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== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
*Audi pages: [http://www.audi.com/com/brand/en/models/a8/a8.html A8], [http://www.audi.com/com/brand/en/models/audi_security_cars/audi_a8_l_security.html Audi A8 L Security]
*Audi pages: [http://www.audi.com/com/brand/en/models/a8/a8.html A8], [http://www.audi.com/com/brand/en/models/audi_security_cars/audi_a8_l_security.html Audi A8 L Security], [http://www.audi.com/com/brand/en/experience/design___technology/design_studies/audi_a8_hybrid.html A8 hybrid (concept)]


{{Audi}}
{{Audi}}

Revision as of 11:32, 29 October 2013

Audi A8
Overview
ManufacturerAudi (Volkswagen Group)
Production1994–present
Body and chassis
ClassFull-size
Body style4-door sedan
LayoutFront-engine, front-wheel-drive
Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
Chronology
PredecessorAudi V8

The Audi A8 is a four-door, full-size, luxury sedan car manufactured and marketed by the German automaker Audi since 1994. Succeeding the Audi V8, and now in its third generation, the A8 has been offered with both front- or permanent all-wheel drive—and in short- and long-wheelbase variants. The first two generations employed the Volkswagen Group D platform, with the current generation deriving the MLB platform. After the original model's 1994 release, Audi released the second generation in 2002, and the third and current iteration in 2009.

Notable for being the first mass-market car with an aluminium chassis, all A8 models have utilised this construction method co-developed with Alcoa and marketed as the Audi Space Frame.[1]

A mechanically-upgraded, high-performance version of the A8 debuted in 1996 as the Audi S8. Produced exclusively at Audi's Neckarsulm plant, unlike the donor A8 model, the S8 has been available only in short-wheelbase form and is fitted standard with Audi's quattro all-wheel drive system.

First generation (D2, Typ 4D; 1994–2002)

First generation (D2)
Pre-facelift Audi A8 (D2) 4.2 quattro (US)
Overview
ProductionJune 1994 – August 4, 2002[2][3]
AssemblyGermany: Neckarsulm
Japan: Tokyo (AMA; 1995–1998)
DesignerChris Bird; Dirk van Braeckel (1991)[4]
Body and chassis
PlatformVolkswagen Group D2
Powertrain
Enginepetrol
2.8 V6
3.7 V8
4.2 V8
6.0 W12
diesel
2.5 TDI V6
3.3 TDI V8
Transmission5-speed manual
6-speed manual (S8)
4-speed ZF 4HP24 automatic
5-speed ZF 5HP19 automatic
5-speed ZF 5HP24 automatic
Dimensions
WheelbaseSWB: 2,882 mm (113.5 in)
LWB: 3,010 mm (118.5 in)
LengthSWB: 5,034 mm (198.2 in)
LWB: 5,164 mm (203.3 in)
Width1,880 mm (74.0 in)
Height1,438 mm (56.6 in)

Development

In 1982, Ferdinand Piëch signed an agreement with Aluminum Company of America. The objective was to design and develop a car that would be substantially lighter than any other vehicles in its class. In the late 1980s, it was decided that the target vehicle would be a successor to the V8(Typ 4C) flagship introduced in 1988. By 1991, a final design by Chris Bird and Dirk van Braeckel was chosen and frozen for series production in 1992. In September 1993, the Aluminum Space Frame (ASF) Concept was unveiled at the 1993 Frankfurt International Motor Show (IAA) as a D2 Typ 4D prototype in polished aluminum. Pilot production began in December 1993 and development ended in early 1994, at a total cost of $700 million.[5]

Introduction

The Audi A8 (Typ 4D) was presented in February 1994 and debuted at the 1994 Geneva Auto Show in March, with full-scale factory production commencing June 1994,[2] although it was not until October 1996, for the 1997 model year that it became available in North America. Unlike its predecessor, the Audi V8 model, which was built on an existing steel platform, the A8 debuted on the then-new Volkswagen Group D2 platform, an all aluminium monocoque, marketed as the "Audi Space Frame" (ASF), which helped to reduce weight and preserve structural rigidity. The saloon/sedan was offered in both the A8 (standard wheelbase), and the A8 L extended or long-wheelbase (LWB) version. The A8 L adds 5 inches (127 mm) of rear legroom. Updates to the car in 1997 included the addition of six interior airbags.[6][7][8]

Pre-facelift Audi A8 (D2) 4.2 quattro (Germany)
Facelift Audi A8 L (D2) 4.2 quattro (US)

For 1997, the new A8 was available with either front-wheel drive (FWD), or the Torsen-based quattro permanent four-wheel drive. The FWD models are powered by a 2.8-litre V6 engine, producing 142 kilowatts (193 PS; 190 bhp), and 3.7-litre V8 engine producing 171.5 kilowatts (233 PS; 230 bhp), while the quattro received a 4.2-litre V8 producing 220 kilowatts (299 PS; 295 bhp).

The A8 is available with standard luxury amenities, including dual-zone climate control, wood and leather interior trim, 14-way power and heated seats, and an enhanced Bose audio system.

In 1999, Audi's flagship received new colours, and restructuring of option packages. The North American "warm weather package" added a solar sunroof which allows the interior ventilation fans to run, keeping the interior cool while the car is parked with the engine turned off. Changes to all models included a larger passenger-side mirror, and a first aid kit located in the rear centre armrest.

In 1999 for the 2000 model year saw a minor front-end restyle, with new, larger, clear headlights, a revised grille, and lower front valance with standard projection fog lamps. On the interior, the seats received a new, horizontal stitch pattern. Also, the 3.7-litre V8 FWD model was dropped, leaving the 2.8 V6 model and the long-wheelbase and short-wheelbase 4.2-litre quattro. These restyled cars also featured revised external door handles and an integrated radio antenna. For 2000, the North American A8 line-up was expanded to include the A8 L.

