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Coordinates: 39°52′N 20°00′E / 39.867°N 20.000°E / 39.867; 20.000
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==History==
==History==
In antiquity the city was known by the ancient Greek name of '''Onchesmos''' (or Anchiasmos) <ref>Strabo, ''The Geography'', Book VII, Chapter 7.5: "...these mountains one comes to Onchesmus, another harbor, opposite which lie the western extremities of Corcyraea."</ref><ref>Bowden, William. ''Epirus Vetus: The Archaeology of a Late Antique Province''. London: Duckworth, 2003, ISBN 0715631160, p. 14. "Anchiasmos (Onchesmos)"</ref><ref>Hodges, Richard. ''Saranda - Ancient Onchesmos: A Short History and Guide''. Butrint Foundation, 2007. ISBN 9994394363</ref> and was inhabited by the [[Greeks|Greek]] <ref>Hammond, N.G.L. ''Philip of Macedon''. London, UK: Duckworth, 1994. "Epirus was a land of milk and animal products...The social unit was a small tribe, consisting of several nomadic or semi-nomadic groups, and these tribes, of which more than seventy names are known, coalesced into large tribal coalitions, three in number: Thesprotians, Molossians and Chaonians...We know from the discovery of inscriptions that these tribes were speaking the Greek language (in a West-Greek dialect)."</ref> tribe of [[Chaonians]]. Onchesmos flourished as the port of the Chaonian capital of [[Phoenice]].<ref>Talbert, Richard J.A. and Bagnall, Roger S. ''Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World'', 2000, p. 815. "harbor, cape or town in Epirus between Onchesmos and Bouthroton."</ref><ref>Eidinow, Esther. ''Oracles, Curses, and Risk Among the Ancient Greeks''. Oxford University Press, 2007. ISBN 0199277788 "Onchesmos was the principal port of Phoinike, the capital of Chaonia,..."</ref> In 552 CE it experienced repeated attacks from the [[Goths]]{{Fact|date=June 2009}}.
In antiquity the city was known by the ancient Greek name of '''Onchesmos''' (or Anchiasmos) <ref>Strabo, ''The Geography'', Book VII, Chapter 7.5: "...these mountains one comes to Onchesmus, another harbor, opposite which lie the western extremities of Corcyraea."</ref><ref>Bowden, William. ''Epirus Vetus: The Archaeology of a Late Antique Province''. London: Duckworth, 2003, ISBN 0715631160, p. 14. "Anchiasmos (Onchesmos)"</ref><ref>Hodges, Richard. ''Saranda - Ancient Onchesmos: A Short History and Guide''. Butrint Foundation, 2007. ISBN 9994394363</ref> and was inhabited by greek speaking tribes <ref>Hammond, N.G.L. ''Philip of Macedon''. London, UK: Duckworth, 1994. "Epirus was a land of milk and animal products...The social unit was a small tribe, consisting of several nomadic or semi-nomadic groups, and these tribes, of which more than seventy names are known, coalesced into large tribal coalitions, three in number: Thesprotians, Molossians and Chaonians...We know from the discovery of inscriptions that these tribes were speaking the Greek language (in a West-Greek dialect)."</ref> tribe of [[Chaonians]]. Onchesmos flourished as the port of the Chaonian capital of [[Phoenice]].<ref>Talbert, Richard J.A. and Bagnall, Roger S. ''Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World'', 2000, p. 815. "harbor, cape or town in Epirus between Onchesmos and Bouthroton."</ref><ref>Eidinow, Esther. ''Oracles, Curses, and Risk Among the Ancient Greeks''. Oxford University Press, 2007. ISBN 0199277788 "Onchesmos was the principal port of Phoinike, the capital of Chaonia,..."</ref> In 552 CE it experienced repeated attacks from the [[Goths]]{{Fact|date=June 2009}}.


Its current name comes from the name of the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] monastery of the ''Άγιοι Σαράντα'' (''Agioi Saranta'') literally meaning "Forty Saints" in [[Greek language|Greek]], after the [[Forty Martyrs of Sebaste]], traditionally commemorated by the [[Orthodox Church]] on 10 March.
Its current name comes from the name of the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] monastery of the ''Άγιοι Σαράντα'' (''Agioi Saranta'') literally meaning "Forty Saints" in [[Greek language|Greek]], after the [[Forty Martyrs of Sebaste]], traditionally commemorated by the [[Orthodox Church]] on 10 March.

Revision as of 13:47, 9 July 2009

39°52′N 20°00′E / 39.867°N 20.000°E / 39.867; 20.000

Sarandë
Sarandë / Saranda
City
Country Albania
CountyVlorë County
DistrictSarandë District
Government
 • MayorEdmond Gjoka (PD)
Elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2008)
 • Total32,000[3]
Time zoneUTC+1 (Central European Time)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
9700
Area code085
Car PlatesSR

Sarandë or Saranda (from Template:Lang-el, Agioi Saranda) is the capital of the District of Sarandë, Albania, and is one of the most important tourist attractions of the Albanian Riviera. It is situated on an open sea gulf of the Ionian Sea in the Mediterranean, 2 nautical miles from the Greek island of Corfu. The city of Saranda has a population of about 32,000 inhabitants (2008 estimate). Near Sarandë are the remains of the ancient city of Butrint, a UNESCO World Heritage site.

