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[[File:Hollókő Ófalu Fő utca (részlet).jpg|thumb|The old village of [[Hollókő]], [[Nógrád]], [[Hungary]] ([[UNESCO World Heritage Site]])]]
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[[File:KippelLötschental WoodenHouses.jpg|thumb|An [[Swiss Alps|alpine]] village in the [[Lötschental]] Valley, [[Switzerland]]]]
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[[File:Hybe and the High Tatras.jpg|thumb|[[Hybe]] in [[Slovakia]] with [[High Tatra]] mountains in background]]
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[[File:Ourika berbere village.jpg|thumb|[[Berber people|Berber]] village in [[Ourika, Morocco|Ourika]] valley, [[High Atlas]], Morocco]]
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A '''village''' is a clustered [[human settlement]] or [[Residential community|community]], larger than a [[hamlet (place)|hamlet]] but smaller than a [[town]], with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand (sometimes tens of thousands). Though often located in [[rural area]]s, the term [[urban village]] is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed [[dwellings]]; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a [[dispersed settlement]].
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In the past, villages were a usual form of community for societies that practise [[subsistence agriculture]], and also for some non-agricultural societies. In Great Britain, a hamlet earned the right to be called a village when it built a church.<ref name="BBC">
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[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/programmes/restoration/2006/exploring_brit_villages_01.shtml Dr Greg Stevenson, "What is a Village?"], ''Exploring British Villages'', BBC, 2006, accessed 20 October 2009</ref> In many cultures, towns and cities were few, with only a small proportion of the population living in them. The [[Industrial Revolution]] attracted people in larger numbers to work in mills and factories; the concentration of people caused many villages to grow into towns and cities. This also enabled specialization of labor and crafts, and development of many trades. The trend of [[urbanization]] continues, though not always in connection with industrialization. Villages have been eclipsed in importance as units of human society and settlement.
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Although many patterns of village life have existed, the typical village was small, consisting of perhaps 5 to 30 families. Homes were situated together for sociability and defence, and land surrounding the living quarters was farmed. [[Traditional fishing village]]s were based on [[artisan fishing]] and located adjacent to fishing grounds.
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==South Asia==
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[[File:Guri Rajasthan 02.jpg|thumb|A North Indian village in [[Rajasthan]], India]]
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"The soul of [[India]] lives in its villages", declared M. K. [[Gandhi]]<ref>R.K. Bhatnagar. [http://www.pibbng.kar.nic.in/feature1.pdf INDIA’S MEMBERSHIP OF ITER PROJECT]. PRESS INFORMATION BUREAU. GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, BANGALORE</ref> at the beginning of 20th century. According to the [[2011 census of India]], 68.84% of Indians (around 833.1 [[million]] people) live in 640,867 different villages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/ |title=Indian Census |publisher=Censusindia.gov.in |accessdate=2012-04-09}}</ref> The size of these villages varies considerably. 236,004 Indian villages have a population less than 500, while 3,976 villages have a population of 10,000+. Most of the villages have their own temple, mosque or church depending on the local religious following.
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==Central Asia==
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Auyl ({{lang-kk|Ауыл}}) is a Kazakh word meaning "village" in [[Kazakhstan]].<ref>Қазақ тілі термиңдерінің салалық ғылыми түсіндірме сөздігі: География және геодезия. — Алматы: "Мектеп" баспасы, 2007. — 264 бет. ISBN 9965-36-367-6</ref> According to the 2009 census of Kazakhstan, 42.7% of Kazakhs (7.5 million people) live in 8172 different villages.<ref name="Stat-kz-01-07-2013">[http://www.stat.kz/Pages/default.aspx].</ref>
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[[File:Ogi Shirakawa02bs3200.jpg|thumb|[[Shirakawa-gō]], [[Gifu Prefecture|Gifu]] Japan]]
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'''People's Republic of China'''
* [[Portal:Arts|Arts]]
{{Main|Village (China)}}
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In [[mainland China]], [[Village (China)|villages]] {{Lang|zh-cn|[[:Zh:村|村]]}} are divisions under [[Township (People's Republic of China)|township]] {{Lang|zh-cn|[[:Zh:乡]]}} or [[town]] {{Lang|zh-cn|[[:Zh:镇]]}}.
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'''Republic of China (Taiwan)'''
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In the [[Republic of China]] ([[Taiwan]]), villages are divisions under [[Township (Republic of China)|townships]] or [[county-controlled cities]]. The village is called a ''tsuen'' or ''cūn'' (村) under a rural township (鄉) and a ''li'' (里) under an urban township (鎮) or a county-controlled city. See also [[Li (unit)]].
* [[Portal:Mathematics|Mathematics]]

