Metairie, Louisiana

Metairie (local pronunciations /ˈmɛtəɹi/, /ˈmɛtɹi/) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 146,136 at the 2000 census. Adjacent to New Orleans, Metairie is the largest community in Jefferson Parish. It is an unincorporated area that would be larger than most of the state's cities if it were incorporated. The zip codes that serve the community are 70001-70006.

The original spelling, Métairie, is the French language term for a tenant farm which paid the landlord with a share of the produce (sharecropping), as this was the main activity of the area from the 1760s to the 1930s.

History

Metairie was first settled by the French in the 1760s along an area known as Metairie Ridge, a natural levee formed by an ancient branch of the Mississippi River which flowed through modern day River Ridge, Metairie, Gentilly, and New Orleans East. It emptied into Mississippi Sound. The Acolapissa Native Americans used this ridge as a road, and is the oldest road in the New Orleans area. Today, this road, which was paved in the 1920s, is called Metairie Road. An electric streetcar was installed running along Metairie Road in the late 1910s, opening the area to greater development. Upscale housing tracts were constructed off the road in the 1920s; this area is now known as "Old Metairie." It is today the most prestigious area of Metairie. The areas to the north and northwest of Metairie Road were not developed until after World War II. The land between Metairie Ridge and Lake Pontchartrain, which was cypress swamps and marshlands, was drained with the Wood pump. With this new land, Metairie's population grew in the 1940s as a result of cheaper land, lower taxes, and larger lots than in Orleans Parish. Racism against blacks played a role in the growth of a white Metairie beginning in 1960, when federal courts forced racial integration of public schools in Orleans Parish. The continued growth of Metairie at the expense of New Orleans' population continued in the 1980s when crime was a leading motivation for the migration westward. Hurricane Katrina caused a new migration from Orleans Parish. This migration resulted from the need of housing. It has been a racially neutral migration, with equal numbers of black and white residents moving to Jefferson.

Veterans Boulevard was laid out alongside a drainage canal, and became a commercial center of the region. The Central Business District of Metairie is located on Causeway Blvd near Lake Ponchartrain. Metairie also has one of the handful of major malls located in the New Orleans metro area. Lakeside Shopping Center is the highest grossing mall in the New Orleans metropolitan area. In the 1970s and early 1980s, an area of bars and nightclubs opened in a section of Metairie known as "Fat City." Metairie has a large Mardi Gras season that touts itself as a more family-friendly version of the New Orleans Mardi Gras.

Fort Lauderdale Hurricane

The 1947 Fort Lauderdale Hurricane with winds of 125 mph (195 km/h) directly hit Metairie. Much of the community was under six feet of water.

Hurricane Betsy

Hurricane Betsy, a category three storm, hit the area in 1965, causing extensive wind damage and moderate flooding.

Flood of 1995

The May 8th 1995 Louisiana Flood, which dumped upwards of twenty inches of rain into Metairie in a twelve-hour period, flooded some parts of the region, especially areas south and west of Metairie, including Kenner, Harahan, and River Ridge.

Hurricane Katrina

The intersection of Clearview and Veterans the day after Katrina

Evacuees at Causeway and I-10 waiting to leave several days after the storm

On August 29, 2005, Metairie was hit hard by the devastating effects of Hurricane Katrina, including widespread wind damage and flooding. There were 29 reported deaths related to Katrina in Metairie. According to satellite images and flood maps, upwards of 75% of Metairie flooded. Initial insured damages in Metairie are between 3 and 5 billion US dollars. The death toll and damage were less in Metairie than in bordering Orleans Parish, largely because the Metairie side of the 17th Street Canal did not breach.

Residents were given a mandatory evacuation on August 28, 2005, the first time one has ever been ordered. Residents were not allowed to return until September 4. However, residents were only allowed to quickly visit their homes or business between 7AM and 6PM. Residents were not allowed to return after that until September 15, 2005. This period of over two weeks in exile angered many residents, especially those whose homes flooded. As they were unable to empty the houses of water, they suffered more damage.

Metairie was used as a staging area to evacuate people from New Orleans. The most organized effort took place where Causeway intersects I-10. There evacuees gathered or were brought to wait for buses.

