|Observing one's partner engaged in sexual activities with another person<ref name=Milner2008/><ref name="Seto2000" />
|[[Cuckold]]ism, watching one's partner have sex with someone else, possibly without the third party's knowledge<ref name="Seto2000" /><ref>{{cite journal | last = Wernik | first = U | year = 1990| title = The nature of explanation in sexology and the riddle of triolism. | journal = Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = 5–20 | doi = 10.1007/BF00849719 }}</ref>
Paraphilias are sexual interests in objects, situations, or individuals that are atypical. The American Psychiatric Association, in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM), draws a distinction between paraphilias (which it describes as atypical sexual interests) and paraphilic disorders (which additionally require the experience of distress or impairment in functioning).[1][2] Some paraphilias have more than one term to describe them, and some terms overlap with others. Paraphilias without DSM codes listed come under DSM 302.9, "Paraphilia NOS (Not Otherwise Specified)".
In his 2008 book on sexual pathologies, Anil Aggrawal compiled a list of 547 terms describing paraphilic sexual interests. He cautioned, however, that "not all these paraphilias have necessarily been seen in clinical setups. This may not be because they do not exist, but because they are so innocuous they are never brought to the notice of clinicians or dismissed by them. Like allergies, sexual arousal may occur from anything under the sun, including the sun."[3]
Most of the following names for paraphilias, constructed in the nineteenth and especially twentieth centuries from Greek and Latin roots (see List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes), are used in medical contexts only.
Pain, particularly involving an erogenous zone; differs from masochism as there is a biologically different interpretation of the sensation rather than a subjective interpretation[8]
Deformed or monstrous people.[3] The term is also sometimes used in a more literal sense (from ancient greek τέρας, teras, meaning monster) for attraction to monstrous mythical and fictional creatures such as werewolves.
^ abcdefghijklmnopqMilner, JS; Dopke CA (2008). "Paraphilia Not Otherwise Specified: Psychopathology and theory". In Laws DR & O'Donohue WT (ed.). Sexual Deviance, Second Edition: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment. New York: The Guilford Press. pp. 384–418. ISBN978-1-59385-605-2.
^Money, J; Simcoe KW (1986). "Acrotomophilia, sex, and disability: New concepts and case report". Sexuality and Disability. 7 (1/2): 43–50. doi:10.1007/BF01101829.
^Money, J; Lamacz, M (1984). "Gynemimesis and gynemimetophilia: Individual and cross-cultural manifestations of a gender-coping strategy hitherto unnamed". Comprehensive Psychiatry. 25 (4): 392–403. doi:10.1016/0010-440X(84)90074-9. PMID6467919.
^Smith, R. C. (2004). "Amputee identity disorder and related paraphilias". Psychiatry. 3 (8): 27–30. doi:10.1383/psyt.3.8.27.43394.
^ abcdefghijklmnoMoney, John (1988). Lovemaps: Clinical Concepts of Sexual/Erotic Health and Pathology, Paraphilia, and Gender Transposition in Childhood, Adolescence, and Maturity. Buffalo, N.Y: Prometheus Books. ISBN978-0-87975-456-3.
^ abcdefSeto, MC; Barbaree HE (2000). "Paraphilias". In Hersen M; Van Hasselt VB (ed.). Aggression and violence: an introductory text. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. pp. 198–213. ISBN978-0-205-26721-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
^Cantor, J. M., & Sutton, K. S. (2014). Paraphilia, gender dysphoria, and hypersexuality. In P. H. Blaney & T. Millon (Eds.), Oxford textbook of psychopathology (3rd ed.) (pp. 589–614). New York: Oxford University Press.
^ abcLawrence, A. A. (2009). "Erotic target location errors: An underappreciated paraphilic dimension". The Journal of Sex Research. 46 (2–3): 194–215. doi:10.1080/00224490902747727. PMID19308843.
^McCully, R. S. (1964). "Vampirism: Historical perspective and underlying process in relation to a case of auto-vampirism". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 139 (5): 440–451. doi:10.1097/00005053-196411000-00004.
^Ribisl KM, Lee RE, Henriksen L, Haladjian HH, "A content analysis of Web sites promoting smoking culture and lifestyle", Health Educ Behav. 2003 Feb;30(1):64-78
^Terry, L. L.; Suschinsky, K. D.; Lalumiere, M. L.; Vasey, P. L. (2012). "Feederism: An exaggeration of a normative mate selection preference?". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 41 (1): 249–260. doi:10.1007/s10508-012-9925-7. PMID22392517.
^Dewaraja, R; Money J (1986). "Transcultural sexology: Formicophilia, a newly named paraphilia in a young Buddhist male". Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy. 12 (2): 139–145. doi:10.1080/00926238608415401. PMID3723604.
^Hirschfeld, M (1920). Die homosexualität des mannes und des weibes [Homosexuality in men and women] (in German) (2nd ed.). Berlin: Louis Marcus.
^Schwartz, David (1993). "Heterophilia—the love that dare not speak its aim commentary on trop and Stolorows "defense analysis in self psychology: A developmental view""∗". Psychoanalytic Dialogues. 3 (4): 643–652. doi:10.1080/10481889309539000.
^Wood, Mitchell J. (2004). The Gay Male Gaze: Body image disturbance and gender oppression among gay men. In Lipton, Benjamin (ed.) Gay Men Living with Chronic Illnesses and Disabilities: From Crisis to Crossroads. Psychology Press, ISBN978-1-56023-336-7
^Kantor, Martin (1999). The Paraphilias, in Treating Emotional Disorder in Gay Men, pp. 67 ff. Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN978-0-275-96333-0
^Greenberg DM, Bradford J, Curry S (1995). "Infantophilia--a new subcategory of pedophilia?: a preliminary study". Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 23 (1): 63–71. PMID7599373..
^ abcdefghiScorolli C, Ghirlanda S, Enquist M, Zattoni S, Jannini EA (2007). "Relative prevalence of different fetishes". Int. J. Impot. Res. 19 (4): 432–7. doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901547. PMID17304204.
^Freund, K. (1990). Courtship disorders: Toward a biosocial understanding of voyeurism, exhibitionism, toucherism, and the preferential rape pattern. In. L. Ellis & H. Hoffman (Eds.), Crime in biological, social, and moral contexts (pp. 100–114). NY: Praeger.