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{{about|the music genre|the nickel-iron alloy|Mu-metal}}
{{about|the music genre|the nickel-iron alloy|Mu-metal}}
{{Infobox music genre
{{Infobox music genre
| name = Nu metal
| name = Nu Metal
| color = white
| color = white
| bgcolor = #BB0022
| bgcolor = #BB0022
| stylistic_origins = [[Heavy metal music|Heavy metal]], [[alternative metal]], [[groove metal]], [[rap metal]], [[industrial metal]], [[funk metal]], [[thrash metal]], [[grunge]], {{nowrap|[[hardcore punk]]}}, [[hip hop music|hip hop]]<!-- Do not add, remove or re-arrange genres. It is currently stable like this. -->
| stylistic_origins = [[Heavy metal music|Heavy Metal]], [[Alternative Metal]], [[Groove Metal]], [[Rap Metal]], [[Industrial metal]], [[Funk Metal]], [[Thrash Metal]], [[Grunge]], {{nowrap|[[Hardcore Punk]]}}, [[hip hop music|Hip Hop]]<!-- Do not add, remove or re-arrange genres. It is currently stable like this. -->
| cultural_origins = Early-mid-1990s, [[United States]]
| cultural_origins = Early-mid-1990s, [[United States]]
| instruments = [[Electric guitar]], [[bass guitar|bass]], [[drum kit|drums]], [[turntables]], [[synthesizer]], [[sampling (music)|sampling]], [[singing|vocals]], [[screaming (music)|screaming]], [[rapping]], [[death growl|growling]]
| instruments = [[Electric guitar]], [[bass guitar|bass]], [[drum kit|drums]], [[turntables]], [[synthesizer]], [[sampling (music)|sampling]], [[singing|vocals]], [[screaming (music)|screaming]], [[rapping]], [[death growl|growling]]

Revision as of 11:25, 22 November 2013

This article is about the music genre. For the nickel-iron alloy, see Mu-metal.
Nu Metal
Stylistic originsHeavy Metal, Alternative Metal, Groove Metal, Rap Metal, Industrial metal, Funk Metal, Thrash Metal, Grunge, Hardcore Punk, Hip Hop
Cultural originsEarly-mid-1990s, United States
Typical instrumentsElectric guitar, bass, drums, turntables, synthesizer, sampling, vocals, screaming, rapping, growling
Regional scenes
California, Midwestern United States, Florida
Other topics
List of nu metal bands, alternative metal

Nu metal (also known as nü-metal[1] or aggro-metal,[2][3]) is a subgenre[4] of heavy metal music.[1][5][6][7] It is a fusion genre[6] which combines sounds, influences and characteristics of heavy metal and its subgenres such as groove metal,[6] thrash metal[8] and alternative metal[2] with other genres, including hip hop, grunge, hardcore punk, funk and industrial.[2][9][10] It is classed as part of alternative metal.[2][11] Notable nu metal bands include Korn, Limp Bizkit, Deftones and Slipknot.

Origins

Alternative metal, funk metal, rap metal and industrial metal bands of the 1980s and 1990s including Faith No More, Mr. Bungle, Red Hot Chili Peppers (One Hot Minute era), Jane's Addiction, Tool, Primus, Rage Against the Machine, Helmet, Nine Inch Nails and Ministry have been identified as laying groundwork for the development of nu metal, such as combining aggressive riffs with pop structures and drawing influence from a variety of genres within and outside of heavy metal music.[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]

Groove metal and thrash metal bands of the same era such as Pantera, Sepultura, Metallica[8] and Anthrax have also been cited as influential to nu metal.[2][18][21][22] Anthrax pioneered the rap metal sound by fusing hip hop with metal on their EP I'm the Man.[23]

