Ba 'Alawiyya: Difference between revisions
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The chain of [[ijazah]] of spiritual Sufi transmission from al-Faqih Muqaddam Sayyid Muhammad traces back to the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] via his cousin [[Ali]] and from him, his son [[Husain]].{{Citation needed|date= September 2011}} |
The chain of [[ijazah]] of spiritual Sufi transmission from al-Faqih Muqaddam Sayyid Muhammad traces back to the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] via his cousin [[Ali]] and from him, his son [[Husain]].{{Citation needed|date= September 2011}} |
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==The Origin== |
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== Early beginnings == |
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The name Ba'Alawi itself is a [[Hadhrami Arabic|Hadhrami]] contraction of the terms Bani 'Alawi or the Clan of 'Alawi. |
The name Ba'Alawi itself is a [[Hadhrami Arabic|Hadhrami]] contraction of the terms Bani 'Alawi or the Clan of 'Alawi. |
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Thus all the 'Alawi [[sayyid]]s of [[Hadhramaut|Hadramaut]] are his progeny, and his descendants has since spread far and wide to the Arabian Peninsula, India especially in northern states of Surat and Ahmadebad and along the Malabar Coasts, North and West Coast of Africa, India, and the countries of the Malay Archipelago spreading [[Sunni]] Islam of the [[Shafii]] school and the Ba'Alawi Tariqah brand of Sufism. |
Thus all the 'Alawi [[sayyid]]s of [[Hadhramaut|Hadramaut]] are his progeny, and his descendants has since spread far and wide to the Arabian Peninsula, India especially in northern states of Surat and Ahmadebad and along the Malabar Coasts, North and West Coast of Africa, India, and the countries of the Malay Archipelago spreading [[Sunni]] Islam of the [[Shafii]] school and the Ba'Alawi Tariqah brand of Sufism. |
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==Doctrines== |
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== Tarim, Hadhramaut == |
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Like many other sufism orders, Ba 'Alawi order supports the doctrine of outward (''zahir'') and inward (''batin''). The outward aspect of this tariqa concists of pursuing religious sciences and ritual practices while its inward aspect is the attainment of sufi stations (''maqamat'') and states (''ahwal'').<ref name="Aziz">{{cite book| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=tQICAwAAQBAJ| title=Religion and Mysticism in Early Islam: Theology and Sufism in Yemen| volume=26| first=Muhammad |last=Ali Aziz| |
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For about 800 years, the city of [[Tarim, Yemen|Tarim]] in Hadhramaut has been the centre of learning in Islamic jurisprudence or [[fiqh]], notably of the [[Shafi]] [[Sunni]] school. The masters or early predecessors of the Ba'Alawi Tariqa are also mainly buried in the grounds of [[Tarim, Yemen|Tarim]] and thus up to this day, their shrines form part of the necessary destinations for visitors to [[Hadhramaut|Hadramaut]]. Today, two popular institutions for the study of Islam are [[Rubaat]] Tarim and the relatively new [[Dar al-Mustafa]], the latter under the leadership of [[Habib Umar bin Hafiz]].{{Citation needed|date= September 2011}} |
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publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=2011| isbn=978-0857719607| pages=296| accessdate=August 28, 2014}}</ref> |
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The basic doctrine of Ba 'Alawiyya is the purification of heart through saintly life. Eventhough it is a sufism and an offshoot of [[Qadiriyya]], does not have ''Khalw'' (seclusion for purposes of spiritual exercise) and does not denounce worldly activities.<ref name="mapilla">{{cite book| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xlb5BrabQd8C| title=Mappila Muslims: A Study on Society and Anti Colonial Struggles| first=Husain |last=Raṇṭattāṇi| publisher=Other Books| year=2007| isbn=978-8-190388788| accessdate=August 28, 2014}}</ref> |
