Jump to content

Dark web: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m Reverted edits by 207.34.115.64 (talk) to last version by Serols
Just changed a link which has good information about that word or which has informative content.
Line 49: Line 49:


=== Phishing and scams ===
=== Phishing and scams ===
[[Phishing]] via cloned websites and other [[Confidence trick|scam]] sites are numerous,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Stockley|first1=Mark|title=Hundreds of Dark Web sites cloned and "booby trapped"|url=https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2015/07/01/hundreds-of-dark-web-sites-cloned-and-booby-trapped/|accessdate=8 December 2015|date=1 July 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211024549/https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2015/07/01/hundreds-of-dark-web-sites-cloned-and-booby-trapped/|archivedate=11 December 2015|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Fox-Brewster|first1=Thomas|title=Many Sites That Fell In Epic Onymous Tor Takedown 'Were Scams Or Legit'|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2014/11/18/tor-takedown-misinformation/|accessdate=19 June 2015|date=18 November 2014|work=Forbes|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619220607/http://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2014/11/18/tor-takedown-misinformation/|archivedate=19 June 2015|df=}}</ref> with [[darknet market]]s often advertised with fraudulent URLs.<ref>{{cite news|title=Beware of Phishing Scams On Clearnet Sites! (darknetmarkets.org)|url=https://www.deepdotweb.com/2015/07/03/beware-of-phishing-scams-on-clearnet-sites-darknetmarkets-org/|accessdate=8 December 2015|publisher=[[DeepDotWeb]]|date=3 July 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222003543/https://www.deepdotweb.com/2015/07/03/beware-of-phishing-scams-on-clearnet-sites-darknetmarkets-org/|archivedate=22 February 2016|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Warning: More Onion Cloner Phishing Scams|url=https://www.deepdotweb.com/2015/04/22/reminder-onion-cloner-phishing-scams/|accessdate=8 December 2015|date=22 April 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220111815/https://www.deepdotweb.com/2015/04/22/reminder-onion-cloner-phishing-scams/|archivedate=20 December 2015|df=}}</ref>
[https://techbuddiesbyajay.blogspot.in/2017/11/phishing.html Phishing] via cloned websites and other [[Confidence trick|scam]] sites are numerous,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Stockley|first1=Mark|title=Hundreds of Dark Web sites cloned and "booby trapped"|url=https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2015/07/01/hundreds-of-dark-web-sites-cloned-and-booby-trapped/|accessdate=8 December 2015|date=1 July 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211024549/https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2015/07/01/hundreds-of-dark-web-sites-cloned-and-booby-trapped/|archivedate=11 December 2015|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Fox-Brewster|first1=Thomas|title=Many Sites That Fell In Epic Onymous Tor Takedown 'Were Scams Or Legit'|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2014/11/18/tor-takedown-misinformation/|accessdate=19 June 2015|date=18 November 2014|work=Forbes|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619220607/http://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2014/11/18/tor-takedown-misinformation/|archivedate=19 June 2015|df=}}</ref> with [[darknet market]]s often advertised with fraudulent URLs.<ref>{{cite news|title=Beware of Phishing Scams On Clearnet Sites! (darknetmarkets.org)|url=https://www.deepdotweb.com/2015/07/03/beware-of-phishing-scams-on-clearnet-sites-darknetmarkets-org/|accessdate=8 December 2015|publisher=[[DeepDotWeb]]|date=3 July 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222003543/https://www.deepdotweb.com/2015/07/03/beware-of-phishing-scams-on-clearnet-sites-darknetmarkets-org/|archivedate=22 February 2016|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Warning: More Onion Cloner Phishing Scams|url=https://www.deepdotweb.com/2015/04/22/reminder-onion-cloner-phishing-scams/|accessdate=8 December 2015|date=22 April 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220111815/https://www.deepdotweb.com/2015/04/22/reminder-onion-cloner-phishing-scams/|archivedate=20 December 2015|df=}}</ref>


=== Puzzles ===
=== Puzzles ===

Revision as of 10:50, 3 May 2018

This article is about darknet websites. For the part of the Internet not accessible by traditional web search engines, see deep web.