For 2001, A8 received side curtain airbags. In 2001, Audi introduced its new W12 engine, a compact 6.0-litre unit developed by effectively mating two VR6 engines together at the crankshaft. The engine quickly became available in the A8, though only to European and Asian customers. From its introduction through its discontinuation in 2003, only 750 of the D2 "W12" models were produced. 2001 also marked the debut of the high-performance S8 variant in North American markets.

In 2002, the A8 L received standard xenon high-intensity discharge lamp (HID) headlights, and a heated steering wheel. A tyre pressure monitoring system (TPMS), an updated Symphony II stereo, and new exterior colours were also added. For 2002, all A8 variants received a trunk/boot interior release lever to facilitate escape in the event an individual became trapped within.

Factory production of this generation ceased at Number 105,092[9] in August 4, 2002.[2]

Coupé (prototype)

In 1997, IVM Automotive of Munich, Germany built a two-door Audi A8 Coupé. The car was unveiled at the 1997 Geneva Motor Show. Audi contracted IVM to build the prototype, and was considering production of the vehicle. The coupé had a re-engineered aluminium body, shorter than the production A8 saloon. Like the Mercedes-Benz CL-Class, there was no central "B" pillar, giving the car a seamless design with a gradually sloping roofline. The car included custom leather seats which could seat four. Ultimately, Audi decided not to put the A8 Coupé into production, citing lower-than-expected sales figures for the similar BMW 8 Series and Mercedes-Benz S-Class Coupé. Only one A8 Coupé was ever built. The single prototype, painted a colour called "Ming Blue pearl", remains the property of IVM Automotive, and resides in Munich. Its last public appearance was in 2002 on a series of test drives.

S8

Facelift Audi S8 (D2; US)
Facelift Audi S8 (D2; Europe)

Audi introduced the S8 4.2 quattro into the European market in 1996. The S8 followed the naming convention of other high-performance Audi "S" models such as the Audi A6-derived S6 and was similar in vein of Mercedes-Benz AMG models. In markets such as the UK, the S8 was only available with the automatic transmission. Cosmetically, Audi differentiated the S8 from the A8 with solid aluminium alloy door mirror housings, chrome-effect beltline and lower front grille trim, and polished twin exhaust pipes, along with subtle "S8" badging. 14-way power adjustable and heated sports front seats with memory function were fitted as were heated rear seats. Standard alloy wheels were 18-inch cast aluminium alloy "Avus" six-spoke style. After the 1999 facelift, 20-inch polished nine-spoke RS wheels became an option. In 2002, 18-inch nine-spoke RS wheels became a no-cost option.

At the same time of the A8's facelift in late 1999, the S8 received the same cosmetic upgrades. This update marked the release of the S8 to the North American market. Production of the D2 series S8 ended in September 2002.

The D2 series S8 featured an uprated, 250 kW (335 hp) version of the 4.2-litre V8 with four valves per cylinder. From late 1999, Audi increased this to five valves per cylinder with power increased to 265 kilowatts (355 hp) and 430 newton-metres (317 lb⋅ft). From launch in 1996, European-market models came standard with a six-speed manual transmission. A sports-recalibrated version of the ZF 5HP24 five-speed tiptronic automatic, featuring "Dynamic Shift Programme" (DSP) was released a year later and was the only transmission available in most other markets.

A retuned, 20-millimetre (0.8 in) lowered sports suspension included a 30 percent stiffer spring rate and 40 percent more compression damping in the shock absorbers. Speed-sensitive "servotronic" power assisted steering was also standard.

The brakes featured Bosch 5.3 anti-lock braking system (ABS), with electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD), and worked radially ventilated front discs. From 2002, an upgraded Bosch 5.7 electronic stability programme became standard fitment.

Engines

Engine Power Torque @ rpm 0–100 km/h
(0–62 mph) 		Top speed
Displacement Type
2.8 (2771 cc) V6 174 PS (128 kW); 250 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) 9.1 sec 228 km/h (141.7 mph)
2.8 (2771 cc) V6 193 PS (142 kW); 280 N⋅m (210 lb⋅ft) 8.4 sec 236 km/h (146.6 mph)
3.7 (3697 cc) V8 230 PS (169 kW); 315 N⋅m (232 lb⋅ft) 8.7 sec 247 km/h (153.5 mph)
3.7 (3697 cc) V8 260 PS (191 kW); 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) 8.1 sec 250 km/h (155.3 mph)
4.2 (4172 cc) V8 300 PS (221 kW); 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) 7.3 sec 250 km/h (155.3 mph)
4.2 (4172 cc) V8 310 PS (228 kW); 410 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) 6.9 sec 250 km/h (155.3 mph)
4.2 (4172 cc) V8 340 PS (250 kW); 420 N⋅m (310 lb⋅ft) 6.8 sec 250 km/h (155.3 mph)
4.2 (4172 cc) V8 360 PS (265 kW); 430 N⋅m (320 lb⋅ft) 6.2 sec 250 km/h (155.3 mph)
6.0 (5998 cc) W12 420 PS (309 kW); 550 N⋅m (410 lb⋅ft) 5.8 sec 250 km/h (155.3 mph)
2.5 (2496 cc) V6 TDI 150 PS (110 kW); 310 N⋅m (230 lb⋅ft) 9.9 sec 220 km/h (136.7 mph)
2.5 (2496 cc) V6 TDI 180 PS (132 kW); 370 N⋅m (270 lb⋅ft) 8.8 sec 227 km/h (141.1 mph)
3.3 (3328 cc) V8 TDI 225 PS (165 kW); 480 N⋅m (350 lb⋅ft) 8.2 sec 242 km/h (150.4 mph)

Second generation (D3, Typ 4E; 2002–2009)

