Climate of Romania: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 20:27, 6 September 2010
| Geography of Romania |
| Topography |
| Hydrography |
| Climate |
Because of its position on the southeastern portion of the European continent, Romania has a climate which ranges from temperate to continental. Climatic conditions are somewhat modified by the country's varied topography. The Carpathians serve as a barrier to Atlantic air masses, limiting their oceanic influences to the west and center of the country (Transilvania, Banat and Maramureş), which have milder winters and heavier rainfalls as a result. The mountains also block the continental influences of the vast plain to the north in the Ukraine, which results in frosty winters and less rain to the south and southeast. In the extreme southeast, Black Sea influences offer a milder, maritime climate. The average annual temperature is 11 °C (51.8 °F) in the south and middle-south and 8 °C (46.4 °F) in northeast. In Bucharest, the temperature ranges from average low −5 °C (23 °F) in January to average high 29 °C (84.2 °F) in July and August, with average temperatures of −3 °C (26.6 °F) in January and 23 °C (73.4 °F) in July and August. Rainfall, although adequate throughout the country, decreases from west to east and from mountains to plains. Some mountainous areas receive more than 1,010 mm (39.8 in) of precipitation each year. Annual precipitation averages about 635 mm (25 in) in central Transylvania, 521 mm (20.5 in) at Iaşi in Moldavia, and only 381 mm (15 in) at Constanţa on the Black Sea.
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Owing to its distance from the open sea, Romania has a continental climate. Summers are generally very warm to hot, with average maxima in Bucharest being around 29 °C (84.2 °F), with temperatures over 35 °C (95 °F) not unknown in the lower-lying areas of the country. Minima in Bucharest and other lower-lying areas are around 18 °C (64.4 °F), but at higher altitudes both maxima and minima decline considerably.
Winters are quite cold, with average highs even in lower-lying areas being no more than 3 °C (37.4 °F) and below −15 °C (5 °F) in the highest mountains, where some areas of permafrost occur on the highest peaks.
Precipitation is generally modest, averaging over 750 mm (29.5 in) only on the highest western mountains - much of it falling as snow which allows for an extensive skiing industry. In the delta of the Danube, rainfall is very low, averaging only around 370 mm (14.6 in) per year, whilst in the more westerly lowland like Bucharest it is around 530 mm (20.9 in).
Records
The absolute minimum temperature was −38.5 °C (−37.3 °F), registered near Braşov in 1942. The absolute maximum temperature was 44.5 °C (112.1 °F), recorded at Ion Sion, Brăila County in 1951.
Averages and records by city
| Climate data for Bucharest | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16 (61) |
20 (68) |
29 (84) |
32 (90) |
37 (99) |
37 (99) |
39 (102) |
41 (106) |
39 (102) |
35 (95) |
24 (75) |
18 (64) |
41 (106) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.5 (34.7) |
4.1 (39.4) |
10.5 (50.9) |
18 (64) |
23.3 (73.9) |
26.8 (80.2) |
28.8 (83.8) |
28.5 (83.3) |
24.6 (76.3) |
18 (64) |
10 (50) |
3.8 (38.8) |
16.5 (61.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.5 (22.1) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
0.3 (32.5) |
5.6 (42.1) |
10.5 (50.9) |
14 (57) |
15.6 (60.1) |
15 (59) |
11.1 (52.0) |
5.7 (42.3) |
1.6 (34.9) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
5.7 (42.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −32 (−26) |
−26 (−15) |
−19 (−2) |
−4 (25) |
0 (32) |
5 (41) |