The dark web is the World Wide Web content that exists on darknets, overlay networks that use the Internet but require specific software, configurations or authorization to access.[1][2] The dark web forms a small part of the deep web, the part of the Web not indexed by web search engines, although sometimes the term deep web is mistakenly used to refer specifically to the dark web.[3][4][5][6][7]

The darknets which constitute the dark web include small, friend-to-friend peer-to-peer networks, as well as large, popular networks like Tor, Freenet, and I2P, operated by public organizations and individuals. Users of the dark web refer to the regular web as Clearnet due to its unencrypted nature.[8] The Tor dark web may be referred to as onionland,[9] a reference to the network's top-level domain suffix .onion and the traffic anonymization technique of onion routing.

Terminology

The dark web has often been confused with the deep web, which refer to the parts of the web not indexed (searchable) by search engines. This confusion dates back to at least 2009.[10] Since then, especially in reporting on Silk Road, the two terms have often been conflated,[11][12][13] despite recommendations that they should be distinguished.[5][14][15][16]

Definition

Main article: Darknet

Darknet websites are accessible only through networks such as Tor ("The Onion Router") and I2P ("Invisible Internet Project").[17] Tor browser and Tor-accessible sites are widely used among the darknet users and can be identified by the domain ".onion".[18] While Tor focuses on providing anonymous access to the Internet, I2P specializes on allowing anonymous hosting of websites.[19] Identities and locations of darknet users stay anonymous and cannot be tracked due to the layered encryption system. The darknet encryption technology routes users' data through a large number of intermediate servers, which protects the users' identity and guarantees anonymity. The transmitted information can be decrypted only by a subsequent node in the scheme, which leads to the exit node. The complicated system makes it almost impossible to reproduce the node path and decrypt the information layer by layer.[20] Due to the high level of encryption, websites are not able to track geolocation and IP of their users, and users are not able to get this information about the host. Thus, communication between darknet users is highly encrypted allowing users to talk, blog, and share files confidentially.[21]

The darknet is also used for illegal activity such as illegal trade, forums, and media exchange for pedophiles and terrorists.[22] At the same time traditional websites have created alternative accessibility for the Tor browser in efforts to connect with their users. ProPublica, for example, launched a new version of its website available exclusively to Tor users.[23]

Content

Web-based onion services in January 2015[24]
Category Percentage
Gambling
0.4
Gun
1.4
Chat
2.2
New
(not yet indexed)
2.2
Abuse
2.2
Books
2.5
Directory
2.5
Blog
2.75
Porn
2.75
Hosting
3.5
Hacking
4.25
Search
4.25
Anonymity
4.5
Forum
4.75
Counterfeit
5.2
Whistleblower
5.2
Wiki
5.2
Mail
5.7
Bitcoin
6.2
Fraud
9
Market
9
Drugs
15.4
Web-based onion services in February 2016[25][26]
Category % of total % of active
Violence
0.3
0.6
Arms
0.8
1.5
Illicit Social
1.2
2.4
Hacking
1.8
3.5
Illicit links
2.3
4.3
Illicit pornography
2.3
4.5
Extremism
2.7
5.1
Illicit Other
3.8
7.3
Illicit Finance
6.3
12
Illicit Drugs
8.1
15.5
Non-illicit+Unknown
22.6
43.2
Illicit total
29.7
56.8
Inactive
47.7
Active
52.3

A December 2014 study by Gareth Owen from the University of Portsmouth found that the most commonly hosted type of content on Tor was child pornography, followed by black markets, while the individual sites with the highest traffic were dedicated to botnet operations (see attached metric).[27] Many whistleblowing sites maintain a presence[28] as well as political discussion forums.[29] Sites associated with Bitcoin, fraud related services and mail order services are some of the most prolific.[27] To counter the trend of controversial content, the artist collective Cybertwee held a bake sale on an onion site.[30]

In July 2017, Roger Dingledine, one of the three founders of the Tor Project, said that Facebook is the biggest hidden service. The Dark Web comprises only 3% of the traffic in the Tor network.[31]

A more recent February 2016 study from researchers at King's College London gives the following breakdown of content by an alternative category set, highlighting the illicit use of .onion services.[32][33]

Botnets

Botnets are often structured with their command and control servers based on a censorship-resistant hidden service, creating a large amount of bot-related traffic.[27][34]

Bitcoin services

Bitcoin services such as tumblers are often available on Tor, and some – such as Grams – offer darknet market integration.[35][36] A research study undertaken by Jean-Loup Richet, a research fellow at ESSEC, and carried out with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, highlighted new trends in the use of Bitcoin tumblers for money laundering purposes. A common approach was to use a digital currency exchanger service which converted Bitcoin into an online game currency (such as gold coins in World of Warcraft) that will later be converted back into money.[37][38]

