Christian Medical College, Ludhiana: Difference between revisions

University and college rankings
University and college rankings
Medical – India
NIRF (2023)	42
India Today (2022)	28
Dental – India
NIRF (2023)	30

Christian Medical College, Ludhiana
	Lady Willingdon Hall from assembly lawns
Former name	North Indian School of Medicine for Christian Women (1894–1913), Women's Christian College (1913–1952)
Motto	Sona Loban Mur (Gold, Frankincense and Myrrh)
Motto in English	My Work Is for a King
Type	Private, minority-run
Established	1894; 130 years ago
Founder	Dame Edith Mary Brown, Martha Rose Greenfield and Kay Greenfield
Accreditation	National Medical Commission (formerly Medical Council of India)
Budget	₹1.65 billion (US$21 million)(2021–22)
Chairman	Sudhir Joseph
Principal	Jeyaraj Pandian
Director	William Bhatti
Academic staff	202
Undergraduates	400
Postgraduates	180
Doctoral students	33
Location	Ludhiana, Punjab, India; 30°54′38″N 75°51′48″E / 30.910531°N 75.863396°E
Campus	Urban, 44 acres (18 ha)
Colours	Green, yellow and red
Nickname	CMC Ludhiana
Affiliations	Baba Farid University of Health Sciences
Website	cmcludhiana.in

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 02:48, 15 May 2024

Christian Medical College and Hospital, widely known as CMC Ludhiana, is a private, Christian minority-run teaching hospital and medical school in Ludhiana, India.

Founded in 1894, it was then the first medical school for women in Asia.^[5] In 1994, the world's first total face replant surgery was performed in the medical college by Abraham Thomas.^[6]^[7] First surgical research hub of India is also set up in the medical college in 2019 by National Institute for Health and Care Research.^[8] CMC Ludhiana became the first educational institution to launch telemedicine consultation with the Cleveland Clinic in 2020.^[9]

Affiliated to Baba Farid University of Health Sciences Faridkot, it offers degrees in all major postgraduate and doctoral services along with various graduate courses in medical, dental, nursing and allied health sciences.^[10]

History[edit]

Early days[edit]

Edith Mary Brown, along with the Greenfield sisters founded North Indian School of Medicine for Christian Women, later known as Christian Medical College, Ludhiana.

Medical missionary work in Ludhiana was begun in 1881 by Scottish evangelist sisters Martha Rose Greenfield and Kay Greenfield. Dame Edith Mary Brown, a Baptist missionary joined them in 1893. The following year, they established the North Indian School of Medicine for Christian Women, the first of its kind in Asia.^[11] The name was later changed in 1913 to Women's Christian Medical College. In 1952, it was changed to Christian Medical College to enable it to admit both men and women students for the upgraded MBBS course which came into effect for its first admission from 1953. The college was affiliated with Punjab University, Chandigarh. The Medical School granted Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery diploma till 1952.^[1]

Modern era[edit]

In 1964, the Department of Medicine attained the requisite number of teachers and services to the extent that it was upgraded to train postgraduates in medicine, leading to the M.D. degree. At present the college offers degrees in all major speciality and superspeciality services and is affiliated to Baba Farid University of Health Sciences.^[12]

In 1994, micro surgeon Abraham Thomas successfully reattached the avulsed face and scalp of a nine-year-old girl, Sandeep Kaur. This achievement of world's first successful total face replant has been recognised by American College of Surgeons by incorporating it in their 100 years timeline for achievements in surgery, and in the Guinness World Records.^[13]^[7] Thomas attached the arteries, veins and nerves successfully and almost the entire face and scalp survived.^[14] The girl had near-complete recovery of the muscles of her face. Thomas is a recipient of the Dr. B. C. Roy Award in Development of Specialities category for the year 2002. The other recipients of the award in faculty are Alex Zachariah in 1990 and Tejinder Singh in 2016.^[15]

In 2021, medical interns of the college protested against the administration for an increase in the stipend amount in accordance with the government policies. The administration responded saying the institution is a charitable private institution which cannot afford central or state government stipulated stipend.^[16]

In 2022, a team of medical students came up with a device to treat epileptic seizures in a medical hackathon.^[17]

Academics[edit]

The college offers MBBS, post-graduate diploma and degree medical courses (MS, MD, DM, MCh, Bachelor of Science, Master of Science and PhD), Allied Health Science courses, and diploma courses in nursing and other fields, and Fellowship courses. Currently, the college is affiliated to Baba Farid University of Health Sciences and National Medical Commission (formerly known as Medical Council of India).^[10]

Organisation[edit]

Led by the Governing body, CMC Ludhiana has the following colleges associated with it:

Christian Medical College
Christian Dental College
Christian Nursing College
College of Physiotherapy
Institute of Allied Health Sciences^[3]

Admissions and costs[edit]

Admission procedure into the college is through NEET (UG) and NEET (PG) for medical degrees. In 2023, India Today ranked the college 10th for private medical colleges in the country with lowest fees for the entire course duration of ₹4 million (US$50,000).^[18]

Rankings[edit]

The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranked CMC Ludhiana 42 among medical colleges in India in 2023 and 28th by India Today in 2022.^[22]

Hospital services[edit]

The hospital provides a wide variety of services, ranging from primary peripheral care to superspecialty care. Departments and services include anaesthesia and critical care, clinical psychology, dermatology, ENT, gynaecology and obstetrics, internal medicine and specialties, ophthalmology, orthopaedics, paediatrics, psychiatry, physiotherapy, radiation therapy and surgical specialties. Superspecialty services like cardiology, cardiothoracic surgery, neurosurgery, oncology, neonatology, neurology, nephrology, paediatric surgery, plastic surgery & microsurgery and urology & transplantation and clinical hematology.^[23] The hospital's psychiatry department is combating the substance abuse crisis in Punjab.^[24] The department offers de-addiction services and has found that most patients are between 20 and 30 years old and are addicted to anything from cough syrup and heroin to cocaine and alcohol.^[25]

Community services[edit]

CMC Ludhiana provides health care and education in urban and rural communities through clinics and medical camps. A dedicated Rural Health Outreach Programme (RHOP) initiative has started to provide a network of health services in the rural belts around Ludhiana in conjunction with village panchayats, local trusts and other local organisations.^[26] Clinics in surrounding villages like Lalton Kalan, Rauwal, Malsihan Bhaike, Hambran are organised and managed under this program.^[27]

Campus[edit]

