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[[Omar Abdullah]], former chief minister, called the government's move on the Article 370 "unilateral and shocking". He deemed it a "total betrayal of the trust that the people of Jammu and Kashmir had reposed in India when the state acceded to it in 1947".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/jammu-and-kashmir-to-be-separate-union-territory/article28819858.ece |title=Centre scraps Article 370, bifurcates J&K into two Union Territories |work=Business Line|date=5 August 2019|accessdate=2019-08-08}}</ref>
[[Omar Abdullah]], former chief minister, called the government's move on the Article 370 "unilateral and shocking". He deemed it a "total betrayal of the trust that the people of Jammu and Kashmir had reposed in India when the state acceded to it in 1947".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/jammu-and-kashmir-to-be-separate-union-territory/article28819858.ece |title=Centre scraps Article 370, bifurcates J&K into two Union Territories |work=Business Line|date=5 August 2019|accessdate=2019-08-08}}</ref>


Member of the [[Lok Sabha]] for [[Ladakh]], [[Jamyang Tsering Namgyal]], praised the abrogation of Article 370 and the proposed formation of a separate Ladakh union territory and said he hoped the move will encourage development and create jobs in the region. He added "Under Kashmir, our development, our political aspiration, our identity, our language, if all of this got lost, it is because of Article 370".<ref>https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/-with-article-370-gone-future-of-ladakh-now-is-very-bright-1565363595231.html</ref>
A member of the [[Lok Sabha]] for [[Ladakh]], [[Jamyang Tsering Namgyal]], praised the abrogation of Article 370 and the proposed formation of a separate Ladakh union territory and said he hoped the move will encourage development and create jobs in the region. He added "Under Kashmir, our development, our political aspiration, our identity, our language, if all of this got lost, it is because of Article 370".<ref name="livemint/9aug2019">{{cite news |last1=Khanna |first1=Pretika |title=‘With Article 370 gone, future of Ladakh now is very bright’ |url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/-with-article-370-gone-future-of-ladakh-now-is-very-bright-1565363595231.html |accessdate=9 August 2019 |work=livemint|date=9 August 2019 |language=en}}</ref>


Religious and political organisations in Kargil, including the influential [[Imam Khomeini Memorial Trust, Kargil|Imam Khomeini Memorial Trust]], condemned the Indian government for acting "without the consent from the people" and called for a shutdown in the [[Kargil district]]. Kargil political leader [[Asgar Ali Karbalai]] said the people of Kargil considered any division of the state on the grounds of "religion, language or region" as undemocratic.<ref>{{cite news|last=Saaliq|first=Sheikh |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/indias-decision-to-split-kashmir-met-with-protests/2019/08/07/c1bd43ec-b91f-11e9-8e83-4e6687e99814_story.html |title=India’s decision to split Kashmir met with protests|agency=Associated Press|via=''The Washington Post'' |date=7 August 2019|accessdate=2019-08-08}}</ref> Earlier, the MP for Ladakh, [[Jamyang Tsering Namgyal]], had claimed that the move had support from all regions of Ladakh.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/article-370-debate-kashmir-bjp-mp-ladakh-tsering-namgyal-1577897-2019-08-06 |title=2 families still think Kashmir is their father's property, says BJP MP from Ladakh Tsering Namgyal |work=India Today|date=6 August 2019|accessdate=2019-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/ladakh-mp-jamyang-tsering-namgyal-makes-his-mark-with-ls-speech-on-jk-bifurcation-wins-appreciation-of-partys-top-brass-7119871.html |title=Ladakh MP Jamyang Tsering Namgyal makes his mark with LS speech on J&K bifurcation, wins appreciation of party's top brass| website=Firstpost |date=7 August 2019|accessdate=2019-08-08|quote=Someone said that there is a bandh in Kargil (as the region purportedly opposed the Centre's move). I am a Member of Parliament from that region, and I can say that over 70 percent people of the people in Kargil are very happy. People here often confuse the entirety of Kargil with one road or a small market.}}</ref>
Religious and political organisations in Kargil, including the influential [[Imam Khomeini Memorial Trust, Kargil|Imam Khomeini Memorial Trust]], condemned the Indian government for acting "without the consent from the people" and called for a shutdown in the [[Kargil district]]. Kargil political leader [[Asgar Ali Karbalai]] said the people of Kargil considered any division of the state on the grounds of "religion, language or region" as undemocratic.<ref>{{cite news|last=Saaliq|first=Sheikh |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/indias-decision-to-split-kashmir-met-with-protests/2019/08/07/c1bd43ec-b91f-11e9-8e83-4e6687e99814_story.html |title=India’s decision to split Kashmir met with protests|agency=Associated Press|via=''The Washington Post'' |date=7 August 2019|accessdate=2019-08-08}}</ref> Earlier, the MP for Ladakh, [[Jamyang Tsering Namgyal]], had claimed that the move had support from all regions of Ladakh.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/article-370-debate-kashmir-bjp-mp-ladakh-tsering-namgyal-1577897-2019-08-06 |title=2 families still think Kashmir is their father's property, says BJP MP from Ladakh Tsering Namgyal |work=India Today|date=6 August 2019|accessdate=2019-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/ladakh-mp-jamyang-tsering-namgyal-makes-his-mark-with-ls-speech-on-jk-bifurcation-wins-appreciation-of-partys-top-brass-7119871.html |title=Ladakh MP Jamyang Tsering Namgyal makes his mark with LS speech on J&K bifurcation, wins appreciation of party's top brass| website=Firstpost |date=7 August 2019|accessdate=2019-08-08|quote=Someone said that there is a bandh in Kargil (as the region purportedly opposed the Centre's move). I am a Member of Parliament from that region, and I can say that over 70 percent people of the people in Kargil are very happy. People here often confuse the entirety of Kargil with one road or a small market.}}</ref>

