List of conflicts in the Near East: Difference between revisions
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The area known as the "Near East" is usually referred to as [[Middle East]] in modern contexts. |
The area known as the "Near East" is usually referred to as [[Middle East]] in modern contexts. |
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For periods predating Classical Antiquity, the common term is [[Ancient Near East]]. |
For periods predating Classical Antiquity, the common term is [[Ancient Near East]]. |
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The Near East is generally associated with [[Anatolia]], the [[Levant]], [[Mesopotamia]] and to greater degree [[Egypt]], [[Arabian |
The Near East is generally associated with [[Anatolia]], the [[Levant]], [[Mesopotamia]] and to greater degree [[Egypt]], [[Arabian Peninsula]] and [[Persia]]. |
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==Ancient Near East conflicts== |
==Ancient Near East conflicts== |
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*[[History of Mesopotamia|Ancient Mesopotamia conflicts]] |
*[[History of Mesopotamia|Ancient Mesopotamia conflicts]] |
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**[[History_of_Sumer#Early_Dynastic_period|Early Dynastic Period of Sumer]] |
**[[History_of_Sumer#Early_Dynastic_period|Early Dynastic Period of Sumer]] |
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***''circa'' 2,500 B.C.E. [[Enmebaragesi]] of [[Kish]] subdued [[Elam]] |
***''circa'' 2,500 B.C.E. [[Enmebaragesi]] of [[Kish (Sumer)|Kish]] subdued [[Elam]] |
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***''circa'' 2,500 B.C.E. [[Aga of Kish|Aga]] of |
***''circa'' 2,500 B.C.E. [[Aga of Kish|Aga]] of Kish, the son of [[Enmebaragesi]] of Kish, besieged [[Uruk]] |
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***''circa'' 2,500 B.C.E. [[Enmerkar]] of |
***''circa'' 2,500 B.C.E. [[Enmerkar]] of Uruk's year-long siege of [[Aratta]] |
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***''circa'' 2,500 B.C.E. [[Dumuzid, the Fisherman|Dumuzid]] of |
***''circa'' 2,500 B.C.E. [[Dumuzid, the Fisherman|Dumuzid]] of Uruk captured Enmebaragesi of Kish single-handed |
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***''circa'' 2,500 B.C.E. [[Enshakushanna]] of |
***''circa'' 2,500 B.C.E. [[Enshakushanna]] of Uruk conquered [[Hamazi]], [[Akkad (city)|Akkad]], Kish, and [[Nippur]], claiming hegemony over all of [[Sumer]]. [[Enshakushanna]] was succeeded in Uruk by Lugal-kinishe-dudu, but the hegemony seems to have passed to [[Eannatum]] of [[Lagash]] for a time |
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***''circa'' 2,500 B.C.E. [[Eannatum]] of [[Lagash]] conquered all of [[Sumer]], including [[Ur]], [[Nippur]], [[Akshak]], [[Larsa]], and [[Uruk]] (controlled by [[Enshakushanna]]) |
***''circa'' 2,500 B.C.E. [[Eannatum]] of [[Lagash]] conquered all of [[Sumer]], including [[Ur]], [[Nippur]], [[Akshak]], [[Larsa]], and [[Uruk]] (controlled by [[Enshakushanna]]) |
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***''circa'' 2,500 B.C.E. [[En-anna-tum I]] of |
***''circa'' 2,500 B.C.E. [[En-anna-tum I]] of Lagash succeeded his brother Eannatum and defended Lagash against Ur-Lumma of [[Umma]] |
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***''circa'' 2,500 B.C.E. [[Entemena]] of |
***''circa'' 2,500 B.C.E. [[Entemena]] of Lagash succeeded his father En-anna-tum I and re-established Lagash as a power in Sumer. He defeated Illi of [[Umma]], with the aid of Lugal-kinishe-dudu of Uruk (the successor to Enshakushanna) |
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***''circa'' 2,500 B.C.E. [[Lugal-Anne-Mundu]] of [[Adab]] subjected the "Four Quarters" of the world — i.e., the entire [[Fertile Crescent]] region, from the |
***''circa'' 2,500 B.C.E. [[Lugal-Anne-Mundu]] of [[Adab (city)|Adab]] subjected the "Four Quarters" of the world — i.e., the entire [[Fertile Crescent]] region, from the Mediterranean to the [[Zagros Mountains]] |
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***''circa'' 2,295 B.C.E. — 2,271 B.C.E. ([[Short chronology]]) [[Lugal-zage-si]] of |
***''circa'' 2,295 B.C.E. — 2,271 B.C.E. ([[Short chronology]]) [[Lugal-zage-si]] of Umma conquered several of the Sumerian city-states — including Kish, where he overthrew [[Ur-Zababa]]; Lagash, where he overthrew [[Urukagina]]; [[Ur]], [[Nippur]], and [[Larsa]]; as well as Uruk |
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**[[History_of_Sumer#Akkadian_Empire|Akkadian Empire]] |
**[[History_of_Sumer#Akkadian_Empire|Akkadian Empire]] |
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***''circa'' 2,270 B.C.E. ([[Short chronology]]) [[Sargon of |
***''circa'' 2,270 B.C.E. ([[Short chronology]]) [[Sargon of Akkad]] established a vast empire which is thought to have included large parts of [[Mesopotamia]], and included parts of modern-day [[Iran]], [[Asia Minor]] and [[Syria]] |
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****Conquest of [[Elam]] |
****Conquest of [[Elam]] |
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****2,271 B.C.E. [[Battle of Uruk]] |
****2,271 B.C.E. [[Battle of Uruk]] |
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****[[Syria]] and [[Canaan]] campaigns |
****[[Syria]] and [[Canaan]] campaigns |
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****[[Akkadian]] conquest of [[Ebla]] |
****[[Akkadian Empire|Akkadian]] conquest of [[Ebla]] |
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****Magan revolt |
****Magan revolt |
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****[[Lullubi]] campaign of Naram-sin |
****[[Lullubi]] campaign of Naram-sin |
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**[[History_of_Sumer#Fifth_Dynasty_of_Uruk|Fifth Dynasty of Uruk]] |