Characteristics

Bands associated with nu metal have derived influence from a variety of diverse styles, including electronic music, funk, glam metal, gothic rock, hardcore punk, hip hop, industrial metal, jazz, post-punk, symphonic rock and synthpop.[2][6][9][24][25] Nu metal also derives influences from multiple sub-genres of heavy metal including rap metal, funk metal, alternative metal and thrash metal.[2][6][9]

Nu metal music is largely syncopated and based on guitar riffs.[1] Mid-song bridges and a general lack of guitar solos contrasts it with other genres that part of heavy metal,[1] in which guitar solos play a major role. Another contrast with other genres that are part of metal is its emphasis on rhythm, tending towards groove metal in rhythm.[6] Similarities with many heavy metal sub-genres include its use of common time, distorted guitars, power chords and note structures primarily revolving around Dorian, Aeolian or Phrygian modes.[1]

Nu metal band Slipknot, who are known for their use of costumes and masks, performing in Buenos Aires in 2005

Many nu metal bands use seven-string guitars (which are sometimes downtuned[7] to increase heaviness) over traditional six-string guitars.[9] This results in bass guitarists using five-string and six string instruments.[9] DJs are also sometimes used for additional rhythmic instrumentation such as music sampling, turntable scratching and electronic backgrounds.[9]

Nu metal is also sometimes noted for participation of women in the genre in contrast to other metal genres,[26] including bands such as Coal Chamber,[27] Otep[28] and the all-female band Kittie.[29]

Nu metal vocal styles range between singing, rapping, screaming and death growling, sometimes using multiple of these styles within one song. The lyrics of many nu metal bands focus on pain and personal alienation, similar to that of grunge,[30] rather than the themes of other metal subgenres.[9][25] Nu metal uses the traditional pop structure of verses, choruses and bridges, contrasting it with other metal genres such as thrash and death metal.[31]

Trevor Baker of The Guardian wrote "Bands such as Linkin Park, Korn and even the much reviled Limp Bizkit also, incidentally, did far more to break down the artificial barriers between "urban music" and rock than any of their more critically acceptable counterparts. Their concerts also drew huge numbers of women which is much more than you could say for any old-metal band."[32] Nu metal fashion can include baggy shirts, sports jerseys and jackets, basketball singlets and shorts, hoodies, cargo pants, sweatpants, dreadlocks, spiky hair, body piercings, tattoos, long hair, jumpsuits and sweatsuits.[33][34][35][36]

History

Early development

The origins of the term are often attributed to the work of producer Ross Robinson, sometimes called "The Godfather of Nu Metal".[12] Many of the first nu metal bands came from California,[37] like Korn, which pioneered the nu metal sound with the release of their demo album in 1993,[38] and Deftones. Other influential bands are Staind from Massachusetts, Limp Bizkit from Florida,[11] and Slipknot from Iowa. The aggressive riffs of Korn, the rapping of Limp Bizkit, and the acoustic ballads of Staind created the sonic template for nu metal.[11]

In 1994 Korn's debut single "Blind"'s music video received airplay on MTV, exposing nu metal to a wider audience in a time when grunge dominated. Nu metal continued to achieve recognition through MTV and Ozzy Osbourne's 1995 introduction of Ozzfest, which led the media to talk of a resurgence of heavy metal.[39] Ozzfest was integral to launching the careers of several nu metal bands, including Limp Bizkit in 1998.[40]

Deftones in 2007

Deftones, a nu metal band from California, released an their album Around the Fur which peaked at #29 on The Billboard 200, remaining there for seventeen weeks and sold 43,000 copies in its first week of release.[41][42] Around the Fur as well as the band's Adrenaline album both were certified gold in the summer of 1999.The album was RIAA certified gold on July 7, 1999 in recognition of 500,000 units sold.[43] The nu metal band Coal Chamber's self-titled debut peaked at #10 on The Billboard 200[44] and the band's single covering Peter Gabriel titled Shock the Monkey from their album Chamber Music peaked #26 on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.[45] Their self-titled debut has been certified Gold by the RIAA, with an excess of 500,000 copies in the United States.[46]

Mainstream popularity

Korn helped break nu metal into the mainstream.