On 8 August, the [[Ladakh Buddhist Association]] organised a thanksgiving programme in Leh to celebrate the proposed formation of a union territory for Ladakh which was attended by political and religious leaders. It was also reported that Muslim leaders in Leh celebrated by raising the flag of India over a historic mosque in the town. <ref>https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/-with-article-370-gone-future-of-ladakh-now-is-very-bright-1565363595231.html</ref>


==National reactions==
==National reactions==
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[[YSR Congress Party]]'s parliamentary party leader [[V. Vijayasai Reddy]] supported the scrapping of Article 370 and termed the step as a "courageous and daring" step by Amit Shah.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-parties-ysrcp-tdp-support-centres-move-to-scrap-article-370-552240|title=Andhra Pradesh parties YSRCP, TDP support Centre's move to scrap Article 370 |agency=Indo-Asian News Service|via=''The Hans India''|date=5 August 2019|access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref> Member of Parliament from [[Telugu Desam Party]], [[Kanakamedala Ravindra Kumar]] said, "I must congratulate the Home Minister and PM as by strong implementation of this, the people of J&K must be relieved from all this tension and live happily and become a part of the country" and welcomed the move.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tdp-ysrcp-support-union-govt-s-proposal-scrap-article-370-kashmir-106698 |title=TDP, YSRCP support Union govt’s proposal to scrap Article 370 in Kashmir|website=The News Minute|date=5 August 2019|access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref>
[[YSR Congress Party]]'s parliamentary party leader [[V. Vijayasai Reddy]] supported the scrapping of Article 370 and termed the step as a "courageous and daring" step by Amit Shah.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-parties-ysrcp-tdp-support-centres-move-to-scrap-article-370-552240|title=Andhra Pradesh parties YSRCP, TDP support Centre's move to scrap Article 370 |agency=Indo-Asian News Service|via=''The Hans India''|date=5 August 2019|access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref> Member of Parliament from [[Telugu Desam Party]], [[Kanakamedala Ravindra Kumar]] said, "I must congratulate the Home Minister and PM as by strong implementation of this, the people of J&K must be relieved from all this tension and live happily and become a part of the country" and welcomed the move.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tdp-ysrcp-support-union-govt-s-proposal-scrap-article-370-kashmir-106698 |title=TDP, YSRCP support Union govt’s proposal to scrap Article 370 in Kashmir|website=The News Minute|date=5 August 2019|access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref>

Members of [[Janta Dal United]] initially walked out of the Rajya Sabha during the voting process. Later they said that they would accept the revoking of Article 370.