**[[History_of_Sumer#Fifth_Dynasty_of_Uruk|Fifth Dynasty of Uruk]] |
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***''circa'' 2,055 B.C.E. — 2,048 B.C.E. ([[Short chronology]]) After defeating the [[Gutian people|Gutian]] with the aid of other cities, [[Utu-hengal]] of [[Uruk]] established himself as the king of [[Sumer]] |
***''circa'' 2,055 B.C.E. — 2,048 B.C.E. ([[Short chronology]]) After defeating the [[Gutian people|Gutian]] with the aid of other cities, [[Utu-hengal]] of [[Uruk]] established himself as the king of [[Sumer]] |
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****''circa'' 2,050 B.C.E. ([[Short chronology]]) Defeat of [[Tirigan]], the last [[Gutian]] ruler in [[Sumer]] |
****''circa'' 2,050 B.C.E. ([[Short chronology]]) Defeat of [[Tirigan]], the last [[Gutian people|Gutian]] ruler in [[Sumer]] |
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**[[History_of_Sumer#Third_Dynasty_of_Ur|Third Dynasty of Ur]] |
**[[History_of_Sumer#Third_Dynasty_of_Ur|Third Dynasty of Ur]] |
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***''circa'' 2,047 B.C.E. — 2,030 B.C.E. ([[Short chronology]]) [[Ur-Nammu]] of [[Ur]] conquered [[Lagash]] |
***''circa'' 2,047 B.C.E. — 2,030 B.C.E. ([[Short chronology]]) [[Ur-Nammu]] of [[Ur]] conquered [[Lagash]] |
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*[[History of Mesopotamia|Ancient Mesopotamia conflicts]] |
*[[History of Mesopotamia|Ancient Mesopotamia conflicts]] |
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**[[Babylonia#Kassite_period|Kassite period]] |
**[[Babylonia#Kassite_period|Kassite period]] |
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***''circa'' 1,232 B.C.E. — 1,225 B.C.E. ([[Short chronology]]) [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]] of [[Assyria]] defeated [[Kashtiliash IV]], the [[Kassite]] king of [[Babylon]] and captured the city of |
***''circa'' 1,232 B.C.E. — 1,225 B.C.E. ([[Short chronology]]) [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]] of [[Assyria]] defeated [[Kashtiliash IV]], the [[Kassite]] king of [[Babylon]] and captured the city of Babylon to ensure full [[Assyrian]] supremacy over [[Mesopotamia]] |
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***''circa'' 1,157 B.C.E. — 1,155 B.C.E. ([[Short chronology]]) [[Enlil-nadin-ahi]], the final king of the [[Kassite]] dynasty that had ruled over [[Babylon]], was defeated by Kutir-Nahhunte of [[Elam]], the successor of [[Shutruk-Nakhunte]] |
***''circa'' 1,157 B.C.E. — 1,155 B.C.E. ([[Short chronology]]) [[Enlil-nadin-ahi]], the final king of the [[Kassite]] dynasty that had ruled over [[Babylon]], was defeated by Kutir-Nahhunte of [[Elam]], the successor of [[Shutruk-Nakhunte]] |
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**[[List_of_kings_of_Babylon#Dynasty_IV_of_Babylon.2C_from_Isin|Fourth Babylonian Dynasty]] |
**[[List_of_kings_of_Babylon#Dynasty_IV_of_Babylon.2C_from_Isin|Fourth Babylonian Dynasty]] |
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===Roman, Parthian and Sassanid domination=== |
===Roman, Parthian and Sassanid domination=== |
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{{main| |
{{main|Roman–Persian Wars|Byzantine-Sassanid Wars}} |
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*[[Mithridatic Wars]] 88-63 BCE |
*[[Mithridatic Wars]] 88-63 BCE |
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***[[Siege of Jerusalem (63 BC)]] |
***[[Siege of Jerusalem (63 BC)]] |
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*[[ |
*[[Roman–Parthian Wars]] |
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**[[Roman–Parthian Wars#Roman Republic vs Parthia|Crassus invasion to Mesopotamia 53 BCE]] |
**[[Roman–Parthian Wars#Roman Republic vs Parthia|Crassus invasion to Mesopotamia 53 BCE]] |
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***[[Battle of Carrhae]] |
***[[Battle of Carrhae]] |
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***[[Antony's Parthian War#The war|Antropatene campaign]] |
***[[Antony's Parthian War#The war|Antropatene campaign]] |
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***[[Antony's Parthian War#Subsequent events|Armenian campaign]] |
***[[Antony's Parthian War#Subsequent events|Armenian campaign]] |
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**[[ |
**[[Roman–Parthian War of 58–63]] CE |
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**[[Battle of Nisibis (217)]] |
**[[Battle of Nisibis (217)]] |
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*[[Alexandria pogroms]] 38 CE |
*[[Alexandria pogroms]] 38 CE |
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*[[ |
*[[Jewish–Roman wars]] 66-136 CE |
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**[[The Great Revolt|Great Revolt of Judea 67-70 CE]] |
**[[The Great Revolt|Great Revolt of Judea 67-70 CE]] |
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**[[Kitos War|Kitos War 117-119 CE]] |
**[[Kitos War|Kitos War 117-119 CE]] |
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**[[Bar Kokhba revolt|Bar Kokhba Revolt 132-136 CE]] |
**[[Bar Kokhba revolt|Bar Kokhba Revolt 132-136 CE]] |
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*[[ |
*[[Roman–Persian Wars|Roman-Sassanid Wars]] |
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**[[Battle of Antioch (218)]] |
**[[Battle of Antioch (218)]] |
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**[[Ardashir I#War with Rome|Ardashir's raid of Mesopotamia 230-232 CE]] |
**[[Ardashir I#War with Rome|Ardashir's raid of Mesopotamia 230-232 CE]] |
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**[[Ardashir I#War with Rome|Ardashir's second raid of Mesopotamia 237-240 CE]] |
**[[Ardashir I#War with Rome|Ardashir's second raid of Mesopotamia 237-240 CE]] |
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**[[Battle of Resaena]] 243 CE |