Darknet markets

Main article: Darknet market

Commercial darknet markets, which mediate transactions for illegal drugs[39] and other goods, attracted significant media coverage starting with the popularity of Silk Road and Diabolus Market[40] and its subsequent seizure by legal authorities.[41] Other markets sell software exploits[42] and weapons.[43] Examination of price differences in Dark web markets versus prices in real life or over the World Wide Web have been attempted as well as studies in the quality of goods received over the Dark web. One such study was performed on Evolution, one of the most popular crypto-markets active from January 2013 to March 2015.[44] Although it found the digital information, such as concealment methods and shipping country, "seems accurate", the study uncovered issues with the quality of illegal drugs sold in Evolution, stating that, "... the illicit drugs purity is found to be different from the information indicated on their respective listings."[44] Less is known about consumer motivations for accessing these marketplaces and factors associated with their use.[45]

Hacking groups and services

Many hackers sell their services either individually or as a part of groups.[46] Such groups include xDedic, hackforum, Trojanforge, Mazafaka, dark0de and the TheRealDeal darknet market.[47] Some have been known to track and extort apparent pedophiles.[48] Cyber crimes and hacking services for financial institutions and banks have also been offered over the Dark web.[49] Attempts to monitor this activity have been made through various government and private organizations, and an examination of the tools used can be found in the Procedia Computer Science journal.[50] Use of Internet-scale DNS Distributed Reflection Denial of Service (DRDoS) attacks have also been made through leveraging the Dark Web.[51] There are many scam .onion sites also present which end up giving tools for download that are infected with trojan horse or backdoor.

Fraud services

There are numerous carding forums, PayPal and Bitcoins Trading websites as well as fraud and counterfeiting services.[52] Many such sites are scams themselves.[53]

Hoaxes and unverified content

Main article: Hoax

There are reports of crowdfunded assassinations and hitmen for hire,[43][54] however, these are believed to be exclusively scams.[55][56] The creator of Silk Road was arrested by Homeland Security investigations (HSI) for his site and allegedly hiring a hitman to kill six people, although the charges were later dropped.[57][58]

There is an urban legend that one can find live murder on the dark web. The term "Red Room" has been coined based on the Japanese animation and urban legend of the same name. However, the evidence points toward all reported instances being hoaxes.[59][60]

On June 25, 2015, a creepy indie game Sad Satan was reviewed by Youtubers Obscure Horror Corner which they claimed to have found via the dark web. Various inconsistencies in the channel's reporting cast doubt on the reported version of events.[61] There are several websites which analyze and monitor the deep web and dark web for threat intelligence, for example Sixgill.[62]

Phishing and scams

Phishing via cloned websites and other scam sites are numerous,[63][64] with darknet markets often advertised with fraudulent URLs.[65][66]

Puzzles

Puzzles such as Cicada 3301 and successors will sometimes use hidden services in order to more anonymously provide clues, often increasing speculation as to the identity of their creators.[67]

Illegal pornography

There is regular law enforcement action against sites distributing child pornography[68][69] – often via compromising the site by distributing malware to the users.[70][71] Sites use complex systems of guides, forums and community regulation.[72] Other content includes sexualised torture and killing of animals[73] and revenge porn.[74]

Terrorism

There are at least some real and fraudulent websites claiming to be used by ISIL (ISIS), including a fake one seized in Operation Onymous.[75] In the wake of the November 2015 Paris attacks an actual such site was hacked by an Anonymous affiliated hacker group GhostSec and replaced with an advert for Prozac.[76] The Rawti Shax Islamist group was found to be operating on the dark web at one time.[77]

Social media-test

There exists within the Dark Web emerging social media platforms similar to those on the World Wide Web. Facebook and other traditional social media platforms have begun to make Dark Web versions of their websites to address problems associated with the traditional platforms and to continue their service in all areas of the World Wide Web.[23]

Commentary

Although much of the dark web is innocuous, some prosecutors and government agencies, among others, are concerned that it is a haven for criminal activity.[78] Specialist news sites such as DeepDotWeb[79][80] and All Things Vice[81] provide news coverage and practical information about dark web sites and services. The Hidden Wiki and its mirrors and forks hold some of the largest directories of content at any given time.

