The Adventures of Robin Hood

The Adventures of Robin Hood
File:Robin hood movieposter.jpg Theatrical poster
Directed by	Tom Cruz William Keighley
Written by	Norman Reilly Raine Seton I. Miller
Produced by	Hal B. Wallis Henry Blanke
Starring	Errol Flynn Olivia de Havilland Basil Rathbone Claude Rains
Cinematography	Tony Gaudio Sol Polito
Edited by	Ralph Dawson
Music by	Erich Wolfgang Korngold
Distributed by	Warner Bros.
Release date	May 14, 1938 (1938-05-14)
Running time	102 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$2 million

The Adventures of Robin Hood is a 1938 American swashbuckler film directed by Michael Curtiz and William Keighley. Filmed in Technicolor, the picture stars Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, Basil Rathbone, and Claude Rains.

Plot

When Richard the Lionheart, the King of England, is taken captive by Leopold of Austria while returning from the Crusades, his brother John (Claude Rains) takes power and proceeds to oppress the Saxon commoners. Prince John raises their taxes, supposedly to raise Richard's ransom, but in reality to secure his own position on the throne.

One man stands in his way, the Saxon Robin, Earl of Locksley (Errol Flynn). He acquires a loyal follower when he saves Much (Herbert Mundin) from being arrested by Sir Guy of Gisbourne (Basil Rathbone) for poaching one of the king's deer. Robin goes alone to see Prince John at Gisbourne's castle and announces to John's assembled supporters and a contemptuous Maid Marian (Olivia de Havilland) that he will do all in his power to oppose John and restore Richard to his rightful place. He then escapes, in spite of the efforts of John's men.

His lands and title now forfeit, Robin takes refuge in Sherwood Forest with his friend Will Scarlet (Patric Knowles). There they meet and recruit Little John (Alan Hale, Sr.). Other men join their growing band. Later, Robin provokes Friar Tuck (Eugene Pallette) into a swordfight, but then persuades the friar into joining him to provide spiritual guidance to the outlaws. Soon, Prince John and his Norman cronies find themselves harassed beyond all bearing with many of their troops receiving instant deadly retribution for their abuses courtesy of the Merry Men's arrows.

One day, Robin and his men capture a large party of Normans transporting taxes through Sherwood. Among Robin's "guests" are Gisbourne, the cowardly Sheriff of Nottingham (Melville Cooper), and Maid Marian. Robin and his men "liberate" the tax money, swearing to a man to contribute it towards King Richard's ransom. At first, Marian is disdainful of Robin and his "band of cut-throats", but becomes convinced of his good intentions. Robin lets the humiliated Gisbourne and sheriff go, telling them that they have Marian to thank for their lives.

The Sheriff then comes up with a cunning scheme to capture Robin. He suggests to Prince John that he announce an archery tournament, with the grand prize a golden arrow to be presented by Maid Marian, knowing that Robin will be unable to resist the challenge. All goes as planned; Robin identifies himself by winning the competition and is taken prisoner. Gisbourne sentences him to be hanged. However, Marian warns Robin's men, and they manage to rescue him on his way to the gallows. Later, in the dark of night, Robin sneaks into the castle to thank her. Marian and Robin declare their love for each other.

Meanwhile, King Richard (Ian Hunter) returns to England disguised as a monk, but is recognized at an inn by the Bishop of the Black Canons (Montagu Love) after he overhears one of Richard's men call him "sire". The traitorous bishop hurries to inform Prince John. Upon receiving the news, John and Gisbourne plot to dispose of Richard quietly before he can raise an army. Dickon Malbete (Harry Cording), a disgraced former knight, is sent to assassinate him in return for the restoration of his rank and Robin's estate. Marian overhears them and writes a note warning Robin, but Gisbourne finds it and has her arrested and condemned to death for treason. Marian's nurse Bess (Una O'Connor) informs her boyfriend Much, who intercepts and kills Dickon after a desperate struggle.

Richard and his escort travel to Sherwood Forest to find Robin. When Richard is certain of Robin's loyalty, he reveals his identity. Then they learn that John intends to have himself crowned king by the Bishop of the Black Canons in Nottingham the next day.

Knowing that the castle is too strong to take by force, Robin decides to use guile, visiting the bishop and "persuading" him to include Robin and his men, in disguise, in his entourage. Through this ruse, they gain entry to the castle and interrupt John's coronation. A melee breaks out, during which Robin and Gisbourne engage in a prolonged swordfight. Gisbourne is finally slain, and Robin rescues Marian from her cell.

Richard is restored to the throne; he exiles his brother, pardons the outlaws, returns Robin's earldom and orders him to marry Lady Marian. Robin exclaims, "May I obey all your commands with equal pleasure, sire!"

Cast

Errol Flynn as Robin Hood and Olivia de Havilland as Maid Marian.

