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* [http://www.hardwaresecrets.com/article/Inside-the-Intel-Sandy-Bridge-Microarchitecture/1161 Inside the Intel Sandy Bridge Microarchitecture]
* [http://www.hardwaresecrets.com/article/Inside-the-Intel-Sandy-Bridge-Microarchitecture/1161 Inside the Intel Sandy Bridge Microarchitecture]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YIkMaQJSyP8 Intel video explaining 3D ("Tri-Gate") chip and transistor design used in 22nm architecture of Ivy Bridge]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YIkMaQJSyP8 Intel video explaining 3D ("Tri-Gate") chip and transistor design used in 22nm architecture of Ivy Bridge]
* [http://thehiddentech.com Technology Forum for discussing Sandy Bridge]


{{Intel processors}}
{{Intel processors}}

Revision as of 15:24, 11 September 2011

Sandy Bridge, Nehalem's successor, is the codename for a processor microarchitecture developed by Intel at Intel Israel Development Center[1] beginning in 2005 targeting the 32 nm process. The codename was previously "Gesher" (meaning "bridge" in Hebrew).[2] Sandy Bridge processors were first released on January 9, 2011. Intel demoed a Sandy Bridge processor with A1 stepping at 2 GHz during the Intel Developer Forum in 2009.[3]

The yet-to-be released 22 nm die shrink of Sandy Bridge has the codename Ivy Bridge.[4][5]

Technology

Ivy Bridge

Ivy Bridge is the codename for the yet-to-be released 22 nm die shrink of Sandy Bridge. Ivy Bridge processors will be backwards-compatible with the Sandy Bridge platform.[6] According to a leaked Intel roadmap, Ivy Bridge processors will be released in March-April 2012.[7] Another source specified that the Ivy Bridge platform would be released in March 2012, with the notebook models appearing in April 2012.[8] TDP ranges in the usual 95/65/45/35W options for desktop processors[9], while Intel says that mobile processors will get a "variable TDP" with for example a 15W TDP when a laptop is mobile, which automatically rises to 35W TDP when the laptop is plugged into a docking bay (with a corresponding rise in performance).[10]

Expected Ivy Bridge feature improvements from Sandy Bridge:

While Ivy Bridge will be compatible with the Cougar Point chipset motherboards associated with Sandy bridge, Intel will also release a new 7-series Panther Point chipset with Ivy bridge. This chipset will have integrated USB 3.0[16]

Performance

Sandy Bridge

  • Up to 17% more CPU performance clock-for-clock compared to Lynnfield processors[17]
  • Around twice the integrated graphics performance compared to Clarkdale's (12 EUs comparison).

Ivy Bridge

Intel's performance targets (compared to Sandy Bridge):[18]

  • 20% increase in CPU performance.
  • 30% increase in integrated graphics performance.

Variants overview

Sandy Bridge

CPU Specification Comparison
Socket Cores Transistor count Die size
LGA 1155 4 995 Million 216 mm2
2 (6 EUs) 504 Million 131 mm2
2 (12 EUs) 624 Million 149 mm2
  • Processors featuring Intel's HD 3000 graphics are set in bold. Other processors feature HD 2000 graphics unless indicated by N/A.

Desktop processors

[19][20][21]