Second generation (D3)
Pre-facelift Audi A8 (D3)
Overview
ProductionAugust 2002 – November 2009[2][10]
AssemblyGermany: Neckarsulm
DesignerMiklós Kovács, Imre Hasanic, Dany Garand (1999)[11]
Body and chassis
PlatformVolkswagen Group D3
Powertrain
Enginepetrol engines:
2.8 L V6
3.0 L V6
3.2 L V6 FSI
3.7 L V8
4.2 L V8
5.2 L V10 FSI
6.0 L W12
diesel engines:
3.0 L V6 TDI
3.9 L V8 TDI
4.1 L V8 TDI
Transmission6-speed manual,
6-speed ZF 6HP26 tiptronic automatic,
LuK multitronic CVT
Dimensions
WheelbaseSWB: 2,944 mm (115.9 in)
LWB: 3,074 mm (121.0 in)
LengthSWB:
pre 2007: 5,051 mm (198.9 in),
post 2007: 5,062 mm (199.3 in)
LWB:
pre 2007: 5,181 mm (204.0 in),
post 2007: 5,192 mm (204.4 in)
Width1,894 mm (74.6 in)
HeightSWB: 1,444 mm (56.9 in)
LWB: 1,455 mm (57.3 in)
Kerb weight1,670–1,990 kg (3,682–4,387 lb)

The second-generation Audi A8 (Typ 4E) built on the Volkswagen Group D3 platform was unveiled via press release in July 2002 and introduced in November 2002 in Europe[2][10] and in June 2003 in the United States. The model was longer than the previous generation, with room for four or five large adult occupants in the cabin, depending on rear seat configuration. The D3 development program began in 1996, with the design process commencing in Ingolstadt in 1997. The whole Audi design studio based in Ingolstadt first contributed sketch proposals, from which numerous different themes emerged. Six of them were developed into full size clay models and worked up in a traditional manner adjacent to full size tape drawings. At least three one quarter scale models produced to explore other design variations.

The six full size exterior clay models were reduced to two in late 1998 and these continued to be refined in parallel for a year. At the end of 1999 the final theme selection was made, by Miklós Kovács and Imre Hasanic the main contributing designers. This lengthy development time was in part due to the body being made from aluminium, a material less able to take the small radii of sharp feature lines such as those on the (steel bodied) A4 (B6) designed in 1998.

In parallel to the exterior design development the interior design was progressed with a total of four full size models produced and the production car's horizontally themed instrument panel design dominant from early on, with Norbert Schneider, Mark Bergold and Enzo Rothfuss the main contributing designers.

Grouping major controls nearer the driver for a more driver focused identity whilst creating a more airy and spacious feel were early priorities for the interior design team was headed by Jurgen Albamonte. This was in part facilitated by the MMI interface, designed by Jurgen Schröder, that pioneered on the D3 A8 after the Avantissimo concept car preview, and also by class leading colour and trim from Barbara Krömeke and Melinda Jenkins.

Under the supervision of Dany Garand, during the first half of 2000 exterior and interior clay models were digitized and developed using digital design tools in a supporting, not leading, capacity. The D3 final production design was later frozen in the summer of 2000 for an August 2002 start of production.[11]


As with the previous version, two body variants of the second generation A8 are offered, the A8 (standard, or short wheelbase), and the long-wheelbase (LWB) A8 L. The A8 L adds 120 mm (4.7 inches) to the rear legroom and 11 mm (0.43 in) to the overall height of the car.

In 2005, new internal combustion engines became available. For European and Asian market customers, the entry-level 3.0-litre V6 engine was replaced with a new 3.2-litre unit featuring Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI), which it shared with the Audi B7 A4 and Audi C6 A6. The top-of-the-line W12 version debuted that year. The advantage of the W12 engine layout is its compact packaging, allowing Audi to build a 12-cylinder sedan with all-wheel drive, whereas a conventional V12 could only have a rear-wheel drive configuration as it would have no space in the engine bay for a differential and other components required to power the front wheels. In fact, Audi's 6.0-litre W12 is actually slightly smaller by overall dimensions than the 4.2-litre V8.[12]

Audi A8 L 3.0 TDI (facelift)

In addition to the added power trains, Audi restyled the D3 platform A8 range slightly in 2005, giving all variants a taller, wider trapezoidal single-frame grille. The top-of-the-line W12 engined W12 version was the first model to be equipped with this grille; V8 engined models were fitted with the new grille the following year.[12]

The D3 generation A8 introduced the 235 kW (315 hp) 4.2-litre Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) V8 engine (subsequently uprated to 240 kW (322 hp)). The engine uses two turbochargers and two intercoolers, with each turbocharger functioning exclusively for one bank of four cylinders.

From 2005 or 2006 Audi started offering the optional 1,000-watt 14-channel ICEpower Bang & Olufsen sound system.[13]

From September 2007 for the 2008 model year,[2] the A8 received a facelift and also received new electronic safety systems.[14] "Audi Side Assist" detects cars in the A8's blind spots. "Audi Lane Assist" helps when the driver attempts to change lanes without signalling first.

A8 L W12 quattro Security

It is an armoured vehicle with B6+ and B7 (European standard) ballistic ratings. It includes a W12 engine rated 331 kW (450 PS) and 580 N⋅m (428 lbf⋅ft), emergency exit system featuring pyrotechnic blown-out doors, fire extinguisher system with spray jets located in the engine compartment, underbody and in the wheel arches; smoke extractor in passenger compartment, run flat tyres, LED flashers in the exterior mirrors. Buyers are also offered facility to dispatch two drivers on a special training course.[15]

S8 5.2 FSI quattro

The S8 high-performance sports variant, now called the "Audi S8 5.2 FSI quattro" was announced in the last quarter of 2005 and full production started in June 2006 and ended in September 2009.[16]

The S8 includes subtle detailing to distinguish it from its related A8. The trapezoidal "single-frame" grille bears the characteristic Audi "S model" vertical strut detail which are highlighted in a chrome finish. "S8" badging is displayed front and rear, whilst "V10" badges are displayed on each front wing above the side-repeater indicators. The rear boot-lid incorporates a subtle rear spoiler, and the rear is finished with four chromed oval exhaust tailpipes. Adaptive Xenon-plus high-intensity discharge (HID) headlamps include static turning lights, along with "swiveling" dynamic cornering lights. Daytime running lamps are five light-emitting diodes (LEDs) incorporated into a cloverleaf designed reflector, incorporated into the main headlamp housing.