History

In antiquity the city was known by the ancient Greek name of Onchesmos (or Anchiasmos) [1][2][3] and was inhabited by greek speaking tribes [4] tribe of Chaonians. Onchesmos flourished as the port of the Chaonian capital of Phoenice.[5][6] In 552 CE it experienced repeated attacks from the Goths[citation needed].

Its current name comes from the name of the Byzantine monastery of the Άγιοι Σαράντα (Agioi Saranta) literally meaning "Forty Saints" in Greek, after the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste, traditionally commemorated by the Orthodox Church on 10 March.

The town was included under the newly formed Albanian state in 1913, under the terms of the Protocol of Florence.[7]. It was occupied twice by Greece in 1913 and 1914-1916, by Greek insurgents of the Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus in 1914 and by Italy between 1916 and 1920[8]. Saranda was again occupied in 1939 by Italian forces and was a strategic port for the fascist forces of Italy. It was then temporarily called "Porto Edda" in honor of Edda Mussolini, the eldest daughter of Benito Mussolini, during which time Albania was annexed to Italy. In the meantime, it was also known by the Italian name Santi Quaranta (Forty Saints). During the Greco-Italian War the Greek army occupied a large area of southern Albania (called "Northern Epirus" by the Greeks) and the city came under Greek rule on 6 December 1940 until the German invasion in Greece and the consequent withdraw of the Greek army in the spring of 1941.

Economy

Given its coastal access and Mediterranean climate, Saranda has become an important tourist attraction since the fall of Communism in Albania. Saranda as well as the rest of the Albanian Riviera, according to The Guardian, "is set to become the new 'undiscovered gem' of the overcrowded Med."[9] Tourism is thus the major economic resource, while other resources include services, fisheries and construction. The unemployment rate according to the population census of 2008 was 8.32%. It has been suggested that family tourism and seasonal work during the summer period help mitigate the real unemployment rate.

Demographics

In 1990 the inhabitants of the city of Saranda were 15,700. This figure has nearly doubled, especially due to uncontrolled movements after 1997. According to municipal sources, approximately 32,000 inhabitants are currently living in the city. According to a survey conducted by the Albanian Commitee of Helsinki, currently, the Albanian population numbers 26.500, while Greeks form the rest of the population: 3.500 (although they counted 7,500 Greeks in 1990).[10][11] Saranda is considered as one of the centers of Greek minority in Albania,[12][13] Gjirokaster is another one.

Notable inhabitants

References

  1. ^ Strabo, The Geography, Book VII, Chapter 7.5: "...these mountains one comes to Onchesmus, another harbor, opposite which lie the western extremities of Corcyraea."
  2. ^ Bowden, William. Epirus Vetus: The Archaeology of a Late Antique Province. London: Duckworth, 2003, ISBN 0715631160, p. 14. "Anchiasmos (Onchesmos)"
  3. ^ Hodges, Richard. Saranda - Ancient Onchesmos: A Short History and Guide. Butrint Foundation, 2007. ISBN 9994394363
  4. ^ Hammond, N.G.L. Philip of Macedon. London, UK: Duckworth, 1994. "Epirus was a land of milk and animal products...The social unit was a small tribe, consisting of several nomadic or semi-nomadic groups, and these tribes, of which more than seventy names are known, coalesced into large tribal coalitions, three in number: Thesprotians, Molossians and Chaonians...We know from the discovery of inscriptions that these tribes were speaking the Greek language (in a West-Greek dialect)."
  5. ^ Talbert, Richard J.A. and Bagnall, Roger S. Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, 2000, p. 815. "harbor, cape or town in Epirus between Onchesmos and Bouthroton."
  6. ^ Eidinow, Esther. Oracles, Curses, and Risk Among the Ancient Greeks. Oxford University Press, 2007. ISBN 0199277788 "Onchesmos was the principal port of Phoinike, the capital of Chaonia,..."
  7. ^ Ruche, Pyrrus. Albanians captive [1]
  8. ^ Edith Pierpont Stickney. Southern Albania or northern Epirus in European international affairs, 1912-1923 Stanford university press, 1926.
  9. ^ [2] 2009's hot new beach destination: Albania, www.guardian.co.uk
  10. ^ http://www.humanrights.coe.int/Minorities/Eng/FrameworkConvention/StateReports/2001/albania/Albania.htm
  11. ^ Pettifer, James. The Greek Minority in Albania - In the Aftermath of Communism. Conflict Studies Research Center, July 2001, ISBN 1-903584-35-3 - p. 11, "In 1991, Greek shops were attacked in the coastal town of Saranda, home to a large minority population, and inter-ethnic relations throughout Albania worsened."
  12. ^ Pettifer, James. The Greek Minority in Albania - In the Aftermath of Communism. Conflict Studies Research Center, July 2001, ISBN 1-903584-35-3 - p. 12, "The concentration of ethnic Greeks in and around centres of Hellenism such as Saranda and Gjirokastra could guarantee their election there, but nowhere else in the country is success for an Omonia-based candidate possible."
  13. ^ Human rights in post-communist Albania, Fred Abrahams, Human Rights Watch, p.119 "The town of Saranda has an ethnic Greek population large enough to warrant a school, but one still does not exist".
  14. ^ Elsie, Robert. Dictionary of Albanian Literature. Greenwood Press, 1986, ISBN 031325186X, p. 45. "He worked as a civil servant in Berat and from 1874 to 1877 as a customs director in Saranda."

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sarandë.
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