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[[File:ВМРО – Българско национално движение VMRO 20090405 002.jpg|thumb|IMRO's headquarters in [[Sofia]]]]
[[File:ВМРО – Българско национално движение VMRO 20090405 002.jpg|thumb|IMRO's headquarters in [[Sofia]]]]


The '''IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement''' or '''IMRO–BNM''' ({{lang-bg|ВМРО – Българско Национално Движение|translit=VMRO – Bohlgarsko Nacionalno Dviženije}}) is a [[National conservatism|national conservative]] political party in [[Bulgaria]] led by [[Krasimir Karakachanov]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bulgaria|url=https://europeelects.eu/bulgaria/|access-date=2022-01-22|website=Europe Elects|language=en-US}}</ref> It claims to be the successor to the historic [[Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization]].<ref name="Mudde"/>
The '''IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement''' or '''IMRO–BNM''' ({{lang-bg|ВМРО – Българско Национално Движение|translit=VMRO – Balgarsko Natsionalno Dvizhenie}}) is a [[National conservatism|national conservative]] political party in [[Bulgaria]] led by [[Krasimir Karakachanov]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bulgaria|url=https://europeelects.eu/bulgaria/|access-date=2022-01-22|website=Europe Elects|language=en-US}}</ref> It claims to be the successor to the historic [[Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization]].<ref name="Mudde"/>


==History==
==History==

Revision as of 06:37, 18 August 2022

IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement
ВМРО – Българско Национално Движение
Leader
Founded1991 (as a cultural organisation)
1999 (as a political party)
Headquarters5th Pirotska Str, Sofia, Bulgaria
NewspaperBulgaria
Youth wingNational Youth Committee of IMRO
Membership (2016)20,000[1]
IdeologyNational conservatism[2][3]
Bulgarian nationalism[2][3]
Social conservatism[4][5][6]
Right-wing populism[7]
Soft Euroscepticism[8]
Anti-Islam[9]
Political positionRight-wing[10] to far-right[11]
ReligionBulgarian Orthodox Church
European affiliationEuropean Conservatives and Reformists Party
European Parliament groupEuropean Conservatives and Reformists
Colours  Red
  Black
National Assembly
0 / 240
European Parliament
2 / 17
Municipalities
7 / 265
Party flag
Website
vmro.bg
IMRO's headquarters in Sofia

The IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement or IMRO–BNM (Bulgarian: ВМРО – Българско Национално Движение, romanized: VMRO – Balgarsko Natsionalno Dvizhenie) is a national conservative political party in Bulgaria led by Krasimir Karakachanov.[12] It claims to be the successor to the historic Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization.[2]

History

The abbreviation IMRO refers to the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, a historic Bulgarian-led revolutionary political organization in the Macedonia and Thrace regions of the Ottoman Empire, founded in the late 19th century.[13] At the time of its establishment in 1991, the name of the organization was IMRO-Union of Macedonian Associations. At the Fourth Congress in 1997, IMRO-UMA dropped the addition UMA.[14] Initially, it was not involved in Bulgarian politics, but after 1994 it became politically active and entered the Bulgarian parliament. Renamed the IMRO-Bulgarian National Movement in 1998, the organization was gradually transformed into a right-wing populist political party in the 2000s.[15] In 2010, a group of its members split from the party and formed National Ideal for Unity.

In the 2014 European Parliament election, the party was part of the "Bulgaria Without Censorship", which included the parties Bulgaria Without Censorship, IMRO-BNM, People's Agricultural Union, and George's Day Movement. The coalition received 10.66% of the votes and won two seats in the European Parliament. MEPs elected from the coalition include IMRO vice-leader Angel Djambazki and BBT leader Nikolay Barekov.

On 3 August 2014 a coalition agreement between the NFSB and IMRO called Patriotic Front was signed for the upcoming parliamentary elections 2014.[16] And states its purpose to be for: "a revival of the Bulgarian economy, a fight against monopolies, achieving modern education and healthcare and a fair and uncorrupt judiciary." The signing of a coalition agreement between IMRO and NFSB marks the end of the BBT-IMRO coalition.