Pre-facelift Audi S8 (D3; US)
Pre-facelift Audi S8 (D3; Europe)

The D3 series S8 features a 5.2-litre all-aluminium alloy four-valves per cylinder V10 petrol engine. This engine is a derivative of the Lamborghini Gallardo's original 5.0-litre Lamborghini V10,[17] which was also developed under the Volkswagen Group ownership. On this Audi-only variant, compared to the Lamborghini engine, it features a longer stroke and wider bore—which increases the displacement of the engine, and produces more torque at lower revs, making it more suitable for the larger and heavier full-sized luxury Audi application. It produces 331 kW (444 hp) of power and 540 N⋅m (398 lb⋅ft) of torque. By having its bore whittled out an additional 2 millimetres (0.1 in), displacement in the S8 application increases from 5.0- to 5.2-litres. The engine also features Audi's direct-injection system, called Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI).[18]

Facelift Audi S8 (D3; US)
Facelift Audi S8 (D3; Europe)
Facelift interior

A sports-optimised ZF 6HP26-A61 six-speed tiptronic automatic transmission with "Dynamic Shift Programme" (DSP) and "sport" mode, with steering wheel mounted paddle-shifters, is the only offering. Output is transmitted via Audi's quattro all-wheel drive system, initially using the Torsen T-2 50:50 dynamic centre differential, and from 2007 for the 2008 model year, utilising the Torsen T-3 asymmetric dynamic centre differential, with a "default" torque distribution of 40 percent to the front axle and 60 percent to the rear.

The S8's top speed is electronically limited to 250 km/h (155 mph). Audi's factory performance claims indicate a 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 62 mph) time of 5.1 seconds whilst consuming 98 RON unleaded petrol. The S8 has similar performance to Audi's own top-of-the-line A8 L W12, though the W12 is more expensive, has more torque, and built on a longer wheelbase.[18] Compared to the A8 L W12, the S8 has sportier mechanical features such as a firmer suspension, larger wheels, and ceramic brakes. The shorter wheelbase and 10-cylinder engine save weight for better handling, but at 5.4 seconds from 0-60 mph the S8 trails the W12.[19][20][21] The S8's top speed is electronically limited to 250 kilometres per hour (155.3 mph).

The S8, like its related A8, utilises a multi-link suspension layout front and rear, with pressurised air springs. However, for the S8, the effective spring and damper rates are noticeably firmer, along with re-engineered suspension mounts.

The brake system consists of radially ventilated discs all round. The discs are clamped with gloss-black painted dual-piston calipers up front, and a single-piston sliding caliper at the rear, coupled to an electro-mechanical parking brake. A Bosch ESP 5.7 (later upgraded to ESP 8.0) electronic stability control, with ABS, brake assist, EBD complete the brake system. Optional "Audi ceramic" carbon fibre-reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) composite front and rear brakes are available, which use radially vented, and floating SGL Carbon discs, with anthracite grey painted twelve-piston fixed Brembo monobloc alloy calipers. Standard alloy wheels consist of 20-inch "S design" alloy wheels.

Engine variants

engine[22] Power, Torque @ rpm 0–100 km/h
(0–62 mph) 		max speed
displacement type
2.8 (2773 cc) V6 FSI 210 PS (154 kW; 207 bhp); 280 N⋅m (210 lb⋅ft) @3000 8.0 sec 237 km/h (147.3 mph)
3.0 (2976 cc) V6 220 PS (162 kW; 217 bhp); 300 N⋅m (220 lb⋅ft) @3200 7.9 sec 241 km/h (149.8 mph)
3.2 (3123 cc) V6 FSI 256 PS (188 kW; 252 bhp); 330 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft) @3250 7.7 sec 250 km/h (155.3 mph)
3.7 (3697 cc) V8 280 PS (206 kW; 276 bhp); 360 N⋅m (270 lb⋅ft) @3750 7.3 sec 250 km/h (155.3 mph)
4.2 (4172 cc) V8 340 PS (250 kW; 335 bhp); 430 N⋅m (320 lb⋅ft) @3500 6.4 sec 250 km/h (155.3 mph)
4.2 (4172 cc) V8 FSI 350 PS (257 kW; 345 bhp); 440 N⋅m (320 lb⋅ft) @3500 6.1 sec 250 km/h (155.3 mph)
5.2 (5,204 cc) V10 FSI 450 PS (331 kW; 444 bhp); 540 N⋅m (400 lb⋅ft) @3500 5.1 sec 250 km/h (155.3 mph)
6.0 (5998 cc) W12 450 PS (331 kW; 444 bhp); 580 N⋅m (430 lb⋅ft) @4700 5.1 sec 250 km/h (155.3 mph)
3.0 (2967 cc) V6 TDI 233 PS (171 kW; 230 bhp); 450 N⋅m (330 lb⋅ft) @3250 7.8 sec 243 km/h (151.0 mph)
3.0 (2967 cc) V6 TDI (Quattro) 250 PS (184 kW; 247 bhp); 550 N⋅m (410 lb⋅ft) @3250 7.9 sec 249 km/h (154.7 mph)
4.0 (3936 cc) V8 TDI 275 PS (202 kW; 271 bhp); 650 N⋅m (480 lb⋅ft) @1800 6.7 sec 250 km/h (155.3 mph)
4.2 (4134 cc) V8 TDI 326 PS (240 kW; 322 bhp); 650 N⋅m (480 lb⋅ft) @1600 5.9 sec 250 km/h (155.3 mph)

In North America, only the 4.2 V8, 5.2 V10, and 6.0 W12 petrol engines are available. The 4.0 TDI was discontinued when the 4.2 TDI was introduced.