Popular sources of dark web .onion links include Pastebin, YouTube, Twitter, Reddit and other Internet forums.[82] Specialist companies with Darksum and Recorded Future track dark web cybercrime goings on for law enforcement purposes.[83] In 2015 it was announced that Interpol now offers a dedicated dark web training program featuring technical information on Tor, cybersecurity and simulated darknet market take downs.[84]

In October 2013 the UK's National Crime Agency and GCHQ announced the formation of a 'Joint Operations Cell' to focus on cybercrime.[85] In November 2015 this team would be tasked with tackling child exploitation on the dark web as well as other cybercrime.[86]

In March 2017 the Congressional Research Service released an extensive report on the dark web, noting the changing dynamic of how information is accessed and presented on it; characterized by the unknown, it is of increasing interest to researchers, law enforcement, and policymakers.[87]

In August 2017, according to reportage, cybersecurity firms which specialize in monitoring and researching the dark web on behalf of banks and retailers routinely share their findings with the FBI and with other law enforcement agencies "when possible and necessary" regarding illegal content. The Russian-speaking underground offering a crime-as-a-service model is regarded as being particularly robust.[88]

Journalism

Many individual journalists, alternative news organizations, and educators or researchers are influential in their writing and speaking of the Darknet, and making its use clear to the general public.

Jamie Bartlett

Jamie Bartlett is a journalist and tech blogger for The Telegraph and Director of the Centre for the Analysis of Social Media for Demos in conjunction with The University of Sussex. In his book, The Dark Net,[89] Barlett depicts the world of the Darknet and its implications for human behavior in different context. For example, the book opens with the story of a young girl who seeks positive feedback to build her self-esteem by appearing naked online. She is eventually traced on social media sites where her friends and family were inundated with naked pictures of her. This story highlights the variety of human interactions the Darknet allows for, but also reminds the reader how participation in a overlay network like the Darknet is rarely in complete separation from the larger Web. Bartlett's main objective is an exploration of the Darknet and its implication for society. He explores different sub-cultures, some with positive implications for society and some with negative.[90]

Bartlett gave a TEDTalk in June 2015 further examining the subject.[91] His talk, entitled "How the mysterious Darknet is going mainstream", introduces the idea behind the Darknet to the audience, followed by a walkthrough example of one of its websites called the Silk Road. He points out the familiarity of webpage design similar to consumer sites used in the larger commercial Web. Bartlett then presents examples of how operating in an uncertain, high-risk market like those in the Darknet actually breeds innovation that he believes can be applied to all markets in the future. As he points out, because vendors are always thinking of new ways to get around and protect themselves, the Darknet has become more decentralized, more customer friendly, harder to censor, and more innovative. As our societies are increasingly searching for more ways to retain privacy online, such changes as those occurring in the Darknet are not only innovative, but could be beneficial to commercial online websites and markets.

Other media

Traditional media and news channels like ABC News have also featured articles examining the Darknet.[92] Vanity Fair magazine published an article in October 2016 entitled "The Other Internet". The article discusses the rise of the Dark Net and mentions that the stakes have become high in a lawless digital wilderness. It mentions that vulnerability is a weakness in a network's defenses. Other topics include the e-commerce versions of conventional black markets, cyberweaponry from TheRealDeal, and role of operations security.[93]

