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'''''Grease''''' is a 1971 [[musical theatre|musical]] by [[Jim Jacobs]] and [[Warren Casey]]. The [[musical theatre|musical]] is named for the 1950s United States [[working class|working-class]] [[youth subculture]] known as the [[greaser (subculture)|greasers]]. The musical, set in 1959 at fictional Rydell High School (loosely based on [[William Howard Taft High School (Chicago)|William Howard Taft School]]), follows ten working-class teenagers as they navigate the complexities of love, cars, and drive-ins. The score attempts to recreate the sounds of early rock and roll. In its record-breaking original Broadway production, ''Grease'' was a raunchy, raw, aggressive, vulgar show that since has been sanitized and tamed down by subsequent productions.<ref name="Grease Essay">{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Scott|title=Inside Grease|publisher=New Line Theatre|date=2007-03 30|url=http://www.newlinetheatre.com/greasechapter.html|accessdate=2008-07-10}}</ref> The show tackles such social issues as [[teenage pregnancy]] and [[gang violence]]; its themes include [[love]], [[friendship]], [[Juvenile delinquency|teenage rebellion]], sexual exploration during [[adolescence]], and, to some extent, [[class consciousness]]/[[class conflict]].
'''''Grease''''' is a crappy 1971 [[musical theatre|musical]] by [[Jim Jacobs]] and [[Warren Casey]]. The [[musical theatre|musical]] is named for the 1950s United States [[working class|working-class]] [[youth subculture]] known as the [[greaser (subculture)|greasers]]. The musical, set in 1959 at fictional Rydell High School (loosely based on [[William Howard Taft High School (Chicago)|William Howard Taft School]]), follows ten working-class teenagers as they navigate the complexities of love, cars, and drive-ins. The score attempts to recreate the sounds of early rock and roll. In its record-breaking original Broadway production, ''Grease'' was a raunchy, raw, aggressive, vulgar show that since has been sanitized and tamed down by subsequent productions.<ref name="Grease Essay">{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Scott|title=Inside Grease|publisher=New Line Theatre|date=2007-03 30|url=http://www.newlinetheatre.com/greasechapter.html|accessdate=2008-07-10}}</ref> The show tackles such social issues as [[teenage pregnancy]] and [[gang violence]]; its themes include [[love]], [[friendship]], [[Juvenile delinquency|teenage rebellion]], sexual exploration during [[adolescence]], and, to some extent, [[class consciousness]]/[[class conflict]].


''Grease'' first was performed in 1971 in the original Kingston Mines Theatre in Chicago, located in an old trolley barn (now the site of a hospital parking garage). From there, it has been successful on both stage and screen, but the content has changed drastically and its teenage characters have become less Chicago habitués and more generic. At the time that it closed in 1980, ''Grease''<nowiki/>'s 3,388-performance run was the longest yet in Broadway history, although surpassed by ''[[A Chorus Line]]'' a few years later. It went on to become a [[West End theatre|West End]] hit, a [[Grease (film)|hugely successful film]], two popular [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] revivals in 1994 and 2007, and a staple of [[Regional theatre in the United States|regional theatre]], [[summer stock]], [[community theatre]], and high school and middle school drama groups.<ref>''[[Time (magazine)|TIME magazine]]'' reported in its May 26, 2008 issue, p. 51, that this musical ranked as the sixth most frequently produced musical by United States high schools in 2007.</ref> It remains Broadway's [[List of the longest-running Broadway shows|thirteenth longest-running show]].
''Grease'' first was performed in 1971 in the original Kingston Mines Theatre in Chicago, located in an old trolley barn (now the site of a hospital parking garage). From there, it has been successful on both stage and screen, but the content has changed drastically and its teenage characters have become less Chicago habitués and more generic. At the time that it closed in 1980, ''Grease''<nowiki/>'s 3,388-performance run was the longest yet in Broadway history, although surpassed by ''[[A Chorus Line]]'' a few years later. It went on to become a [[West End theatre|West End]] hit, a [[Grease (film)|hugely successful film]], two popular [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] revivals in 1994 and 2007, and a staple of [[Regional theatre in the United States|regional theatre]], [[summer stock]], [[community theatre]], and high school and middle school drama groups.<ref>''[[Time (magazine)|TIME magazine]]'' reported in its May 26, 2008 issue, p. 51, that this musical ranked as the sixth most frequently produced musical by United States high schools in 2007.</ref> It remains Broadway's [[List of the longest-running Broadway shows|thirteenth longest-running show]].

