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The [http://debate.olemiss.edu University] was chosen to host the [[United States presidential election debates, 2008|first presidential debate of 2008]], which was held September 26, 2008. This was the first presidential debate to be held in Mississippi.<ref>[http://www.clarionledger.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071120/SPECIAL02/711200379 "University lands first of 3 debates"], ''The Clarion-Ledger,'' Accessed November 20, 2007</ref><ref>[http://debate.olemiss.edu/ 2008 Presidential Debate | The University of Mississippi - Official Home Page]</ref>
The [http://debate.olemiss.edu University] was chosen to host the [[United States presidential election debates, 2008|first presidential debate of 2008]], which was held September 26, 2008. This was the first presidential debate to be held in Mississippi.<ref>[http://www.clarionledger.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071120/SPECIAL02/711200379 "University lands first of 3 debates"], ''The Clarion-Ledger,'' Accessed November 20, 2007</ref><ref>[http://debate.olemiss.edu/ 2008 Presidential Debate | The University of Mississippi - Official Home Page]</ref>
{{Clr}}
{{Clr}}

In 2009, a [[Ku Klux Klan]] rally was held on campus to protest the University chancellor's decision to remove "From Dixie with Love" from the school band's song list.<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/11/21/kkk-rally-at-ole-miss-kla_n_366475.html "KKK Rally at Ole Miss" | Huffington Post, accessed Nov 19, 2012]</ref>


The university adopted a new on-field mascot for athletic events in the fall of 2010.<ref>http://mascot.olemiss.edu/?p=333</ref> [[Colonel Reb]], retired from the sidelines of sporting events in 2003, was officially replaced by the [[Rebel Black Bear]]. All university sports teams are still officially referred to as the [[Ole Miss Rebels|Rebels]].<ref>http://news.olemiss.edu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5203:bearmascot&catid=125:generalnews&Itemid=12</ref>
The university adopted a new on-field mascot for athletic events in the fall of 2010.<ref>http://mascot.olemiss.edu/?p=333</ref> [[Colonel Reb]], retired from the sidelines of sporting events in 2003, was officially replaced by the [[Rebel Black Bear]]. All university sports teams are still officially referred to as the [[Ole Miss Rebels|Rebels]].<ref>http://news.olemiss.edu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5203:bearmascot&catid=125:generalnews&Itemid=12</ref>

Revision as of 04:12, 19 November 2012

"Ole Miss" redirects here. For the University of Mississippi athletics program, see Ole Miss Rebels.
The University of Mississippi
The University of Mississippi logo
MottoPro scientia et sapientia (Latin)
Motto in English
On behalf of knowledge and wisdom
TypePublic
Sea-grant
Space-grant
Established1848
Endowment$470 million[1]
ChancellorDaniel W. Jones
Academic staff
729[2]
Students16,786 in Oxford; 20,844 systemwide[3]
Location
Oxford
,
Mississippi
,
United States

34°21′59″N 89°32′12″W / 34.3663°N 89.5368°W / 34.3663; -89.5368
CampusRural 2,000+ acres
Sports teamsRebels
ColorsHarvard Crimson and Yale Blue   
(adopted in 1893)[4]
Websitewww.olemiss.edu

The University of Mississippi, also known as Ole Miss, is a public, coeducational research university in Oxford, Mississippi, United States. Founded in 1844, the school is composed of the main campus in Oxford, four branch campuses located in Booneville, Grenada, Tupelo, and Southaven as well as the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson. It also operates the University of Mississippi Field Station in Abbeville. Additionally, it is both a sea-grant and space-grant institute. Fifty-two percent of undergraduates are from Mississippi and nineteen percent of all students are minorities. International students come from sixty-six nations. Ole Miss is a large university in the state of Mississippi with a total enrollment of 20,844 in fall 2011. The Oxford campus is the second largest main campus in the state with a fall 2011 enrollment of 16,586.

History

Founding, expansion, and tradition

The Lyceum, William Nichols, architect (1848).

