eger )
? Vit
~1500 (Hannover )
Ulrich Tucher
~1515 (Nördlingen )
Hinrich Penningk
1521-1528 (Hamburg )
? Gilg
1525 (Nürnberg )
Claus Rose
1528-1547? (Hamburg )
Benedictus Barsch
1535-1560 (Berlin )
? Schmidt
~1537 (Bamberg )
Hans ?
1537 (Wittstock )
Veit Stolz
1538-1613 (Augsburg )
? Adelarius
-1539 (Bremen )
? Kester
-1544 (Thann [disambiguation needed ] in Bavaria )
Heinrich Wendeborn
1547-1576 (Hamburg )
Hans Leycham
1553-1561? (Memmingen )
Conrat Raab
1557-1565 (Nördlingen )
Hermann Rüter , or Hartmann Rüter
1560-1571 (Berlin )
Hans Deibler
1561-1571 (Memmingen )
Conrad Fischer
1565-1568 (Nördlingen )
Franz Joseph Wohlmuth
~1566 (Cologne )
Joas Lemler
~1567 (Augsburg )
Ulrich Fischer
1568- (Nördlingen )
Jakob Deibler (also Teübler)
1571- (Memmingen )
Hans Deibler
1572-1594 (Augsburg )
Jörg Abriel (also Georg Abrellen )
1572-1594? (Schongau )
Franz Schmidt (also known as Meister Franz )
1572-1617 (Nuremberg ; was the first executioner to ever write a book about his "work"; deceased 1634)
Friedrich ? (also known as Meister Friedrich )
1575-1611 (Ansbach )
Caspar Spiegel
1576-1586 (Berlin )
Jürgen Böhme
1576-1612? (Hamburg )
? Philipp
~1581 (Eger )
Jakob Stangel
1583- (Schwabmünchen )
Dietrich Jeck
~1586 (Bötzow , Oranienburg )
Martin Heintze
1586-? (Berlin )
Jonas Fischer
-1590 (Frankfurt /Main )
Michael Deibler
1594-1621 (Augsburg )
Andreas Tinel
~1600 (Ohlau )
Heyland family
1600- (Leipzig )
? Heintze (known as Sohn des Torgauers )
16..? (Bitterfeld )
Martin Heintze
~1606 (Wrietzen )
Bartholme Deibler (also Teubler)
1607- (Memmingen )
? Ingermann
~1609 (Helmstedt )
Max Graf
1612-1621 (Hamburg )
Bernhard Schlegel
1617- (Nürnberg )
Kaspar Neithart
~1618 (Passau ))
Christoph Hain
~1621 (Leipzig )
Dietrich Metz
1621-1624? (Augsburg )
Valtin Matz
1622-1639 (Hamburg )
Georg Leichumb
1624-1629 (Augsburg )
Marx Deibler (also Max Deubler )
~1625 (Donauwörth )
Hans Kuisl
-1627 (Schongau )
Hans Enderes Abrel
~1628 (Markt Oberdorf )
Albert Möller
-1630 (Husum )
Philipp Möller
-1630 (Husum )
? von Dreißigacker
1630-1647 (Dresden )
Hans Lissen
1631-1636 (Berlin )
Gottfried Zürek
1636-1639 (Berlin )
Barthel Deibler (also Deübler)
~1637 (Biberach [disambiguation needed ] )
Michael Schiler
-1639 (Holzen )
Johann Vollmar
~1639 (Dillingen [disambiguation needed ] )
? Gebhart (or Gevert?)
1639-? (Hamburg )
? Gebhart
1639-1653 (Berlin )
Jakob Bickle
~1640 (Donauwörth )
two brothers Metz)
~1640 (Weißenhorn )
Caspar Vollmer
-1640 (Öttingen )
? Kühn
-1641 (Görlitz )
Valentin Deusser
-1641 (Nürnberg , just a few months)
Georg Abrellen
-1643 (Schongau )
Philipp Deibler (also Deubler)
1643- (Öttingen )
Georg Vollmar
~1644 (Burglengenfeld )
Andreas Boden
~1644 (Frankenstein )
? Span
~1644 (Dinkelsbühl )
Matthäus Perger
1645- (Nürnberg )
Hans Rudolff
1647-1655 (Berlin )
Heintze (known as Sohn des Torgauers )
mid-17th century (Lentzen )
Sühr family
~1650-1750 (Celle )
Johann Fuchs
~1650 (Öttingen , deceased 1672)
Matheus Fux (also Matheiß Fux )
1656-1696 (Memmingen )
Bartholomaeus Abrel
-1652 (Günzburg )
Johann Vollmar
~1652 (Lauingen )
Ismael Asthusen I.