Comprising 44 acres, the college is situated in old Ludhiana.^[4] Majority of the buildings such as college chapel and hospital block are constructed during British Raj times and are well preserved. Named after the wife of Viceroy of India Marie Freeman-Thomas, Marchioness of Willingdon, Lady Willingdon Hall is a 115-year-old red sandstone building, used regularly for meetings and various programmes.^[28]

Nobel Laureate Sir Ronald Ross visited the institution in 1902, after the discovery of malarial parasite. The boys hostel of the college is named Ross Hostel in memoriam and the residents are called Rossians.^[29]^[30]

Research and innovations[edit]

Molecular research laboratory[edit]

Betty Cowan Research and Innovation Centre (BCRIC) is a molecular research laboratory started in 2010. The research lab is working on cancer stem cells and MicroRNAs in brain tumours to find potential biomarkers and molecular targets for the better management of brain tumours.^[31]

Surgical research hub[edit]

In 2019, National Institute for Health and Care Research has set up the first surgical research hub in India in CMC Ludhiana.^[8] It was set up by the Global Surgery Unit in partnership with University of Birmingham and University of Edinburgh along with the medical college to reduce the surgical site infections in India.^[32]^[33]

National Faculty Development and FAIMER[edit]

The Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research (FAIMER), USA and National Medical Commission (formerly Medical Council of India) have recognised the institution as a nodal centre for faculty development. Over a thousand faculty members from various medical colleges have been trained so far through these initiatives.^[34]

The FAIMER regional institute holds its sessions annually and enrolls 20 fellows for intensive training in educational methods and educational leadership.^[35]^[36]

CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research[edit]

An peer reviewed open access medical journal titled CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research is published by the institution quarterly. ^[37]

It was started publishing in 2014 by Wolters Kluwer India and includes original articles, research reports, case reports and papers on medical, dental, nursing and allied health sciences. ^[38]^[39]

Notable alumni[edit]

Abraham Thomas – plastic and microsurgeron, former director, and recipient of 2002 Dr. B. C. Roy Award^[6]
Forrest C. Eggleston – former director^[40]

Gallery[edit]

Main Hospital building
College chapel
Health Sciences Block

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b "Sagepub". doi:10.1177/2277977920921035. S2CID 219416470. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "NIRF" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Administration". Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Infrastructure". Archived from the original on 12 October 2018. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
^ Haines, Catharine M. C.; Stevens, Helen M. (2001). International Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary to 1950. ABC-CLIO. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-57607-090-1. Archived from the original on 25 July 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Abraham Thomas". Archived from the original on 25 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Guinness World Records". Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ ^a ^b "TOI global surgery". The Times of India. 16 April 2019. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ "Telemedicine". Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
^ ^a ^b "BFUHS Affiliations". bfuhs.ac.in. Archived from the original on 15 July 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
^ "Her World". Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ "About us: History". Christian Medical College, Ludhiana. Archived from the original on 30 August 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
^ "History of Surgery: 100 Year Timeline – American College of Surgeons". Archived from the original on 13 July 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ Radford, Tim (27 May 2004). "Scientists prepare to turn fiction into fact with first full-face transplant". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 2 August 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
^ "BC ROY". Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ "Protest". Archived from the original on 21 June 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
^ "Hackathon". 19 June 2022. Archived from the original on 16 July 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ "India Today rankings". Archived from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
^ "National Institutional Ranking Framework 2023 (Medical)". National Institutional Ranking Framework. Ministry of Education. 5 June 2023.
^ "Best MEDICAL Colleges 2022: List of Top MEDICAL Colleges 2022 in India". India Today.
^ "National Institutional Ranking Framework 2023 (Dental)". National Institutional Ranking Framework. Ministry of Education. 5 June 2023.
^ "NIRF 2023". NIRF. Archived from the original on 11 June 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
^ "CMC Ludhiana". Archived from the original on 5 May 2007. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
^ "Drug Abuse and De-Addiction in Punjab". 4 November 2011. Archived from the original on 7 November 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
^ "Covered in a Cloud of Addiction". The Times of India. 21 December 2011. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
^ "CBM Med". Archived from the original on 9 November 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
^ "CBM programmme". 9 November 2018. Archived from the original on 9 November 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
^ "Willingdon Hall". 14 April 2009. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ "Ross Hostel". Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ "Telegana Journal IMA". Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ "Betty Cowan Research Institute". 18 August 2010. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ "University of Birmingham". Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ "GSU". Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ "NMC FAIMER". Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ "FAIMER site". 10 October 2018. Archived from the original on 10 October 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ "CMCL FAIMER site". 10 October 2018. Archived from the original on 10 October 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ "Chrismed". Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ "DOAJ". Archived from the original on 25 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ "MedKnow". Archived from the original on 1 February 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ "F C Eggleston". Archived from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

Bibliography[edit]

Francesca French, Miss Brown's hospital: the story of the Ludhiana Medical College and Dame Edith Brown, O.B.E., its founder, London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1954.

External links[edit]

Official Website

[mw-1] "Sagepub". doi:10.1177/2277977920921035. S2CID 219416470. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[nirf-2] "NIRF" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

[administration-3] "Administration". Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

[infrastructure-4] "Infrastructure". Archived from the original on 12 October 2018. Retrieved 12 October 2018.

[5] Haines, Catharine M. C.; Stevens, Helen M. (2001). International Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary to 1950. ABC-CLIO. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-57607-090-1. Archived from the original on 25 July 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023.

[abraham_thomas-6] "Abraham Thomas". Archived from the original on 25 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

[guinness_world_records-7] "Guinness World Records". Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

[the_times_of_india-2019-8] "TOI global surgery". The Times of India. 16 April 2019. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

[9] "Telemedicine". Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.

[bfuhsacin-10] "BFUHS Affiliations". bfuhs.ac.in. Archived from the original on 15 July 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2023.

[11] "Her World". Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

[12] "About us: History". Christian Medical College, Ludhiana. Archived from the original on 30 August 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.

[13] "History of Surgery: 100 Year Timeline – American College of Surgeons". Archived from the original on 13 July 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

[14] Radford, Tim (27 May 2004). "Scientists prepare to turn fiction into fact with first full-face transplant". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 2 August 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.

[15] "BC ROY". Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

[16] "Protest". Archived from the original on 21 June 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2023.

[17] "Hackathon". 19 June 2022. Archived from the original on 16 July 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

[18] "India Today rankings". Archived from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 2 August 2023.

[Rankings_NIRF_M_2023-19] "National Institutional Ranking Framework 2023 (Medical)". National Institutional Ranking Framework. Ministry of Education. 5 June 2023.