The Mississippi Legislature chartered Ole Miss on February 24, 1844. The university opened its doors to its first class of 80 students four years later in 1848. For 23 years, Ole Miss was Mississippi's only public institution of higher learning, and for 110 years it was the state's only comprehensive university.[5]

When Ole Miss opened, the campus consisted of only six buildings: two dormitories, two faculty houses, a steward’s hall, and the Lyceum at the center. Constructed from 1846 to 1848, the Lyceum is the oldest building on campus. Originally, the Lyceum housed all of the classrooms and faculty offices of the university. The building’s north and south wings were added in 1903, and the Class of 1927 donated the clock above the eastern portico. The Lyceum is now the home of the university's administration offices. The columned facade of the Lyceum is represented on the official crest of the university, along with the date of establishment.[6]

In 1854, the university established the fourth state-supported, public law school in the United States and began offering engineering education.[7][8]

With the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, classes were interrupted when the entire student body from Ole Miss enlisted in the Confederate army. Their company, Company A, 11th Mississippi Infantry, was nicknamed the University Greys, and suffered a 100% casualty rate during the Civil War.[9] A great number of those casualties occurred during Pickett's Charge at the Battle of Gettysburg on July 3, 1863, when the University Greys made the deepest encroachment into Union territory. Some of the soldiers actually crossed the Union defensive fortification wall, only to be killed, wounded or captured. On the very next day, July 4, Confederate forces surrendered at Vicksburg, Mississippi; the two battles together are commonly viewed as the turning point in the war. When Ole Miss re-opened, only one member of the University Greys was able to visit the university to address the student body.

The Lyceum was used as a hospital during the Civil War for both Union and Confederate soldiers, especially those who were wounded at the battle of Shiloh. Two hundred and fifty soldiers who died in the campus hospital were buried in a cemetery on the grounds of the university. [10][11]

The university was led, during the post-war period, by former Confederate general A.P. Stewart, a Rogersville, Tennessee native, who was President from 1874-1886.[12]

The university became coeducational in 1882 and was the first such institution in the Southeast to hire a female faculty member, doing so in 1885. [13]

The student yearbook was published for the first time in 1897. As a way to find a name for the book, a contest was held to solicit any suggestions from the student body. Elma Meek, a student at the time, submitted the winning entry of Ole Miss. This sobriquet was chosen not only for the yearbook, but also became the name by which the University is now known.[14] Ole Miss is defined as the school's intangible spirit, which is separate from the tangible aspects of the university. [15][16] Meek's source for the term is unknown. Some historians theorize she either made a simple diminutive of "Ole Mississippi" or derived it from "ol' missus", African American eye dialect for a plantation's "old mistress." [17][18][19]

The university began medical education in 1903, when the University of Mississippi School of Medicine was established on the parent campus in Oxford. In that era, the university only provided two-year pre-clinical education certificates, and graduates went out of state to complete their doctor of medicine degrees. In 1950, the Mississippi Legislature voted to create a four-year medical school. On July 1, 1955, the University Medical Center opened in Jackson, Mississippi, as a four-year medical school. In 1955, the University of Mississippi School of Medicine moved to Jackson where its curriculum was expanded to four years in the brand-new Medical Center. The University of Mississippi Medical Center, as it is now called, is the health sciences campus of the University of Mississippi and houses the University of Mississippi School of Medicine along with five other health science schools: nursing, dentistry, health related professions, graduate studies and pharmacy. (The School of Pharmacy is headquartered on the Oxford campus)[20]

During the 1930s, an attempt by Mississippi Governor Theodore G. Bilbo to move The University of Mississippi to Jackson, was prevented by then Chancellor Alfred Hume by giving Mississippi legislators a grand tour of Ole Miss and the surrounding city of Oxford. It so impressed the legislators that the move was defeated.

During World War II, UM was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission.[21]

Integration of 1962 and legacy

James Meredith walking to class at the University of Mississippi, accompanied by U.S. Marshals.
File:Jamesmeredithstatue.jpg
Civil Rights Monument (statue of James Meredith sculptor: Rod Moorhead) on the Ole Miss campus.
See also: Ole Miss riot of 1962

Desegregation came to Ole Miss in the early 1960s with the activities of United States Air Force veteran James Meredith from Kosciusko, Mississippi. Even Meredith's initial efforts required great courage. All involved knew how violently Dr. William David McCain and the white political establishment of Mississippi had recently reacted to similar efforts by Clyde Kennard to enroll at Mississippi Southern College (now the University of Southern Mississippi).[22][23][24][25]