Third generation (D4, Typ 4H; 2009–present)

Initial release

Third generation (D4)
Overview
Production2010–present
AssemblyGermany: Neckarsulm
DesignerChristian Winkelmann (2007)
Body and chassis
PlatformAudi MLP
Powertrain
Enginepetrol engines:
2.0 I4 TFSI
2.5 V6 FSI (China)
3.0 V6 TFSI
4.0 V8 TFSI
4.2 V8 FSI
6.3 W12 FSI
diesel engines:
3.0 V6 TDI
4.2 V8 TDI
Transmission8-speed ZF 8HP[23] tiptronic automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,992 mm (117.8 in) (standard wheelbase)
Length5,131 mm (202.0 in) (standard wheelbase)
Width1,948 mm (76.7 in)
Height1,461 mm (57.5 in)
Kerb weight2,000 kg (4,409.2 lb) A8 4.2L
2,020 kg (4,453.3 lb) A8 L 4.2L
2,165 kg (4,773.0 lb) A8 L 6.3L

A8 (2010-)

The third-generation Audi A8 (Typ 4H) was unveiled in Design Miami 2009 on 30 November 2009.[24][25] It is based on the Volkswagen Group MLB platform, but retains the Audi Space Frame aluminium construction of the previous A8, making it the lightest all-wheel drive car in the full-size luxury segment, while also giving it best-in-class fuel economy.[26][27] The quattro all-wheel drive system splits torque with a default bias of 40 percent front and 60 percent rear.

Interior

Early models include A8 4.2 FSI quattro (372PS), A8 3.0 TDI quattro (250PS), A8 4.2 TDI quattro (350PS).[28] A8 3.0 TDI (204PS) was added later.[29]

Initial internal combustion engine options comprise 4.2-litre Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) petrol and Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) diesel V8s, with 273 kW (366 hp) and 258 kW (346 hp) respectively. A 3.0-litre V6 TDI with either 184 kilowatts (247 hp) or 150 kilowatts (201 hp) will be available later. A 6.3-litre W12 engine only for the long wheelbase model was made available in 2010, and compared to its predecessor it has a larger displacement and direct fuel injection.[30] All engines are mated to the new eight-speed ZF 8HP automatic transmission. Although other Audi vehicles such as the 2010 Audi S4 and 2011 Audi A7 had switched from the 4.2L V8 to the 3.0L supercharged V6, the Audi A8 retained a higher-output 4.2L V8 as the base engine for the 2011 and 2012 model years in North America.

A8 L (2010-present)

German models went on sale in fall 2010. Early models include 3.0 TFSI quattro (290PS), 4.2 FSI quattro (372PS), W12 6.3 FSI quattro (500PS), 3.0 TDI quattro (250PS), 4.2 TDI quattro (350PS).[31]

A8 hybrid concept (2010)

The concept vehicle includes 2.0 TFSI engine rated 211 PS (155 kW; 208 bhp) and 350 N⋅m (258.15 lbf⋅ft)@1500–4200 rpm, a disc-shaped electric motor rated 45 PS (33 kW; 44 bhp) and 211 N⋅m (155.63 lbf⋅ft), lithium-ion battery, luggage space of 400 liters (14.13 cubic feet), 21-inch wheels with 265/35 tires, Prism Silver body colour with Spectra Flair accent colour, 'hybrid' lettering on both front fenders, illuminated doorsteps with 'hybrid' insignia.[32][33]

A8 L long-term evolution broadband prototype (2011)

It is a version of A8 L demonstrating long-term evolution (LTE) broadband technology. Developed in collaboration with Alcatel-Lucent, the car's mobile broadband connection is a fourth generation (‘4G’) technology with data transfer speeds of up to 100Mbit/s.[34][35]

During the 2011 Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, Rupert Stadler, Chairman of the Board of Management of AUDI AG, announced that LTE technology would be used in cars by early 2011. The A8 L prototype was unveiled weeks later.[36]

A8 L Security (2011–present)

The A8 L Security features a core safety cell made from hot-formed armoured steel, aramide fabric, ceramics, special alloyed aluminium and multilayer glass. The car receives a high level of armouring, an emergency exit system, and a ballistic protection rating of VR7 – strong enough to, according to Audi, withstand a military hand grenade attack.[37] In certain areas, the armouring on the Audi A8 L Security complies with the criteria for class VR 9 and VR 10.

First model included a W12 engine rated 368 kW (500 PS) and 625 N⋅m (461 lbf⋅ft), with delivery began in late summer 2011. An additional engine model with improved fuel efficiency went on sale in 2012.[38]

The vehicle was unveiled in 2011 Geneva Motor Show.[39]

A8 hybrid (2012–present)

2010 Audi A8 Hybrid D4
2011 Audi A8 Hybrid D4
2011 Audi A8 L W12 quattro tiptronic in phantomblack
2011 Audi A8 L W12 quattro tiptronic in phantomblack
2012 Audi S8 D4
2012 Audi S8 D4

Production version included electric motor rated 40 kW (54 PS) and 210 N⋅m (155 lbf⋅ft), 1.3 kW (1.8 PS; 1.7 hp) lithium-ion battery. Pure electric mode is available for 3 kilometres (2 mi) at top speed of 100 km/h (62 mph). It went on sale in 2012.[40][41]

A8 L W12 Audi exclusive concept

It is a limited (50 units) version of A8 L W12 with seats upholstered in Cognac-colored leather by Poltrona Frau, inlays made from the wood olive ash natural, light gray-brown veneer, sill trims with "Audi exclusive concept" lettering, deep-pile carpeting.