[Rankings_IT_M_2022-20] "Best MEDICAL Colleges 2022: List of Top MEDICAL Colleges 2022 in India". India Today.

[Rankings_NIRF_D_2023-21] "National Institutional Ranking Framework 2023 (Dental)". National Institutional Ranking Framework. Ministry of Education. 5 June 2023.

[22] "NIRF 2023". NIRF. Archived from the original on 11 June 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2023.

[23] "CMC Ludhiana". Archived from the original on 5 May 2007. Retrieved 9 November 2018.

[24] "Drug Abuse and De-Addiction in Punjab". 4 November 2011. Archived from the original on 7 November 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2011.

[25] "Covered in a Cloud of Addiction". The Times of India. 21 December 2011. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2011.

[26] "CBM Med". Archived from the original on 9 November 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2018.

[27] "CBM programmme". 9 November 2018. Archived from the original on 9 November 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2018.

[28] "Willingdon Hall". 14 April 2009. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

[29] "Ross Hostel". Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

[30] "Telegana Journal IMA". Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

[31] "Betty Cowan Research Institute". 18 August 2010. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

[32] "University of Birmingham". Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

[33] "GSU". Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

[34] "NMC FAIMER". Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

[35] "FAIMER site". 10 October 2018. Archived from the original on 10 October 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

[36] "CMCL FAIMER site". 10 October 2018. Archived from the original on 10 October 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

[37] "Chrismed". Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

[38] "DOAJ". Archived from the original on 25 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

[39] "MedKnow". Archived from the original on 1 February 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