Meredith won a lawsuit that allowed him admission to The University of Mississippi in September 1962. He attempted to enter campus on September 20, September 25, and again on September 26,[26] only to be blocked by Mississippi Governor Ross R. Barnett, who proclaimed that "...No school in our state will be integrated while I am your Governor. I shall do everything in my power to prevent integration in our schools."[27]

After the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit held both Barnett and Lieutenant Governor Paul B. Johnson, Jr. in contempt with fines of more than $10,000 for each day they refused to allow Meredith to enroll,[28] Meredith, escorted by a force of U.S. Marshals, entered the campus on September 30, 1962.[29]

Segregationists had gathered and rioted at the school; there were more people from around the South than students. Thousands of students, residents from the surrounding area and many from out of state, many armed, were involved.[30] Many Mississippi citizens joined in on "their battle against 'Catholic, Communist, Northern'" intervention in Mississippi white people's business. The protesters swarmed the campus in a violent effort to prevent Meredith's enrollment and enforce segregationist laws of Mississippi at the time.

Two people died during the riot, including a French journalist.[31] One-third of the US Marshals, 166 men, were injured, as were 40 soldiers and National Guardsmen.[30]

After control was re-established by federal forces, Meredith, thanks to the protection afforded by federal marshals, was able to enroll and attend his first class on October 2. Following the riot, elements of an Army National Guard division were stationed in Oxford to prevent future similar violence. While most Ole Miss students did not riot prior to his official enrollment in the university, many harassed Meredith during his first two semesters on campus.

According to first person accounts chronicled in Nadine Cohodas's book The Band Played Dixie, students living in Meredith's dorm bounced basketballs on the floor just above his room through all hours of the night. When Meredith walked into the cafeteria for meals, the students eating would all turn their backs. If Meredith sat at a table with other students, all of whom were white, the students would immediately get up and go to another table. Many of these events are featured in the 2012 ESPN documentary film "The Ghosts of Ole Miss"

In 2002 the university marked the 40th anniversary of integration with a year-long series of events. It was entitled, " Open Doors: Building on 40 Years of Opportunity in Higher Education, and included an oral history of Ole Miss, various symposiums, the April unveiling of a $130,000 memorial and a reunion of the federal marshals. It culminate[d] in September 2003 with an international conference on race." That year 13% of the student body was African American, and Meredith's son Joseph graduated as the top doctoral student at the school of business.[32]

The site of the riots, known as Lyceum-The Circle Historic District, was designated as a National Historic Landmark by the United States Secretary of the Interior on October 7, 2008.[33] The district includes:

Additionally, on April 14, 2010, The University campus was declared a National Historic Site by the Society of Professional Journalists to honor reporters who covered the 1962 riot. One of the two people killed was a French reporter named Paul Guihard.[34]

Recent history

The University was chosen to host the first presidential debate of 2008, which was held September 26, 2008. This was the first presidential debate to be held in Mississippi.[35][36]

In 2009, a Ku Klux Klan rally was held on campus to protest the University chancellor's decision to remove "From Dixie with Love" from the school band's song list.[37]

The university adopted a new on-field mascot for athletic events in the fall of 2010.[38] Colonel Reb, retired from the sidelines of sporting events in 2003, was officially replaced by the Rebel Black Bear. All university sports teams are still officially referred to as the Rebels.[39]

After the 2012 presidential election re-election Barack Obama, several hundred students protested the outcome of the election with about 400 onlookers. Some of these students were not only shouting about the president's policies, but also numerous racial epithets in regards to his race, including the word "nigger". The university responded the following day with a candlelight walk of unity. [40]

Academics

Academic rankings
National
Forbes[41]267
U.S. News & World Report[42]141
Washington Monthly[43]136

Divisions of the University

File:Ventresshall.jpg
Ventress Hall

The degree-granting divisions located at the Main Campus in Oxford:

Medicinal marijuana farmed by the University for the government

The colleges at the University of Mississippi Medical Center campus in Jackson:

  • School of Dentistry
  • School of Health Related Professions
  • School of Nursing (with a satellite unit at the main campus)
  • School of Medicine
  • School of Graduate Studies in the Health Sciences

University of Mississippi Medical Center surgeons, led by Dr. James Hardy, performed the world's first human lung transplant, in 1963, and the world's first animal-to-human heart transplant, in 1964. The heart of a chimpanzee was used for the heart transplant because of Dr. Hardy's research on transplantation, consisting of primate studies during the previous nine years.[44][45]

The University of Mississippi Field Station located in Abbeville is a natural laboratory used to study, research and teach about sustainable freshwater ecosystems.