**[[Battle of Resaena]] 243 CE |
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**[[Battle of Misiche |
**[[Battle of Misiche]] 244 CE |
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**[[Battle of Barbalissos]] |
**[[Battle of Barbalissos]] |
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**[[Battle of Edessa |
**[[Battle of Edessa]] 259 |
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**[[Siege of Singara]] 344 |
**[[Siege of Singara]] 344 |
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**[[Siege of Amida]] 359 |
**[[Siege of Amida]] 359 |
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*[[Jewish revolt against Gallus]] 351-352 |
*[[Jewish revolt against Gallus]] 351-352 |
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*[[Isauria]] rebellion of 404 |
*[[Isauria]] rebellion of 404 |
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*[[ |
*[[Byzantine–Sasanian wars]] 421-628 |
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**[[ |
**[[Roman–Sasanian War (421–422)]] |
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**[[Anastasian War]] (502–506) |
**[[Anastasian War]] (502–506) |
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**[[Iberian War]] (526–532) |
**[[Iberian War]] (526–532) |
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***[[Battle of Callinicum]] 531 |
***[[Battle of Callinicum]] 531 |
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**[[Roman–Persian War of 572–591]] |
**[[Roman–Persian War of 572–591]] |
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**[[ |
**[[Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628]] |
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***Antioch riots 610 |
***Antioch riots 610 |
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***[[Battle of Antioch (613)]] |
***[[Battle of Antioch (613)]] |
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***[[Jewish revolt against Heraclius]] 610- |
***[[Jewish revolt against Heraclius]] 610-28 |
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****[[Siege of Jerusalem (614)]] |
****[[Siege of Jerusalem (614)]] |
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***[[Shahin's invasion of Asia Minor (615)]] |
***[[Shahin's invasion of Asia Minor (615)]] |
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***[[Sassanid conquest of Egypt]] 618-621 |
***[[Sassanid conquest of Egypt]] 618-621 |
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***[[Battle of Issus]] |
***[[Battle of Issus]] |
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***[[ |
***[[Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628#Byzantine assault on Persia|Byzantine assault on Persia 624-25]] |
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***[[Siege of Constantinople (626)]] |
***[[Siege of Constantinople (626)]] |
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***[[Third Perso-Turkic War]] |
***[[Third Perso-Turkic War]] |
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*[[Mazdak#Opposition to and purge of Mazdaki adherents|Mazdak revolt in Persia 524 (or 528)]] |
*[[Mazdak#Opposition to and purge of Mazdaki adherents|Mazdak revolt in Persia 524 (or 528)]] |
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*[[Nika riots]] in Constantinople 532 |
*[[Nika riots]] in Constantinople 532 |
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=== Medieval conflicts === |
=== Medieval conflicts === |
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*[[Muslim conquests]] |
*[[Muslim conquests]] |
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**[[Ridda |
**[[Ridda wars]] 632-633 |
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**[[Muslim conquest of |
**[[Muslim conquest of the Levant]] |
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***[[Battle of Yarmouk]] 636 |
***[[Battle of Yarmouk]] 636 |
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**[[Arab conquest of Armenia]] |
**[[Arab conquest of Armenia]] |
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**[[Muslim conquest of Egypt]] |
**[[Muslim conquest of Egypt]] |
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**[[Umayyad conquest of North Africa]] |
**[[Umayyad conquest of North Africa]] |
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**[[ |
**[[Muslim conquest of Persia]] |
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***[[ |
***[[Muslim conquest of Persia#First conquest of Mesopotamia .28633.29|First invasion of Mesopotamia]] |
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***[[ |
***[[Muslim conquest of Persia#Second invasion of Mesopotamia .28633.29|Second invasion of Mesopotamia]] |
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****[[Battle of al-Qādisiyyah]] |
****[[Battle of al-Qādisiyyah]] |
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***[[Battle of Nahāvand]] |
***[[Battle of Nahāvand]] |
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***[[ |
***[[Muslim conquest of Persia#Persian rebellion|Persian Rebellion 649-51]] |
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**[[ |
**[[Arab–Khazar wars]] |
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**[[Battle of Talas]] |
**[[Battle of Talas]] |
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**[[Abbasid]] revolt |
**[[Abbasid]] revolt |
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***[[Battle of the Zab]] 750 |
***[[Battle of the Zab]] 750 |
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**[[ |
**[[Arab–Byzantine wars]] 780-1180 |
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***[[Battle of Krasos]] 804/5 |
***[[Battle of Krasos]] 804/5 |
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***[[Battle of Anzen]] 838 |
***[[Battle of Anzen]] 838 |
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****Siege of Aleppo 964 |
****Siege of Aleppo 964 |
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**[[Civil War in Palestine ( |
