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Revision as of 19:37, 6 November 2008
Luang Por Chah | |
|---|---|
| Personal | |
| Born | 17 June 1918 |
| Died | 16 January 1992 (aged 73) |
| Nationality | Thai |
| School | Theravada |
| Occupation | Buddhist monk |
| Senior posting | |
| Teacher | Ven. Mun Bhuridatta |
| Successor | Ajahn Liem |
| Website | ajahnchah.org watnongpahpong.org watpahnanachat.org |
Venerable Ajahn Chah Subhaddo (Chao Khun Bodhinyana Thera) (Thai:Template:Lang-th, alternatively spelled Achaan Chah, occasionally with honorific titles Luang Por and Phra; 17 June 1918 – 16 January 1992) was an influential teacher of the Buddhadharma and a founder of two major monasteries in the Thai Forest Tradition.
Respected and loved in his own country as a man of great wisdom, he was also instrumental in establishing Theravada Buddhism in the West. Beginning in 1979 with the founding of Cittaviveka (commonly known as Chithurst Buddhist Monastery) [1] in the United Kingdom, the Thai Forest Tradition of Ajahn Chah has spread throughout Europe, the United States and the British Commonwealth. The dhamma talks of Ajahn Chah were recorded, transcribed and translated into several languages.
Over one million people attended Ajahn Chah's funeral in 1992, including the Thai royal family[2]. He left behind a legacy of dhamma talks, students, and monasteries.
Early Biography
Ajahn Chah was born on June 17, 1918 near Ubon Ratchathani in the Isan region of northeast Thailand. His family were subsistence farmers. As is traditional, Ajahn Chah entered the monastery at age nine as a novice, where he learned to read and write during his three year stay. He left the monastary to help his family on the farm, but later returned to monastic life on April 26,1939 seeking ordination as a Theravadan monk (or bhikku) [3]. According to the book Food for the Heart: The Collected Writings of Ajahn Chah, he chose to leave the monastic life in 1946 and became a wandering ascetic after the death of his father[4]. He walked across Thailand, taking teachings at various monasteries. Among his teachers at this time was Ajahn Mun, a renown meditation master in the Forest Tradition. Ajahn Chah lived in caves and forests while learning from the meditation monks of the Forest Tradition. A website devoted to Ajahn Chah eloquently describes this period of his life:
For the next seven years Ajahn Chah practiced in the style of an ascetic monk in the austere Forest Tradition, spending his time in forests, caves and cremation grounds, ideal places for developing meditation practice. He wandered through the countryside in quest of quiet and secluded places for developing meditation. He lived in tiger and cobra infested jungles, using reflections on death to penetrate to the true meaning of life. On one occasion he practiced in a cremation ground, to challenge and eventually overcome his fear of death. Then, as he sat cold and drenched in a rainstorm, he faced the utter desolation and loneliness of a homeless monk.
The Thai Forest Tradition
During the early part of the twentieth century Theravada Buddhism underwent a revival in Thailand due to the fortuitous presence of outstanding teachers whose intentions were to raise the standards of Buddhist practise throughout the country. One of these teachers was the Venerable Ajahn Mun Bhuridatta. Ajahn Chah continued Ajahn Mun's high standards of practise when he became a teacher.
The monks of this tradition keep very strictly to the original monastic rule laid down by the Buddha known as the patimokkha or the vinaya. The early major schisms in the Buddhist sangha were largely due to disagreements over how strictly the training rules should be applied. Some opted for a degree of flexibility (some would argue liberality) whereas others took a conservative view believing that the rules should be kept just as the Buddha had framed them. The Theravada tradition is the heir to the latter view. An example of the strictness of the discipline might be the rule regarding eating.
In the tradition of Ajahn Chah, a monk who is not ill may not eat between noon and dawn of the following day. This is not an arbitrary rule but follows the recommendation of the Buddha that it is highly beneficial to eat in only one part of the day. Also this discipline is sometimes augmented and supported by various ascetic practices known as dhutanga, which are used on an occasional or regular basis to deepen devotional practice. They might, for example, eat only one meal a day, sleep outside under a tree, or dwell in secluded forests or graveyards.