The flooding in Metairie had three causes:

• Lake Ponchartrain backflow into canals: Jefferson Parish President Aaron Broussard evacuated all pumping station operators from their posts to spots over one hundred miles away in Washington Parish in anticipation of the hurricane. Normally, the machines would be on, not only preventing the Lake from flowing into the drainage canals, but also pumping the rain waters out. Lack of pumping led to severe flooding of Metairie in most areas north of Interstate 10.
• Rain waters: Because almost all of Metairie is between two and seven feet below sea level, all rain water was captured in the Metairie "bowl." Unable to return for nearly two days, the pump operators could not turn the pumps on to pump out any of the rain water or backflow.
• 17th Street Canal breach: There was no breach on the Metairie side of the canal; however, water crept into Metairie through Airline Highway. The narrow high ground of Metairie Road and some elevated railroad tracks partially contained the area of flooding. This water chiefly caused the flooding in the southern part of Old Metairie.

Many Metairie residents are joining a class action lawsuit against Aaron Broussard because of his removal of pump operators. Other residents have attempted to recall and remove Broussard as Parish President for what they see as negligence, but they failed to get the support and signatures needed.

See also: Effect of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans

Sports and Recreation

Metairie is home to the New Orleans Zephyrs baseball team. The minor league club has played its home games at Zephyr Field since 1997 and is a member of the Pacific Coast League.

Jefferson Parish has created many parks in Metairie. Many of these playgrounds have organized sports leagues such as soccer, baseball, and basketball. Some of them also have other programs, such as low cost piano lessons. For more information, please see the Metairie.com recreation page

• Lafreniere Park
• Delta Playground
• Pontiff Playground
• Miley Playground
• Girard Playground
• Cleary Playground
• Johnny Bright Playground

Education

File:Rummel.jpg

Picture of Archbishop Rummel High School.

Metairie's public schools are operated by the Jefferson Parish Public School System. There are two public high schools in Metairie:

• East Jefferson High School
• Grace King High School

Public Middle Schools Include:

• John Q. Adams Middle [1]
• Bunche Accelerated Academy for High School Preparation [2] (formerly Ralph J. Bunche Middle)
• T.H. Harris Middle [3]
• Haynes Academy for Advanced Studies [4] (formerly Vernon and Gilda Haynes Middle School)
• J.D. Meisler Middle [5]

Public Elementary Schools Include:

• Airline Park Elementary
• Alice Birney Elementary [6]
• Bissonet Plaza Elementary [7]
• Bridgedale Elementary [8]
• Ella Dolhonde Elementary
• J.C. Ellis Elementary [9]
• Green Park Elementary [10]
• Phoebe Hearst Elementary [11]
• Harold Keller Elementary [12]
• Joseph S. Maggiore, Sr. Elementary
• Rudolph Matas Elementary [13]
• Metairie Academy for Advanced Studies [14] (formerly Metairie Grammar School)
• Marie Riviere Elementary [15]

Catholic, Private, & ISAS Member elementary, middle, and preparatory schools include:

• Archbishop Chapelle High School
• Archbishop Rummel High School
• Atonement Lutheran School [16]
• Crescent City Christian School [17]
• Ecole Classique [18]
• Heritage Academy
• Kehoe-France School [19]
• Lutheran High School [20]
• Memorial Baptist Christian School [21]
• Metairie Park Country Day School
• New Orleans Jewish Day School [22]
• Our Lady of Divine Providence School [23]
• Ridgewood Preparatory School
• St. Angela Merici School [24]
• St. Ann School [25]
• St. Benilde School [26]
• St. Catherine of Siena School [27]
• St. Christopher School [28]
• St. Clement of Rome School [29]
• St. Edward the Confessor School [30]
• St. Francis Xavier School [31]
• St. Louis King of France School [32]
• St. Martin's Episcopal School
• St. Mary Magdalene School [33]
• St. Philip Neri School [34]
• Torah Academy [35]
• Victory Christian Academy [36]

Religion

In Metairie, 56.87% of its citizens identify themsleves with some religion. There are 41.47% Roman Catholics, 12.77% Protestants, 0.39% Latter Day Saints, 0.97% are another Christian Faith, 0.61% are Jewish, 0.02% are and Eastern faith, 0.64% are Muslim.