Desktop
Market 		Socket Cores
(Threads) 		Processor
Branding & Model 		CPU Clock rate Graphics Clock rate L3
Cache 		TDP Interface Supported
Memory 		Release
Date 		Price
(USD)
Standard Turbo Standard Turbo
Extreme /
High-End 		LGA
2011 		6 (12) Core i7
Extreme 		3960X 3.3 GHz 3.9 GHz — 15 MB 130 W 6.4 GT/s QPI
DMI 2.0
PCIe 3.0 		Up to quad
channel
DDR3-1333[22] 		Q4 2011[20] $999
Core i7 3930K 3.2 GHz 3.8 GHz 12 MB $583
4 (8) 3820 3.6 GHz 3.9 GHz 10 MB 4.8 GT/s QPI
DMI 2.0
PCIe 3.0 		$294
Performance LGA
1155 		2600K 3.4 GHz 3.8 GHz 850 MHz 1350 MHz 8 MB 95 W DMI 2.0
PCIe 2.0 		Up to dual
channel
DDR3-1333 		2011-1-9 $317
2600 $294
2600S 2.8 GHz 65 W $306
4 (4) Core i5 2500K 3.3 GHz 3.7 GHz 1100 MHz 6 MB 95 W $216
2500 $205
2500S 2.7 GHz 65 W $216
2500T 2.3 GHz 3.3 GHz 650 MHz 1250 MHz 45 W
2400 3.1 GHz 3.4 GHz 850 MHz 1100 MHz 95 W $184
2405S 2.5 GHz 3.3 GHz 65 W 2011-5-22 $205
2400S 2011-1-9 $195
2320 3.0 GHz 3.3 GHz 95 W 2011-9-4 $177
2310 2.9 GHz 3.2 GHz 2011-5-22
2300 2.8 GHz 3.1 GHz 2011-1-9
Mainstream 2 (4) 2390T 2.7 GHz 3.5 GHz 650 MHz 3 MB 35 W 2011-2-20 $195
Core i3 2130 3.4 GHz — 850 MHz 65 W 2011-9-4 $138
2125 3.3 GHz $134
2120 2011-2-20 $138
2120T 2.6 GHz 650 MHz 35 W 2011-9-4 $127
2105 3.1 GHz 850 MHz 65 W 2011-5-22 $134
2100 2011-2-20 $117
2100T 2.5 GHz 650 MHz 35 W $127
2 (2) Pentium G860 3 GHz 850 MHz 65 W 2011-9-4 $86
G850 2.9 GHz 2011-5-24
G840 2.8 GHz $75
G630 2.7 GHz 2011-9-4
G620 2.6 GHz 2011-5-24 $64
G630T 2.3 GHz 650 MHz 35 W 2011-9-4 $70
G620T 2.2 GHz 2011-5-24
Celeron [23] G540 2.5 GHz 850 MHz 1000 MHz 2 MB 65 W 2011-9-4 $52
G530 2.4 GHz $42
G530T 2.0 GHz 650 MHz 35 W $47
1 (1) G440 1.6 GHz 1 MB $37

Suffixes to denote:

  • K - Unlocked
  • S - Performance-optimized lifestyle
  • T - Power-optimized lifestyle
  • X - Extreme performance

Server processors

Server
Market 		Socket Cores
(Threads) 		Processor
Branding & Model 		CPU Clock rate Graphics Clock rate L3
Cache 		Interface Supported
Memory 		TDP Release
Date 		Price
(USD)
Standard Turbo Standard Turbo
4P Server LGA
2011 		8 (16)
6 (12)
4 (4/8)
2 (2/4) 		Xeon E5 46xx — 2× QPI
DMI 2.0
PCIe 3.0 		Up to quad
channel
DDR3-1600 		Q4 2011
2P Server 8 (16) 2690 2.9 GHz 20 MB 4x DDR3-1600 135 W Q4 2011
2687W 3.1 GHz 150 W
2680 2.7 GHz 130 W
2670 2.6 GHz 115 W
6 (12) 2667 2.9 GHz 15 MB 130 W
8 (16) 2665 2.4 GHz 20 MB 115 W
2660 2.2 GHz 95 W
2650L 1.8 GHz 70 W
2650 2.0 GHz 95 W
4 (8) 2643 3.3 GHz 10 MB 130 W
6 (12) 2640 2.5 GHz 15 MB 4x DDR3-1333 95 W
2 (4) 2637 3.0 GHz  5 MB 4x DDR3-1600 80 W
6 (12) 2630L 2.0 GHz 15 MB 4x DDR3-1333 60 W
2630 2.3 GHz 95 W
2620 2.0 GHz
4 (4) 2609 2.4 GHz 10 MB 4x DDR3-1066 80 W
2603 1.8 GHz
LGA
1356 		8 (16)
6 (12)
4 (4/8)
2 (2/4) 		24xx 1× QPI
DMI 2.0
PCIe 3.0 		Up to triple
channel
DDR3-1600 		Q1 2012
1P Server LGA
2011 		6 (12) 1660 3.3 GHz 3.9 GHz 15 MB 2× QPI
DMI 2.0
PCIe 3.0 		Up to quad
channel
DDR3-1333 		130 W Q4 2011  
1650 3.2 GHz 3.8 GHz 12 MB
4 (8) 1620 3.6 GHz 3.9 GHz 10 MB
LGA
1155 		4 (8) Xeon E3 1280 3.5 GHz 3.9 GHz — 8 MB DMI 2.0
PCIe 2.0 		Up to dual
channel
DDR3-1333 		95 W 2011-3-15 $612
1275 3.4 GHz 3.8 GHz 850 MHz 1350 MHz $339
1270 — 80 W $328
1260L 2.4 GHz 3.3 GHz 650 MHz 1250 MHz 45 W $294
1245 3.3 GHz 3.7 GHz 850 MHz 1350 MHz 95 W $262
1240 — 80 W $250
1235 3.2 GHz 3.6 GHz 850 MHz 1350 MHz 95 W $240
1230 — 80 W $215
4 (4) 1225 3.1 GHz 3.4 GHz 850 MHz 1350 MHz 6 MB 95 W $194
1220 — 8 MB 80 W $189
2 (4) 1220L 2.2 GHz 3 MB 20 W $189