[40] "F C Eggleston". Archived from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 | established = {{start date and age|1894}}
 | type = Private, minority-run
-| chairman = Sudhir Joseph<ref name="admin">{{Cite web |title=Administration |url=https://www.cmcludhiana.in/the-leadership/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603081348/https://www.cmcludhiana.in/the-leadership/ |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
+| chairman = Sudhir Joseph<ref name="administration">{{Cite web |title=Administration |url=https://www.cmcludhiana.in/the-leadership/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603081348/https://www.cmcludhiana.in/the-leadership/ |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
-| director = William Bhatti<ref name="admin" />
+| director = William Bhatti<ref name="administration" />
-| principal = Jeyaraj Pandian<ref name="admin" />
+| principal = Jeyaraj Pandian<ref name="administration" />
 | founder = [[Edith Mary Brown|Dame Edith Mary Brown]], Martha Rose Greenfield and Kay Greenfield
 | undergrad = 400<ref name="nirf">{{Cite web |title=NIRF |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/nirfpdfcdn/2023/pdf/Medical/IR-D-C-29209.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616154037/https://www.nirfindia.org/nirfpdfcdn/2023/pdf/Medical/IR-D-C-29209.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 | country = [[India]]
 | campus_type = [[Urban area|Urban]]
-| campus_size = {{convert|44|acre}}<ref name="Infrastructure ">{{Cite web |title=Infrastructure |url=http://www.cmcludhiana.in/basic-infrastructure/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012134822/http://www.cmcludhiana.in/basic-infrastructure/ |archive-date=12 October 2018 |access-date=2018-10-12}}</ref>
+| campus_size = {{convert|44|acre}}<ref name="infrastructure">{{Cite web |title=Infrastructure |url=http://www.cmcludhiana.in/basic-infrastructure/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012134822/http://www.cmcludhiana.in/basic-infrastructure/ |archive-date=12 October 2018 |access-date=2018-10-12}}</ref>
 | colours = {{colour box|green}} {{colour box|yellow}} {{colour box|red}} Green, yellow and red
 | nickname = CMC Ludhiana
-| former_name = North Indian School of Medicine for Christian Women (1894–1913), Women's Christian College (1913–1952)<ref name="sage" />
+| former_name = North Indian School of Medicine for Christian Women (1894–1913), Women's Christian College (1913–1952)<ref name="mw" />
 | website = {{URL|http://cmcludhiana.in}}
 | staff =
@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 '''Christian Medical College and Hospital''', widely known as '''CMC Ludhiana''', is a private, Christian minority-run [[teaching hospital]] and [[medical school]] in [[Ludhiana]], [[India]].
-Founded in 1894, it was then the first medical school for women in Asia.<ref name="Haines2001">{{Cite book |last=Haines |first=Catharine M. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HftdjMNDvwIC |title=International Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary to 1950 |last2=Stevens |first2=Helen M. |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-57607-090-1 |page=45 |language=en |access-date=20 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725215341/https://books.google.com/books?id=HftdjMNDvwIC |archive-date=25 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1994, the world's first total face replant surgery was performed in the medical college by [[Abraham Thomas (surgeon)|Abraham Thomas]].<ref name="AGT" /><ref name ="Guinness" /> First surgical research hub of India is also set up in the medical college in 2019 by [[National Institute for Health and Care Research]].<ref name="toi global" /> CMC Ludhiana became the first educational institution to launch [[TeleHealth|telemedicine]] consultation with [[the Cleveland Clinic]] in 2020.<ref name="telemedicine ">{{Cite web |title=Telemedicine |url=http://diprpunjab.gov.in/?q=content/punjab-cm-launches-telemedicine-venture-between-cleveland-clinic-usa-cmc-ludhiana |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726192522/http://diprpunjab.gov.in/?q=content/punjab-cm-launches-telemedicine-venture-between-cleveland-clinic-usa-cmc-ludhiana |archive-date=26 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-27}}</ref>
+Founded in 1894, it was then the first medical school for women in Asia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Haines |first=Catharine M. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HftdjMNDvwIC |title=International Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary to 1950 |last2=Stevens |first2=Helen M. |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-57607-090-1 |page=45 |language=en |access-date=20 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725215341/https://books.google.com/books?id=HftdjMNDvwIC |archive-date=25 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1994, the world's first total face replant surgery was performed in the medical college by [[Abraham Thomas (surgeon)|Abraham Thomas]].<ref name="abraham thomas" /><ref name="guinness world records" /> First surgical research hub of India is also set up in the medical college in 2019 by [[National Institute for Health and Care Research]].<ref name="the times of india-2019" /> CMC Ludhiana became the first educational institution to launch [[TeleHealth|telemedicine]] consultation with [[the Cleveland Clinic]] in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Telemedicine |url=http://diprpunjab.gov.in/?q=content/punjab-cm-launches-telemedicine-venture-between-cleveland-clinic-usa-cmc-ludhiana |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726192522/http://diprpunjab.gov.in/?q=content/punjab-cm-launches-telemedicine-venture-between-cleveland-clinic-usa-cmc-ludhiana |archive-date=26 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-27}}</ref>
-Affiliated to [[Baba Farid University of Health Sciences]] [[Faridkot, Punjab|Faridkot]], it offers degrees in all major [[postgraduate]] and [[doctoral]] services along with various graduate courses in [[medical]], [[Dental degree|dental]], [[nursing]] and [[Allied health professions|allied health sciences]].<ref name="bfuhs" />
+Affiliated to [[Baba Farid University of Health Sciences]] [[Faridkot, Punjab|Faridkot]], it offers degrees in all major [[postgraduate]] and [[doctoral]] services along with various graduate courses in [[medical]], [[Dental degree|dental]], [[nursing]] and [[Allied health professions|allied health sciences]].<ref name="bfuhsacin" />
 == History ==
 === Early days ===
 [[File:Dame Edith Brown.jpg|thumb|[[Edith Mary Brown]], along with the Greenfield sisters founded North Indian School of Medicine for Christian Women, later known as Christian Medical College, Ludhiana.]]
-Medical missionary work in Ludhiana was begun in 1881 by Scottish evangelist sisters Martha Rose Greenfield and Kay Greenfield. [[Dame Edith Mary Brown]], a [[Baptist World Mission|Baptist missionary]] joined them in 1893. The following year, they established the North Indian School of Medicine for Christian Women, the first of its kind in Asia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Her World |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040321/herworld.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324075741/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040321/herworld.htm |archive-date=24 March 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>  The name was later changed in 1913 to Women's Christian Medical College. In 1952, it was changed to Christian Medical College to enable it to admit both men and women students for the upgraded MBBS course which came into effect for its first admission from 1953. The college was affiliated with [[Punjab University, Chandigarh]]. The Medical School granted [[Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery]] diploma till 1952.<ref name="sage">{{Cite journal |title=Sagepub |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2277977920921035?icid=int.sj-full-text.similar-articles.1 |url-status=live |doi=10.1177/2277977920921035 |s2cid=219416470 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726115320/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2277977920921035?icid=int.sj-full-text.similar-articles.1 |archive-date=26 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
+Medical missionary work in Ludhiana was begun in 1881 by Scottish evangelist sisters Martha Rose Greenfield and Kay Greenfield. [[Dame Edith Mary Brown]], a [[Baptist World Mission|Baptist missionary]] joined them in 1893. The following year, they established the North Indian School of Medicine for Christian Women, the first of its kind in Asia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Her World |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040321/herworld.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324075741/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040321/herworld.htm |archive-date=24 March 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>  The name was later changed in 1913 to Women's Christian Medical College. In 1952, it was changed to Christian Medical College to enable it to admit both men and women students for the upgraded MBBS course which came into effect for its first admission from 1953. The college was affiliated with [[Punjab University, Chandigarh]]. The Medical School granted [[Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery]] diploma till 1952.<ref name="mw">{{Cite journal |title=Sagepub |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2277977920921035?icid=int.sj-full-text.similar-articles.1 |url-status=live |doi=10.1177/2277977920921035 |s2cid=219416470 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726115320/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2277977920921035?icid=int.sj-full-text.similar-articles.1 |archive-date=26 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
 === Modern era ===
-In 1964, the Department of Medicine attained the requisite number of teachers and services to the extent that it was upgraded to train postgraduates in medicine, leading to the M.D. degree. At present the college offers degrees in all major speciality and superspeciality services and is affiliated to [[Baba Farid University of Health Sciences]].<ref name="history">{{Cite web |title=About us: History |url=http://cmcludhiana.in/history/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830231650/http://cmcludhiana.in/history/ |archive-date=30 August 2018 |access-date=9 Oct 2018 |publisher=Christian Medical College, Ludhiana}}</ref>
+In 1964, the Department of Medicine attained the requisite number of teachers and services to the extent that it was upgraded to train postgraduates in medicine, leading to the M.D. degree. At present the college offers degrees in all major speciality and superspeciality services and is affiliated to [[Baba Farid University of Health Sciences]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About us: History |url=http://cmcludhiana.in/history/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830231650/http://cmcludhiana.in/history/ |archive-date=30 August 2018 |access-date=9 Oct 2018 |publisher=Christian Medical College, Ludhiana}}</ref>