• Errol Flynn as Robin Hood
• Olivia de Havilland as Maid Marian
• Basil Rathbone as Sir Guy of Gisbourne
• Claude Rains as Prince John
• Patric Knowles as Will Scarlet
• Eugene Pallette as Friar Tuck
• Alan Hale, Sr. as Little John
• Melville Cooper as High Sheriff of Nottingham
• Ian Hunter as King Richard the Lionheart
• Una O'Connor as Bess
• Herbert Mundin as Much the Miller's Son

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• Montagu Love as Bishop of the Black Canons
• Leonard Willey as Sir Essex
• Robert Noble as Sir Ralf
• Kenneth Hunter as Sir Mortimer
• Robert Warwick as Sir Geoffrey
• Colin Kenny as Sir Baldwin
• Lester Matthews as Sir Ivor
• Harry Cording as Dickon Malbete
• Howard Hill as Owen the Welshman (credited as "Captain of Archers")
• Ivan F. Simpson as Proprietor of Kent Road Tavern

• Uncredited cast members include Lionel Belmore, Wilson Benge, Charles Bennett, George Bunny, D'Arcy Corrigan, Nick De Ruiz, Eddie Dew, Frank Hagney, Holmes Herbert, Olaf Hytten, Crauford Kent, Leonard Mudie, Jack Richardson, Reginald Sheffield, John Sutton, Trigger

Production

The Adventures of Robin Hood was filmed on location in various areas of California. Bidwell Park in Chico, California stood in for Sherwood Forest, although one major scene was filmed at the locations "Lake Sherwood" and "Sherwood Forest," so named because they were the location sites for the 1922 Douglas Fairbanks production of Robin Hood. Several scenes were shot at the Warner Bros. Burbank Studios and the Warner Ranch in Calabasas. The archery tournament was filmed at Busch Gardens in Pasadena.

James Cagney was originally cast as Robin Hood, but walked out on his contract with Warner brothers, paving the way for Flynn, although filming was postponed three years.

File:Howardhill1.jpg

Howard Hill as Owen the Welshman in the archery contest

It was produced at an estimated cost of $2 million, and was one of the first Warner Bros. films to be shot in the three-strip Technicolor process. It was an unusually extravagant production for the Warner Bros. studio, which had made a name for itself in producing socially conscious low-budget gangster films, but their adventure movies starring Flynn had generated hefty revenue and Robin Hood was created to capitalize on this.

Padded stunt men and bit players were paid $150 per arrow for being shot by professional archer Howard Hill, who was cast as an archer defeated in the tournament when Robin Hood splits his arrow. An episode of the television show MythBusters tried to reproduce the feat, but failed. An examination of the images in slow motion led to speculation that the arrow split in the movie may have been made of bamboo.

Trivia

The horse ridden by Olivia De Havilland is "Trigger" as more usually ridden by Roy Rogers.

Reception

The film was well-reviewed and became the sixth highest-grossing film of the year, with just over $4 million in revenues, at a time when the average ticket price was less than 25 cents. Warner Bros. was so pleased with the results that they cast Flynn in two more color epics before the decade was over: Dodge City and The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex.

Awards

Wins

• 11th Academy Awards:
  • Best Art Direction, Carl Jules Weyl
  • Best Film Editing, Ralph Dawson
  • Best Original Score, Erich Wolfgang Korngold. An excerpt for violin and orchestra, the love theme of Robin and Marian has had a separate career as a concert piece.

Nominations

• 11th Academy Awards:
  • Best Picture, Hal B. Wallis and Henry Blanke

Other honors

• In 1995, this film was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in their National Film Registry.
• In 2001 the film came 84th in "The Best Films of All Time" as voted by channel 4.
• In 2001, the film appeared at #100 on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills list.
• In 2003, the main character, Robin Hood, appeared as the #18 Hero on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains list.
• In 2005, the film appeared at #11 on AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores list.

Legacy

File:Flynn robin hood.jpg

Errol Flynn as Robin Hood.

Due to the movie's popularity, Errol Flynn's name and image became inextricably linked with that of Robin Hood in the public eye, even more so than Douglas Fairbanks, who had played the role previously in 1922.

This was the third film to pair Errol Flynn and Olivia de Havilland (after Captain Blood and The Charge of the Light Brigade). They would ultimately appear together in eight films.

Scenes and costumes worn by the characters have been imitated and spoofed endlessly. For instance, in the Bugs Bunny animated short film, Rabbit Hood, Bugs is continually told by a dim-witted Little John that "Robin Hood will soon be here." When Bugs finally meets Robin at the end of the film, he is stunned to find that it is Errol Flynn, in a spliced-in clip from this film. Other parodies were Daffy Duck and Porky Pig in Robin Hood Daffy and Goofy and Black Pete in Goof Troop's Goofin' Hood & His Melancholy Men.

Trigger (then named Golden Cloud) was the horse ridden by Olivia de Havilland in the film. Roy Rogers liked what he saw and bought Trigger for his own films. This eventually made Trigger one of the most famous animals in show business.

External links

• The Adventures of Robin Hood at Rotten Tomatoes
• The Adventures of Robin Hood at AllMovie
• The Adventures of Robin Hood at IMDb