The vehicle was unveiled in 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show.[42]

A8 L hybrid

The long wheelbase version of A8 hybrid was unveiled in 2010 Beijing Auto Show.[43]

S8 4.0 TFSI quattro (2012-)

The D4 series Audi S8 4.0 TFSI quattro will go on sale in 2012. Like the previous iteration, the upcoming S8 is expected to cost less than the A8 L W12.[44][45]

The S8 can accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 62 mph) in 4.2 seconds. It is powered by a 4.0-litre TFSI biturbo V8 engine with 382 kW (512 hp). The engine utilises cylinder deactivation so it can run as a V4 for better fuel economy.[44] The S8's engine is shared with the Bentley Continental GT, while a detuned variant of the engine makes 420 hp which is found in the 2013 Audi S6, Audi S7, and Audi A8. Direct competitors include the BMW Alpina B7 and Mercedes-Benz S63 AMG, which also have biturbo V8 engines.[46][47]

The vehicle was unveiled in 2011 Frankfurt Auto Show, and went on sale in spring 2012.[48]

Engines

Petrol engines
Model Years Type Power @ rpm Torque @ rpm Acceleration 0–100 km/h (62 mph)(sec) max speed
A8 2.0 TFSI hybrid 2012– 1,984 cc (121.1 cu in) I4 turbo 211 PS (155 kW; 208 bhp)@? 350 N⋅m (258.15 lbf⋅ft)@1500–4200 7.7 235 km/h (146.0 mph)
electric motor, 1.3 kWh lithium-ion battery 54 PS (40 kW; 53 bhp)@? 210 N⋅m (154.89 lbf⋅ft)@?
combined 245 PS (180 kW; 242 bhp)@? 480 N⋅m (354.03 lbf⋅ft)@?
A8(L) 3.0 TFSI quattro (290PS) 2010– 2,995 cc (182.8 cu in) V6 supercharged 290 PS (213 kW; 286 bhp)@4850–6500 420 N⋅m (310 lb⋅ft) @2500–4850 6.1/6.2 250 km/h (155.3 mph) (limited)
A8(L) 3.0 TFSI quattro (333PS) 2012– 2,995 cc (182.8 cu in) V6 supercharged 333 PS (245 kW; 328 bhp)@5500-6500 440 N⋅m (325 lb⋅ft)@2900-5300 5.5 250 km/h (155.3 mph) (limited)
A8 (L) 4.0 TFSI quattro (North America) 2012?– 3,991 cc (243.5 cu in) V8 twin turbo 420 PS (309 kW; 414 bhp) @5000 602 N⋅m (444 lb⋅ft) @1500 4.7/4.8 250 km/h (155.3 mph) (limited)
A8 (L) 4.0 TFSI quattro[49] 2012– 3,993 cc (243.7 cu in) V8 twin turbo 420 PS (309 kW; 414 bhp) @5000 600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft) @1500-4500 4.6/4.7 250 km/h (155.3 mph) (limited)
A8(L) 4.2 FSI quattro 2010–2012 4,163 cc (254.0 cu in) V8 372 PS (274 kW; 367 bhp) @6800 445 N⋅m (328 lb⋅ft) @3500 5.7 250 km/h (155.3 mph) (limited)
A8 L W12 quattro 2010– 6,299 cc (384.4 cu in) W12 500 PS (368 kW; 493 bhp)@6200 625 N⋅m (461 lb⋅ft) @3250 (2010–2011)
625 N⋅m (461 lb⋅ft) @4750 (2012-)
 4.9 (2010)
4.7 (2011-)		 250 km/h (155.3 mph) (limited)
A8 L W12 quattro (North America) 2010– 6,299 cc (384.4 cu in) W12 500 PS (368 kW; 493 bhp)@6200 628 N⋅m (463 lb⋅ft) @4750 (2012-) 4.4 (2012-) 250 km/h (155.3 mph) (limited)
A8 L Security W12 quattro 2011– 6,299 cc (384.4 cu in) W12 500 PS (368 kW; 493 bhp) 625 N⋅m (461 lb⋅ft) @4750 7.3 210 km/h (130.5 mph)
S8 4.0 TFSI quattro 2012– 3,993 cc (243.7 cu in) V8 twin turbo 520 PS (382 kW; 513 bhp)@6000 650 N⋅m (479 lb⋅ft) @1700–5500 4.2 250 km/h (155.3 mph) (limited)
Common rail Diesel engines
Model Years Type Power @ rpm Torque @ rpm Acceleration 0–100 km/h (62 mph)(sec) max speed
A8 3.0 TDI (204PS) 2011– 2,967 cc (181.1 cu in) V6 turbo 204 PS (150 kW; 201 bhp) @3750–4500 400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) @1250–3500 8.0 235 km/h (146.0 mph)
A8(L) 3.0 TDI quattro (250PS) 2010– 2,967 cc (181.1 cu in) V6 turbo 250 PS (184 kW; 247 bhp) @4000–4500 550 N⋅m (406 lb⋅ft) @1500–3000 6.1/6.2 250 km/h (155.3 mph) (limited)
A8(L) 3.0 TDI clean diesel quattro (250PS) 2010?– 2,967 cc (181.1 cu in) V6 turbo 250 PS (184 kW; 247 bhp) @4000–4500 550 N⋅m (406 lb⋅ft) @1500–3000 6.1/6.2 250 km/h (155.3 mph) (limited)
A8(L) 4.2 TDI quattro 2010– 4,134 cc (252.3 cu in) V8 turbo 350 PS (257 kW; 345 bhp) @4000 800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft) @1750–2750 5.5/5.6 250 km/h (155.3 mph) (limited)

Equipment

The D4 A8 features all light-emitting diode (LED) headlights, an enhanced Multi Media Interface with touchpad, and an optional 1,400 watt Bang & Olufsen sound system.

Optional A8 features include a driver assistance system networked using FlexRay technology.[50] The GPS navigation system coordinates input to the adaptive headlights, transmission, cruise control and electronic stability control.[51][52] The A8 also offers an optional driver control system for numerous sub-systems, marketed as MMI (Multi Media Interface) which can recognise handwriting inputs for the phone and navigation system and provide 3D navigation with Google Earth.,[53] optional night vision assistant with pedestrian recognition,[52] and mobile broadband internet access with UMTS 3G and WLAN-Hotspot[54]

2013 model year update

Early German A8 models include 3.0 TFSI quattro (290PS), 4.0 TFSI quattro (420PS), 3.0 TDI (204PS), 3.0 TDI quattro (250PS), 3.0 TDI clean diesel quattro (250PS), 4.2 TDI quattro (350PS), A8 L W12 quattro (500PS), A8 hybrid 2.0 TFSI. Early German A8 L Security models include 4.0 TFSI quattro, W12 6.3 FSI quattro.[55]

The updated A8 uses LED headlight technology, with automatic high beam lighting, Osram supplies the LEDs while Hella supplies the headlamp itself.[56]