Revision as of 15:06, 9 December 2010

Greeese
Original Broadway Cast Recording
MusicJim Jacobs
Warren Casey
LyricsJim Jacobs
Warren Casey
BookJim Jacobs
Warren Casey
Productions1971 Chicago
1972 Broadway
1973 West End
1978 Film
1979 West End revival
1993 West End revival
1994 Broadway revival
1994 U.S. national tour
2001 West End revival
International productions
2007 West End revival
2007 Broadway revival
2008 U.S. national tour
2010 - 2011 U.S. Non Equity National Tour

Grease is a crappy 1971 musical by Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey. The musical is named for the 1950s United States working-class youth subculture known as the greasers. The musical, set in 1959 at fictional Rydell High School (loosely based on William Howard Taft School), follows ten working-class teenagers as they navigate the complexities of love, cars, and drive-ins. The score attempts to recreate the sounds of early rock and roll. In its record-breaking original Broadway production, Grease was a raunchy, raw, aggressive, vulgar show that since has been sanitized and tamed down by subsequent productions.[1] The show tackles such social issues as teenage pregnancy and gang violence; its themes include love, friendship, teenage rebellion, sexual exploration during adolescence, and, to some extent, class consciousness/class conflict.

Grease first was performed in 1971 in the original Kingston Mines Theatre in Chicago, located in an old trolley barn (now the site of a hospital parking garage). From there, it has been successful on both stage and screen, but the content has changed drastically and its teenage characters have become less Chicago habitués and more generic. At the time that it closed in 1980, Grease's 3,388-performance run was the longest yet in Broadway history, although surpassed by A Chorus Line a few years later. It went on to become a West End hit, a hugely successful film, two popular Broadway revivals in 1994 and 2007, and a staple of regional theatre, summer stock, community theatre, and high school and middle school drama groups.[2] It remains Broadway's thirteenth longest-running show.

Production history

Original productions and Broadway

The show's original, grittier 1971 incarnation has been described as either a musical from the start[3] or a play with incidental music.[4] In either case, it was first staged under the name Grease Lightning at the original location of the Kingston Mines in the Lincoln Park neighborhood of Chicago. The script was based on Jim Jacobs' experience at Peoria's Bradley University (Peoria).

Producers Ken Waissman and Maxine Fox saw the show and suggested to the playwrights that it might work better as a musical, and told them if the creative partners were willing to rework it and they liked the end result, they would produce it off-Broadway. The team headed to New York City to collaborate on what would become Grease. The new production, directed by Tom Moore and choreographed by Patricia Birch (who later directed the ill-fated sequel of the film adaptation of Grease), opened off-Broadway at the Eden Theatre in downtown Manhattan on February 14, 1972. The Best Plays of 1971-72 notes "Though Grease opened geographically off Broadway, it did so under first class Broadway contracts."[citation needed] The show was deemed eligible for the 1972 Tony Awards, receiving seven Tony Award nominations.

On June 7, 1972, the production moved to Broadway and the Broadhurst Theatre, and on November 21, it moved to the Royale Theatre, where it ran until January 27, 1980. For the five final weeks of the run, the show moved to the larger Majestic Theatre. By the time it closed on April 13, 1980, it had run 3,388-performances.

The original cast included Barry Bostwick as Danny and Carole Demas as Sandy, with Adrienne Barbeau, Timothy Meyers, Alan Paul, and Walter Bobbie in supporting roles. Replacements later in the run included Jeff Conaway, Marilu Henner, Peter Gallagher, Ilene Graff, Judy Kaye, Patrick Swayze, John Travolta, Jerry Zaks, and Treat Williams. Richard Gere was an understudy for many roles in this production, including Danny Zuko, Teen Angel, and Vince Fontaine.

1973 London

The London production opened at the New London Theatre in June 1973 with a cast that included a then-unknown Richard Gere as Danny, Stacey Gregg as Sandy, Jacqui-Ann Carr as Rizzo, Derek James as Doody, and Stephen Bent as Roger.[5][6] Later Paul Nicholas and Elaine Paige, who had been in the London production of Hair, took over the leads. Kim Braden would also be Sandy. It was revived in London at the Astoria in 1979 with Su Pollard and Tracey Ullman.