**[[Civil War in Palestine (793–96)|Mudhar-Yamani conflict]] 793-96 |
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*Byzantine-Paulician Wars |
*Byzantine-Paulician Wars |
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*Persian Zoroastrian Revolts 8th-9th centuries |
*Persian Zoroastrian Revolts 8th-9th centuries |
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**[[Behafarid|Behavarid revolt in Persia]] 8th century |
**[[Behafarid|Behavarid revolt in Persia]] 8th century |
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**[[Babak Khorramdin|Babak's revolt 816- |
**[[Babak Khorramdin|Babak's revolt 816-37]] |
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***Ahmad ibn al Junayd's campaign 823- |
***Ahmad ibn al Junayd's campaign 823-24 |
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***Muhammad ibn Humayd Tusi's campaign 827- |
***Muhammad ibn Humayd Tusi's campaign 827-29 |
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***[[Afshin (Caliphate General)|Afshin's campaign 835-837/838]] |
***[[Afshin (Caliphate General)|Afshin's campaign 835-837/838]] |
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**[[Maziar|Maziar revolt 839]] |
**[[Maziar|Maziar revolt 839]] |
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*[[ |
*[[Byzantine–Seljuq wars]] 1048-1308 |
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**[[Battle of Manzikert]] 1071 |
**[[Battle of Manzikert]] 1071 |
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*[[Crusades]] |
*[[Crusades]] |
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**[[People's Crusade]] 1095- |
**[[People's Crusade]] 1095-96 |
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**[[First Crusade]] 1099 |
**[[First Crusade]] 1099 |
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***[[Battle of Ascalon]] 1099 |
***[[Battle of Ascalon]] 1099 |
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***[[Battle of Ager Sanguinis]] 1119 |
***[[Battle of Ager Sanguinis]] 1119 |
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***[[Battle of Azaz (1125)|Battle of Azaz]] 1125 |
***[[Battle of Azaz (1125)|Battle of Azaz]] 1125 |
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**[[Second Crusade]] 1145- |
**[[Second Crusade]] 1145-49 |
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***[[Battle of Inab]] 1149 |
***[[Battle of Inab]] 1149 |
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**[[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Baldwin's campaigns]] |
**[[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Baldwin's campaigns]] |
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***[[ |
***[[Siege of Ascalon]] (1153) |
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***[[Crusader invasions of Egypt]] 1154- |
***[[Crusader invasions of Egypt]] 1154-69 |
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****[[Battle of al-Babein]] |
****[[Battle of al-Babein]] |
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**[[Third Crusade]] 1189- |
**[[Third Crusade]] 1189-92 |
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***[[Siege of Acre ( |
***[[Siege of Acre (1189–91)]] |
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**[[Livonian Crusade]] |
**[[Livonian Crusade]] |
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**[[Crusade of 1197|German Crusade]] |
**[[Crusade of 1197|German Crusade]] |
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*[[Mongol invasions#Middle East|Mongol invasions to Middle East]] 13th century. |
*[[Mongol invasions#Middle East|Mongol invasions to Middle East]] 13th century. |
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**[[Battle of Köse Dağ]] 1243 |
**[[Battle of Köse Dağ]] 1243 |
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**[[ |
**[[Siege of Baghdad (1258)]] |
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**[[Hulagu_Khan#Conquest of Syria .281260.29|Hulagu Khan's conquest of Syria]] 1260 |
**[[Hulagu_Khan#Conquest of Syria .281260.29|Hulagu Khan's conquest of Syria]] 1260 |
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***[[Mongol raids into Palestine#Sidon incident (1260)|Sack of Sidon]] 1260 |
***[[Mongol raids into Palestine#Sidon incident (1260)|Sack of Sidon]] 1260 |
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**[[Battle of Ankara]] (Battle of Angora) 1402 |
**[[Battle of Ankara]] (Battle of Angora) 1402 |
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*[[Ottoman Interregnum]] 1402-1411 |
*[[Ottoman Interregnum]] 1402-1411 |
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*[[Sheikh |
*[[Sheikh Bedreddin#Revolt and death|Sheikh Bedreddin revolt]] 1416 |
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*[[ |
*[[Byzantine–Ottoman Wars]] 1265-1453 |
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**[[ |
**[[Byzantine–Ottoman Wars#Rise of the Ottomans: 1265–1328|Rise of the Ottomans]] 1265-1328 |
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**[[ |
**[[Byzantine–Ottoman Wars#Byzantium counter: 1328–1341|Byzantium counter: 1328–1341]] |
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***[[Siege of Nicaea ( |
***[[Siege of Nicaea (1328–31)]] |
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***[[Siege of Nicomedia]] 1333-1337 |
***[[Siege of Nicomedia]] 1333-1337 |
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**[[ |
**[[Byzantine–Ottoman Wars#Balkan invasion and civil war: 1341–1371|Balkan invasion and civil war: 1341–1371]] |
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**[[ |
**[[Byzantine–Ottoman Wars#Byzantine civil war and vassalage: 1371–1394|Byzantine civil war and vassalage: 1371–1394]] |
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**[[ |
**[[Byzantine–Ottoman Wars#Resumption of hostilities: 1394–1424|Resumption of hostilities: 1394–1424]] |
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**[[ |