Mobile processors

  • Core i5-2515E and Core i7-2715QE processors have support for ECC memory and PCI express port bifurcation.
  • All mobile processors, except Celeron and Pentium, use Intel's Graphics sub-system HD 3000 (12 EUs).
Mobile
Market 		Cores /
Threads 		Processor
Branding & Model 		CPU Clock rate Graphics Clock rate L3
Cache 		TDP Interface Release
Date 		Price
(USD)
Standard Turbo
(1C/2C/4C) 		Standard Turbo
Extreme 4 (8) Core i7
Extreme 		2920XM 2.5 GHz 3.5/3.4/3.2 GHz 650 MHz 1300 MHz 8 MB 55 W *DMI 2.0
*Memory: Up to
dual channel
DDR3-1600 MHz
PCIe 2.0 		2011-1-5 $1096
Performance Core i7 2820QM 2.3 GHz 3.4/3.3/3.1 GHz 45 W $568
2720QM 2.2 GHz 3.3/3.2/3.0 GHz 6 MB $378
2715QE 2.1 GHz 3.0/2.9/2.7 GHz 1200 MHz OEM
2710QE
2635QM 2.0 GHz 2.9/2.8/2.6 GHz *DMI 2.0
*Memory: Up to
dual channel
DDR3-1333 MHz
PCIe 2.0
2630QM 1100 MHz
Mainstream 2 (4) 2620M 2.7 GHz 3.4/3.2 GHz 1300 MHz 4 MB 35 W 2011-2-20 $346
2649M 2.3 GHz 3.2/2.9 GHz 500 MHz 1100 MHz 25 W
2629M 2.1 GHz 3.0/2.7 GHz $311
2655LE 2.2 GHz 2.9/2.7 GHz 650 MHz 1000 MHz OEM
2677M 1.8 GHz 2.9/2.6 GHz 350 MHz 1200 MHz 17 W 2011-6-20 $317
2637M 1.7 GHz 2.8/2.5 GHz $289
2657M 1.6 GHz 2.7/2.4 GHz 1000 MHz 2011-2-20 $317
2617M 1.5 GHz 2.6/2.3 GHz 950 MHz $289
2610UE 1.5 GHz 2.4/2.1 GHz 850 MHz OEM
Core i5 2557M 1.7 GHz 2.7/2.4 GHz 1200 MHz 3 MB 2011-6-20 $250
2537M 1.4 GHz 2.3/2.0 GHz 900 MHz 2011-2-20
2467M 1.6 GHz 2.3/2.1 GHz 1150 MHz 2011-6-19 OEM
2540M 2.6 GHz 3.3/3.1 GHz 650 MHz 1300 MHz 35 W 2011-6-20 $266
2520M 2.5 GHz 3.2/3.0 GHz $225
2515E 3.1/2.8 GHz 1100 MHz OEM
2510E
2410M 2.3 GHz 2.9/2.6 GHz 1200 MHz
Core i3 2330E 2.2 GHz — 1050 MHz 2011-6-19
2330M 1100 MHz
2310E 2.1 GHz 1050 MHz 2011-2-20 OEM
2310M 1100 MHz
2357 1.3 GHz 350 MHz 950 MHz 17 W 2011-6-19 OEM
2340UE 800 MHz
2 (2) Pentium B957 1.2 GHz 2 MB
B950 2.1 GHz 650 MHz 1100 MHz 35 W
B940 2.0 GHz
Celeron B810E 1.6 GHz 1000 MHz
B810 950 MHz 2011-3-13 $86
B800 1.5 GHz 1000 MHz 2011-6-19 $80
B857 1.2 GHz 350 MHz 17 W 2011-7-3 $134
B847 1.1 GHz 800 MHz 2011-6-19
B847E OEM