-In 1994, [[microsurgery|micro surgeon]] [[Abraham Thomas (surgeon)|Abraham Thomas]] successfully reattached the avulsed face and scalp of a nine-year-old girl, Sandeep Kaur. This achievement of world's first successful total face replant has been recognised by [[American College of Surgeons]] by incorporating it in their 100 years timeline for achievements in surgery, and in ''the [[Guinness World Records]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Surgery: 100 Year Timeline – American College of Surgeons |url=http://timeline.facs.org/1990.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713195723/http://timeline.facs.org/1990.html |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref><ref name="Guinness ">{{Cite web |title=Guinness World Records |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/first-successful-full-face-replant-(self-donor) |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726183906/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/first-successful-full-face-replant-(self-donor) |archive-date=26 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref> Thomas attached the arteries, veins and nerves successfully and almost the entire face and scalp survived.<ref name="Scientists prepare to turn fiction into fact with first full-face transplan">{{Cite news |last=Radford |first=Tim |date=27 May 2004 |title=Scientists prepare to turn fiction into fact with first full-face transplant |work=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/medicine/story/0,11381,1225537,00.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802221028/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/may/27/highereducation.health |archive-date=2 August 2023}}</ref>  The girl had near-complete recovery of the muscles of her face. Thomas is a recipient of the [[Dr. B. C. Roy Award]] in ''Development of Specialities'' category for the year 2002. The other recipients of the award in faculty are Alex Zachariah in 1990 and Tejinder Singh in 2016.<ref name="bcroy">{{Cite web |title=BC ROY |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/dr-bc-roy-award-for-cmc-professor-242711 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726175216/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/dr-bc-roy-award-for-cmc-professor-242711 |archive-date=26 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
+In 1994, [[microsurgery|micro surgeon]] [[Abraham Thomas (surgeon)|Abraham Thomas]] successfully reattached the avulsed face and scalp of a nine-year-old girl, Sandeep Kaur. This achievement of world's first successful total face replant has been recognised by [[American College of Surgeons]] by incorporating it in their 100 years timeline for achievements in surgery, and in ''the [[Guinness World Records]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Surgery: 100 Year Timeline – American College of Surgeons |url=http://timeline.facs.org/1990.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713195723/http://timeline.facs.org/1990.html |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref><ref name="guinness world records">{{Cite web |title=Guinness World Records |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/first-successful-full-face-replant-(self-donor) |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726183906/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/first-successful-full-face-replant-(self-donor) |archive-date=26 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref> Thomas attached the arteries, veins and nerves successfully and almost the entire face and scalp survived.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Radford |first=Tim |date=27 May 2004 |title=Scientists prepare to turn fiction into fact with first full-face transplant |work=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/medicine/story/0,11381,1225537,00.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802221028/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/may/27/highereducation.health |archive-date=2 August 2023}}</ref>  The girl had near-complete recovery of the muscles of her face. Thomas is a recipient of the [[Dr. B. C. Roy Award]] in ''Development of Specialities'' category for the year 2002. The other recipients of the award in faculty are Alex Zachariah in 1990 and Tejinder Singh in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BC ROY |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/dr-bc-roy-award-for-cmc-professor-242711 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726175216/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/dr-bc-roy-award-for-cmc-professor-242711 |archive-date=26 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
-In 2021, medical interns of the college protested against the administration for an increase in the [[stipend]] amount in accordance with the government policies. The administration responded saying the institution is a charitable private institution which cannot afford central or state government stipulated stipend.<ref name="protest">{{Cite web |title=Protest |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/cmch-interns-take-to-streets-demanding-hike-in-stipend-251696 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621162929/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/cmch-interns-take-to-streets-demanding-hike-in-stipend-251696 |archive-date=21 June 2021 |access-date=2023-08-02}}</ref>
+In 2021, medical interns of the college protested against the administration for an increase in the [[stipend]] amount in accordance with the government policies. The administration responded saying the institution is a charitable private institution which cannot afford central or state government stipulated stipend.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Protest |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/cmch-interns-take-to-streets-demanding-hike-in-stipend-251696 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621162929/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/cmch-interns-take-to-streets-demanding-hike-in-stipend-251696 |archive-date=21 June 2021 |access-date=2023-08-02}}</ref>
 In 2022, a team of medical students came up with a device to treat [[epilepsy|epileptic seizures]] in a medical hackathon.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2022 |title=Hackathon |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/cmc-ludhiana-students-come-up-with-device-to-treat-seizures-at-medical-hackathon-101655663136577.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716064632/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/cmc-ludhiana-students-come-up-with-device-to-treat-seizures-at-medical-hackathon-101655663136577.html |archive-date=16 July 2022 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
 == Academics ==
-The college offers [[MBBS]], post-graduate diploma and degree medical courses ([[Master of Surgery|MS]], [[Doctor of Medicine|MD]], [[Doctorate in Medicine|DM]], [[MCh]], [[Bachelor of Science]], [[Master of Science]] and PhD), Allied Health Science courses, and diploma courses in nursing and other fields, and [[Fellowship (medicine)|Fellowship]] courses. Currently, the college is affiliated to [[Baba Farid University of Health Sciences]] and [[National Medical Commission]] (formerly known as [[Medical Council of India]]).<ref name="bfuhs">{{Cite web |title=BFUHS Affiliations |url=https://bfuhs.ac.in/colleges/Ocolleges.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715112656/https://bfuhs.ac.in/colleges/Ocolleges.asp |archive-date=15 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=bfuhs.ac.in}}</ref>
+The college offers [[MBBS]], post-graduate diploma and degree medical courses ([[Master of Surgery|MS]], [[Doctor of Medicine|MD]], [[Doctorate in Medicine|DM]], [[MCh]], [[Bachelor of Science]], [[Master of Science]] and PhD), Allied Health Science courses, and diploma courses in nursing and other fields, and [[Fellowship (medicine)|Fellowship]] courses. Currently, the college is affiliated to [[Baba Farid University of Health Sciences]] and [[National Medical Commission]] (formerly known as [[Medical Council of India]]).<ref name="bfuhsacin">{{Cite web |title=BFUHS Affiliations |url=https://bfuhs.ac.in/colleges/Ocolleges.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715112656/https://bfuhs.ac.in/colleges/Ocolleges.asp |archive-date=15 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=bfuhs.ac.in}}</ref>
 === Organisation ===
@@ Line 69: / Line 69: @@
 # Christian Nursing College
 # College of Physiotherapy
-# Institute of Allied Health Sciences<ref name="admin" />
+# Institute of Allied Health Sciences<ref name="administration" />
 === Admissions and costs ===
-Admission procedure into the college is through [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET (UG)]] and [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Postgraduate)|NEET (PG)]] for medical degrees. In 2023, ''India Today'' ranked the college 10th for private medical colleges in the country with lowest fees for the entire course duration of {{INRConvert|4|m}}.<ref name="itranks">{{Cite web |title=India Today rankings |url=https://bestcolleges.indiatoday.in/news-detail/medical-the-oath-of-excellence |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701145346/https://bestcolleges.indiatoday.in/news-detail/medical-the-oath-of-excellence |archive-date=1 July 2023 |access-date=2023-08-02}}</ref>
+Admission procedure into the college is through [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET (UG)]] and [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Postgraduate)|NEET (PG)]] for medical degrees. In 2023, ''India Today'' ranked the college 10th for private medical colleges in the country with lowest fees for the entire course duration of {{INRConvert|4|m}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India Today rankings |url=https://bestcolleges.indiatoday.in/news-detail/medical-the-oath-of-excellence |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701145346/https://bestcolleges.indiatoday.in/news-detail/medical-the-oath-of-excellence |archive-date=1 July 2023 |access-date=2023-08-02}}</ref>
 == Rankings ==
@@ Line 86: / Line 86: @@
 == Hospital services ==