1993 London revival

The Revival opened at the Dominion Theatre and transferred to the Cambridge Theatre in October 1996, where it ran until September 11, 1999. Directed by David Gilmore, the opening cast included Craig McLachlan (Danny), Debbie Gibson (Sandy) (Sonia and Samantha Janus also both played Sandy during the revival), Mike Doyle (Vince Fontaine), Shane Ritchie (Kenickie) and Sally Ann Triplett (Rizzo). (Variety, Review Abroad Grease, 8/2/93-8/8/93) Other performers who played Danny were Luke Goss, Ian Kelsey and Darren Day.

1994 Broadway revival and U.S. tour

After twenty previews, a Broadway revival directed and choreographed by Jeff Calhoun opened on May 11, 1994 at the Eugene O'Neill Theatre, where it ran for 1,505 performances. Featured were Ricky Paull Goldin (Danny), Brooke Shields and Rosie O'Donnell (Rizzo), Susan Wood (Sandy), Megan Mullally (Marty), Hunter Foster (Roger), and Billy Porter (Teen Angel).

A U.S. national tour of the 1994 production started in September 1994 in New Haven, Connecticut, and ran for several years. The opening tour cast included Sally Struthers (Miss Lynch), who stayed with the tour for several years, Angela Pupello (Rizzo), Rex Smith (Danny), Trisha M. Gorman (Sandy), and Davy Jones (Vince Fontaine). Brooke Shields (Rizzo) started on the tour in November 1994 before joining the Broadway cast. Other notable performers on the tour were Mickey Dolenz (Vince Fontaine), Adrian Zmed (Danny), Debbie Gibson, Heather Stokes, Mackenzie Phillips and Jasmine Guy (Rizzo), Sutton Foster (Sandy) and Marissa Jaret Winokur (Jan), and Lucy Lawless (Rizzo, 1997).[7]

2003 U.S tour

This tour was directed by Ray DeMattis and featured choreography by Christopher Gattelli. The cast starred Frankie Avalon as the Angel, with Jamey Isenor (Danny Zuko) and Hanna-Liina Vosa (Sandy Dumbrowski)Danny Smith (Sonny LaTierri), John Ashley (Kenickie), Sarah Hubbard (Frenchy), Craig McEldowney (Doody), Kirsten Allyn Michaels (Marty), Jaqueline Colmer (Betty Rizzo), Jason Harper (Roger), Kristen Bedard (Jan), and Arthur J. Callahan (Vince Fontaine).[8]

2007 Broadway and London revivals

A second Broadway revival, directed and choreographed by Kathleen Marshall, began previews at the Brooks Atkinson Theatre on July 24, 2007 and opened on August 19, 2007. Max Crumm and Laura Osnes were selected to portray Danny and Sandy via viewer votes cast during the run of the NBC reality series Grease: You're the One that I Want!. The original score includes four songs written for the film adaptation: "Hopelessly Devoted to You," "Sandy," "You're the One That I Want," and the title number. The Burger Palace Boys' name is the T-Birds in this revival. The production ended on January 4, 2009 after 31 previews and 554 performances.[9]

A West End revival opened at the Piccadilly Theatre, London on August 8, 2007; despite mixed reviews, the show is now in its fourth year and continues (as of July 26, 2010). It is currently the longest running show in the Piccadilly Theatre's history. The leads were similarly cast via ITV's Grease Is The Word, with Danny Bayne and Susan McFadden playing Danny and Sandy.[10][11] The production will close on April 30, 2011 after over 1,300 performances with a U.K. tour to begin on May 6, 2011 in Edinburgh.[12]

2008 U.S. tour

A U.S. national tour began on December 2, 2008 in Providence, Rhode Island and closed on May 23, 2010 at the Palace Theatre in Cleveland, Ohio.[13] Taylor Hicks reprised his role as the Teen Angel, with Eric Schneider as Danny and Emily Padgett as Sandy.[14] Lauren Ashley Zakrin replaced Emily Padgett as Sandy in October and Ace Young joined the tour as Danny on December 1, 2009.[15] In the U.S. Tour, before the show begins, the DJ of WAXX, Vince Fontaine, plays music from the 1950s for the audience to sing. Thereafter, he reminds about safety instructions before the show begins.