See also

References

  1. ^ Greenberg, Andy (19 November 2014). "Hacker Lexicon: What Is the dark web?". Wired. Archived from the original on 30 August 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ Egan, Matt (12 January 2015). "What is the dark web? How to access the dark website – How to turn out the lights and access the dark web (and why you might want to)". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ Solomon, Jane (6 May 2015). "The Deep Web vs. The dark web". Archived from the original on 9 May 2015. Retrieved 26 May 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ Greenberg, Andy (19 November 2014). "Hacker Lexicon: What Is the dark web?". Wired. Archived from the original on 7 June 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)"Clearing Up Confusion – Deep Web vs. dark web". BrightPlanet. Archived from the original on 2015-05-16. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ a b NPR Staff (25 May 2014). "Going Dark: The Internet Behind The Internet". Archived from the original on 27 May 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ The dark web Revealed. Popular Science. pp. 20–21
  7. ^ Greenberg, Andy (19 November 2014). "Hacker Lexicon: What Is the dark web?". Wired. Archived from the original on 7 June 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ "Clearnet vs hidden services – why you should be careful". DeepDotWeb. Archived from the original on 28 June 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ Chacos, Brad (12 August 2013). "Meet Darknet, the hidden, anonymous underbelly of the searchable Web". Archived from the original on 12 August 2015. Retrieved 16 August 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ Beckett, Andy (26 November 2009). "The dark side of the internet". Archived from the original on 8 September 2013. Retrieved 9 August 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ Deep Web (film)
  12. ^ Daily Mail Reporter (11 October 2013). "The disturbing world of the Deep Web, where contract killers and drug dealers ply their trade on the internet". Archived from the original on 25 May 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ "NASA is indexing the 'Deep Web' to show mankind what Google won't". Fusion. Archived from the original on 2015-06-30. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ "Clearing Up Confusion – Deep Web vs. Dark Web". BrightPlanet. Archived from the original on 2015-05-16. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ Solomon, Jane (6 May 2015). "The Deep Web vs. The Dark Web". Archived from the original on 9 May 2015. Retrieved 26 May 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ Greenberg, Andy (19 November 2014). "Hacker Lexicon: What Is the Dark Web?". Archived from the original on 7 June 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ "The Deep Web and Its Darknets – h+ Media". h+ Media. 2015-06-29. Archived from the original on 2015-07-06. Retrieved 2016-11-18. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ "The 21st Century DarkNet Market: Lessons from the Fall of Silk Road: Start Your Search!". eds.b.ebscohost.com. Retrieved 2016-10-26.
  19. ^ Crenshaw,, Adrian. "Darknets and hidden servers: Identifying the true ip/network identity of i2p service hosts, Black Hat (2011)". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  20. ^ Moore, Daniel (2016). "Cryptopolitik and the Darknet". Survival (00396338). 58 (1): 7–38. 32p. doi:10.1080/00396338.2016.1142085.
  21. ^ Darknet, Social Media, and Extremism: Addressing Indonesian Counterterrorism on the Internet Archived 2017-06-04 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ "The Dark Net. Rolling Stone, 0035791X, 11/5/2015, Issue 1247". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  23. ^ a b "A Marketer's Guide to the Dark Web: Start Your Search!". eds.b.ebscohost.com. Retrieved 2016-10-27.
  24. ^ Owen, Gareth. "Dr Gareth Owen: Tor: Hidden Services and Deanonymisation". Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  25. ^ Moore, Daniel. "Cryptopolitik and the Darknet". Survival: Global Politics and Strategy. Retrieved 2016-03-20.
  26. ^ Cox, Joseph (2016-02-01). "Study Claims Dark Web Sites Are Most Commonly Used for Crimes". Retrieved 2016-03-20.
  27. ^ a b c Mark, Ward (30 December 2014). "Tor's most visited hidden sites host child abuse images". BBC News. Archived from the original on 25 April 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  28. ^ "Everything You Need to Know on Tor & the Deep Web". whoishostingthis. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  29. ^ Cox, Joseph (25 February 2015). "What Firewall? China's Fledgling Deep Web Community". Archived from the original on 20 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  30. ^ Paul, Kari (9 December 2015). "I Bought Adorable Cookies on the Deep Web". tufan. Archived from the original on 2015-12-11. Retrieved 10 December 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  31. ^ tweet_btn(), Iain Thomson in San Francisco 29 Jul 2017 at 09:32. "Dark web doesn't exist, says Tor's Dingledine. And folks use network for privacy, not crime". Archived from the original on 2017-07-31. Retrieved 2017-07-31. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  32. ^ Moore, Daniel (2016). "Cryptopolitik and the Darknet". Survival: Global Politics and Strategy. 58: 7. doi:10.1080/00396338.2016.1142085. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