Monastaries Founded
After years of wandering, Ajahn Chah decided to plant roots in an uninhabited grove near his birthplace. In 1954, Wat Nong Pah Pong monastery was established, where Ajahn Chah could teach his simple, practice-based form of meditation. He attracted a wide varierty of disciples, which included in 1966, the first Westerner, Venerable Ajahn Sumedho[5]. Wat Nong Pah Pong [6] includes over 250 branches throughout Thailand, as well as over 15 associated monasteries and ten lay practice centers around the world. [7]
In 1975, Wat Pah Nanachat (International Forest Monestary) was founded with Ajahn Sumedho as the abbot. Wat Pah Nanachat was the first monastery in Thailand specifically geared towards training English-speaking Westerners in the monastic Vinaya, as well as the first run by a Westerner.
In 1977, Ajahn Chah and Ajahn Sumedho were invited to visit the United Kingdom by the English Sangha Trust who wanted to form a residential sangha[8]. 1979 saw the founding of Cittaviveka (commonly known as Chithurst Buddhist Monastery due to its location in the town of Chithurst) with Ajahn Sumedho as its head. Several of Ajahn Chah's Western students have since established monasteries throughout the world.
By the early 1980s, Ajahn Chah's health was in decline due to diabetes. He was taken to Bangkok for surgery to relieve paralysis caused by the diabetes, but it was to little effect. Ajahn Chah used his ill health as a teaching point, emphasizing that it was "a living example of the impermanence of all things...(and) reminded people to endeavor to find a true refuge within themselves, since he would not be able to teach for very much longer"[9]. Ajahn Chah would remain bedridden and ultimately unable to speak for ten years, until his death on January 16, 1992 at the age of 73[10].
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Famous Western students
- Venerable Ajahn Sumedho: Abbot of Amaravati Buddhist Monastery, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire England
- Venerable Ajahn Khemadhammo : Abbot of The Forest Hermitage, Warwickshire, England
- Venerable Ajahn Munindo : Abbot of Aruna Ratanagiri Buddhist Monastery, Northumberland, England
- Venerable Ajahn Pasanno : Co-abbot of Abhayagiri Monastery Redwood Valley, California, USA
- Venerable Ajahn Brahm : Spiritual Director of the Buddhist Society of Western Australian and Abbot of Bodhinyana Buddhist Monastery, Serpentine WA, Australia
- Venerable Ajahn Amaro : Co-abbot of Abhayagiri Monastery Redwood Valley, California, USA
- Venerable Ajahn Viradhammo: Abbot of Tisarana Buddhist Monastery, Perth, Ontario, Canada
- Joseph Kappel
- Jack Kornfield, author and co-founder of the Insight Meditation Society in Barre, Massachusetts
Notes
- ^ Website of Chithurst Buddhist Monastery
- ^ http://www.abhayagiri.org/index.php/main/community_member/303/
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ http://ajahnchah.org/book/About_Ajahn_Chah.php
- ^ Website of Wat Nong Pah Pong
- ^ http://ajahnchah.org/book/About_Ajahn_Chah.php
- ^ http://www.buddhanet.net/masters/sumedho.htm
- ^ http://ajahnchah.org/book/About_Ajahn_Chah.php
- ^ http://www.forestsangha.org/aboutchah.htm
References
- A Still Forest Pool: The Insight Meditation of Achaan Chah (Jack Kornfield ed.). Theosophical Publishing House (1985). ISBN 0-8356-0597-3.
- Being Dharma: The Essence of the Buddha's Teachings. Shambahla Press (2001). ISBN 1-57062-808-4.
- Food for the Heart (Ajahn Amaro, ed.). Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2002. ISBN 0-86171-323-0.
- Teachings of a Buddhist Monk, Ajahn Sumedho, (Ed. Diana St Ruth — Illustrator Marcelle Hanselaar), Buddhist Publishing Group, 1990/2001. ISBN 0-946672-23-7.
External links
- Short biography and picture.
- Video: detailed biography of Ajahn Chah
- Website of Wat Nong Pah Pong
- International branch monasteries of Wat Nong Pah Pong
- Ajahn Chah website - in English and other languages, with useful links and info.
- Muttodaya Forest Monastery - Affiliated monastery in Germany for Western monks.
Teachings
- PDF ebook: The Teachings of Ajahn Chah - main collection of Dhamma talks.
- Dhamma talks by Ajahn Chah.
- Dhamma talks in MP3 audio format, with English translation.
- Portal of the Ajahn Chah Sangha, including MP3s.