Planned Chicago revival

American Theater Company artistic director P.J. Paparelli and Grease co-creator Jim Jacobs have said that they plan to stage the restored original version of Grease on Chicago’s North Side in spring 2011, coinciding with the fortieth anniversary of the musical's début. This would be a revival of the original 1971 version first staged at the old Kingston Mines Theatre in Chicago.[16]

International productions

There have been professional productions of Grease in Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, Czech Republic, Colombia, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Israel, Italia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, South Korea, Spain and Sweden.

In 1984, the Mexican group Timbiriche, starred in the musical, with Sasha Sokol and Benny Ibarra in the leading roles, getting an overwhelming success. Also recorded a CD with musical themes. Also participating: Diego Schoening, Mariana Garza, Eduardo Capetillo, Alix Bauer Paulina Rubio, Alejandro Ibarra, Erik Rubin, Stephanie Salas, Thalia, Edith, Lolita Cortés, among others.

A Spanish revival ran successfully at Teatre Victòria, Barcelona from October 3, 2006 to January 6, 2008. After a short national tour, the production was transferred to Teatro Nuevo Alcalá, Madrid, where it ran from October 14, 2008 to January 31, 2010 and then continued touring Spain until its finally closing on August 1, 2010, becoming one of the Spain's longest running production in history with 1090 performances. Directed by Ricard Reguant, the original cast included Carlos Solano (later alternating the role with Tony Bernetti) as Danny Zuko, María Adamuz as Sandy (later Replaced by Edurne and Gisela), Elena Gadel as Betty Rizzo, Daniel Millet as Kenickie (later replaced by Marc Parejo), Marisa Gerardi as Miss Lynch and Xavier Mateu as Vince Fontaine/Teen Angel (later replaced by Victor Díaz).

The New Zealand Production, based on the London West End Revival, ran at the Civic Theatre in Auckland during August 2010. The production featured the South African cast, with Jonathan Roxmouth as Danny, Bethany Dickson as Sandy and Genna Galloway as Rizzo.[17][18]

Synopsis

Act I

In 1959, Rydell High School's rebellious, happy, thrill-loving students start a new year. The "greasers" are the Burger Palace Boys (in the revival, the T-Birds) and the Pink Ladies ("Alma Mater Parody"). In the revival, the play begins with the T-Birds and the Pink Ladies singing, "Grease (is the Word)". The start of the new school year means lousy food ("You want my coleslaw?") and dreaded teachers ("I got Old Lady Lynch for English again. She hates my guts."). The Pink Ladies sit on one side of the lunchroom, and the Burger Palace Boys sit on the other.

There is a new girl at school, Sandy Dumbrowski. She and the leader of the Burger Palace Boys, Danny Zuko, had a brief love affair the summer before, but the summer ended for them with unresolved feelings of love. In describing the fling to the Pink Ladies (Jan, Marty, Frenchy, and Betty Rizzo), Sandy focuses on the emotional attachment that she and Danny had, while Danny lies to the Boys (Roger, Doody, Sonny, and Kenickie) about the physical aspects of their relationship ("Summer Nights"). Sandy and Danny soon bump into each other at school, and while Sandy is happy to see Danny, he brushes her off, pretending to be too cool. Meanwhile, the teenagers gather in the hall as Doody, the youngest Burger Palace Boy, shows off his new guitar. The rock star wannabe gives an impromptu concert in the hall ("Those Magic Changes").

At Frenchy's pajama party, the girls experiment with wine, cigarettes, and pierced ears, and talk about boys. Marty tells about her long-distance courtship with a Marine ("Freddy, My Love"). Meanwhile, the Burger Palace Boys are busy stealing hubcaps and teasing Kenickie about his new (used) car ("Greased Lightning").

Danny sees Sandy again and tries to apologize for his behavior, but she is hurt to find out that he has told his friends that she is "easy." Head cheerleader Patty Simcox interrupts to prompt Sandy to join the squad and to tease Danny about his latest indiscretions ("Rydell Fight Song"). The kids take their newfangled portable radios for a rock and roll picnic in the park and plan how they will pair off at the upcoming school prom, while Roger shares his love for Jan and his favorite hobby ("Mooning"). Rizzo teases Danny for falling for a girl who resembles the excessively proper teenage ingénue, Sandra Dee ("Look at Me, I'm Sandra Dee"). Sandy realizes that Danny is putting her off to be cool and wishes she had never met him.

Then Danny suggests that Marty go out with Eugene, and she chases after him. The kids declare that they will "always be together" and they will always be friends ("We Go Together").