Since 1968, the school operates the only legal marijuana farm and production facility in the United States. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) contracts to the university the production of cannabis for the use in approved research studies on the plant as well as for distribution to the seven surviving medical cannabis patients grandfathered into the Compassionate Investigational New Drug program (established in 1978 and canceled in 1991).[46]

The university houses one of the largest blues music archives in the United States. Some of the contributions to the collection were donated by BB King who donated his entire personal record collection. The Mamie and Ellis Nassour Arts & Entertainment Collection, highlighted by a wealth of theater and film scripts, photographs and memorabilia, was dedicated in September 2005. The archive includes the first ever commercial blues recording, a song called "Crazy Blues" recorded by Mamie Smith in 1920.[47]

Crazy Blues
The first commercial blues recording was Mamie Smith's performance of Perry Bradford's "Crazy Blues" in 1920.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

Special programs

The university offers the Chinese Language Flagship Program (S: 中文旗舰项目, T: 中文旗艦項目, P: Zhōngwén Qíjiàn Xiàngmù),[48] a study program aiming to provide Americans with an advanced knowledge of Chinese.[49]

Student life

Student media

  • The Daily Mississippian is the student-published newspaper of The University, established in 1911. Although The Daily Mississippian (DM) is located on the Ole Miss campus, it is operated largely as an independent newspaper run by students. The DM is the only college newspaper in Mississippi that is published five times a week. The editorial staff consists of approximately 15 students, along with a staff of 15-20 writers and 5 photographers, though these numbers vary from year to year and semester to semester. There is also an entire department devoted entirely to advertising sales and production. With a circulation of 15,000, it is one of the largest college newspapers in the country.[50]
  • The Ole Miss student yearbook is a 416-page color book produced by students with faculty advice. It has won various awards including the Gold Crown.[51]
  • WUMS-FM 92.1 Rebel Radio, operated by students, is a 3,000-watt FCC-commercially licensed radio station.
  • NewsWatch is the only student-produced, live newscast in the state of Mississippi. Broadcast through the Metrocast cable company, it is live at 5:30 Monday-Friday.[52]

These five publications are a part of the S. Gale Denley Student Media Center at Ole Miss. Current director of student media is Patricia Thompson.

Athletics

Main article: Ole Miss Rebels
File:Olemissspeedlimit.jpg
Archie Manning's uniform number as the official speed limit on campus.

Archie Manning's uniform number, 18, is the official speed limit of the Oxford campus.[53] In March 2012, Ross Bjork was named the University's new athletics director.[54]

Student housing

Approximately 4,386 students live on campus in the fourteen residence halls available. All freshmen (students with less than 30 credit hours) are required to live in campus housing their first year unless they meet certain commuter guidelines.[55] The Department of Student Housing and Residence Life is an auxiliary, meaning that it is self-supporting and does not receive appropriations from state funds. All rent received from students pays for housing functions such as utilities, staff salaries, furniture, supplies, repairs, renovations and new buildings.[56] Most of the residence staff members are students, including day-to-day management, conduct board members and maintenance personnel.[57] Upon acceptance to The University of Mississippi, a housing application is submitted with a processing fee.[57] On Campus Housing cost ranges from $1730 to over $5000(the highest price being that of the new residential college) per semester depending on the occupancy and suite type.[57] Students (with more than 30 credit hours) have the option to live off campus in unaffiliated housing.[57]

Graduate students, undergraduate students aged 25 or older, students who are married, and students with families may live in the Village Apartments. The complex consists of six two story buildings, and is adjacent to the University of Mississippi Law School. Undergraduates over 25, married students, and graduate students may live in the one bedroom apartments. Graduate students and students over 25 may live in studio style apartments. Students with children may live in the two bedroom apartments.[58] Children living in the Village Apartments are zoned to the Oxford School District.[59] Residents are zoned to Bramlett Elementary School (PreK-1), Oxford Elementary School (2-3), Della Davidson Elementary School (4-5), Oxford Middle School (6-8), and Oxford High School (9-12).[60]