Metairie is home to Congregation Gates of Prayer, a Reform synagogue, which is currently sharing its building with Congregation Beth Israel, the oldest Orthodox congregation in the New Orleans region. Beth Israel's building in Lakeview, New Orleans was destroyed by Hurricane Katrina.

Metairie's Catholic churches are also part of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. Metairie is home to 13 Catholic parishes and schools.

Geography

Metairie is located in eastern Jefferson Parish and its boundaries include New Orleans to the east, Kenner to the west, Lake Pontchartrain to the north, and Airline Highway to the south. South of Airline Highway from Metairie are River Ridge, Harahan, Elmwood, and Jefferson.

The 17th Street Canal forms the border between Metairie and New Orleans to the east.

Metairie is located at 29°59′52″N 90°10′39″W (29.997797, -90.177473)Template:GR and has an elevation of 3 feet (0.9 m)Template:GR. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 23.3 square miles (60.2 km²), of which, 23.2 square miles (60.1 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.1 km²) of it (0.22%) is water.

Climate

Climate data for Metairie, Louisiana
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Source: The Weather Channel.

Transportation

The most common method of transportation within Metairie is the automobile. Mass transit is provided by "JeT" (Jefferson Transit), but it does not run on Sundays, holidays, or late at night, unlike many lines of New Orleans' RTA.

Interstate 10 runs east-west through Metairie.

Major east-west roads (starting from north to south) include West Esplanade Avenue, Veterans Memorial Boulevard, West Napoleon Avenue, West Metairie Avenue, Metairie Road, Airline Drive (which is part of U.S. Highway 61) and Jefferson Highway (which is part of U.S. Highway 90). The Earhart Expressway, running east-west immediately south of Airline Drive, is the only other freeway entering New Orleans from the west, but it ends as an expressway soon after crossing the parish line and well before downtown (in Central City.)

Multi-line, continuous north-south roads (starting from west to east) include Power Boulevard/David Drive/Hickory Avenue, Transcontinental Drive, Clearview Parkway, Causeway Boulevard, and Bonnabel Boulevard.

The Lake Pontchartrain Causeway's southern end lies in this city.

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1970	136,477		—
1980	164,160		20.3%
1990	149,428		−9.0%
2000	146,136		−2.2%
2006 (est.)	125,027

As of the 2000 censusTemplate:GR, there were 146,136 people living in Metairie. The racial makeup of Metairie is:

86.53% White

7.25% Hispanic or Latino of any race

6.83% African American

2.77% Asian

1.91% from other races

1.68% from two or more races.

0.27% Native American

0.02% Pacific Islander

Other statistics

There were 39,073 families residing in Metairie. The population density was 6,296.7 people per square mile (2,431.0/km²). There were 67,225 housing units, at an average density of 1,118.3/km² (2,896.6/sq mi). There were 63,741 households out of which 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.1% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.7% were non-families. 32.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.93. In Metairie the population is spread out with 20.6% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 91.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.1 males. The median income for a household in Metairie is $41,265, and the median income for a family was $52,555. Males had a median income of $37,371 versus $27,057 for females. The per capita income for Metairie is $24,771. About 6.2% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.2% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over.

Notable natives and residents

• Al Copeland -- founder of Popeye's Chicken franchises and Copeland's.
• Candice Stewart -- first African-American woman to represent Louisiana in the Miss USA pageant.
• Danny Granger-- Professional Basketball player.Forward of the Indiana Pacers
• David Duke -- politician and white supremacist
• Ellen DeGeneres -- Comedian, talkshow host
• John Goodman -- Golden Globe and Emmy-winning American actor.
• Ken Hollis -- state senator since 1982
• Paul Mares -- jazz musician
• Pete Fountain -- clarinetist
• Reese Witherspoon -- Actress
• Eugene Grace-- House Guest on CBS Big Brother Season 10

See also

• New Orleans
• Kenner, Louisiana
• Metairie Cemetery

External links

• Metairie's Community's Website
• Jefferson Parish Convention and Visitors Bureau - Tourism
• Lafreniere Park Photo Gallery