-The hospital provides a wide variety of services, ranging from primary peripheral care to superspecialty care. Departments and services include [[Anesthesiology|anaesthesia and critical care]], [[clinical psychology]], [[dermatology]], [[Otorhinolaryngology|ENT]], [[gynaecology]] and [[obstetrics]], [[internal medicine]] and specialties, [[ophthalmology]], [[orthopaedics]], [[paediatrics]], [[psychiatry]], [[physiotherapy]], [[radiation therapy]] and [[surgical specialties]]. Superspecialty services like [[cardiology]], [[cardiothoracic surgery]], [[neurosurgery]], [[oncology]], [[neonatology]], [[neurology]], [[nephrology]], [[paediatric surgery]], [[plastic surgery]] & [[microsurgery]] and [[urology]] & [[Organ transplantation|transplantation]] and [[Hematology|clinical hematology]].<ref name="main">{{Cite web |title=CMC Ludhiana |url=http://www.cmcludhiana.in/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070505121448/http://cmcludhiana.in/ |archive-date=5 May 2007 |access-date=2018-11-09}}</ref>
+The hospital provides a wide variety of services, ranging from primary peripheral care to superspecialty care. Departments and services include [[Anesthesiology|anaesthesia and critical care]], [[clinical psychology]], [[dermatology]], [[Otorhinolaryngology|ENT]], [[gynaecology]] and [[obstetrics]], [[internal medicine]] and specialties, [[ophthalmology]], [[orthopaedics]], [[paediatrics]], [[psychiatry]], [[physiotherapy]], [[radiation therapy]] and [[surgical specialties]]. Superspecialty services like [[cardiology]], [[cardiothoracic surgery]], [[neurosurgery]], [[oncology]], [[neonatology]], [[neurology]], [[nephrology]], [[paediatric surgery]], [[plastic surgery]] & [[microsurgery]] and [[urology]] & [[Organ transplantation|transplantation]] and [[Hematology|clinical hematology]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=CMC Ludhiana |url=http://www.cmcludhiana.in/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070505121448/http://cmcludhiana.in/ |archive-date=5 May 2007 |access-date=2018-11-09}}</ref>
 The hospital's psychiatry department is combating the substance abuse crisis in [[Punjab]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2011 |title=Drug Abuse and De-Addiction in Punjab |url=http://deaddictioncentres.in/news/drug-abuse-de-addiction-punjab/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107001057/http://deaddictioncentres.in/news/drug-abuse-de-addiction-punjab/ |archive-date=7 November 2011 |access-date=22 December 2011}}</ref> The department offers de-addiction services and has found that most patients are between 20 and 30 years old and are addicted to anything from cough syrup and [[heroin]] to [[cocaine]] and alcohol.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 December 2011 |title=Covered in a Cloud of Addiction |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-21/ludhiana/30542149_1/ |url-status=dead |access-date=22 December 2011 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707033335/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-21/ludhiana/30542149_1/ |archive-date=7 July 2012}}</ref>
 == Community services ==
-CMC Ludhiana provides health care and education in urban and rural communities through clinics and medical camps. A dedicated Rural Health Outreach Programme (RHOP) initiative has started to provide a network of health services in the rural belts around [[Ludhiana]] in conjunction with village [[Panchayati raj|panchayat]]s, local trusts and other local organisations.<ref name="cbmmed">{{Cite web |title=CBM Med |url=https://www.cbm.de/unser-weltweites-engagement/asien |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109154842/https://www.cbm.de/unser-weltweites-engagement/asien |archive-date=9 November 2018 |access-date=2018-11-09}}</ref> Clinics in surrounding villages like [[Lalton Kalan]], [[Rauwal]], Malsihan Bhaike, [[Hambran]] are organised and managed under this program.<ref name="cbm">{{Cite web |date=2018-11-09 |title=CBM programmme |url=https://www.cbmindia.org.in/programmes/Christian-Medical-College-and-Hospital-316178.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109234557/https://www.cbmindia.org.in/programmes/Christian-Medical-College-and-Hospital-316178.php |archive-date=9 November 2018 |access-date=2018-11-09}}</ref>
+CMC Ludhiana provides health care and education in urban and rural communities through clinics and medical camps. A dedicated Rural Health Outreach Programme (RHOP) initiative has started to provide a network of health services in the rural belts around [[Ludhiana]] in conjunction with village [[Panchayati raj|panchayats]], local trusts and other local organisations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CBM Med |url=https://www.cbm.de/unser-weltweites-engagement/asien |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109154842/https://www.cbm.de/unser-weltweites-engagement/asien |archive-date=9 November 2018 |access-date=2018-11-09}}</ref> Clinics in surrounding villages like [[Lalton Kalan]], [[Rauwal]], Malsihan Bhaike, [[Hambran]] are organised and managed under this program.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-09 |title=CBM programmme |url=https://www.cbmindia.org.in/programmes/Christian-Medical-College-and-Hospital-316178.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109234557/https://www.cbmindia.org.in/programmes/Christian-Medical-College-and-Hospital-316178.php |archive-date=9 November 2018 |access-date=2018-11-09}}</ref>
 == Campus ==
 [[File:Lady Willington Hall with timecapsule.jpg|thumb|Lady Willingdon Hall and time capsule]]
-Comprising 44 acres, the college is situated in old [[Ludhiana]].<ref name ="Infrastructure" /> Majority of the buildings such as college chapel and hospital block are constructed during [[British Raj]] times and are well preserved. Named after the wife of [[Viceroy of India]] [[Marie Freeman-Thomas, Marchioness of Willingdon]], Lady Willingdon Hall is a 115-year-old red sandstone building, used regularly for meetings and various programmes.<ref name="Willingdon ">{{Cite web |date=14 April 2009 |title=Willingdon Hall |url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/cities/ludhiana/legacy-of-the-british-raj/lite/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726175216/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ludhiana/legacy-of-the-british-raj/lite/ |archive-date=26 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
+Comprising 44 acres, the college is situated in old [[Ludhiana]].<ref name="infrastructure" /> Majority of the buildings such as college chapel and hospital block are constructed during [[British Raj]] times and are well preserved. Named after the wife of [[Viceroy of India]] [[Marie Freeman-Thomas, Marchioness of Willingdon]], Lady Willingdon Hall is a 115-year-old red sandstone building, used regularly for meetings and various programmes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 April 2009 |title=Willingdon Hall |url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/cities/ludhiana/legacy-of-the-british-raj/lite/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726175216/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ludhiana/legacy-of-the-british-raj/lite/ |archive-date=26 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
-Nobel Laureate [[Sir Ronald Ross]] visited the institution in 1902, after the discovery of malarial parasite. The boys hostel of the college is named Ross Hostel in memoriam and the residents are called Rossians.<ref name="ross">{{Cite web |title=Ross Hostel |url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/2001/20011030/ldh2.htm#2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726175214/https://m.tribuneindia.com/2001/20011030/ldh2.htm#2 |archive-date=26 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref><ref name="tjima">{{Cite web |title=Telegana Journal IMA |url=https://www.tjima.org/journal/index.php/tjima/article/download/22/17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726175212/https://www.tjima.org/journal/index.php/tjima/article/download/22/17 |archive-date=26 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
+Nobel Laureate [[Sir Ronald Ross]] visited the institution in 1902, after the discovery of malarial parasite. The boys hostel of the college is named Ross Hostel in memoriam and the residents are called Rossians.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ross Hostel |url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/2001/20011030/ldh2.htm#2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726175214/https://m.tribuneindia.com/2001/20011030/ldh2.htm#2 |archive-date=26 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telegana Journal IMA |url=https://www.tjima.org/journal/index.php/tjima/article/download/22/17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726175212/https://www.tjima.org/journal/index.php/tjima/article/download/22/17 |archive-date=26 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
 == Research and innovations ==
@@ Line 104: / Line 104: @@
 === Molecular research laboratory ===
-Betty Cowan Research and Innovation Centre (BCRIC) is a [[Molecular biology|molecular research laboratory]] started in 2010. The research lab is working on [[cancer stem cells]] and [[MicroRNA]]s in brain tumours to find potential biomarkers and molecular targets for the better management of brain tumours.<ref name="betty cowan ">{{Cite web |date=18 August 2010 |title=Betty Cowan Research Institute |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ludhiana/in-brief-665/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726175218/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ludhiana/in-brief-665/ |archive-date=26 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
+Betty Cowan Research and Innovation Centre (BCRIC) is a [[Molecular biology|molecular research laboratory]] started in 2010. The research lab is working on [[cancer stem cells]] and [[MicroRNA]]s in brain tumours to find potential biomarkers and molecular targets for the better management of brain tumours.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2010 |title=Betty Cowan Research Institute |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ludhiana/in-brief-665/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726175218/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ludhiana/in-brief-665/ |archive-date=26 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
 === Surgical research hub ===
-In 2019, [[National Institute for Health and Care Research]] has set up the first surgical research hub in India in CMC Ludhiana.<ref name="toi global">{{Cite news |date=16 April 2019 |title=TOI global surgery |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/cmch-gets-first-ever-surgical-research-hub-in-india/articleshow/68895388.cms?frmapp=yes |url-status=live |access-date=2023-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726175222/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/cmch-gets-first-ever-surgical-research-hub-in-india/articleshow/68895388.cms?frmapp=yes&from=mdr |archive-date=26 July 2023}}</ref> It was set up by the [[Global health#The NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery|Global Surgery Unit]] in partnership with [[University of Birmingham]] and [[University of Edinburgh]] along with the medical college to reduce the [[Perioperative mortality|surgical site infections]] in India.<ref name="Birmingham ">{{Cite web |title=University of Birmingham |url=https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/quest/21st-century-healthcare/global-surgery.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324060404/https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/quest/21st-century-healthcare/global-surgery.aspx |archive-date=24 March 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref><ref name="gsu">{{Cite web |title=GSU |url=https://www.globalsurgeryunit.org/global-surgery-our-teams/india-hub/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321213902/https://www.globalsurgeryunit.org/global-surgery-our-teams/india-hub/ |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