**[[Byzantine–Ottoman Wars#Ottoman victory 1424–1453|Ottoman campaign on Constantinopolis 1424–1453]] |
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== Ottoman |
== Ottoman period conflicts 1453-1918 == |
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===Ottoman expansion=== |
===Ottoman expansion=== |
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*[[Ottoman–Persian Wars]] 16th-19th centuries |
*[[Ottoman–Persian Wars]] 16th-19th centuries |
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**[[Battle of Chaldiran]] 1514 |
**[[Battle of Chaldiran]] 1514 |
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**[[ |
**[[Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–55)]] |
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**[[ |
**[[Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–90)]] |
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**[[ |
**[[Ottoman–Safavid War (1603–18)]] |
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***[[Battle of DimDim]] 1609- |
***[[Battle of DimDim]] 1609-10 |
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**[[ |
**[[Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–39)]] |
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***[[Abaza rebellion]] |
***[[Abaza rebellion]] |
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**1633 conflict |
**1633 conflict |
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**1642 conflict |
**1642 conflict |
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**[[Druze power struggle ( |
**[[Druze power struggle (1658–67)|1660 conflict]] |
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**1683-1699 conflict |
**1683-1699 conflict |
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**[[Battle of Ain Darra]] 1711 |
**[[Battle of Ain Darra]] 1711 |
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*[[Cretan War ( |
*[[Cretan War (1645–69)]] |
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**[[Atmeydanı Incident]] |
**[[Atmeydanı Incident]] |
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**[[Çınar Incident]] 1656 |
**[[Çınar Incident]] 1656 |
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*[[Ali Bey Al-Kabir]] Revolt (Egypt) 1769-1772 |
*[[Ali Bey Al-Kabir]] Revolt (Egypt) 1769-1772 |
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*[[Bajalan]] uprising 1775 |
*[[Bajalan]] uprising 1775 |
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*[[French |
*[[French campaign in Egypt and Syria]] 1798-1801 |
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**[[French |
**[[French campaign in Egypt and Syria#Cairo revolt|Cairo revolt]] 1798 |
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**[[Battle of the Nile]] |
**[[Battle of the Nile]] |
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**[[Siege of Jaffa]] |
**[[Siege of Jaffa]] |
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*[[Baban]] uprising 1806-1808 |
*[[Baban]] uprising 1806-1808 |
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*[[Ottoman coups of 1807–08] |
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*[[Events of 1807-08]] (Ottoman revolts) |
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**[[Kabakçı Mustafa]] revolt |
**[[Kabakçı Mustafa]] revolt |
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*[[Muhammad Ali of Egypt#Military campaigns|Muhammad Ali's |
*[[Muhammad Ali of Egypt#Military campaigns|Muhammad Ali's campaigns]] |
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**[[Muhammad Ali's seizure of power]] 1803- |
**[[Muhammad Ali's seizure of power]] 1803-07 |
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**[[Alexandria expedition of 1807|Fraser campaign (1807)]] |
**[[Alexandria expedition of 1807|Fraser campaign (1807)]] |
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**[[Ottoman–Saudi War |
**[[Ottoman–Saudi War]] 1811-18 |
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**[[ |
**[[Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–33)]] |
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**[[1834 Arab revolt in Palestine|Peasants' revolt 1834]] |
**[[1834 Arab revolt in Palestine|Peasants' revolt 1834]] |
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**[[1838 Druze revolt]] |
**[[1838 Druze revolt]] |
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**[[Egyptian–Ottoman War ( |
**[[Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–41)]] |
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*[[Cizre]] uprising 1829 |
*[[Cizre]] uprising 1829 |
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*[[Atçalı Kel Mehmet]] revolt 1829- |
*[[Atçalı Kel Mehmet]] revolt 1829-30 |
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*Prince Mohammad of Soran uprising 1833 |
*Prince Mohammad of Soran uprising 1833 |
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*Yezidi uprising 1837 |
*Yezidi uprising 1837 |
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*[[1860 Lebanon conflict]] (Druze-Maronite strife) |
*[[1860 Lebanon conflict]] (Druze-Maronite strife) |
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**[[French expedition in Syria]] 1860- |
**[[French expedition in Syria]] 1860-61 |
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*[[Qatari–Bahraini War]] 1867- |
*[[Qatari–Bahraini War]] 1867-68 |
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*[[Russo-Turkish War ( |
*[[Russo-Turkish War (1877–78)]] |
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*[[Urabi Revolt]] (Egypt) 1879- |
*[[Urabi Revolt]] (Egypt) 1879-82 |
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*Shaykh 'Ubaydullah of Nehri and Shemdinan uprising 1880-1881<ref>Vanly, Ismet Chériff, The Kurds in the Soviet Union, in Philip G. Kreyenbroek, Stefan Sperl, eds., ''The Kurds: a contemporary overview'', Routledge, 2000, p.196</ref> |