1998 is generally recognized as the year nu metal broke into the mainstream, with Korn's third album Follow the Leader becoming a multi-platinum smash hit and paving the way for other nu metal bands.[32] By this point most nu metal bands were playing a combination of heavy metal, hip hop, industrial, grunge and hardcore punk.[2] Established artists such as Sepultura,[47][48] Slayer,[49] Vanilla Ice,[48][50] Primus,[51][52] Fear Factory[48] and Machine Head[53] released albums which drew from the style. In Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal, Ian Christie wrote that the genre demonstrated that "pancultural metal could pay off".[54]

In 1999, Slipknot, a nu metal band from Iowa, emerged with an extremely heavy sound, releasing their debut album which has gone on to sell over 2 million copies in the United States alone,[55] with Rick Anderson of Allmusic writing "You thought Limp Bizkit was hard? They're the Osmonds. These guys are something else entirely."[56] Limp Bizkit's second album Significant Other, released in 1999, reached number 1 on the Billboard 200, selling 643,874 copies in its first week of release.[57] In its second week, the album sold 335,000 copies.[57]

Limp Bizkit in 2009

Sevendust, a nu metal band from Atlanta, Georgia, released their second album Home in 1999 and it peaked at #19 on The Billboard 200 in September and remained there for fourteen weeks and #16 on the Top Internet Albums chart.[58][59] Home was certified gold on May 18, 2000 through the Recording Industry Association of America.[60] Their song from the album titled Denial peaked at #14 on the Mainstream Rock chart.[61]

In 1999, the nu metal band Staind's album Dysfunction had popular singles such as Mudshovel which reached number 14 on the Modern Rock Charts[62] and number 10 on the Mainstream Rock charts.[62] Kittie's debut album Spit debut was certified gold.[63] In 2000, Limp Bizkit's follow-up album Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water, set a record for highest week-one sales of a rock album with over one million copies sold in the U.S. in its first week of release, with 400,000 of those sales coming on its first day, making it the fastest-selling rock album ever, breaking the world record held for seven years by Pearl Jam's Vs.[64] That same year, Papa Roach's major label debut Infest, and Disturbed's The Sickness became platinum hits.[65] The nu metal band Soulfly's Primitive album from 2000 sold over 226,569 copies in the early 2000s.[66]

In 2000, the nu metal band P.O.D.'s album The Fundamental Elements of Southtown went platinum[67] and was the 143rd best-selling album of 2000.[68] Late in 2000, Linkin Park released their debut album Hybrid Theory, which remains both the best-selling debut album by any artist in the 21st century, and the best-selling nu metal album of all time.[69] The album was also the best-selling album in all genres in 2001, offsetting sales by prominent pop acts like Backstreet Boys and N'Sync,[70] earning the band a Grammy Award for their second single "Crawling",[71] with the fourth single, "In the End", released late in 2001, becoming one of the most recognized songs in the first decade of the 21st century.[72][73] During the same year, the band Mudvayne's debut L.D. 50 peaked at No. 1 on the Billboard Top Heatseekers chart and No. 85 on the Billboard 200.[74] In 2001 Staind's third album Break The Cycle debuted at number 1 on the Billboard 200 with first week sales of 716,003 copies.[75]

That same year, Slipknot released their second album Iowa which peaked at number 3 on the Billboard 200,[76] going on to sell over a million copies In the United States,[77] critic John Mulvey proclaimed the album as the "absolute triumph of nu metal".[78] Also that year was Saliva's Every Six Seconds which was also a commercial success, debuting at no. 6 on the Billboard 200. In 2001, the band P.O.D.'s Satellite album went triple platinum[79] and peaked at #6 on the Billboard 200 chart.[80] The band Drowning Pool released a nu metal album[81] titled Sinner which was released in 2001 had peaked at #14 on the Billboard 200 and its smash single named "Bodies" peaked at #6 on the Mainstream Rock chart.[82] It went platinum after six weeks of its release and its song "Bodies" became some of the most frequently played videos on MTV for new bands.[83] The nu metal band Alien Ant Farm's album Anthology peaked at no. 1 on the Top Heatseekers chart[84] and no. 11 on the Billboard 200.[85] The album has been certified Platinum in the United States for sales of over 1,000,000 units.[86]