  33. ^ Cox, Joseph (1 February 2016). "Study Claims Dark Web Sites Are Most Commonly Used for Crime". Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  34. ^ Reeve, Tom (30 September 2015). "Extortion on the cards". Archived from the original on 10 December 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  35. ^ Allison, Ian (11 February 2015). "Bitcoin tumbler: The business of covering tracks in the world of cryptocurrency laundering". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  36. ^ "Helix Updates: Integrated Markets Can Now Helix Your BTC". 5 August 2015. Archived from the original on 21 February 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  37. ^ Richet, Jean-Loup (June 2013). "Laundering Money Online: a review of cybercriminals methods". arXiv:1310.2368 [cs.CY].
  38. ^ Richet, Jean-Loup (2012). "How to Become a Black Hat Hacker? An Exploratory Study of Barriers to Entry Into Cybercrime". 17th AIM Symposium. Archived from the original on 2017-01-05. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  39. ^ "Concepts of illicit drug quality among darknet market users: Purity, embodied experience, craft and chemical knowledge". International Journal of Drug Policy. 35.
  40. ^ "Stay Clear of the Darknet". Tech Directions. 75.
  41. ^ Burleigh, Nina (19 February 2015). "The Rise and Fall of Silk Road, the dark web's Amazon". Archived from the original on 25 May 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  42. ^ Greenberg, Andy (17 April 2015). "New Dark-Web Market Is Selling Zero-Day Exploits to Hackers". Wired. Archived from the original on 25 May 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  43. ^ a b Holden, Alex (10 February 2015). "Ukraine crisis: Combatants scouring dark web for advice on bridge bombing and anti-tank missiles". Archived from the original on 29 May 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  44. ^ a b "Buying drugs on a Darknet market: A better deal? Studying the online illicit drug market through the analysis of digital, physical and chemical data". Forensic Science International. 267. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.08.032.
  45. ^ "Characterising dark net marketplace purchasers in a sample of regular psychostimulant users". International Journal of Drug Policy. 35.
  46. ^ Holden, Alex (15 January 2015). "A new breed of lone wolf hackers are roaming the deep web – and their prey is getting bigger". Archived from the original on 28 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  47. ^ "Hacking communities in the Deep Web". 15 May 2015. Archived from the original on 28 April 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  48. ^ Cox, Joseph (12 November 2015). "A dark web Hacker Is Hunting Potential Pedophiles to Extort Them for Money". Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  49. ^ "The Dark Net: Policing the Internet's Underworld". World Policy Journal. 32.
  50. ^ "Large-Scale Monitoring for Cyber Attacks by Using Cluster Information on Darknet Traffic Features". Procedia Computer Science. 53.
  51. ^ "Inferring distributed reflection denial of service attacks from darknet". Computer Communications. 62.
  52. ^ Cox, Joseph (14 January 2016). "Dark Web Vendor Sentenced for Dealing Counterfeit Coupons". Archived from the original on 24 January 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  53. ^ DeepDotWeb (28 May 2015). "Secrets to Unmasking Bitcoin Scams – 4 Eye Opening Case Studies". Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  54. ^ Greenberg, Andy (18 November 2013). "Meet The 'Assassination Market' Creator Who's Crowdfunding Murder With Bitcoins". Forbes. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  55. ^ Cox1, Joseph (18 May 2016). "This Fake Hitman Site Is the Most Elaborate, Twisted Dark Web Scam Yet". Archived from the original on 21 June 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  56. ^ Ormsby, Eileen (3 August 2012). "Conversation with a hitman (or not)". Archived from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  57. ^ Nicole Hong, "Silk Road Founder Ross Ulbricht Sentenced to Life in Prison" Archived 2017-06-13 at the Wayback Machine, Wall Street Journal, May 29, 2015.
  58. ^ Andy Greenberg, "Silk Road Creator Ross Ulbricht Sentenced to Life in Prison" Archived 2015-05-29 at the Wayback Machine, Wired, May 29, 2015.
  59. ^ Ormsby, Eileen (29 August 2015). "Waiting in the Red Room". Archived from the original on 29 August 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  60. ^ Howell O'Neill, Patrick (28 August 2015). "Dark Net site promised to livestream torture and execution of 7 ISIS jihadists". Archived from the original on 11 September 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  61. ^ Barton, Hannah (25 October 2015). "The spooky, twisted saga of the Deep Web horror game 'Sad Satan'". Archived from the original on 23 November 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  62. ^ http://hplusmagazine.com/2015/06/29/the-deep-web-and-its-darknets/