*Shaykh 'Ubaydullah of Nehri and Shemdinan uprising 1880-1881<ref>Vanly, Ismet Chériff, The Kurds in the Soviet Union, in Philip G. Kreyenbroek, Stefan Sperl, eds., ''The Kurds: a contemporary overview'', Routledge, 2000, p.196</ref> |
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*[[Abdul Rahman bin Faisal|Royal Civil War in Arabia]] 1887- |
*[[Abdul Rahman bin Faisal|Royal Civil War in Arabia]] 1887-91 |
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**[[Battle of Mulayda]] 1891 |
**[[Battle of Mulayda]] 1891 |
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*[[1892 Tobacco Rebellion]] (Iran) |
*[[1892 Tobacco Rebellion]] (Iran) |
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*[[Hamidian |
*[[Hamidian massacres]] 1894-96 |
||
**[[Zeitun Rebellion ( |
**[[Zeitun Rebellion (1895–96)]] |
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*[[Unification of Saudi Arabia]] |
*[[Unification of Saudi Arabia]] |
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**[[Saudi–Rashidi War]] 1903- |
**[[Saudi–Rashidi War]] 1903-06 |
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*[[Persian Constitutional Revolution]] 1908- |
*[[Persian Constitutional Revolution]] 1908-09 |
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*[[Young Turk Revolution]] 1908- |
*[[Young Turk Revolution]] 1908-09 |
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**[[31 March Incident]] 1909 |
**[[31 March Incident]] 1909 |
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**[[Countercoup (1909)]] |
**[[Countercoup (1909)]] |
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*[[Adana |
*[[Adana massacre]] 1909 |
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*[[Hauran Druze Rebellion]] 1909 |
*[[Hauran Druze Rebellion]] 1909 |
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*[[1913 Ottoman coup d'état]] |
*[[1913 Ottoman coup d'état]] |
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*[[Middle Eastern theatre of World War I]] 1914-1918 |
*[[Middle Eastern theatre of World War I]] 1914-1918 |
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**[[Sinai and Palestine |
**[[Sinai and Palestine Campaign]] |
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**[[Mesopotamian |
**[[Mesopotamian campaign]] |
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**[[Caucasus Campaign]] |
**[[Caucasus Campaign]] |
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**[[Persian Campaign]] |
**[[Persian Campaign]] |
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**[[ |
**[[Gallipoli Campaign]] |
||
**[[North African Campaign (World War I)]] |
**[[North African Campaign (World War I)]] |
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**[[Arab Revolt]] |
**[[Arab Revolt]] |
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**[[Armenian Genocide]] |
**[[Armenian Genocide]] |
||
**[[Assyrian |
**[[Assyrian genocide]] |
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**1st [[Dersim]] rebellion |
**1st [[Dersim]] rebellion |
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*[[List of conflicts in Asia]] |
*[[List of conflicts in Asia]] |
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*List of conflicts in the Near East |
*List of conflicts in the Near East |
||
*[[List of conflicts in the Middle East]] |
*[[List of modern conflicts in the Middle East]] |
||
*[[List of wars]] |
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*[[List of modern conflicts in North Africa]] |
*[[List of modern conflicts in North Africa]] |
||
*[[ |
*[[Conflicts in the Horn of Africa]] |
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{{Middle East conflict}} |
{{Middle East conflict}} |
Revision as of 22:17, 18 August 2013
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Middle_East_geographic.jpg/300px-Middle_East_geographic.jpg)
The area known as the "Near East" is usually referred to as Middle East in modern contexts. For periods predating Classical Antiquity, the common term is Ancient Near East. The Near East is generally associated with Anatolia, the Levant, Mesopotamia and to greater degree Egypt, Arabian Peninsula and Persia.
Ancient Near East conflicts
Bronze Age
- Ancient Egypt conflicts
- Early Dynastic Period of Egypt
- circa 3,100 B.C.E. Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt
- Second Intermediate Period of Egypt
- New Kingdom of Egypt
- April 16, 1,457 B.C.E. Battle of Megiddo - a battle between Ancient Egyptian forces under the pharaoh Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition
- Early Dynastic Period of Egypt
- Ancient Mesopotamia conflicts
- Early Dynastic Period of Sumer
- circa 2,500 B.C.E. Enmebaragesi of Kish subdued Elam
- circa 2,500 B.C.E. Aga of Kish, the son of Enmebaragesi of Kish, besieged Uruk
- circa 2,500 B.C.E. Enmerkar of Uruk's year-long siege of Aratta
- circa 2,500 B.C.E. Dumuzid of Uruk captured Enmebaragesi of Kish single-handed
- circa 2,500 B.C.E. Enshakushanna of Uruk conquered Hamazi, Akkad, Kish, and Nippur, claiming hegemony over all of Sumer. Enshakushanna was succeeded in Uruk by Lugal-kinishe-dudu, but the hegemony seems to have passed to Eannatum of Lagash for a time
- circa 2,500 B.C.E. Eannatum of Lagash conquered all of Sumer, including Ur, Nippur, Akshak, Larsa, and Uruk (controlled by Enshakushanna)
- circa 2,500 B.C.E. En-anna-tum I of Lagash succeeded his brother Eannatum and defended Lagash against Ur-Lumma of Umma
- circa 2,500 B.C.E. Entemena of Lagash succeeded his father En-anna-tum I and re-established Lagash as a power in Sumer. He defeated Illi of Umma, with the aid of Lugal-kinishe-dudu of Uruk (the successor to Enshakushanna)
- circa 2,500 B.C.E. Lugal-Anne-Mundu of Adab subjected the "Four Quarters" of the world — i.e., the entire Fertile Crescent region, from the Mediterranean to the Zagros Mountains
- circa 2,295 B.C.E. — 2,271 B.C.E. (Short chronology) Lugal-zage-si of Umma conquered several of the Sumerian city-states — including Kish, where he overthrew Ur-Zababa; Lagash, where he overthrew Urukagina; Ur, Nippur, and Larsa; as well as Uruk