Decline in popularity

In 2002, critics began claiming that nu metal's mainstream popularity was declining,[87][88] citing the fact that Korn's long awaited fifth album Untouchables, and Saliva's third album Back Into Your System, did not sell as well as their previous releases, and nu metal bands were played less frequently on radio stations and MTV began focusing on pop punk, metalcore and emo.[89]

However, nu metal ended up having its popularity saved. Taproot's album Welcome peaked at no. 17 on the Billboard 200[90] and had a smash hit called "Poem" which peaked at no. 5 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.[91] Evanescence's debut album Fallen, was also released on March 2003. Many critics noted the nu metal sound of the album,[92][93] whose Grammy Award-winning lead single "Bring Me to Life"[94][95] was compared favorably to Linkin Park's style. By the end of 2003, Linkin Park's Meteora and Evanescence's Fallen ranked third and fourth respectively in the best-selling albums of 2003,[96] and would go on to sell nearly 35 million copies between them as of 2012.[97][98] Both bands released high-charting singles throughout 2003 to mid-2004.[73][99] Also in 2003, Korn and Limp Bizkit released their new albums Take a Look in the Mirror and Results May Vary, both of which sold considerably less than their previous efforts. Korn went on to admit Take a Look in the Mirror was rushed, while readers of Guitar World magazine named Limp Bizkit, along with the post-grunge band Creed "worst band of 2003".[100] In 2005, Linkin Park's Hybrid Theory received a diamond certification by the RIAA for shipment of ten million copies.[101]

By the mid-2000s, metalcore (a fusion of extreme metal and hardcore punk) and the New Wave of American Heavy Metal had become the most popular sub-genre in metal, in both the mainstream and within metal audiences.[102] Despite the massive success of Linkin Park and Evanescence, nu metal continued to decline in popularity. Regarding his band's decline in popularity, Fred Durst said "here's the deal: say in 2000, there were 35 million people who connected to this band. Twelve years later, lots of those people have moved on. We were a moment in time and it's over."[103]

Many nu metal bands experimented with other genres and sounds. While Deftones and Saliva retained several of their nu metal traits, they had overall moved on to a more alternative sounding metal, with their subsequent releases having eliminated rapping in almost all of their songs. Linkin Park's third studio album Minutes to Midnight, released in 2007, was noted for its complete departure from the band's signature nu metal sound.[104] Other nu metal bands such as Disturbed,[105]Mudvayne, Slipknot[106] moved onto a more standard heavy metal sound, while others, such as Staind and Drowning Pool went for a lighter post-grunge sound.

2010s

Evanescence in 2011

Despite the lesser radio play and popularity, some nu metal bands still gain critical and commercial success. Korn's 9th studio album Korn III: Remember Who You Are, sold 63,000 copies during its first week in the US, landing at number two on the Billboard 200.[107] As of December 6, 2011, the album has sold 185,000 units in the U.S.[108] and received positive reviews. In 2011, Limp Bizkit's long awaited sixth studio album Gold Cobra, was a commercial success, selling 63,000 copies in the United States and peaking at number 16 on the Billboard 200 and the album has received mostly positive reviews.[109][110] Also in 2011, Staind's self-titled album debuted at number 5 on the Billboard 200, with first sales week of 47,000 copies, making the fifth consecutive top-five album for the band.[111]