1653-1664 (Hamburg )
Gottfried ?
1655 (Berlin )
Caspar Götze
1655-1669 (Berlin )
Andreas Kuisl
1655-1678 (Markt Oberdorf )
Berthin Aberel
-1659 (Günzburg )
Hans Abril
~1659 (Kaufbeuren )
Bickel family
1660-1691 (Markus Bickel , then Jakob Bickel , then Andreas Bickel , then Johannes Bickel ; Stuttgart )
Berthold Deutschmann
1664-1674 (Hamburg )
Georg Kuisl
~1665 (Kempten )
Hans Conrad Näher
-1666 (Kaufbeuren )
Hans Conrad Näher
1666- (Ulm )
Georg Vollmer
1668- (Öttingen )
Hans Müller
1669-1680 (Berlin )
Jakob Stoeff
1674-1685 (Hamburg )
Hans Jerg Defner
~1677 (Nördlingen )
Carl Fuchs
~1677 (Wassertüdingen )
Max Philipp Hartmann
1677-1679 (Augsburg )
Andreas Kuisl
1678- (Sonthofen )
Dietrich Deigentesch
~1680 (Ulm )
Heinrich Müller
1681-1690 (Berlin )
Hans Jakob Kuisl
1683-1696 (Schongau )
Christoph Seitz
~1685 (Kaufbeuren )
Ismael Asthusen II.
1685-1703 (Hamburg )
Melchior Vogel
-1695 (Dresden )
Johann Adam Hartmann
1686-1706 (Augsburg )
Georg Schöppelen
1690- (Öttingen )
Martin Koblentz
1690-1702 (Berlin )
? Hansen (known as “Dr. Hansen ”)
-1694 (Siegburg )
? Heintze
before 1695 (Torgau ; father of Leipzig hangman Christoph Heintze )
Christoph Heintze
-1695 (Leipzig )
Polster family
1695- (Leipzig )
Conrad Fux
~1696 (Memmingen )
Andreas Klingensteiner
~1701 (Kempten )
Hans Michael Eichfeld
1702-1705 (Berlin )
Ismael Asthusen III.
1703-1722 (Hamburg )
Johann Michael Kopp
1703-1753 (Sonthofen )
Johann Jakob Scheller
~1705 (Augsburg )
Conrad Fuchs
~1705 (Kaufbeuren )
Augustin Konrad Walter
1705-1710 (Berlin )
Barthlome Abrell
-1707 (Günzburg )
Johann Michael Klingensteiner
1707-17.. (Günzburg )
? Deigentesch
-1708 (Kempten )
Hans Michael Eichfeld
1710-1714 (Berlin )
? Fischer
~1711 (Babenhausen )
Hans Kuisl
1711-1734 (Schongau )
? Kuisle
-1714 (Augsburg )
Wilhelm Kober
-1714 (Markt Oberdorf )
Christopf Stoff
1714 (Berlin )
? Neumann
1714-1719 (Berlin )
Franz Trenckhler
1714-1723 (Augsburg )
Nikolaus Kober
1714-1763 (Markt Oberdorf )
Johannes Seitz
~1715 (Kaufbeuren )
Johann Adam Scheller
1718- (Pfaffenhausen )
Johann Michael Kober
~1720 (Donauwörth )
Jakob Bayr
~1720 (Füssen )
Mattheß Fux
~1720 (Kaufbeuren )
Johann Fuchs
-1720 (Memmingen )
Johann Conrad Nejer
~1720 (Memmingen )
Johann Fuchs
~1720 (Regensburg )
Leonhard Tallhover
~1720 (Schwabmünchen )
Adolph Grossholz
~1720 (Stuttgart )
Georg Wilhelm
1720-1728 (Berlin )
? Pickel (also Bickel)
~1722 (Kiel )
Johann Trenkler
~1722 (Schönegg )
Franz Wilhelm Hennings I.