- Akkadian Empire
- circa 2,270 B.C.E. (Short chronology) Sargon of Akkad established a vast empire which is thought to have included large parts of Mesopotamia, and included parts of modern-day Iran, Asia Minor and Syria
- Gutian period
- circa 2,150 B.C.E. (Short chronology) Gutian attacks on the Akkadian Empire
- Fifth Dynasty of Uruk
- circa 2,055 B.C.E. — 2,048 B.C.E. (Short chronology) After defeating the Gutian with the aid of other cities, Utu-hengal of Uruk established himself as the king of Sumer
- circa 2,050 B.C.E. (Short chronology) Defeat of Tirigan, the last Gutian ruler in Sumer
- circa 2,055 B.C.E. — 2,048 B.C.E. (Short chronology) After defeating the Gutian with the aid of other cities, Utu-hengal of Uruk established himself as the king of Sumer
- Third Dynasty of Ur
- circa 2,047 B.C.E. — 2,030 B.C.E. (Short chronology) Ur-Nammu of Ur conquered Lagash
- circa 1,940 B.C.E. (Short chronology) Elamite Sack of Ur
- First Babylonian Dynasty
- circa 1,830 B.C.E. — 1,817 B.C.E. (Short chronology) The Amorite chieftain Sumu-abum won independence from the city-state Kazallu
- circa 1,752 B.C.E. — 1,730 B.C.E. (Short chronology) Damiq-ilishu of Isin, the last king on the Sumerian King List, is defeated by Sin-Muballit of Babylon
- circa 1,728 B.C.E. — 1,686 B.C.E. (Short chronology) Hammurabi of Babylon extended Babylon's control over Mesopotamia by winning a series of wars against neighboring kingdoms
- Kassite period
- circa 1,531 B.C.E. (Short chronology) Fall of Babylon
- circa 1,507 B.C.E. (Short chronology) Kassite attacks on Babylon
- Early Dynastic Period of Sumer
- Ancient Levant conflicts
- circa 2,000 B.C.E. Battle of Siddim
- Israelite Campaigns
- Ancient Anatolia conflicts
Early Iron Age
Note: This section is covering Iron Age I and II, Iron Age III is related as Classic Period
- Ancient Egypt conflicts
- 1,279 B.C.E. — 1,213 B.C.E. Ramesses II campaigns in the Near East
- Third Intermediate Period of Egypt
- 925 B.C.E. Sack of Jerusalem
- 727 B.C.E. Kushite Invasion to Egypt
- 609 B.C.E. Battle of Megiddo - a battle between the Kingdom of Egypt and the Kingdom of Judah
- Ancient Anatolia conflicts
- 1,260 B.C.E. — 1,240 B.C.E. Trojan War
- Ancient Mesopotamia conflicts
- Kassite period
- circa 1,232 B.C.E. — 1,225 B.C.E. (Short chronology) Tukulti-Ninurta I of Assyria defeated Kashtiliash IV, the Kassite king of Babylon and captured the city of Babylon to ensure full Assyrian supremacy over Mesopotamia
- circa 1,157 B.C.E. — 1,155 B.C.E. (Short chronology) Enlil-nadin-ahi, the final king of the Kassite dynasty that had ruled over Babylon, was defeated by Kutir-Nahhunte of Elam, the successor of Shutruk-Nakhunte
- Fourth Babylonian Dynasty
- circa 1,125 B.C.E. — 1,104 B.C.E. (Short chronology) Nebuchadnezzar I of Isin's War with Elam
- Kassite period
- Israelite Campaigns
- Later Israelite Campaigns
- 1,000 B.C.E. Siege of Jebus
- Later Israelite Campaigns
- Assyrian campaigns
- 853 B.C.E. Battle of Qarqar
- 721 B.C.E. Assyrian conquest of Israel
- Second Assyrian invasion to Southern Levant
- 701 B.C.E. Siege of Lachish
- 701 B.C.E. Assyrian Siege of Jerusalem by Sennacherib
- 693 B.C.E. Battle of Diyala River (Pyrrhic Assyrian victory)
- 693 B.C.E. Siege of Babylon
- 626 B.C.E. Revolt of Babylon (Decisive Babylonian victory; eviction of Assyrian troops)
- Neo-Babylonian campaigns
- 612 B.C.E. Battle of Nineveh
- 605 B.C.E. Battle of Carchemish - a battle between the Kingdom of Egypt and Assyrian allies against the Neo-Babylonian Empire
- 597 B.C.E. Siege of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar II
- 587 B.C.E. Siege of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar II
- Median campaigns
- May 28, 585 B.C.E. Battle of Halys
- Achaemenid conquests of Cyrus the Great
- 552 B.C.E. Persian Revolt
- 552 B.C.E. Battle of Hyrba
- 551 B.C.E. Battle of the Persian Border
- 550 B.C.E. Battle of Pasargadae
- 547 B.C.E. Battle of Pteria
- 547 B.C.E. Battle of Thymbra
- 547 B.C.E. Siege of Sardis
- 539 B.C.E. Battle of Opis
Classic antiquity conflicts
Greco-Persian domination
- Ionian Revolt 499-493 BCE
- First Persian invasion of Greece 492-490 BCE
- Egyptian Revolt 486 BCE
- Second Persian invasion of Greece 480-478 BCE
- Wars of Delian League 477-449 BCE
- Wars of the Diadochi 322-275 BCE
- Syrian Wars 274-168 BCE
- Seleucid–Parthian wars 238-129 BCE
- Roman–Syrian War 192-188 BCE
- Maccabean Revolt 167-160 BCE
Roman, Parthian and Sassanid domination
- Mithridatic Wars 88-63 BCE
- First Mithridatic War 88-84 BCE
- Second Mithridatic War 83-81 BCE
- Third Mithridatic War 75-63 BCE
- Aelius Gallus campaign in Arabia 24 BCE
- Alexandria pogroms 38 CE
- Jewish–Roman wars 66-136 CE
- Uprising of Syrian Legion 232 CE
- Palmyrene revolt 272
- Battle of Callinicum 296
- Jewish revolt against Gallus 351-352
- Isauria rebellion of 404
- Byzantine–Sasanian wars 421-628
- Roman–Sasanian War (421–422)
- Anastasian War (502–506)
- Iberian War (526–532)
- Roman–Persian War of 572–591
- Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628
- Samaritan Revolts
- Samaritan revolt against Zeno 484
- Revolt against Anastasius I
- Third Samaritan revolt 529-531
- Fourth Samaritan Revolt 555-572
- Mazdak revolt in Persia 524 (or 528)
- Nika riots in Constantinople 532
Medieval conflicts
- Muslim conquests
- Abbasid Chaliphate conflicts
- Abbasid revolt
- Arab–Byzantine wars 780-1180
- Battle of Krasos 804/5
- Battle of Anzen 838
- Sack of Amorium 838
- Sack of Damietta (853)
- Battle of Lalakaon 863
- John Kourkouas' campaigns
- Sayf al-Dawla campaigns
- Conquest of Aleppo 944
- Battle of Marash (953)
- Battle of Raban 958
- Battle of Andrasos 960
- Siege of Aleppo 962
- Siege of Aleppo 964
- Mudhar-Yamani conflict 793-96
- Byzantine-Paulician Wars
- Battle of Bathys Ryax 872 (878?)