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Imam Ahmad bin Isa al-Muhajir and his son, according to majority of historians, spread the legal school of [[Shafi'i]] and [[Ash'ari]] for theology. A few historians had pointed out that Ba 'Alawis incline to [[Shia Islam|Shiism]] because many of the Shiites had followed some of the order of Ba Alawis in certain regions<ref name="mapilla"/> In fact, some of the practices done in Ba'Alawiyya are similar to Shiah's practices, such as [[Ziyarat]] or building [[Shrine]]s. |
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It is common in Hadhramaut and Indonesia that the followers to perform [{Taqbil]], especially to respected [[Habib]]s.<ref name="mapilla"/> Annual spiritual activities such as [[Mawlid]], ''Khaul'' (anniversary of the death of a person, where in practice is dedicated primarly to highly respected persons in the community), ''Majlis [[Dhikr]]'' (Dhikr assemblies), ''Tahlil'' (another form of assembly Dhikr, but usually is performed if somebody dies), and [[Ziyarat]] are encouraged and very common among the followers.<ref name="turmudi">{{cite book| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=thrtmDsd6KAC| title=Struggling for the Umma: Changing Leadership Roles of Kiai in Jombang, East Java| series=Islam in Southeast Asia Series|first=Endang |last=Turmudi| publisher=ANU E Press|year=2006| isbn=978-1-920942434| pages=214| accessdate=August 24, 2014}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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* Dostal, Walter, [http://books.google.com/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA235#v=onepage&q&f=falseThe Saints of Hadramawt]. In Walter Dostal and Wolfgang Kraus, editors, Shattering Tradition: Custom, Law and the Individual in the Muslim Mediterranean, 233-253. New York: [[I.B. Tauris]], 2005 |
* Dostal, Walter, [http://books.google.com/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA235#v=onepage&q&f=falseThe Saints of Hadramawt]. In Walter Dostal and Wolfgang Kraus, editors, Shattering Tradition: Custom, Law and the Individual in the Muslim Mediterranean, 233-253. New York: [[I.B. Tauris]], 2005 |
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* [http://www.baalawi.com Ba`alawi.com] Ba'alawi.com | The Definitive Resource for Islam and the Alawiyyen Ancestry |
* [http://www.baalawi.com Ba`alawi.com] Ba'alawi.com | The Definitive Resource for Islam and the Alawiyyen Ancestry |
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* {{cite video| url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKOle7xRJ8g| title=Understanding Tariqah Ba'alawi|author=Habib Dr. Mohd Hisham AlJufri|accessdate=August 28, 2014}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[List of tariqas]] |
* [[List of tariqas]] |
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Revision as of 02:37, 29 August 2014
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The Ba'Alawi tariqa (Arabic: طريقة آل باعلوي), also known as the Tariqa Alawiyya is a Sufi order centered in Hadhramawt, Yemen, but now spread across the Indian Ocean rim along with the Hadhrami diaspora. The order is closely tied to the Ba'Alawi sadah family.
It was founded by al-Faqih Muqaddam As-Sayyid Muhammad bin Ali Ba'Alawi al-Husaini, who died in the year 653 AH (1232 CE). He received his ijazah from Abu Madyan in Morocco via two of his students.[1] Abu Madyan was a student of Abdul Qadir Jilani, as well as one of the shaikhs in the Shadhiliya tariqa chain of spiritual transmitters from Muhammad. The members of this Sufi way are mainly sayyids whose ancestors hail from the valley of Hadramaut, in the southern part of Yemen, although it is not limited to them.[citation needed]
The chain of ijazah of spiritual Sufi transmission from al-Faqih Muqaddam Sayyid Muhammad traces back to the Islamic prophet Muhammad via his cousin Ali and from him, his son Husain.[citation needed]
The Origin
The name Ba'Alawi itself is a Hadhrami contraction of the terms Bani 'Alawi or the Clan of 'Alawi.