The members of the alliance are: PROUD,[17] National Ideal for Unity,[18] Middle European Class,[19] Association Patriot,[20] Undivided Bulgaria,[21] National Movement BG Patriot,[22][23] Union of the Patriotic Forces "Defense", National Association of Alternate Soldiery "For the Honor of epaulette",[24] National Movement for the Salvation of the Fatherland[25] and National Democratic Party.[26]

Ahead of the second 2021 Bulgarian parliamentary election, Volya Movement formed an electoral alliance with the National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria[27] and the IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement.[28]

Ideology

Identity

The IMRO describes itself as a conservative and patriotic party based on modern nationalism. It defines itself as a "pan-Bulgarian national movement" aiming at "spiritual unity of the Bulgarian nation". It is known as a strongly nationalist and Orthodox Christian party[2] which claims to continue the mission of the historic IMRO and strives for the recognition of the Bulgarian character of the majority population of the Republic of North Macedonia.[29]

Social issues

The IMRO is staunchly socially conservative and adamantly opposes same-sex marriage, even going as far as to propose additional amendments to Bulgaria's constitution to preemptively block any gay marriage law from being passed in the future.[30]

During the 2020–2021 Bulgarian protests, the IMRO attempted to put the topic of gender (through the anti-LGBT trope of gender ideology) at the forefront over the COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria and the protests themselves in an attempt to increase its political legitimacy. Reporter Milana Nikolova wrote that gender "took a new meaning in the Bulgarian vernacular and overnight became a slur aimed at non-binary, gender-nonconforming, or at times even any person perceived to be LGBT+."[31] Party leaders have also expressed the opinion that the protests were organized by "a few Sorosoidite NGOs and extra-parliamentary political parties hungry for power", claiming that the goal of the protests, in his view, was to "bring about gay marriage" and "create a gender republic", which they entirely disagreed with.[32] Similarly, it also proposed constitutional amendments that would ban people without a certain level of academic qualifications from voting in elections or referendums, as well as amendments that would bring back mandatory conscription for all males.[30]

Minorities

The IMRO expresses an antiziganist worldview, proposing a "solution to the problem of unsocialized gypsie groups", which included a destruction of Romani ghettoes, penal labour, restriction of social benefits and limiting births among younger Romani.[33] Likewise, it is critical of Bulgarian Turks and unwelcoming of Islam in Bulgaria, calling on the government to "stop the sounds of terror coming from minarets".[34]

Foreign policy

The IMRO supports Bulgarian membership of NATO. It believes Bulgaria should have a place within the European Union but calls for a fundamental change of direction and a "conservative wave" within the EU and argues against "Liberal utopia" ideas that dominate the EU, which the party cites as gender ideology, mass migration and "colonial neoliberalism." The party also opposes the accession of Turkey to the European Union and wants to reform or end many of the EU's migration policies to "prevent Brussels from committing suicide in Europe." The IMRO states that Bulgaria should see international alliances as "civilizational" and a means of protecting Western Christian identity, solidarity in Europe and promoting Bulgarian interests.[35]

Election results

National Assembly

Bulgarian Parliament
Election Votes % Seats +/– Rank Government
1997[a] 2,223,714 52.3
137 / 240
 Increase 137 1st Coalition
2001[b] 165,927 3.63
0 / 240
 Decrease 137 5th Extra-parliamentary
2005[c] 189,268 5.19
13 / 240
 Increase 13 7th Opposition
2009 Barred from participation
2013 66,803 1.89
0 / 240
 Steady 0 8th Extra-parliamentary
2014[d] 239,101 7.29
19 / 240
 Increase 19 5th Support
2017[e] 318,513 9.07
27 / 240
 Increase 8 3rd Coalition
Apr 2021 116,430 3.58
0 / 240
 Decrease 8 7th Extra-parliamentary
Jul 2021[f] 85,795 3.10
0 / 240
 Steady 0 7th Extra-parliamentary
Nov 2021 28,319 1.07
0 / 240
 Steady 0 9th Extra-parliamentary
  1. ^ Results of the alliance United Democratic Forces.
  2. ^ Results with George's Day Movement.
  3. ^ Results of the alliance Bulgarian People's Union.
  4. ^ Results of the alliance Patriotic Front.
  5. ^ Results of the alliance United Patriots.
  6. ^ Results of the alliance Bulgarian Patriots.