- Persian Zoroastrian Revolts 8th-9th centuries
- Behavarid revolt in Persia 8th century
- Babak's revolt 816-37
- Ahmad ibn al Junayd's campaign 823-24
- Muhammad ibn Humayd Tusi's campaign 827-29
- Afshin's campaign 835-837/838
- Maziar revolt 839
- Byzantine–Seljuq wars 1048-1308
- Battle of Manzikert 1071
- Crusades
- People's Crusade 1095-96
- First Crusade 1099
- Battle of Ascalon 1099
- Crusade of 1101
- Battle of Ager Sanguinis 1119
- Battle of Azaz 1125
- Second Crusade 1145-49
- Battle of Inab 1149
- Baldwin's campaigns
- Siege of Ascalon (1153)
- Crusader invasions of Egypt 1154-69
- Third Crusade 1189-92
- Livonian Crusade
- German Crusade
- Fourth Crusade
- Children's Crusade
- Fifth Crusade
- Sixth Crusade
- Seventh Crusade
- Shepherds' Crusade
- Eighth Crusade
- Ninth Crusade
- Saladin's campaigns
- Egyptian revolt 1169
- Darum Siege 1170
- Yemen conquest 1174
- Battle of Hama 1175
- Capture of Damascus 1174
- Battle of Jacob's Ford 1179
- Fight for Mosul 1182
- Battle of Al-Fule (1183)
- Siege of Kerak 1183
- Battle of Cresson 1187
- Battle of Hattin 1187
- Siege of Jerusalem (1187)
- Mongol invasions to Middle East 13th century.
- Battle of Köse Dağ 1243
- Siege of Baghdad (1258)
- Hulagu Khan's conquest of Syria 1260
- Battle of Albistan 1277
- Second Battle of Homs 1281
- Mongol raids into Bilad al-Sham 1299-1300
- Timur Conquests
- Battle of Ankara (Battle of Angora) 1402
- Ottoman Interregnum 1402-1411
- Sheikh Bedreddin revolt 1416
- Byzantine–Ottoman Wars 1265-1453
Ottoman period conflicts 1453-1918
Ottoman expansion
Ottoman era period conflicts 1453-1516
- Yazidi uprising against Safavids 1506-1510
- Şahkulu Rebellion 1511
Ottoman Empire period conflicts
- Ottoman–Persian Wars 16th-19th centuries
- Jelali revolts 1519-1659
- Conflicts between the Ottomans and the Druze of Mount Lebanon
- Battle of Majdel Anjar 1622
- 1633 conflict
- 1642 conflict
- 1660 conflict
- 1683-1699 conflict
- Battle of Ain Darra 1711
- 1717 Omani invasion of Bahrain
- Patrona Halil uprising 1730
- Daher el-Omar Revolt (Galilee) 1742-1743
- Ali Bey Al-Kabir Revolt (Egypt) 1769-1772
- Bajalan uprising 1775
- French campaign in Egypt and Syria 1798-1801
- Baban uprising 1806-1808
- [[Ottoman coups of 1807–08]
- Kabakçı Mustafa revolt
- Muhammad Ali's campaigns
- Cizre uprising 1829
- Atçalı Kel Mehmet revolt 1829-30
- Prince Mohammad of Soran uprising 1833
- Yezidi uprising 1837
- Sîncar uprising 1837
Ottoman Tanzimat period
- First Botan uprising 1843
- Bedr Khan Bey uprising 1843
- Culemerg uprising 1843
- Bedirhan Bey uprising 1847[1]
- Yezdan Sher uprising 1855[2]
- 1860 Lebanon conflict (Druze-Maronite strife)
- French expedition in Syria 1860-61
- Qatari–Bahraini War 1867-68
- Russo-Turkish War (1877–78)
- Urabi Revolt (Egypt) 1879-82
- Shaykh 'Ubaydullah of Nehri and Shemdinan uprising 1880-1881[3]
- Royal Civil War in Arabia 1887-91
- Battle of Mulayda 1891
- 1892 Tobacco Rebellion (Iran)
- Hamidian massacres 1894-96
- Unification of Saudi Arabia
- Saudi–Rashidi War 1903-06
- Persian Constitutional Revolution 1908-09
- Young Turk Revolution 1908-09
- Adana massacre 1909
- Hauran Druze Rebellion 1909
- 1913 Ottoman coup d'état
- Middle Eastern theatre of World War I 1914-1918
Post-Ottoman era conflicts
References
- ^ Ergil, Doğu, PKK: The Kurdistan Workers' Party, in Marianne Heiberg, Brendan O'Leary, John Tirman, eds., Terror, insurgency, and the state: ending protracted conflicts, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007, p.356
- ^ Chaliand, Gérard , The Kurdish tragedy, Palgrave Macmillan, 1994, p.25
- ^ Vanly, Ismet Chériff, The Kurds in the Soviet Union, in Philip G. Kreyenbroek, Stefan Sperl, eds., The Kurds: a contemporary overview, Routledge, 2000, p.196
See also
- List of conflicts in North America
- List of conflicts in Central America
- List of conflicts in South America
- List of conflicts in Europe
- List of conflicts in Africa
- List of conflicts in Asia
- List of conflicts in the Near East
- List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
- List of modern conflicts in North Africa
- Conflicts in the Horn of Africa