1722-? (1735?) (Hamburg )
? Polster
~1723 (Borna )
Johann Georg Tränckler
1723-1730 (Augsburg )
Johann Christoph Jeck
1729-1730 (Bernau [disambiguation needed ] )
Martin Hennings
1729-1731 (Berlin )
Johann Adam Scheller
~1730 (Augsburg )
? Michaelis
1730-1740 (Bernau [disambiguation needed ] )
Martin Weydemann
~1731 (Berlin )
Johann Seitz
~1732 (Kaufbeuren )
Johann Michael Weydenkeller
1732-1757 (Kaufbeuren )
Georg Vollmair
~1734 (Burgau )
Jakob Kuisl
1735- (Schongau )
Johann Christian Göppel
1738- (Bremen )
Johann Michael Widmann
1738-1757 (Nürnberg )
? Schmidt
~1740 (Schrobenhausen )
Martin Gottlieb Koch
1740-1747 (Bernau [disambiguation needed ] )
? Widemann
1743-1767 (Memmingen )
Gottfried Weydemann
1745-1748 (Berlin )
? Fritz
~1747 (Halle [disambiguation needed ] )
Andreas Kleine
1747-? (Bernau [disambiguation needed ] )
Jakob Kratzel
1748-1752 (Berlin )
Steinmeyer family
~1750 (Haigerloch )
Johann Georg Widmann
1751-1781 (Schongau )
? Meyer
1752-1769 (Berlin )
Johannes Georg Kopp
1753-1801? (Sonthofen )
Johann Christoph Neumann
1756- (Königsberg , today Kaliningrad )
? Huß
~1760 (Brüx )
Martin ?
~1760 (Munich )
Wilm Kober
1763-1786 (Markt Oberdorf )
Jakob Steinmeyer
1764- (Haigerloch )
Johann Klingensteiner
-1765 (Günzburg )
Ismael Asthusen IV.
17??-1767 (Hamburg )
Franz Wilhelm Hennigs II.
1767-1773 (Hamburg )
Johann Georg Tränckhler
~1768 (Augsburg )
Johann Daniel Brandt
1769-1808 (Berlin )
Heinrich Widmann
~1772 (Memmingen )
Jakob Bickel
~1773 (Memmingen )
Franz Wilhelm Hennings III.
1773 (Hamburg )
Franz Wilhelm Hennings IV.
1773-1790 (Hamburg )
Johann Georg Fux
1773- (Kaufbeuren )
Josef Anton Klingensteiner
~1775 (Günzburg )
Johann Michael Widemann
~1777 (Memmingen )
Heinrich Widmann
~1778 (Memmingen )
Xaver Steinmeyer
~1779 (Haigerloch )
August Heinrich Kaufmann
1780-1802 (Bernau [disambiguation needed ] )
? Huß
-1781 (Eger )
Karl Huß
1781-1827 (Eger )
Johann Georg Igel
-1783 (Waal )
Franz Xaver Igel
1783- (Waal )
Josef Benedikt Kuisl
1783-1807 (Schongau )
Baptist Trinkler
~1786 (Markt Oberdorf )
Jakob Igel
~1787 (Weißenhorn )
Johann Pflügler
-1789, suicided 1790 (Augsburg )
Franz Wilhelm Hennings V.
1790-1822 (Hamburg )
Josef Igel
~1798 (Weißenhorn )
? Stein
~1800 (Landeck /Silesia )
? Rörle
-1800 (Schwabmünchen )
Remigus Metz
1801- (Sonthofen )
Johann Hörmann
1802-1833 (Donauwörth )
Carl Friedrich Kaufmann
1802-1836? (Bernau [disambiguation needed ] )
Johann Michael Kuisl
18??- (last hangman of Schongau ?)
Friedrich Krafft
1808-1819 (Alt-Brandenburg )
Christian Friedrich Krafft
1808-1819 (Berlin )
? Nord
~1812 (Heideberg )
Martin Hörmann
1813-1841 (Munich )
? Voss
~1817 (Dühnen )
? Funcke
~1818 (Braunschweig )
? Funke
~1818 (Hannover )
August Hellriegel
1818-1834 (Berlin )
Franz Wilhelm Hennings VI.
1822-1830 (Hamburg )
Lorenz Scheller
1829-1854 (Munich )
Raphael Georg Voigt
1830-1852 (Hamburg )
? Hormuth
1834 (Berlin )
Krafft Jun.
1834-1860 (Berlin )
Wilhelm Weber
1836-1850 (Bernau [disambiguation needed ] )
Friedrich Reindel
1843- (Magdeburg ?)