Early US models include A8(L) 3.0 TFSI quattro (333PS), A8(L) 4.0 TFSI quattro, S8 4.0 TFSI quattro, A8 L W12 6.3 FSI quattro. A8 3.0 TFSI quattro and A8 4.0 TFSI quattro replaced the A8 4.2 FSI quattro.[57] A8 3.0 TDI clean diesel quattro (240PS) was unveiled in 2012 L.A. Auto Show, and was set to go on sale in Spring 2013 as 2014 model year vehicle.[58] A8 L 3.0 TDI clean diesel quattro (240PS) was set to go on sale in Spring 2013 on sale as 2014 model year vehicle.[59]

Engines

Petrol engines
Model Years Type Power@rpm Torque@rpm Acceleration 0–100 km/h (62 mph)(sec) max speed
A8 2.0 TFSI hybrid 2012– 1,984 cc (121.1 cu in) I4 turbo 211 PS (155 kW; 208 bhp)@4300-6000 350 N⋅m (258.15 lbf⋅ft)@1500–4200 7.7 235 km/h (146.0 mph)
electric motor, 1.3 kWh lithium-ion battery 54 PS (40 kW; 53 bhp)@? 210 N⋅m (154.89 lbf⋅ft)@?
combined 245 PS (180 kW; 242 bhp)@? 480 N⋅m (354.03 lbf⋅ft)@?
A8 L 2.0 TFSI hybrid 2013– 1,984 cc (121.1 cu in) I4 turbo 211 PS (155 kW; 208 bhp)@4300-6000 350 N⋅m (258.15 lbf⋅ft)@1500–4200 7.9 228 km/h (141.7 mph)
electric motor, 1.3 kWh lithium-ion battery 54 PS (40 kW; 53 bhp)@? 210 N⋅m (154.89 lbf⋅ft)@?
combined 245 PS (180 kW; 242 bhp)@? 480 N⋅m (354.03 lbf⋅ft)@?
A8 (L) 3.0 TFSI quattro (290PS) 2012– 2,995 cc (182.8 cu in) V6 supercharged 290 PS (213 kW; 286 bhp)@4850–6500 420 N⋅m (310 lb⋅ft) @2500–4850 6.1/6.2 250 km/h (155.3 mph) (limited)
A8 (L) 3.0 TFSI quattro (333PS) 2012– 2,995 cc (182.8 cu in) V6 supercharged 333 PS (245 kW; 328 bhp)@5500-6500 440 N⋅m (325 lb⋅ft)@2900-5300 5.5/5.5 250 km/h (155.3 mph) (limited)
A8 (L) 3.0 TFSI quattro (333PS) (North America) 2012– 2,995 cc (182.8 cu in) V6 supercharged 333 PS (245 kW; 328 bhp)@5500-6500 440 N⋅m (325 lb⋅ft)@2900-5300 5.5/5.5 210 km/h (130.5 mph) (limited)
A8 (L) 4.0 TFSI quattro[49] 2012– 3,993 cc (243.7 cu in) V8 twin turbo 420 PS (309 kW; 414 bhp) @5000 600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft) @1500-4500 4.6/4.7 250 km/h (155.3 mph) (limited)
A8 (L) 4.0 TFSI quattro (North America) 2012– 3,991 cc (243.5 cu in) V8 twin turbo 420 PS (309 kW; 414 bhp)@5000 602 N⋅m (444 lb⋅ft) @1500 4.7/4.8 210 km/h (130.5 mph) (limited)
A8 L W12 6.3 FSI quattro 2012– 6,299 cc (384.4 cu in) W12 500 PS (368 kW; 493 bhp)@6200 625 N⋅m (461 lb⋅ft)@4750 4.7 250 km/h (155.3 mph) (limited)
A8 L W12 6.3 FSI quattro (North America) 2012– 6,299 cc (384.4 cu in) W12 500 PS (368 kW; 493 bhp)@6200 628 N⋅m (463 lb⋅ft)@4750 4.4 210 km/h (130.5 mph) (limited)
A8 L Security 4.0 TFSI quattro 2012– 3,993 cc (243.7 cu in) V8 twin turbo? ? ? ? ?
A8 L Security W12 6.3 FSI quattro 2012– 6,299 cc (384.4 cu in) W12 500 PS (368 kW; 493 bhp)? 625 N⋅m (461 lb⋅ft)@4750? 7.3? 210 km/h (130.5 mph)?
S8 4.0 TFSI quattro 2012– 3,993 cc (243.7 cu in) V8 twin turbo 520 PS (382 kW; 513 bhp)@6000 650 N⋅m (479 lb⋅ft)@1700–5500 4.2 250 km/h (155.3 mph) (limited)
S8 4.0 TFSI quattro (North America) 2012– 3,993 cc (243.7 cu in) V8 twin turbo 520 PS (382 kW; 513 bhp)@6000 650 N⋅m (479 lb⋅ft)@1700–5500 4.1 250 km/h (155.3 mph) (limited)
Common rail Diesel engines
Model Years Type Power@rpm Torque@rpm Acceleration 0–100 km/h (62 mph)(sec) max speed
A8 3.0 TDI (204PS) 2012– 2,967 cc (181.1 cu in) V6 turbo 204 PS (150 kW; 201 bhp) @3750–4500 400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft)@1250–3500 7.9 235 km/h (146.0 mph)
A8 (L) 3.0 TDI quattro (250PS) 2012– 2,967 cc (181.1 cu in) V6 turbo 250 PS (184 kW; 247 bhp)@4000–4500 550 N⋅m (406 lb⋅ft)@1500–3000 6.1/6.2 250 km/h (155.3 mph) (limited)
A8 (L) 3.0 TDI clean diesel quattro (240PS) (North America) 2013– 2,967 cc (181.1 cu in) V6 turbo? 240 PS (177 kW; 237 bhp)@? 550 N⋅m (406 lb⋅ft)@1500–3000? 6.4?/6.4? 250 km/h (155.3 mph)?
A8 (L) 3.0 TDI clean diesel quattro (250PS) 2012– 2,967 cc (181.1 cu in) V6 turbo 250 PS (184 kW; 247 bhp)@4000–4500 550 N⋅m (406 lb⋅ft)@1500–3000 6.1/6.2 250 km/h (155.3 mph) (limited)
A8 (L) 4.2 TDI quattro 2012– 4,134 cc (252.3 cu in) V8 turbo 350 PS (257 kW; 345 bhp)@4000 800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft)@1750–2750 5.5/5.6 250 km/h (155.3 mph) (limited)

Transmission

All models include 8-speed tiptronic transmission.