Greek life

Despite the relatively small number of Greek-letter organizations on campus, a third of all undergraduates participate in Greek life at Ole Miss. The tradition of Greek life on the Oxford campus is a deep-seated one. In fact, the first fraternity founded in the South was the W.W.W. (or Rainbow Society), founded at Ole Miss in 1848. The fraternity merged with Delta Tau Delta in 1886.[61] Delta Kappa Epsilon followed shortly after at Ole Miss in 1850, as the first to have a house on campus in Mississippi. Delta Gamma Women's Fraternity was founded in 1873 at the Lewis School for Girls in nearby Oxford. All Greek life at Ole Miss was suspended from 1912 to 1926 due to statewide anti-fraternity legislation.[62]

Today, sorority chapters are very large, with many boasting of around 250 active members. Recruitment is fiercely competitive and potential sorority members are encouraged to secure personal recommendations from Ole Miss sorority alumnae in order to increase the chances of receiving an invitation to join one of the 9 NPC sororities on campus. Fraternity recruitment is also fierce with only 14 active IFC Fraternity chapters on campus. Additionally, Ole Miss is the unofficial Greek capital of the South with its sense of style and class being mimicked by fraternity and sorority members at many other schools in the U.S.

NPC Sororities

Inactive Chapters:

Future Chapters:

IFC Fraternities

Inactive Chapters:

NPHC Fraternities and Sororities


Other Fraternities and Sororities

Associated Student Body

The Associated Student Body (ASB) is the Ole Miss student government organization.