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{{Main|Villages of Japan}}
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'''South Korea'''
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'''Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore'''
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[[File:Pariangan.jpg|thumb|The ''nagari'' of [[Pariangan]], [[West Sumatra]].]]
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In Indonesia, depending on the principles they are administered, villages are called ''desa'' or ''kelurahan''. A ''desa'' (a term that derives from a [[Sanskrit]] word meaning "country" that is found in a name such as "[[Bangladesh]]") is administered according to traditions and customary law (''[[adat]]''), while a ''kelurahan'' is administered along more "modern" principles. ''Desa'' are generally located in rural areas while ''kelurahan'' are generally urban subdivisions. A village head is respectively called ''kepala desa'' or ''lurah''. Both are elected by the local community. A ''desa'' or ''kelurahan'' is itself the subdivision of a ''[[kecamatan]]'' (district), in turn the subdivision of a ''[[kabupaten]]'' (regency).
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The same general concept applies all over Indonesia. However, there is some variation among the vast numbers of Austronesian ethnic groups. For instance, in [[Bali]] villages have been created by grouping traditional hamlets or ''banjar'', which constitute the basis of Balinese social life. In the [[Minangkabau people|Minangkabau]] country in [[West Sumatra]] province traditional villages are called ''nagari'' (a term deriving from another Sanskrit word meaning "city", which can be found in a name like "[[Srinagar]]"). In some areas such as Tanah Toraja, elders take turns watching over the village at a command post.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} As a general rule, ''desa'' and ''kelurahan'' are groupings of hamlets (''kampung'' in Indonesian, ''dusun'' in the [[Javanese language]], ''banjar'' in Bali).
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In Malaysia, the term ''kampung'' (sometimes spelling ''kampong'' or ''kompong'') in the [[English language]] has been defined specifically as "a Malay hamlet or village in a Malay-speaking country".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/kampung |title=Meriam-Webster Online |publisher=M-w.com |date=2007-04-25 |accessdate=2010-03-28}}</ref> In other words, a '''''kampung''''' is defined today as a village in [[Brunei]], [[Indonesia]], [[Singapore]], and [[Malaysia]]. In Malaysia, a ''kampung'' is determined as a locality with 10,000 or fewer people. Since historical times, every Malay village came under the leadership of a ''penghulu'' (village chief), who has the power to hear civil matters in his village (see [[Judiciary of Malaysia#Other courts|Courts of Malaysia]] for more details). A Malay village typically contains a ''"masjid"'' ([[mosque]]) or ''"surau"'' (Muslim chapel), [[paddy field]]s and [[Malay houses]] on [[stilt house|stilts]]. Malay and Indonesian villagers practice the culture of helping one another as a community, which is better known as "joint bearing of burdens" (''[[gotong royong]]''),<ref>Geertz, Clifford. "Local Knowledge: Fact and Law in Comparative Perspective", pp. 167–234 in Geertz ''Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology,'' NY: Basic Books. 1983.</ref> as well as being family-oriented (especially the concept of respecting one's family [particularly the parents and elders]), [[Etiquette in Asia#Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore|courtesy]] and believing in [[God]] (''"Tuhan"'') as paramount to everything else. It is common to see a cemetery near the mosque, as all Muslims in the Malay or Indonesian village want to be [[Prayer#Islam|prayed]] for, and to receive [[Allah]]'s blessings in the [[Afterlife#Islam|afterlife]]. While in [[Sarawak]] and [[East Kalimantan]], some villages are called 'long', primarily inhabited by the [[Orang Ulu]].
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Singapore also follows the Malaysian ''kampung''. However, there are only a few ''kampung'' villages remaining, mostly on [[island]]s surrounding Singapore such as [[Pulau Ubin]]. In the past, there were many ''kampung'' villages in Singapore but now there aren't many on the mainland.

The term "kampung", sometimes spelled "kampong", is one of many Malay words to have entered common usage in Malaysia and Singapore. Locally, the term is frequently used to refer to either one's hometown or a rural village, depending on context.