2014 model year update

A8, S8, A8 Audi exclusive concept, A8 hybrid (2013-)

Changes include additional noise damping, altered trunk layout with optional power trunk closing assist, headlights with optional Matrix LED technology, flatter rear LED lights joined together by a continuous chrome strip, redesigned bumper houses two rhomboid tailpipes (except S8), available wheel sizes up to 21 inches with 275/35-series tires, optional sport differential (standard on S8 and A8 4.2 TDI clean diesel quattro), standard electromechanical power steering (optional dynamic steering varies its ratio with the car's speed), new assistance systems (Audi active lane assist, park assist system with 360° display, night vision assistant).

Changes to Audi A8 L W12 quattro include Active Noise Cancellation (ANC) in the W12, cylinder on demand with six-cylinder mode.

A8 Audi exclusive concept is a limited (50 units) version of A8 L W12 quattro with interior leather upholstery from Italian furniture manufacturer Poltrona Frau in the color Agatha cognac, inlays are made of fine grain olive ash natural silver brown, Tierra Del Fuego body colour.

Audi S8 includes four-cylinder mode with ANC, two elliptical dual tailpipes, dynamic steering, sport differential, adaptive air suspension sport with an S-specific setup, 20-inch wheels, S8 emblems on front brake calipers, optional Audi design selection black/vermont brown with Carbon twill copper inlays.

Audi A8 hybrid includes a custom Audi luggage set for the trunk.

The vehicles were unveiled in 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show.

German models arrive at German dealerships in November 2013. Early A8 models include 3.0 TFSI quattro (310PS), 4.0 TFSI quattro (435PS), 3.0 TDI quattro clean diesel (258PS), 4.2 TDI clean diesel quattro (385PS), A8 L W12 quattro (500PS), A8 hybrid 2.0 TFSI (211/245PS), S8 4.0 TFSI quattro (520PS).[60][61]

Engines

Petrol engines
Model Years Type Power, torque@rpm
A8 (L) 2.0 TFSI hybrid 2013- 1,984 cc (121.1 cu in) I4 turbo 211 PS (155 kW; 208 bhp)@4300-6000, 350 N⋅m (258.15 lbf⋅ft)@1500-4200
electric motor, 1.3 kWh lithium-ion battery 54 PS (40 kW; 53 bhp)@?, 210 N⋅m (154.89 lbf⋅ft)@?
combined 245 PS (180 kW; 242 bhp)@?, 480 N⋅m (354.03 lbf⋅ft)@?
A8 (L) 3.0 TFSI quattro (310PS) 2013- 2,995 cc (182.8 cu in) V6 supercharged 310 PS (228 kW; 306 bhp)@5200-6500, 440 N⋅m (325 lb⋅ft) @2900-4750
A8 (L) 4.0 TFSI quattro 2013- 3,993 cc (243.7 cu in) V8 twin turbo 435 PS (320 kW; 429 bhp)@5100-6000, 600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft)@1500-5000
A8 L W12 6.3 FSI quattro 2013- 6,299 cc (384.4 cu in) W12 500 PS (368 kW; 493 bhp)@6200, 625 N⋅m (461 lb⋅ft)@4750
S8 4.0 TFSI quattro 2013- 3,993 cc (243.7 cu in) V8 twin turbo 520 PS (382 kW; 513 bhp)@6000, 650 N⋅m (479 lb⋅ft)@1700–5500
Diesel engines
Model Years Type Power, torque@rpm
A8 (L) 3.0 TDI clean diesel quattro (258PS) 2013- 2,967 cc (181.1 cu in) V6 turbo 258 PS (190 kW; 254 bhp)@4000–4250, 580 N⋅m (428 lb⋅ft)@1750-2500
A8 (L) 4.2 TDI clean diesel quattro (385PS) 2013- 4,134 cc (252.3 cu in) V8 turbo 385 PS (283 kW; 380 bhp)@3750, 850 N⋅m (627 lb⋅ft)@2000–2750

Transmission

All models include 8-speed tiptronic transmission.

Production

Year Units
2001[62] 11,708
2002[62] 10,942
2003[63] 21,748
2004[63] 22,429
2005[64] 21,509
2006[64] 22,468
2007[65] 22,182
2008[65] 20,140
2009[66] 8,599
2010[66] 22,435
2011 38,542
2012[67] 35,932

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  56. ^ http://www.autonews.com/article/20130915/OEM06/309169996/osram-youll-see-more-led-headlights#axzz2f47AV8Ac
  57. ^ Audi adds 420-HP 4.0T V8 to A8, upgraded 3.0L TDI to Q7 for 2013
  58. ^ Audi confirms four new TDI diesel models headed for US
  59. ^ Audi prices 2014 A8L TDI from $82,500*
  60. ^ More composed than ever – the new Audi A8
  61. ^ 2015 Audi A8 rises to meet the challenge
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  63. ^ a b "Kom_engl_2602_1320.qxd" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 January 2011. Retrieved 2011-02-02. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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  65. ^ a b "Volkswagen AG Annual Report 2008" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 January 2011. Retrieved 2011-02-02. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  66. ^ a b http://www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/vwcorp/info_center/en/publications/2010/03/Annual_Report_2009.-bin.acq/qual-BinaryStorageItem.Single.File/Y_2009_e.pdf
  67. ^ http://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/info_center/en/publications/2013/03/Y_2012_e.bin.html/binarystorageitem/file/GB+2012_e.pdf
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