Noteworthy alumni

Main article: List of University of Mississippi notable alumni

Noteworthy alumni in fiction

See also

References

  1. ^ As of Jan 17, 2012. "U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2012 Endowment Market Value and Percentage Change in Endowment Market Value from FY 2010 to FY 2011" (PDF). 2012 NACUBO-Commonfund Study of Endowments. National Association of College and University Business Officers. Retrieved Jan 17, 2012.
  2. ^ [www.olemiss.edu/info/stats_factsOLE MISS FACTS 2011-12]
  3. ^ http://www.olemiss.edu/info/stats_facts.html
  4. ^ Ole Miss Traditions
  5. ^ http://www.olemiss.edu/info/history.html
  6. ^ http://www.olemiss.edu/tours/lm-text.html
  7. ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_law_schools_in_the_United_States
  8. ^ http://www.engineering.olemiss.edu/about/index.html
  9. ^ 11th Mississippi Infantry: A Brief History" by Steven Davis http://faculty.swosu.edu/scott.long/11thmiss/homepage/history.htm
  10. ^ http://maps.google.com/maps/place?q=Confederate+Cemetery&hl=en&cid=1000215249802079370
  11. ^ http://www.civilwarcenter.olemiss.edu/cemeteries_csa.html
  12. ^ http://www.olemiss.edu/depts/chancellor/inauguration/chancellors.html
  13. ^ http://www.olemiss.edu/depts/sarah_isom_center/aboutsarahisom.html
  14. ^ The Ole Miss Student Yearbook
  15. ^ Everett, Frank E. (1962). Frank E. Everett Collection (MUM00123). The Department of Archives and Special Collections, J.D. Williams Library, The University of Mississippi.
  16. ^ http://www.olemisssports.com/trads/ole-miss-trads.html
  17. ^ Cabaniss, J. A. (1949). The University of Mississippi; Its first hundred years. University & College Press Of Mississippi. ISBN 978-0-87805-000-0.
  18. ^ Eagles, Charles (2009). The Price of Defiance: James Meredith and the Integration of Ole Miss. The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-3273-8.
  19. ^ Sansing, David (1999). The University of Mississippi: A Sesquicentennial History. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-57806-091-7.
  20. ^ http://www.umc.edu/medical_center/overview.html
  21. ^ "U.S. Naval Administration in World War II". HyperWar Foundation. 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2011.
  22. ^ The Funding of Scientific Racism: Wickliffe Draper and the Pioneer Fund by William H. Tucker, University of Illinois Press (May 30, 2007), pp 165-66.
  23. ^ Neo-Confederacy: A Critical Introduction, by Euan Hague (Editor), Heidi Beirich (Editor), Edward H. Sebesta (Editor), University of Texas Press (December 1, 2008) pp. 284-85
  24. ^ http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=135
  25. ^ Medgar Evers by Jennie Brown, Holloway House Publishing, 1994, pp. 128-132.
  26. ^ http://www.jfklibrary.org/meredith/chron_main.html
  27. ^ http://www.jfklibrary.org/NR/rdonlyres/A6EC14C6-ADAA-4F4D-8D92-A56180C26AD0/43850/BarnettRoss_oralhistory.pdf
  28. ^ "Ross Barnett, Segregationist, Dies; Governor of Mississippi in 1960's". The New York Times. November 7, 1987. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
  29. ^ http://www.eotu.uiuc.edu/pedagogy/grogers/GRP/Meredith_1.htm
  30. ^ a b "The States: Though the Heavens Fall". TIME. 1962-10-12. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  31. ^ Riches, William T. Martin. The Civil Rights Movement: Struggle and Resistance. Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
  32. ^ Shelia Hardwell Byrd (21 September 2002). "Meredith ready to move on". Associated Press, at Athens Banner-Herald (OnlineAthens). Retrieved 2007-10-02.
  33. ^ Gene Ford and Susan Cianci Salvatore (2007-01-23). National Historic Landmark Nomination: Lyceum (PDF). National Park Service. [dead link]
  34. ^ Jerry Mitchell (April 14, 2010). "Ole Miss declared National Historic Site". The Clarion-Ledger. Retrieved April 14, 2010. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help) Archived at WebCite
  35. ^ "University lands first of 3 debates", The Clarion-Ledger, Accessed November 20, 2007
  36. ^ 2008 Presidential Debate | The University of Mississippi - Official Home Page
  37. ^ "KKK Rally at Ole Miss" | Huffington Post, accessed Nov 19, 2012
  38. ^ http://mascot.olemiss.edu/?p=333
  39. ^ http://news.olemiss.edu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5203:bearmascot&catid=125:generalnews&Itemid=12
  40. ^ http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2012/11/10/racial-slurs-at-colleges-show-progress-still-needed/1696475/
  41. ^ "America's Top Colleges 2024". Forbes. September 6, 2024. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
  42. ^ "2023-2024 Best National Universities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. September 18, 2023. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  43. ^ "2024 National University Rankings". Washington Monthly. August 25, 2024. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
  44. ^ "History of Lung Transplantation". Emory University. April 12, 2005. Retrieved 2009-09-08.
  45. ^ Time Magazine: Surgery: First Heart Transplant - January 31, 1964
  46. ^ CNN: Government runs nation's only legal pot garden - May 18, 2009
  47. ^ Billboard Magazine: Internet Site Shines Light On Archival Blues Recordings - June 9, 2001
  48. ^ "chinese-logo-w-ro.gif." (Archive) University of Mississippi. Retrieved on May 3, 2012.
  49. ^ "Introduction." Chinese Language Flagship Program, University of Mississippi. Retrieved on May 3, 2012.
  50. ^ The DM
  51. ^ The Ole Miss
  52. ^ NewsWatch
  53. ^ Garner, Dwight (October 14, 2011). "Faulkner and Football in Oxford, Miss". The New York Times.
  54. ^ "Ross Bjork Press Conference" March 22, 2012
  55. ^ Student Housing and Residence Life — The University of Mississippi
  56. ^ Student Housing and Residence Life — The University of Mississippi
  57. ^ a b c d Student Housing and Residence Life — The University of Mississippi
  58. ^ "Village." University of Mississippi. Retrieved on February 2, 2012.
  59. ^ "Campus Map." University of Mississippi. Retrieved on February 2, 2012.
  60. ^ "Our Schools." Oxford School District. Retrieved on February 2, 2012.
  61. ^ The New York Times: Two secret societies united, Delta Tau Delta and the Rainbow Society join hands; Published March 28, 1885; Accessed December 08, 2007
  62. ^ Lee Maurice Russell: Fortieth Governor of Mississippi: 1920-1924
  63. ^ John Grisham » Bio
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