Christian Schwarz
1827-1860 (Bremen , 1843-1859 also Hannover )
Anton Leisner
-1852 (Bavaria )
Heinrich Graul
~1852 (Bavarian Palatinate )
Georg Eduard Voigt
1852- (Prussia )
Carl Altmann
1853-1874? (Bernau [disambiguation needed ] )
Michael Müller
1854-1886 (Baden )
Lorenz Scheller
1854-1880 (Bavaria )
Franz Reichhart
after 1854 (Bavaria )
August Reindel
1859- after 1862 (Brunswick [disambiguation needed ] )
? Bormann
1859-1870 (Hannover )
? Hamel
~1860 (Sangershausen )
Julius Krautz
1870-1889 (Prussia ) (until 1878 executioner of Hannover )
August Reindel (brother of Friedrich Reindel)
-1900 (Berlin )
Friedrich Schmidt
1874-1877 (Bernau [disambiguation needed ] )
Ferdinand August Zimmermann
1877-? (Bernau [disambiguation needed ] )
Franz Müller
1886-1888 (Baden )
Jakob Müller
1888-1908 (Baden )
? Schwarz
-1888 (Württemberg )
? Siller
1888-1926 (Württemberg )
Friedrich Reindel 1889-1901 (Prussia )
Wilhelm Reindel
1893-1901 (Prussia )
Franz Xaver Reichhart
1894-1924 (Bavaria )
Benjamin Burckhardt
1884-1896 (Baden )
Karl Burckhardt
1896-1935 (Baden , Württemberg and Hesse )
Lorenz Schwietz
1900-1914 (Prussia )
Richard Schwietz
1913-1915 (Prussia )
Alwin Engelhardt
1900-1906 (Prussia )
Carl Gröpler
1906-1937 (Prussia )
w:de:Moritz Brand
“working” in 1908 (Saxonia )
Karl Müller
1908- after 1922 (Baden , since 1921 also Hesse )
Paul Spaethe
1912-1924 (Prussia , in 1923 also Saxony )
Hans Kordess
-1918 (According to the New York Times , 25 April 1918
Konrad Widder
1922-1923 (Baden )
Joseph Kurz (also Kurzer )
1924-1927 (Prussia )
Johann Baptist Reichhart
1924-1948/50
Fritz Reichelt
1927-1933 (Prussia )
Alwin Engelhardt
1933-1936 (Prussia ) (the same Alwin Engelhardt who was in office from 1900 to 1906)
Friedrich Hehr
1935-1949 (Baden , Württemberg and Hesse , since 1937 in the whole Third Reich)
Ernst Reindel
1936-1943 (sources vary about his start)
Gottlob Bordt
1940–1945
Karl Henschke
1943–1945
August Köster
1943–1945
Alois Weiss
1943–1945
Wilhelm Röttger
1942–1945
Johann Mühl
1943–1945
Fritz Witzka
1943–1945
Alfred Roselieb
1944–1945
Clemens D.
after 1945, “working” in 1947
Horst S.
after 1945, “working” in 1949
Heinz M.
1946–
Gustav Völpel
1946–1948 (it is not sure if his allegations of having been an executioner are true)
Hermann Lorenz
1968–1981 (former East Germany )
Shiblal Mallick (West Bengal )
Mammu Singh (Meerut, Uttar Pradesh )
Arjun Bhika Jadhav (Maharashtra )
Janardhan Pillai (Kerala )
All executioners of New Caledonia's Bagne were inmates themselves.
Jugaret
1937-1943 (nicked "La Gueule" by the other inmates)
Abdallah Al-Bishi
John C. Woods 1903-1950. Hangman for the Third Army in WWII. He was one of the hangmen who executed Nazi war criminals.
Joseph Malta (1918–1999) was the hangman who, with John C. Woods, executed the top 10 leaders of the Third Reich in Nuremberg on October 16, 1946, for crimes against humanity.
Clarence Burford, warden at Kilby Prison from 1952-1965, was involved in several executions[ 1]
Murray Daniels, assistant warden at Kilby Prison in the 1950's, involved in eleven executions[ 2]
J.D. White, warden at Holman Correctional Facility from 1980 to 1983, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences. Executed Alabama's first post-Furman inmate, John Louis Evans on April 22, 1983.[ 3]
Willie Johnson, warden at Holman Correctional Facility from 1983 to 1988, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences[ 4]
Charlie Jones, warden at Holman Correctional Facility from 1988-2002, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences[ 5]
Grantt Culliver, warden at Holman Correctional Facility from 2002-2009, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences[ 6]
During the first part of the twentieth century , operators of the electric chair were known as "State electricians ".
Max Brice - executioner from mid-1950s to 1967
Daniel Vasquez - warden of San Quentin prison who served as executioner at the gas chamber executions of Robert Alton Harris in 1992 and the execution of David Mason the following year.
Jack P. Duckworth
1981 - Warden of Indiana State Prison at Michigan City who was required by law to throw the switch at the electrocution of Steven Timothy Judy [ 7]
Edwin B. Currier
circa 1910 - Chief Engineer at Massachusetts General Hospital who operated electric chair control panel during executions at Charlestown Prison [ 8] .