European Parliament

European Parliament
Election Votes % Seats +/– Rank
2009 57,931 2.25
0 / 18
 Steady 0 9th
2014[a] 238,629 10.66
2 / 17
 Increase 2 4th
2019 143,830 7.14
2 / 17
 Steady 0 4th
  1. ^ Results with Bulgaria Uncensored.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Само 344 000 членове стоят зад партиите в парламента" [Parties in Parliament only have 344,000 members]. 24 Chasa. 15 February 2016. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d Christo Ivanov; Margarita Ilieva (2005). Cas Mudde (ed.). Bulgaria. Routledge. p. 4. ISBN 0415355931. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  3. ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "Bulgaria". Parties and Elections in Europe.
  4. ^ Norris, Pippa. Cultural Backlash and the Rise of Populism. Cambridge University Press. p. 240.
  5. ^ "ВМРО предупреди за нова джендър пропаганда. Атака ги обвини, че точно те я прокарват | Политика". offnews.bg.
  6. ^ "Защо има "София прайд"". dw.com (in Bulgarian). Deutsche Welle. 20 June 2016.
  7. ^ Bechev, Dimitar (2009). Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia. Scarecrow Press. Renamed IMRO-Bulgarian National Movement in 1998, the organization gradually transformed into a right-wing populist political party in the 2000s under the leadership of Krasimir Karakachanov
  8. ^ Dandolov, Philip (2014). "The sinking fortunes of Euroscepticism in Bulgaria". Istituto per l'Europa Centro Orientale e Balcanica. Archived from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  9. ^ "Tolerating the "Intolerable Partner:" Once Shunned, Bulgaria's United Patriots Joins the Governing Coalition – Foreign Policy Research Institute".
  10. ^ "Bulgaria Repeats Threat to Block North Macedonia Over History Feud". Balkan Insight. 14 September 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  11. ^ "Fascists and football: Bulgaria's deep-rooted and interconnected racism problem | DW | 16.10.2019". DW.COM.
  12. ^ "Bulgaria". Europe Elects. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  13. ^ "Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
  14. ^ The A to Z of Bulgaria, Raymond Detrez, Scarecrow Press INC, 2010, ISBN 0810872021, p. 227.
  15. ^ Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia, Dimitar Bechev, Scarecrow Press, 2009, ISBN 0810862956, p. 104.
  16. ^ "НФСБ и ВМРО подписаха коалиция "Патриотичен фронт"". ВМРО.
  17. ^ Слави Бинев закри ГОРД Archived 31 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ "Партиите "НФСБ" и "НИЕ" си стиснаха ръцете". potv.eu.
  19. ^ "България – "Средна европейска класа" обяви "безкористна подкрепа" за програмата на НФСБ – Dnevnik.bg". www.dnevnik.bg. 22 August 2013.
  20. ^ "България – Обединението около НФСБ включи и сдружение "Патриот" на бивши депутати от "Атака" (видео) – видео – Dnevnik.bg". www.dnevnik.bg. October 2013.
  21. ^ "СЕГА – НФСБ и "Целокупна България" се обединиха". SEGA Online. 5 September 2013.
  22. ^ "НД "БГ патриот" подкрепя ВМРО". ВМРО.
  23. ^ "Патриотичният фронт получи подкрепата на "БГ Патриот"". ВМРО.
  24. ^ "Патриотични организации подкрепят ВМРО". ВМРО.
  25. ^ "Национална телевизия СКАТ". skat.bg.
  26. ^ НДП. "НДП СЕ ПРИСЪЕДИНИ КЪМ ПАТРИОТИЧНИЯ ФРОНТ". ndp.bg. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  27. ^ "Volya, National Front for Salvation of Bulgaria Form Patriotic Coalition".
  28. ^ "Ultra-nationalists, populists form 'Bulgarian Patriots' alliance for July elections". 20 May 2021.
  29. ^ Stefan Troebst (December 2012). The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization and Bulgarian Revisionism, 1923–1944. Berghahn Books. p. 170. ISBN 978-0857457394. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  30. ^ a b "След изявлението на Борисов: ВМРО искат още "6 неща" в Конституцията". bTV Новините. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  31. ^ Nikolova, Milana (14 September 2020). "Bulgaria once led the way on LGBT+ rights in emerging Europe. Not any more". Emerging Europe. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
  32. ^ "Протести срещу властта за 32-ри ден, какво се случва". Vesti.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  33. ^ "Вижте концепцията на ВМРО за промени в политиката за интеграция на циганите – Труд". trud.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  34. ^ "Tolerating the "Intolerable Partner:" Once Shunned, Bulgaria's United Patriots Joins the Governing Coalition". Foreign Policy Research Institute. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  35. ^ "BULGARIA FOR BULGARIANS, EUROPE FOR EUROPEANS". Retrieved 16 June 2022.

External links

External links

Media related to IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement at Wikimedia Commons

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