+In 2019, [[National Institute for Health and Care Research]] has set up the first surgical research hub in India in CMC Ludhiana.<ref name="the times of india-2019">{{Cite news |date=16 April 2019 |title=TOI global surgery |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/cmch-gets-first-ever-surgical-research-hub-in-india/articleshow/68895388.cms?frmapp=yes |url-status=live |access-date=2023-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726175222/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/cmch-gets-first-ever-surgical-research-hub-in-india/articleshow/68895388.cms?frmapp=yes&from=mdr |archive-date=26 July 2023}}</ref> It was set up by the [[Global health#The NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery|Global Surgery Unit]] in partnership with [[University of Birmingham]] and [[University of Edinburgh]] along with the medical college to reduce the [[Perioperative mortality|surgical site infections]] in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Birmingham |url=https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/quest/21st-century-healthcare/global-surgery.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324060404/https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/quest/21st-century-healthcare/global-surgery.aspx |archive-date=24 March 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=GSU |url=https://www.globalsurgeryunit.org/global-surgery-our-teams/india-hub/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321213902/https://www.globalsurgeryunit.org/global-surgery-our-teams/india-hub/ |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
 === National Faculty Development and FAIMER ===
-The [[Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research]] (FAIMER), USA and [[National Medical Commission]] (formerly [[Medical Council of India]]) have recognised the institution as a nodal centre for faculty development. Over a thousand faculty members from various medical colleges have been trained so far through these initiatives.<ref name="nmc faimer">{{Cite web |title=NMC FAIMER |url=https://www.nmc.org.in/information-desk/for-colleges/national-faculty-development-programme/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123095746/https://www.nmc.org.in/information-desk/for-colleges/national-faculty-development-programme/ |archive-date=23 January 2022 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
+The [[Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research]] (FAIMER), USA and [[National Medical Commission]] (formerly [[Medical Council of India]]) have recognised the institution as a nodal centre for faculty development. Over a thousand faculty members from various medical colleges have been trained so far through these initiatives.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NMC FAIMER |url=https://www.nmc.org.in/information-desk/for-colleges/national-faculty-development-programme/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123095746/https://www.nmc.org.in/information-desk/for-colleges/national-faculty-development-programme/ |archive-date=23 January 2022 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
-The FAIMER regional institute holds its sessions annually and enrolls 20 [[Fellowship (medicine)|fellows]] for intensive training in educational methods and educational leadership.<ref name="FAIMER site">{{Cite web |date=2018-10-10 |title=FAIMER site |url=https://www.faimer.org/education/regional.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010060630/https://www.faimer.org/education/regional.html |archive-date=10 October 2018 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-10 |title=CMCL FAIMER site |url=https://cmcl.faimerfri.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010011148/https://cmcl.faimerfri.org/ |archive-date=10 October 2018 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
+The FAIMER regional institute holds its sessions annually and enrolls 20 [[Fellowship (medicine)|fellows]] for intensive training in educational methods and educational leadership.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-10 |title=FAIMER site |url=https://www.faimer.org/education/regional.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010060630/https://www.faimer.org/education/regional.html |archive-date=10 October 2018 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-10 |title=CMCL FAIMER site |url=https://cmcl.faimerfri.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010011148/https://cmcl.faimerfri.org/ |archive-date=10 October 2018 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
 === CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research ===
 An [[peer review]]ed [[open access]] [[medical journal]] titled CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research is published by the institution quarterly.
-<ref name="chrismed">{{Cite web |title=Chrismed |url=https://journals.lww.com/CHRI/pages/aboutthejournal.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608031602/https://journals.lww.com/CHRI/pages/aboutthejournal.aspx |archive-date=8 June 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
+<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chrismed |url=https://journals.lww.com/CHRI/pages/aboutthejournal.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608031602/https://journals.lww.com/CHRI/pages/aboutthejournal.aspx |archive-date=8 June 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
 It was started publishing in 2014 by [[Wolters Kluwer]] India and includes [[scientific literature|original articles]], [[research reports]], [[case reports]] and papers on [[medical]], [[Dental degree|dental]], [[nursing]] and [[Allied health professions|allied health sciences]].
-<ref name="doaj">{{Cite web |title=DOAJ |url=https://doaj.org/toc/2348-506X?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22terms%22%3A%7B%22index.issn.exact%22%3A%5B%222348-3334%22%2C%222348-506X%22%5D%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%22size%22%3A100%2C%22sort%22%3A%5B%7B%22created_date%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22_source%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22track_total_hits%22%3Atrue%7D |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725215341/https://doaj.org/toc/2348-506X?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22terms%22%3A%7B%22index.issn.exact%22%3A%5B%222348-3334%22%2C%222348-506X%22%5D%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%22size%22%3A100%2C%22sort%22%3A%5B%7B%22created_date%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22_source%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22track_total_hits%22%3Atrue%7D |archive-date=25 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref><ref name="medknow">{{Cite web |title=MedKnow |url=https://www.medknow.com/journals.asp?tag=C |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201022429/https://www.medknow.com/journals.asp?tag=C |archive-date=1 February 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
+<ref>{{Cite web |title=DOAJ |url=https://doaj.org/toc/2348-506X?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22terms%22%3A%7B%22index.issn.exact%22%3A%5B%222348-3334%22%2C%222348-506X%22%5D%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%22size%22%3A100%2C%22sort%22%3A%5B%7B%22created_date%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22_source%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22track_total_hits%22%3Atrue%7D |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725215341/https://doaj.org/toc/2348-506X?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22terms%22%3A%7B%22index.issn.exact%22%3A%5B%222348-3334%22%2C%222348-506X%22%5D%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%22size%22%3A100%2C%22sort%22%3A%5B%7B%22created_date%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22_source%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22track_total_hits%22%3Atrue%7D |archive-date=25 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MedKnow |url=https://www.medknow.com/journals.asp?tag=C |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201022429/https://www.medknow.com/journals.asp?tag=C |archive-date=1 February 2023 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
 == Notable alumni ==
-* [[Abraham Thomas (surgeon)|Abraham Thomas]] – [[Plastic surgery|plastic]] and [[microsurgery|microsurgeron]], former director, and recipient of 2002 [[Dr. B. C. Roy Award]]<ref name="AGT">{{Cite news |title=Abraham Thomas |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/ludhiana/dr-thomas-to-leave-for-kerala-to-enjoy-post-retirement-life-567895 |url-status=live |access-date=2023-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725215352/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/ludhiana/dr-thomas-to-leave-for-kerala-to-enjoy-post-retirement-life-567895 |archive-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>
+* [[Abraham Thomas (surgeon)|Abraham Thomas]] – [[Plastic surgery|plastic]] and [[microsurgery|microsurgeron]], former director, and recipient of 2002 [[Dr. B. C. Roy Award]]<ref name="abraham thomas">{{Cite news |title=Abraham Thomas |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/ludhiana/dr-thomas-to-leave-for-kerala-to-enjoy-post-retirement-life-567895 |url-status=live |access-date=2023-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725215352/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/ludhiana/dr-thomas-to-leave-for-kerala-to-enjoy-post-retirement-life-567895 |archive-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>
-* [[Forrest C. Eggleston]] – former director<ref name="Eggleston ">{{Cite web |title=F C Eggleston |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020822/ldh3.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325025150/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020822/ldh3.htm |archive-date=25 March 2016 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
+* [[Forrest C. Eggleston]] – former director<ref>{{Cite web |title=F C Eggleston |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020822/ldh3.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325025150/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020822/ldh3.htm |archive-date=25 March 2016 |access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
 == Gallery ==