Suffixes to denote:

  • M - Mobile processors
    • XM - Unlocked
    • QM - Quad-core
  • E - Embedded mobile processors
    • QE - Quad-core
    • LE - Performance-optimized
    • UE - Power-optimized

Cougar Point chipset flaw

On January 31, 2011, Intel issued a recall on all 67-series motherboards due to a flaw in the Cougar Point Chipset.[24] A hardware issue, in which the chipset's SATA-II ports may fail over time, cause failure of connection to SATA-II devices, though data is not at risk.[25] Intel claims that this problem will only affect 5% of users over 3 years however heavier I/O workloads can exacerbate the problem.

Intel stopped production of flawed B2 stepping chipsets and began producing B3 stepping chipsets with the silicon fix. Shipping of these new chipsets started on 14 February, 2011 and Intel estimated full recovery volume in April 2011.[26] Motherboard manufacturers (such as ASUS and Gigabyte Technology) and computer manufacturers (such as Dell and Hewlett-Packard) stopped selling products that involved the flawed chipset and offered support for affected customers. Options ranged from swapping for B3 motherboards to product refunds.[27][28]

Sandy Bridge processor sales were temporarily on hold, as one cannot use the CPU without a motherboard. However, processor release dates are not affected.[29] After two weeks, Intel has continued shipping some chipsets, but manufacturers have to agree to a set of terms that will prevent customers from encountering the bug.[30]

Limitations

Overclocking

Due to a single clock generator controlling the speed of all electrical buses, overclocking of LGA-1155 compatible processors beyond the default 100 MHz base clock speed is very limited, up to 5-7% without other hardware components failing.[31] However, Intel has made available K-edition processors which feature unlocked multipliers; the highest multiplier for Sandy Bridge is 57.[32]

Intel has demonstrated a Sandy Bridge CPU running stably overclocked at 4.9 GHz on air cooling.[33][34]

Intel Sandy Bridge E-series Processors will come with "Performance OverClocking" support.[35]

Chipset

Non-K edition CPUs can overclock up to four bins from its turbo multiplier. Refer here for chipset support.

Intel Insider and remote-control

The processors include a "service" called Intel Insider, which the company claims is "an extra layer of content protection",[36] and despite claims, is a form of hardware restrictions and Digital rights management (a technology that inhibits uses of digital content not desired or intended by the content provider). This protection technology is only intended for streaming services at the moment.

Sandy Bridge processors with Vpro capability have security features that can remotely disable a PC or erase information from hard drives. This can be useful in the case of a lost or stolen PC. The commands can be received through 3G signals, ethernet, or internet connections. AES encryption acceleration will be available, which can be useful for video conferencing and VoIP applications.[37]

Successor

The Haswell microarchitecture will be the successor to the Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge architectures.