==International reactions==
==International reactions==

Revision as of 23:02, 9 August 2019

On 5 August 2019, the Government of India revoked the special status granted to the state of Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 of the Indian Constitution through a series of far-reaching measures. The Kashmir Valley was placed under a virtual lock down with all communication lines cut and political leaders placed under house arrest. President of India Ram Nath Kovind issued a Presidential Order under the power of Article 370, overriding the prevailing 1954 Presidential Order, nullifying all the provisions of autonomy granted to the state. Home Minister Amit Shah introduced a Reorganisation Bill in the Indian Parliament, seeking to divide the state into two union territories to be governed by a Lieutenant Governor. The bill was quickly passed in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house, with the support of regional parties before being presented to the Lok Sabha or lower house the next day.[1]

While international human rights groups condemned the actions, Hindu nationalists celebrated, claiming that the measures would bring peace and investment to Kashmir.[1]

Government clampdown

Prior to the revocation of the status, the Ministry of Home Affairs granted approval for the mobilization of thousands of paramilitary security troops into Jammu and Kashmir, citing reason to maintain law and order in the area.[2] On August 2, Indian Army said that the Pakistani Army and terrorists are “planning to upscale violence” and tried to “target the Yatra recently.”[2] The Government of India notified students and tourists, both local and foreign, to leave Jammu and Kashmir.[3]

These actions sparked fears that India would soon be revoking Jammu and Kashmir's special status.[3] However on August 3, Omar Abdullah said that Governor Satya Pal Malik “assured him there was no initiative in progress to dilute Article 35A of the Constitution, start delimitation or trifurcate.”[2]

On 4 August, After satellite phones were distributed in central, north and south Kashmir among the security forces,[2] the government ordered a total communication blackout, shutting down cable TV, landlines, cellphones and the internet.[4] Many news sources reported an effective curfew[5][6] (although The Telegraph of Kolkata reports that the government didn't officially announce a curfew[5]). Doctors and district administrators were advised to remain on standby.[7] Section 144 was imposed and local state police were disarmed.[8][9] Concrete barricades blocked roads every few hundred meters.[5] Shops and clinics were closed,[4] as were all educational institutions[7] and a red alert was sounded across Jammu and Kashmir.[2]

Many Indian media reported that they had no information coming from the Kashmir valley and could not even ascertain if their correspondents were safe or not.[10] Journalist were not issued curfew passes.[5] The Committee to Protect Journalists reported a journalist had been arrested on unspecified charges.[11] Many journalists reported being stopped by soldiers and others stated they had to send photos out of the state via USB drives.[12] According to CPJ, the editor, who spoke to them said he " fear that they will arrest journalists, especially those who will report what is happening".[13]

As per reports, authorities arrested approximately 500 people, including several Kashmiri leaders to prevent any protest or outbreak of violence.[14] Jammu and Kashmir's former chief ministers Mehbooba Mufti and Omar Abdullah,[15] and MLAs Mohammed Yousuf Tarigami and Engineer Rashid were among those arrested by the security forces.[2]

Reactions from within Jammu and Kashmir

Former chief minister Mehbooba Mufti called it the "blackest day of Indian democracy". She felt that the Indian Parliament snatched away everything from the people of Jammu and Kashmir.[1]

Omar Abdullah, former chief minister, called the government's move on the Article 370 "unilateral and shocking". He deemed it a "total betrayal of the trust that the people of Jammu and Kashmir had reposed in India when the state acceded to it in 1947".[16]

A member of the Lok Sabha for Ladakh, Jamyang Tsering Namgyal, praised the abrogation of Article 370 and the proposed formation of a separate Ladakh union territory and said he hoped the move will encourage development and create jobs in the region. He added "Under Kashmir, our development, our political aspiration, our identity, our language, if all of this got lost, it is because of Article 370".[17]

Religious and political organisations in Kargil, including the influential Imam Khomeini Memorial Trust, condemned the Indian government for acting "without the consent from the people" and called for a shutdown in the Kargil district. Kargil political leader Asgar Ali Karbalai said the people of Kargil considered any division of the state on the grounds of "religion, language or region" as undemocratic.[18] Earlier, the MP for Ladakh, Jamyang Tsering Namgyal, had claimed that the move had support from all regions of Ladakh.[19][20]

National reactions

Oppose

Historian Ramachandra Guha said that the President of India had apparently acted in "haste".[21]

When a very complex order or a proposal by the government comes to you, it's obligatory for the President to consider it, to reflect upon it, to return it, especially when it is juxtaposed by the news that the Valley is shut down, former chief ministers are placed under house arrest, and landlines and mobiles have been completely obliterated. I think the President acted in haste and unwisely.[21]