v t e Universities and Colleges in Punjab, India
Autonomous institutions	Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali Indian Institute of Technology Ropar All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda
Central universities	Central University of Punjab
State universities	Baba Farid University of Health Sciences Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Guru Nanak Dev University Guru Ravidas Ayurved University I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University Jagat Guru Nanak Dev Punjab State Open University Punjab Sports University Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University Panjab University Punjab Agricultural University Punjabi University Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law Sardar Beant Singh State University Shaheed Bhagat Singh State University Sri Guru Teg Bahadur State University of Law
Private universities	Adesh University Akal University Chandigarh University Chitkara University, Punjab CT University DAV (Dayanand Anglo Vedic) University Desh Bhagat University GNA University Guru Kashi University Lovely Professional University Plaksha University Sant Baba Bhag Singh University Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University Rayat-Bahra University
Deemed universities	Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology
Engineering colleges & institutions	Bhutta College of Engineering & Technology Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Engineering College Baba Hira Singh Bhattal Institute of Engineering and Technology Bhai Gurdas Institute of Engineering & Technology Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology Chandigarh Engineering College Chitkara University Institute of Engineering & Technology DAV Institute of Engineering & Technology Desh Bhagat Institute of Engineering and Management Guru Gobind Singh College of Modern Technology Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana Guru Teg Bahadur Khalsa Institute of Engineering & Technology, Chhapianwali, Malout Indo Global College of Engineering Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bhaddal Lala Lajpat Rai Institute of Engineering and Technology Malout Institute of Management and Information Technology Panjab University Swami Sarvanand Giri Regional Centre, Hoshiarpur Punjab Engineering College Rayat Institute of Engineering & Information Technology Regional Institute of Management and Technology Sri Sai Group of Institutes (Pathankot, Amritsar, Palampur) Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University
Medical colleges	Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences & Research All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda Christian Medical College, Ludhiana Dayanand Medical College & Hospital Government Medical College, Amritsar Government Medical College, Patiala Guru Gobind Singh Medical College
Law colleges	Army Institute of Law Aryans College of Law Baba Farid Law College Baba Kundan Singh Memorial Law College Bathinda College of Law Bhai Gurdas College of Law Khalsa College of Law Rayat College of Law St. Soldier Law College Universal Law College
Management institutions	Desh Bhagat Institute of Engineering and Management Indian School of Business Regional Institute of Management and Technology Sri Sai Group of Institutes (Pathankot, Amritsar, Palampur)

Authority control databases
International	ISNI VIAF
National	United States