Frank Wilson electrical industry superintendent from Pittsburgh area who served as executioner between 1949 and 1953 at Rockview Prison[ 14] .
Jerry Kramer (executioner) Pittsburgh area electrician contracted as executioner at Rockview from 1954 to 1962. Resigned from post following execution of Elmo Smith.
Joe Byrd
- Captain of the guard at the Walls Unit who served as executioner between 1936 and 1964[ 15] . The nearby prison cemetery, where unclaimed remains of executed inmates are buried by the state, is named in his honor.
W. James "Jim" Estelle
- Director of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) between 1972 to 1983. Was designated executioner under policy developed by the TDCJ in 1976[ 16] . Was the individual pushing the drugs into the IV lines at the December, 1982 execution of Charlie Brooks , the first inmate in the United States to be executed by lethal injection .
Jerry Givens
1982-1999 - Givens, a corrections officer at Virginia State Penitentiary and later Greensville Correctional Center, served as official executioner for all executions carried out in the state during this time period.
Sources
Anderson, Patrick R. :
[4] "Expert witnesses: Criminologists in the Courtroom"
Albany: State University of New York, 1987
Bleakley, Horace :
The Hangmen of England: How They Hanged and Whom They Hanged, The Life Story of "Jack Ketch" through two Centuries
London: Chapman and Hall, 1929
Evans, Richard J. :
Rituals of Retribution: Capital Punishment in Germany, 1600-1987
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996
London: Penguin Books, 1997
Koch, Tankred :
Die Geschichte der Henker: Scharfrichterschicksale aus acht Jahrhunderten
Heidelberg: Kriminalistikverlag, 1988
Herrsching: Manfred-Pawlak-Verlagsgesellschaft, 1991
Martschukat, Jürgen :
Inszeniertes Töten: Eine Geschichte der Todesstrafe vom 17. bis zum 19. Jahrhundert
Köln: Böhlau, 2000
Hamburg: 2006
Nowosadtko, Jutta :
Scharfrichter und Abdecker: Der Alltag zweier "unehrlicher Berufe" in der Frühen Neuzeit
Paderborn: 1994
Rossa, Kurt :
Todesstrafen: Von den Anfängen bis heute
Bergisch-Gladbach: Bastei-Lübbe-Verlag, 1979)
Newspaper Sources:
*[5] "1985 Contract Hoods Identity of Pennsylvania Executioner", Philadelphia Daily News , August 28, 1990
See also
References
^ Russell Tate (December 3, 1967). "Kilby electric chair - will anyone else ride lightning?" . Tuscaloosa News . Retrieved July 26, 2010 .
^ "Applications for executioner posts run high" . Wilmington Morning Star . May 11, 1976. Retrieved July 15, 2010 .
^ United Press International (May 21, 1986). "Warden Transfers to Fulfill Promise" . Florence Times-Daily . Retrieved June 1, 1983 .
^ Associated Press (May 21, 1986). "Mother Relieved After Execution" . Tuscaloosa News . Retrieved July 26, 2010 .
^ Stan Bailey (August 4, 2002). "Retired executioner has no regrets" . The Birmingham News . Retrieved July 15, 2010 .
^ Tom Gordon (March 14, 2010). "After 20 executions, Grantt Culliver has a serene outlook" . The Birmingham News . Retrieved July 15, 2010 .
^ "Judy Is Getting Something He Wants" . Spartanburg Herald-Journal . March 8, 1981. Retrieved July 15, 2010 .
^ "WILL ACCEPT $100 LESS FOR EXECUTIONS" . The Boston Globe . November 9, 1914. Retrieved July 15, 2010 .
^ "MISSISSIPPI: Death on Wheels" . Time . January 18, 1943. Retrieved July 15, 2010 .
^ "Mississippi's executioner leaves job after 30 years" . The Advocate . May 15, 1987. Retrieved July 15, 2010 .
^ "Former state executioner dies" . Associated Press - WAFF . March 5, 2010. Retrieved July 15, 2010 .
^ Gene Curtis (July 10, 2007). "Only in Oklahoma: Executing criminals just another job" . Tulsa World . Retrieved July 15, 2010 .
^ "Executioner plugs electric chair" . Lawrence Journal-World . Associated Press . May 16, 1977. Retrieved July 15, 2010 .
^ "EXECUTIONER RESIGNS POST" . Gettysburg Times . May 23, 1953. Retrieved July 15, 2010 .
^ "Applications for executioner posts run high" . Wilmington Morning Star . May 11, 1976. Retrieved July 15, 2010 .
^ "Bad News on Death Row" . Texas Monthly . Oct 1976. Retrieved July 15, 2010 .