He asked every Indian to reflect on the arbitrary misuse of state power.[21]

Constitutional scholar A. G. Noorani said that the Indian government's decision to abrogate Article 370 through controversial means was "utterly and palpably unconstitutional".[22] He said the Reorganisation Bill was not only unconstitutional, it was fraudulent.[1]

The Chief Minister of Rajasthan, a congress leader condemned the government's arrest of Kashmiri leaders Mehbooba Mufti and Omar Abdullah.[23] Chief Minister of Punjab Amarinder Singh, a congress leader also termed the revocation of Article 370 as “totally unconstitutional” and said "This will set a bad precedent as it would mean that the Centre could reorganise any state in the country by simply imposing President’s rule.”[24]

Hundreds of people protested in New Delhi to protest against the Indian government decision and called it a "death of Indian democracy". The protestors asked Indian government to reconsider its decision. D. Raja General Secretary of the Communist Party of India called the Indian government move "an assault on Indian constitution".[25]

A Indian National Congress activist filed a petition in the Supreme Court of India to challenge the communications blackout and curfew in Kashmir region in which approximately 500 people were arrested, including several Kashmiri leaders.[26][27] Rahul Gandhi also criticized Indian government for arresting the Kashmiri political leaders and called the detentions "unconstitutional & undemocratic."[28]

Support

Congress leader and Deputy Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, Jyotiraditya Scindia, supported the government's action to remove abrogating article 370. He wrote on Twitter, "I support the move on #JammuAndKashmir & #Ladakh and its full integration into union of India."[29] Also, Congress leader Deepender Singh Hooda contended that the abrogation of the provisions of Article 370 in Jammu and Kashmir "is in the interest of national integrity".[29]

Congress Rajya Sabha chief whip, Bhubaneswar Kalita resigned over Congress's stand on revoking special status of Jammu and Kashmir and stated that, “The ideology of Congress today looks like it is committing suicide and I do not want to be a part of it."[30] Congress politician Janardan Dwivedi welcomed the abrogation of the provisions of Article 370 in Jammu and Kashmir, saying even though it came late, a "historical mistake" had been corrected.[29]

YSR Congress Party's parliamentary party leader V. Vijayasai Reddy supported the scrapping of Article 370 and termed the step as a "courageous and daring" step by Amit Shah.[31] Member of Parliament from Telugu Desam Party, Kanakamedala Ravindra Kumar said, "I must congratulate the Home Minister and PM as by strong implementation of this, the people of J&K must be relieved from all this tension and live happily and become a part of the country" and welcomed the move.[32]

International reactions

Pakistan's response

Immediately after India revoked Article 370 of its constitution that gives special rights to the Kashmir, the Foreign Office issued a statement stating, "As a party to this international dispute, Pakistan will exercise all possible options to counter the illegal steps." and that "No unilateral step by the Government of India can change this disputed status, as enshrined in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) resolutions. Nor will this ever be acceptable to the people of Jammu & Kashmir and Pakistan."[33] President of Pakistan Arif Alvi summoned an emergency joint parliamentary sitting of the National Assembly and the Senate to discuss the situation.[34] On 7 August, The joint parliamentary sitting passed a resolution to condemn India's move and called it "illegal, unilateral, reckless and coercive attempt to alter the disputed status of Indian occupied Kashmir as enshrined in the UNSC resolutions".[35]

On 7 August, a meeting of the National Security Committee was held to review the situation and decided to downgrade Pakistan's diplomatic relations with India and suspend all bilateral trade. It also resolved to review of bilateral arrangements between India and Pakistan and decided the matter to be taken to United Nations, including the Security Council. It was decided to recall Pakistan's ambassador from India and expel the Indian ambassador to Pakistan.[36]

On 8 August, Pakistan's Minister for Railways Sheikh Rashid Ahmed suspended the Samjhauta Express train service[37] and also announced to suspend the Thar Express passenger train service, saying that “As long as I am railways minister, Samjhauta Express and Thar Express will not operate. That's it.”[38] The same day, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting decided to ban all cultural exchanges with India, including banning the screening of Indian films and dramas inside Pakistan.[39]