8 (46) |
7 (45) |
0 (32) |
−6 (21) |
−14 (7) |
−23 (−9) |
−32 (−26) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 40 (1.6) |
36 (1.4) |
38 (1.5) |
46 (1.8) |
70 (2.8) |
77 (3.0) |
64 (2.5) |
58 (2.3) |
42 (1.7) |
32 (1.3) |
49 (1.9) |
43 (1.7) |
595 (23.4) |
| Average precipitation days | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 72 |
| Average snowy days | 6 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 19 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 87 | 84 | 73 | 63 | 63 | 62 | 58 | 59 | 63 | 73 | 85 | 89 | 72 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 61 | 85 | 155 | 180 | 248 | 270 | 341 | 310 | 240 | 155 | 60 | 62 | 2,167 |
| Source: World Meteorological Organisation [1] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Timisoara,Romania | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.4 (63.3) |
20.5 (68.9) |
28.2 (82.8) |
32.0 (89.6) |
34.5 (94.1) |
38.4 (101.1) |
39.6 (103.3) |
41.0 (105.8) |
39.7 (103.5) |
33.8 (92.8) |
27.1 (80.8) |
20.2 (68.4) |
41.0 (105.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2 (36) |
5 (41) |
11 (52) |
18 (64) |
23 (73) |
26 (79) |
28 (82) |
28 (82) |
25 (77) |
18 (64) |
11 (52) |
4 (39) |
17 (63) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1 (30) |
1 (34) |
5 (41) |
11 (52) |
16 (61) |
19 (66) |
21 (70) |
21 (70) |
18 (64) |
12 (54) |
6 (43) |
1 (34) |
11 (52) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5 (23) |
−3 (27) |
0 (32) |
5 (41) |
10 (50) |
13 (55) |
15 (59) |
14 (57) |
11 (52) |
6 (43) |
2 (36) |
−1 (30) |
5 (41) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −35.3 (−31.5) |
−29.2 (−20.6) |
−20.0 (−4.0) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
2.2 (36.0) |
5.9 (42.6) |
5.0 (41.0) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−15.4 (4.3) |
−24.8 (−12.6) |
−35.3 (−31.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 47 (1.9) |
44 (1.7) |
46 (1.8) |
56 (2.2) |
71 (2.8) |
91 (3.6) |
67 (2.6) |
53 (2.1) |
51 (2.0) |
46 (1.8) |
57 (2.2) |
59 (2.3) |
688 (27.1) |
| Average precipitation days | 12 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 12 | 15 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 145 |
| Average rainy days | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 14 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 90 |
| Average snowy days | 10 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 33 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 91 | 87 | 81 | 80 | 77 | 79 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 85 | 92 | 89 | 82 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 62 | 85 | 155 | 180 | 210 | 240 | 280 | 279 | 210 | 155 | 85 | 60 | 2,001 |
| [citation needed] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Cluj-Napoca | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −1 (30) |
1 (34) |
8 (46) |
13 (55) |
18 (64) |
21 (70) |
23 (73) |
23 (73) |
20 (68) |
13 (55) |
5 (41) |
1 (34) |
12 (54) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6 (21) |
−5 (23) |
0 (32) |
4 (39) |
8 (46) |
11 (52) |
13 (55) |
12 (54) |
9 (48) |
4 (39) |
0 (32) |
−3 (27) |
4 (39) |
| Average precipitation cm (inches) | 2 (0.8) |
2 (0.8) |
2 (0.8) |
4 (1.6) |
7 (2.8) |
8 (3.1) |
8 (3.1) |
7 (2.8) |
4 (1.6) |
4 (1.6) |
3 (1.2) |
2 (0.8) |
59 (23) |
| Source: weatherbase.com[2] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Iaşi, Romania | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −1 (31) |
2 (35) |
8 (46) |
16 (61) |
22 (72) |
25 (77) |
27 (80) |
26 (79) |
22 (72) |
16 (61) |
8 (47) |
2 (36) |
14 (58) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −4 (25) |
−2 (29) |
3 (37) |
11 (51) |
16 (61) |