Evanescence's self-titled album debuted at number 1 on the Billboard 200 and other U.S charts and sold over 127.000 copies in the first week, and 284,000 copies to date. It also charted high globally and has received certifications in U.K, Canada and Australia as of 2012.[citation needed] On 2 December 2011, Korn released The Path of Totality selling 55,000 copies in its first week. Many cited this album as a new direction for nu metal, with the band taking influence from electronic music, most notably dubstep. Artists collaborating on the album included Skrillex, 12th Planet, Feed Me and Excision. The album received mostly positive reviews, winning a Golden Gods award for best album.[112] This has led to some talk within the media of a possible nu metal revival.[113][114]

In 2012, P.O.D.'s eighth studio album Murdered Love reached #17 in the Billboard 200.[115]

Criticism

Nu metal is often controversial amongst fans of other metal genres, and the genres detractors have labeled nu metal derogatory terms such as "mallcore", "whinecore", "grunge for the zeros" and "sports-rock".[116]

Gregory Heaney of Allmusic has described the genre as "one of metal's more unfortunate pushes into the mainstream."[117] Jonathan Davis, the frontman of the pioneering nu metal band Korn, was in an interview and said

There's a lot of closed-minded metal purists that would hate something because it's not true to metal or whatever, but Korn has never been a metal band, dude. We're not a metal band. We've always been looked at as what they called the nu-metal thing. But we've always been the black sheep and we never fitted into that kind of thing so … We're always ever evolving, and we always piss fans off and we're gaining other fans and it is how it is.[118]

Some bands considered influential to nu metal have tried to distance themselves from the genre. Regarding his band's influence on nu metal, Faith No More and Mr. Bungle singer Mike Patton said "I feel no responsibility for that, it's their mothers' fault, not mine."[119] While Helmet frontman Page Hamilton has stated "it's frustrating that people write [us] off because we're affiliated with or credited with or discredited with creating nu-metal and rap metal or whatever the fuck it is, which we sound nothing like."[120] In response to reports that Fred Durst, lead singer of nu metal band Limp Bizkit is a big fan of his band, Tool's lead singer Maynard James Keenan said "If the lunch-lady in high school hits on you, you appreciate the compliment, but you’re not really gonna start dating the lunch-lady, are ya?"[121] Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails has also criticized the genre, saying in an interview with Kerrang! magazine

When I'm asked what do I think of a lot of the nu-metal bands that are out there, my response is that it seems really insincere to me. I've had a really shitty childhood and I'm really upset and I'm really ugly and I've put a lot of make-up on and I'm harder and faster and my voice sounds more like the cookie monster's than yours does. To me it all comes across as being comical, as being a parody of itself.[122]

As the band had abandoned the nu metal sound often featured on their early work, Deftones' frontman Chino Moreno began to criticize the genre, especially Korn's 2003 release Take a Look in the Mirror saying "As KORN go on, it's the same things — bad childhoods and mean moms. It gets too old after a while. How old is Jonathan? Thirty? How long has it been since he lived with his parents?"[123] Korn's frontman Jonathan Davis responded to it in an interview saying

"Obviously, Chino hasn't listened to the words on the rest of my albums because they're nothing about my parents or my childhood. He's bitter and pissed off. I haven't talked to him because that's some straight fucked up shit that he said. When we first came out it was cool and we were homies. Then as we came up they became bitter because we were getting more attention or some shit. It's retarded how it got like that."[123]

Moreno also has criticized Linkin Park and Limp Bizkit.[124]

See also

Further reading

  • McIver, Joel (2002). Nu-metal: The Next Generation of Rock & Punk. Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-9209-6.
  • Porter, Dick (2003). Rapcore: The Nu-Metal Rap Fusion. Plexus Publishing. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |ignore-isbn-error= ignored (|isbn= suggested) (help)
  • Udo, Tommy (2002). Brave Nu World. Sanctuary Publishing. ISBN 1-86074-415-X.

References

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External links

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