Act II

At the High School Hop, everyone is dancing, except Sandy ("Shakin' At the High School Hop"). She is home feeling sorry for herself ("It's Raining on Prom Night"). Meanwhile the favorite radio disc jockey of the Burger Palace Boys and the Pink Ladies, Vince Fontaine, is the MC at the dance, which takes place in the gymnasium. He is warming the kids up for the hand-jive dance contest. Kenickie dumps his blind date, Cha-Cha DiGregorio, and pairs off with Rizzo. Danny originally enters the contest with Rizzo, but she instead chooses to dance with Kenickie. Meanwhile, Kenickie pairs Danny up with Cha-Cha despite Danny's protest. He and Cha-Cha then proceed to win the dance contest ("Born to Hand Jive"). In the revival, Sandy hears the news that Danny and Cha-Cha got up close and won. She feels betrayed but she cannot stop thinking about Danny ("Hopelessly Devoted to You").

A few days later at the Burger Palace after school, a couple of the guys run into Frenchy, who flunked out of Rydell and has now dropped out of beauty school since she failed all of her classes ("Beauty School Dropout"). Danny, who has taken up track in order to win back Sandy's affections, does not know that Cha-Cha’s boyfriend’s gang has challenged the guys to a rumble. He is more concerned about patching things up with Sandy at the Twi-Light Drive In, but he moves too fast for her, and she leaves ("All Alone at a Drive-In Movie"; ("Sandy" in the revival)). A couple days later, the "greasers" are having a party in Jan’s basement, as Doody and Roger sing ("Rock ’n’ Roll Party Queen"). Rizzo is worried that she is pregnant, but she is so mad at Kenickie that she tells him he is not the father. Rizzo rejects the kids' offers of help, especially Sandy's ("There Are Worse Things I Could Do"). Sandy wonders what she needs to do to fit in at Rydell ("Look at Me, I'm Sandra Dee") (Reprise).

The next time Sandy meets up with the Burger Palace Boys and the Pink Ladies, she has transformed herself into a greaser's dream date ("All Choked Up"; ("You're the One That I Want" in the revival)). Rizzo reveals that she is not pregnant, and she and Kenickie reunite. All ends happily ("We Go Together" (Reprise)).

Revival changes

Due to the popularity of the 1978 film adaptation, which made several changes to the musical's songs and themes (many to accommodate its casting choice for Sandy, Australian singer Olivia Newton-John), the subsequent revivals adopted several of the changes made in the film, particularly the replacement of several songs, and the renaming of the Burger Palace Boys to their film name, the T-Birds. However, in the revival, the role of Sandy Dumbrowski is not changed from the original Broadway production.

Roles and notable stage cast

The professional, notable stage performers include:

Notable Productions

Notable cast and characters

Role Broadway Première (1972)
Broadhurst Theatre 		London Première (1973)
New London Theatre 		Motion Picture (1978)
N/A 		London Revival (1993)
Broadhurst Theatre 		Broadway Revival (1994)
Eugene O'Neill Theatre
Danny Zuko Barry Bostwick Richard Gere/Patrick Swayze John Travolta Craig McLachlan Ricky Paull Goldin
Sandy Dumbrowski Carole Demas Stacey Gregg Olivia Newton-John Debbie Gibson Susan Wood
Betty Rizzo Adrienne Barbeau Jacqui-Ann Carr Stockard Channing Sally Ann Triplett Brooke Shields/Rosie O'Donnell
Roger "Rump" (movie name is Putzie) Walter Bobbie Stephen Bent Kelly Ward Hunter Foster
Doody James Canning Derek James Barry Pearl
Frenchy Marya Small Didi Conn
Marty Maraschino Katie Hanley Dinah Manoff Megan Mullally
Teen Angel Alan Paul Frankie Avalon Billy Porter
Vince Fontaine Don Billett Edd Byrnes Mike Doyle
Jan Garn Stephens Jamie Donnelly
Kenickie Timothy Meyers Jeff Conaway Shane Ritchie
Dominic "Sonny" LaTierri Jim Borrelli Michael Tucci
Charlene “Cha-Cha” DiGregorio Kathi Moss Julie Henderson Annette Charles
Eugene Florczyk Tom Harris Eddie Deezen
Johnny Casino Alan Paul Glenn Carter Sha-Na-Na
Miss Lynch (movie name was Mrs. Murdock) Dorothy Leon Alice Ghostley Sally Struthers
Patty Simcox Ilene Kristen Susan Buckner

Musical numbers

Original 1972 production

* The 1972 version is the standard version licensed to professionals and amateurs through Samuel French Inc.