Pakistan's Foreign Minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi in a press conference announced that Pakistan will remain committed to open the Kartarpur Corridor for Sikhs despite the tensions and said that "We are ready to welcome our Sikh brothers and sisters for Baba Guru Nanak’s 550th (birth) anniversary".[40]

On 9 August, Shah Mehmood Qureshi travelled to China to hold consultations with the Chinese Foreign Minister over the situation in Jammu and Kashmir.[41]

Other states

  •  Bangladesh - Road Transport and Bridges Minister Obaidul Quader said that "Revocation of Art 370 for Jammu and Kashmir is an internal matter of India" and that other states "have no right to say anything about other's domestic affair".[42]
  •  China - Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying opposed the integration of the Ladakh Union Territory into India's administrative jurisdiction, saying "it undermined China's territorial sovereignty" she went on to say: "India's action is unacceptable and would not have any legal effect," regarding disputed territory on the China–India border. Regarding Kashmir in general, Hua affirmed that "the Kashmir issue is an issue left from the past between India and Pakistan".[43]
  •  Malaysia - Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad expressed concern over the situation in Jammu and Kashmir over a telephone call with Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan.[44] The Foreign Ministry in a statement said "Malaysia is monitoring the situation in Jammu and Kashmir. Malaysia has close and friendly relations with both India and Pakistan. Malaysia encourages the two close neighbors to re-engage in dialogue and negotiations with a view to de-escalate the on-going situation and finding an amicable solution."[45]
  •  Maldives - An official statement issued by the Government of the Maldives read "The decision taken by the Government of India regarding Article 370 of the Indian Constitution as an internal matter". We believe that it is the right of every sovereign nation to amend their laws as required".[46]
  •  Sri Lanka - Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe welcomed the abrogation of Article 370 and the formation of the Ladakh union territory adding that "I understand Ladakh will finally become a Union Territory. With over 70% Buddhist it will be the first Indian state with a Buddhist majority".[47]
  •  Turkey - President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan expressed his concerns over the situation mounting in the region and said he had a telephonic conversation with Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan and that he would get in touch with Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi in hopes to reduce tensions.[48][49]
  •  United Arab Emirates - The UAE Ambassador to India, Ahmed al-Banna, backed the Indian government[50] and said "We expect that the changes would improve social justice and security and confidence of the people in the local governance and will encourage further stability and peace."[51]
  •  United States - Morgan Ortagus, the US State Department spokesperson, called India's move to revoke Article 370 an "strictly internal matter" however expressed concerns regarding detentions in the state and said "We are concerned about reports of detentions and urge respect for individual rights and discussion with those in affected communities."[53] The Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs of the US State Department in a statement said "the Indian government did not consult or inform the US Government before moving to revoke Jammu and Kashmir's special constitutional status".[54]

Organisations

  •  European Union - The European Union is closely monitoring the situation in the region. At a press conference EU spokesperson for foreign affairs, Carlos Martin Ruiz de Gordejuela, stated "Our main message here is that it is very important to avoid any escalation of tension in Kashmir and in the region".[55]
  •  Organisation of Islamic Cooperation - The OIC's Contact Group on Jammu and Kashmir expressed "deep concern" over the developments in the region and condemned the India's move calling it "illegal and unilateral".[56]
  •  United Nations - António Guterres, Secretary-General of the UN, expressed his concern over "restrictions" in Jammu and Kashmir saying that the curbs "could exacerbate the human rights situation in the region".[57] Stéphane Dujarric, the UN spokesperson, expressed concern over India's move to revoke the special status of Kashmir and said that "the United Nations Secretary-General all along maintained that Pakistan and India should resolve all outstanding disputes between the two countries through dialogue including Kashmir." He urged both India and Pakistan to exercise restraint.[58] David Kaye, the UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression described the communication blackout imposed by India as 'unprecedented' and 'draconian'.[59]

Non-state actors

  • Taliban - Taliban spokesman Zabiullah Mujahid slammed Pakistan for linking the situation in Afghanistan with the Kashmir issue saying that "Linking the issue of Kashmir with that of Afghanistan by some parties will not aid in improving the crisis at hand because the issue of Afghanistan is not related nor should Afghanistan be turned into the theatre of competition between other countries."[60]

References

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  2. ^ a b c d e f Desk, The Hindu Net (5 August 2019). "Jammu and Kashmir: A timeline of recent events". The Hindu. Retrieved 9 August 2019. {{cite news}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
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