19 (67) |
21 (69) |
20 (68) |
16 (61) |
10 (50) |
4 (40) |
−1 (31) |
9 (49) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7 (19) |
−5 (23) |
−1 (30) |
5 (41) |
10 (50) |
13 (56) |
15 (59) |
14 (57) |
11 (51) |
5 (41) |
1 (34) |
−4 (25) |
4.7 (40.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 33 (1.30) |
30 (1.20) |
30 (1.20) |
53 (2.10) |
64 (2.50) |
102 (4.00) |
84 (3.30) |
56 (2.20) |
48 (1.90) |
25 (1.00) |
36 (1.40) |
30 (1.20) |
592 (23.30) |
| Source: Weather.com [3] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Constanta | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3 (37) |
3 (37) |
7 (45) |
12 (54) |
18 (64) |
23 (73) |
25 (77) |
25 (77) |
21 (70) |
16 (61) |
10 (50) |
5 (41) |
14 (57) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1 (30) |
−1 (30) |
2 (36) |
6 (43) |
12 (54) |
16 (61) |
18 (64) |
18 (64) |
15 (59) |
10 (50) |
3 (37) |
1 (34) |
8 (46) |
| Source: weatherbase.com[2] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Ploieşti | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1 (34) |
4 (39) |
10 (50) |
18 (64) |
23 (73) |
27 (81) |
28 (82) |
28 (82) |
24 (75) |
18 (64) |
10 (50) |
3 (37) |
16.2 (61.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6 (21) |
−3 (27) |
0 (32) |
6 (43) |
10 (50) |
14 (57) |
16 (61) |
15 (59) |
11 (52) |
6 (43) |
1 (34) |
−3 (27) |
5.6 (42.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 40.6 (1.60) |
35.6 (1.40) |
38.1 (1.50) |
45.7 (1.80) |
71.1 (2.80) |
76.2 (3.00) |
63.5 (2.50) |
58.4 (2.30) |
43.2 (1.70) |
33 (1.3) |
48.3 (1.90) |
43.2 (1.70) |
596.9 (23.50) |
| Source: Weather Channel | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Oradea | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.4 (34.5) |
4.7 (40.5) |
10.7 (51.3) |
16.9 (62.4) |
22.1 (71.8) |
24.9 (76.8) |
27.1 (80.8) |
26.8 (80.2) |
23.0 (73.4) |
17.1 (62.8) |
9.3 (48.7) |
3.4 (38.1) |
15.6 (60.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.2 (22.6) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
1.0 (33.8) |
5.5 (41.9) |
10.1 (50.2) |
12.9 (55.2) |
14.2 (57.6) |
13.9 (57.0) |
10.8 (51.4) |
5.9 (42.6) |
1.9 (35.4) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
5.5 (41.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 39.5 (1.56) |
30.3 (1.19) |
36.5 (1.44) |
44.9 (1.77) |
63.4 (2.50) |
90.5 (3.56) |
69.1 (2.72) |
55.2 (2.17) |
39.9 (1.57) |
37.9 (1.49) |
46.6 (1.83) |
49.4 (1.94) |
603.2 (23.74) |
| Source: Administrația Natională de Meteorologie[4] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Satu Mare | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1 (34) |
3 (37) |
10 (50) |
15 (59) |
20 (68) |
22 (72) |
25 (77) |
25 (77) |
21 (70) |
15 (59) |
7 (45) |
2 (36) |
13 (55) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5 (23) |
−3 (27) |
1 (34) |
5 (41) |
9 (48) |
12 (54) |
13 (55) |
13 (55) |
10 (50) |
5 (41) |
0 (32) |
−2 (28) |
5 (41) |
| Average precipitation cm (inches) | 2 (0.8) |
2 (0.8) |
2 (0.8) |
4 (1.6) |
7 (2.8) |
8 (3.1) |
8 (3.1) |
7 (2.8) |
4 (1.6) |
4 (1.6) |
3 (1.2) |
2 (0.8) |
59 (23) |
| Source: weatherbase.com[2] | |||||||||||||
See also
References
- ^ "World Weather Information Service - Bucharest".
- ^ a b c "Weatherbase data for Cluj-Napoca". Retrieved 2008-03-16. Cite error: The named reference "weatherbase" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ "Monthly Averages for Iaşi, Romania". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 2010-01-22.
- ^ "Medii lunare multianuale 1961–1990" (in Romanian). Administrația Natională de Meteorologie (Romanian National Administration of Meteorology). Retrieved 2010-07-15.
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