1994 revival

2007 revival

* The 2007 revival incorporates some changes from the popular film version. Some numbers were eliminated, and others were added to the score: "Grease" was written by Barry Gibb, "Hopelessly Devoted to You" and "You’re the One That I Want" are written by John Farrar, and "Sandy" is by Louis St. Louis and Scott Simon.[19]
Orchestration

The original score calls for a piano, two tenor saxophones, bass guitar, percussion, and two guitars. The 2007 revival includes two pianos, two reeds, trombone, trumpet, guitar, bass guitar, and percussion.

Awards and nominations

1972 Broadway

  • Tony Award for Best Musical (nominee)
  • Tony Award for Best Book (nominee)
  • Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical (Barry Bostwick, nominee)
  • Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical (Timothy Meyers, nominee)
  • Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical (Adrienne Barbeau, nominee)
  • Tony Award for Best Costume Design (nominee)
  • Tony Award for Best Choreography (nominee)
  • Theatre World Award (Barbeau, winner)
  • Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Choreography (winner)
  • Drama Desk Award for Most Promising Costume Design (winner)

1994 revival

  • Theatre World Award (Brooke Shields, winner)
  • Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical (nominee)
  • Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical (Marcia Lewis, nominee)
  • Tony Award for Best Choreography (nominee)
  • Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Musical (Sam Harris, nominee)
  • Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Choreography (nominee)

2007 revival

  • Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical (nominee)[20]

Footnotes

  1. ^ Miller, Scott (2007-03 30). "Inside Grease". New Line Theatre. Retrieved 2008-07-10. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ^ TIME magazine reported in its May 26, 2008 issue, p. 51, that this musical ranked as the sixth most frequently produced musical by United States high schools in 2007.
  3. ^ Williams, Albert. Chicago Reader (Jan. 9, 2009): The Jim and Warren Show; Chicago Reader: The Jim and Warren Show
  4. ^ Sharbutt, Jay. Associated Press (Nov. 4, 1979): Untitled article about Grease; quoted in The Estate Project for Artists with AIDS: Warren Casey - Music Archive Catalog
  5. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=ZWIRAljCR7oC&pg=PA160&lpg=PA160&dq=grease+1973+london+cast+New+london+theatre&source=bl&ots=EdVqVPWVCc&sig=pt2r21bdKnkgyDhQ1py-F0Z80Do&hl=en&ei=pqpyTJCsMoTGlQfbwomhDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CDEQ6AEwCDg8#v=onepage&q=grease%201973%20london%20cast%20New%20london%20theatre&f=false
  6. ^ http://www.glenncarter.com/stage/musicals/grease.htm
  7. ^ "Lucy Lawless is Rizzo in Broadway's Grease! Musical September 1997". Lucylawless.info. Retrieved 2010-01-18. [dead link]
  8. ^ Listing at TUTShoustontheatre.com
  9. ^ "GREASE to Close on Broadway January 4, 2009". Broadwayworld.com. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
  10. ^ Review Round-Up of London Opening: Grease Not the Word for Critics; at Whatsonstage.com
  11. ^ Grease in London thisistheatre.com, retrieved March 9, 2010
  12. ^ London Production of Grease to Shutter April 30, Prior to New U.K. Tour
  13. ^ "GREASE National Tour to Play Final Performance May 23", broadwayworld.com, accessed May 28, 2010
  14. ^ Gans, Andrew."Grease Tour, with "American Idol" Winner Hicks, Kicks Off Dec. 2 in RI", playbill.com, December 2, 2008
  15. ^ "Ace Young, Allison Fischer, Laura D'Andre, Jesse JP Johnson and Jamison Scott Join GREASE TOUR". Broadwayworld.com. 2009-11-29. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
  16. ^ Jones, Chris."The original, R-rated 'Grease' comes home to Chicago".chicagotribune.com, March 21, 2010
  17. ^ http://www.lunchbox-productions.com/show_grease/overview.shtm
  18. ^ http://www.theatreview.org.nz/reviews/review.php?id=3308
  19. ^ The Broadway League. "Internet Broadway Database: Grease Production Credits". Ibdb.com. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
  20. ^ Internet Broadway Database listing, 'Grease', 2007 revival ibdb.com, retrieved January 26, 2010

References

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