In the early 4th Century Hijri at 318 H, Sayyid Ahmad al-Muhaajir bin Isa ar-Rumi bin Muhammad al-Naqib bin Ali al-Uraidhi ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq migrated from Basrah, Iraq first to Mecca and Medina, and then to Hadhramout, to avoid the chaos then prevalent in the Abbassid Caliphate, where descendants of Muhammad were continuously being suspected of arson and revolt against the caliph. Most descendants of Muhammad known as sayyids enjoyed much followings due to their steep knowledge in Islam and its teachings, both esoteric and exoteric. Although such personalities may not have political ambitions, having huge followings means that they always attract the suspicions of the caliphate.
The name 'Alawi refers to the grandson of Sayyid Ahmad al-Muhajir, who was the first descendant of Husain, Muhammad's grandson, to be born in Hadramaut and the first to bear such a name.
Thus all the 'Alawi sayyids of Hadramaut are his progeny, and his descendants has since spread far and wide to the Arabian Peninsula, India especially in northern states of Surat and Ahmadebad and along the Malabar Coasts, North and West Coast of Africa, India, and the countries of the Malay Archipelago spreading Sunni Islam of the Shafii school and the Ba'Alawi Tariqah brand of Sufism.
Doctrines
Like many other sufism orders, Ba 'Alawi order supports the doctrine of outward (zahir) and inward (batin). The outward aspect of this tariqa concists of pursuing religious sciences and ritual practices while its inward aspect is the attainment of sufi stations (maqamat) and states (ahwal).[2]
The basic doctrine of Ba 'Alawiyya is the purification of heart through saintly life. Eventhough it is a sufism and an offshoot of Qadiriyya, does not have Khalw (seclusion for purposes of spiritual exercise) and does not denounce worldly activities.[3]
Imam Ahmad bin Isa al-Muhajir and his son, according to majority of historians, spread the legal school of Shafi'i and Ash'ari for theology. A few historians had pointed out that Ba 'Alawis incline to Shiism because many of the Shiites had followed some of the order of Ba Alawis in certain regions[3] In fact, some of the practices done in Ba'Alawiyya are similar to Shiah's practices, such as Ziyarat or building Shrines.
It is common in Hadhramaut and Indonesia that the followers to perform [{Taqbil]], especially to respected Habibs.[3] Annual spiritual activities such as Mawlid, Khaul (anniversary of the death of a person, where in practice is dedicated primarly to highly respected persons in the community), Majlis Dhikr (Dhikr assemblies), Tahlil (another form of assembly Dhikr, but usually is performed if somebody dies), and Ziyarat are encouraged and very common among the followers.[4]
References
Footnotes
- ^ Anne K. Bang, Sufis and Scholars of the Sea: Family Networks in East Africa, 1860-1925, Routledge, 2003, pg 13
- ^ Ali Aziz, Muhammad (2011). Religion and Mysticism in Early Islam: Theology and Sufism in Yemen. Vol. 26. I.B.Tauris. p. 296. ISBN 978-0857719607. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
- ^ a b c Raṇṭattāṇi, Husain (2007). Mappila Muslims: A Study on Society and Anti Colonial Struggles. Other Books. ISBN 978-8-190388788. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
- ^ Turmudi, Endang (2006). Struggling for the Umma: Changing Leadership Roles of Kiai in Jombang, East Java. Islam in Southeast Asia Series. ANU E Press. p. 214. ISBN 978-1-920942434. Retrieved August 24, 2014.
Bibliography
- Dostal, Walter, Saints of Hadramawt. In Walter Dostal and Wolfgang Kraus, editors, Shattering Tradition: Custom, Law and the Individual in the Muslim Mediterranean, 233-253. New York: I.B. Tauris, 2005
- Ba`alawi.com Ba'alawi.com | The Definitive Resource for Islam and the Alawiyyen Ancestry
- Habib Dr. Mohd Hisham AlJufri. Understanding Tariqah Ba'alawi. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
See also
External links
- Ba`alawi.com Ba'alawi.com | The Definitive Resource for Islam and the Alawiyyen Ancestry
- The Ba'Alawi of Hadramaut
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