Intel CPU core roadmaps from NetBurst to Skylake

See also

References

  1. ^ http://www.israel21c.org/briefs/intels-new-chip-developed-in-israel
  2. ^ 'Sandy Bridge' Breaks the Mold for Chip Codenames
  3. ^ Crothers, Brooke (2010-12-15). "CES: First Intel next-gen laptops will be quad core". The Circuits Blog. CNET.com. Retrieved 2010-12-17.
  4. ^ "Intel 22nm 3-D Tri-Gate Transistor Technology". Intel. Retrieved 2011-05-04.
  5. ^ "Video Animation: Mark Bohr Gets Small: 22nm Explained". Intel. Retrieved 2011-05-04.
  6. ^ Ivy Bridge’s Backwards Compatibility Explained
  7. ^ http://www.slashgear.com/intel-ivy-bridge-roadmap-reveals-launch-in-march-2012-30155647/
  8. ^ "Intel investment reduction plans may affect PC and semiconductor players". digitimes.com. Retrieved 2011-09-01.
  9. ^ http://www.techpowerup.com/143951/Intel-Ivy-Bridge-Feature-Set-Detailed.html
  10. ^ http://www.nordichardware.com/news/69-cpu-chipset/43332-intel-ivy-bridge-gets-variable-tdp-and-thunderbolt.html
  11. ^ "Intel Reinvents Transistors Using New 3-D structure". Intel. Retrieved 5/4/2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  12. ^ Intel Ivy Bridge chips feature PCI Express 3.0 - AfterDawn
  13. ^ a b "http://www.anandtech.com/show/4318/intel-roadmap-ivy-bridge-panther-point-ssds". Retrieved 2011-08-28. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  14. ^ http://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/hardware/behind-intels-new-randomnumber-generator/0
  15. ^ http://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/download-the-latest-bull-mountain-software-implementation-guide/?wapkw=%28bull+mountain%29
  16. ^ http://www.anandtech.com/show/4406/correction-ivy-bridge-and-thunderbolt-featured-not-integrated
  17. ^ AnandTech - The Sandy Bridge Review: Intel Core i7-2600K, i5-2500K and Core i3-2100 Tested
  18. ^ Ivy Bridge to have 20 percent performance advantage over Sandy Bridge
  19. ^ "Price And Release Day Of Intel Sandy Bridge Processor Confirmed - Expreview.com". En.expreview.com. Retrieved 2010-12-05.
  20. ^ a b "Intel's Sandy Bridge E-Series in Q4 2011". Tom's Hardware. 2011-02-11. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
  21. ^ "Additional Details on Sandy Bridge-E Processors, X79, and LGA2011". Anandtech. 2011-04-26. Retrieved 2011-04-30.
  22. ^ "Intel Core i7-3930K". CPU World. July 20, 2011. Retrieved July 28, 2011.
  23. ^ http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/Celeron_Dual-Core/TYPE-Celeron%20Dual-Core.html
  24. ^ Sandy Bridge، راه حل‌ها، بازار ایران
  25. ^ Tom's Hardware,Intel Identifies Cougar Point Chipset Error, Halts Shipments http://www.tomshardware.com/news/cougar-point-sandy-bridge-sata-error,12108.html
  26. ^ "Intel Identifies Chipset Design Error, Implementing Solution" (Press release). Intel Corporation. January 31, 2011.
  27. ^ "Intel chip bug affects HP, Dell, Samsung and Lenovo". BBC News. 2011-02-03.
  28. ^ "HP to offer refund for PCs with flawed Intel chip". Reuters. 2011-02-02.
  29. ^ Intel to Ship Dual-core Sandy Bridge Chips on Feb. 20 | PCWorld
  30. ^ Intel to continue shipping flawed Sandy Bridge chipsets | Expert Reviews
  31. ^ Intel to limit Sandy Bridge Overclocking, Bit-Tech, July 22, 2010
  32. ^ Anand Lal Shimpi (2010-09-14). "Intel's Sandy Bridge Architecture Exposed". AnandTech. p. 8. Retrieved 2010-12-16.
  33. ^ YouTube - ‪Intel demos Sandy Bridge running at 4.9GHz‬‏
  34. ^ "IDF Intel 2010: Intel Overclocks Sandy Bridge CPU to 4.9 GHz, outpaces 12-core AMD Opteron". ZDNet.
  35. ^ Intel to launch X79 Express chipset for Sandy Bridge E enthusiast processors | ZDNet
  36. ^ Knupffer, Nick. "Intel Insider - What Is It? (IS it DRM? And yes it delivers top quality movies to your PC)". Retrieved 2011-02-02.
  37. ^ Hachman, Mark (2010-09-14). "Intel's 'Sandy Bridge' Chip to Include vPro Business Features". PC Magazine.
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