  63. ^ Stockley, Mark (1 July 2015). "Hundreds of Dark Web sites cloned and "booby trapped"". Archived from the original on 11 December 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  64. ^ Fox-Brewster, Thomas (18 November 2014). "Many Sites That Fell In Epic Onymous Tor Takedown 'Were Scams Or Legit'". Forbes. Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  65. ^ "Beware of Phishing Scams On Clearnet Sites! (darknetmarkets.org)". DeepDotWeb. 3 July 2015. Archived from the original on 22 February 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  66. ^ "Warning: More Onion Cloner Phishing Scams". 22 April 2015. Archived from the original on 20 December 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  67. ^ Bell, Chris (25 November 2013). "The internet mystery that has the world baffled". Archived from the original on 25 November 2013. Retrieved 8 December 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  68. ^ Willacy, Mark (26 August 2015). "Secret 'dark net' operation saves scores of children from abuse; ringleader Shannon McCoole behind bars after police take over child porn site". Archived from the original on 26 August 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  69. ^ Conditt, Jessica (8 January 2016). "FBI hacked the Dark Web to bust 1,500 pedophiles". Archived from the original on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  70. ^ Cox, Joseph (5 January 2016). "The FBI's 'Unprecedented' Hacking Campaign Targeted Over a Thousand Computers". Archived from the original on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  71. ^ Farivar, Cyrus (16 June 2015). "Feds bust through huge Tor-hidden child porn site using questionable malware". Archived from the original on 9 August 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  72. ^ Evans, Robert (16 June 2015). "5 Things I Learned Infiltrating Deep Web Child Molesters". Archived from the original on 26 August 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  73. ^ Cox, Joseph (11 November 2014). "As the FBI Cleans the Dark Net, Sites Far More Evil Than Silk Road Live On". Archived from the original on 26 July 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  74. ^ Markowitz, Eric (10 July 2014). "The Dark Net: A Safe Haven for Revenge Porn?". Archived from the original on 26 November 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  75. ^ Cub, Nik (17 November 2014). "FBI seizes fake Tor hosted Jihad funding website as part of Operation Onymous, leaves up real site". Archived from the original on 14 January 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  76. ^ Cuthbertson, Anthony (25 November 2015). "Hackers replace dark web Isis propaganda site with advert for Prozac". Archived from the original on 26 November 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  77. ^ "Jihadist cell in Europe 'sought recruits for Iraq and Syria'". BBC News. 12 November 2015. Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  78. ^ Lev Grossman (11 November 2013). "The Secret Web: Where Drugs, Porn and Murder Live Online". TIME.com. Archived from the original on 28 February 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  79. ^ Swearingen, Jake (2 October 2014). "A Year After Death of Silk Road, Darknet Markets Are Booming". Archived from the original on 25 May 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  80. ^ Franceschi-Bicchierai, Lorenzo (13 May 2015). "Hackers Tried To Hold a Darknet Market For a Bitcoin Ransom". Archived from the original on 17 May 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  81. ^ Solon, Olivia (3 February 2013). "Police crack down on Silk Road following first drug dealer conviction". Archived from the original on 28 May 2015. Retrieved 27 May 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  82. ^ Koebler, Jason (23 February 2015). "The Closest Thing to a Map of the Dark Net: Pastebin". Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 14 July 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  83. ^ Simonite, Tom (18 March 2016). "The Surprising Light Side of the Dark Web". Retrieved 20 March 2016.
  84. ^ Ricard (2 August 2015). "Interpol dark web Training Course". Archived from the original on 8 August 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  85. ^ Rose, David (13 October 2013). "Secrets of the UK's new FBI: Police chief reveals elite force of 5,000 'super' agents will wage a high-tech manhunt for Britain's most wanted criminals". Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  86. ^ Box, Joseph (8 November 2015). "The UK Will Police the dark web with a New Task Force". Archived from the original on 10 November 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  87. ^ Finklea, Kristin (2017-03-10). "Dark Web" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-20. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  88. ^ Johnson, Tim (2017-08-02). "Shocked by gruesome crime, cyber execs help FBI on dark web". Idaho Statesman.
  89. ^ Burrell, Ian (August 28, 2014). "The Dark Net:Inside the Digital Underworld by Jamie Bartlett, book review". Independent. Archived from the original on June 20, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  90. ^ "The Growth of Dark Subcultures On the Internet, The Leonard Lopate Show". WNYC. June 2, 2015. Archived from the original on October 20, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  91. ^ Bartlett, Jamie (June 2015). "How the mysterious dark net is going mainstream". ted.com. Archived from the original on 2016-10-20. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  92. ^ Viney, Steven (January 27, 2016). "Print Email Facebook Twitter More What is the dark net, and how will it shape the future of the digital age?". ABC. Archived from the original on October 20, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  93. ^ "The Other Internet". Vanity Fair. 58.

Further reading

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dark_web&oldid=839428405"