'''Philippines'''

In urban areas of the [[Philippines]], the term "village" most commonly refers to private subdivisions, especially [[gated community|gated communities]]. These villages emerged in the mid-20th century and were initially the domain of [[elite]] urban dwellers. Those are common in [[Cities in the Philippines|major cities in the country]] and their residents have a wide range of income levels. Such villages may or may not correspond to administrative units (usually [[barangay]]s) and/or be privately administered. Barangays more correspond to the villages of old times, and the chairman (formerly a village datu) now settles administrative, intrapersonal, and political matters or polices the village, though with much less authority and respect than in Indonesia or Malaysia.

'''Vietnam'''

Village, or "làng", is a basis of [[Vietnam]] society. Vietnam's village is the typical symbol{{Citation needed|date=May 2009}} of Asian agricultural production. Vietnam's village typically contains: a village gate, "lũy tre" (bamboo hedges), "đình làng" (communal house) where "thành hoàng" ([[tutelary deity|tutelary god]]) is worshiped, a common well, "đồng lúa" ([[rice]] field), "chùa" (temple) and houses of all families in the village. All the people in Vietnam's villages usually have a blood relationship. They are [[farmer]]s who grow rice and have the same traditional [[handicraft]]. Vietnam's villages have an important role in society (Vietnamese saying: "Custom rules the law" -"Phép vua thua lệ làng" [literally: the king's law yields to village customs]). Everyone in Vietnam wants to be buried in their village when they die.{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}}

==Central and Eastern Europe==

===Slavic countries===
[[File:Lug.JPG|thumb|right|Lug, village in northern [[Serbia]]]]
'''Selo''' ([[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]: село; {{lang-pl|sioło}}) is a [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] word meaning "village" in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Croatia]], [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]], [[Russia]], [[Serbia]], and [[Ukraine]]. For example there are numerous ''sela'' (plural of ''selo'') called [[Novo Selo]] in [[Bulgaria]], [[Croatia]], [[Montenegro]] and others in [[Serbia]], and [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]]. Another Slavic word for a village is '''ves''' ({{lang-pl|wieś}}, {{lang-cs|ves, vesnice}}, {{lang-sk|ves}}, {{lang-sl|vas}}). In [[Slovenia]], the word ''selo'' is used for very small villages (less than 100 people) and in dialects; the [[Slovene language|Slovene]] word ''vas'' is used all over [[Slovenia]].

====Bulgaria====
{{Main|List of villages in Bulgaria}}
[[File:Kovachevitsa.jpg|thumb|right|[[Kovachevitsa]], a village in southern [[Bulgaria]]]]

In [[Bulgaria]], the different types of ''sela'' vary from a small selo of 5 to 30 families to one of several thousand people. According to a 2002 census, in that year there were 2,385,000 Bulgarian citizens living in settlements classified as ''villages''.<ref name="Bulgaria">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/esa/agenda21/natlinfo/countr/bulgaria/Bulgariahumansettlement2003.PDF|title=Human Settlement Country Profile, Bulgaria (''2004'')|format=PDF|publisher=[[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]] |accessdate=2008-11-30}}</ref> A 2004 Human Settlement Profile on Bulgaria<ref>[http://www.un.org/esa/agenda21/natlinfo/countr/bulgaria/Bulgariahumansettlement2003.PDF HUMAN SETTLEMENT COUNTRY PROFILE: BULGARIA]. United Nations (2004)</ref> conducted by the [[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]] stated that:
<blockquote>The most intensive is the migration "city&nbsp;– city". Approximately 46% of all migrated people have changed their residence from one city to another. The share of the migration processes "village&nbsp;– city" is significantly less&nbsp;– 23% and "city&nbsp;– village"&nbsp;– 20%. The migration "village&nbsp;– village" in 2002 is 11%.<ref name="Bulgaria"/></blockquote>

It also stated that
<blockquote>the state of the environment in the small towns and villages is good apart from the low level of infrastructure.<ref name="Bulgaria"/></blockquote>

In Bulgaria, it is becoming popular to visit villages for the atmosphere, culture, crafts, hospitality of the people and the surrounding nature. This is called ''selski turizam'' ({{lang-bg|селски туризъм}}), meaning "village tourism".{{Citation needed|date=November 2008}}

====Russia====
[[File:Village near lake baikal 45230241 f3b18ea67c b.jpg|thumb|Nook of a village near [[Lake Baikal]], Siberia]]

In Russia, as of the [[Russian Census (2010)|2010 Census]], 26.3% of the country's population lives in [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|rural localities]];<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref> down from 26.7% recorded in the [[Russian Census (2002)|2002 Census]].<ref name="2010Census" /> Multiple types of rural localities exist, but the two most common are ''derevnya'' ({{lang|ru|деревня}}) and ''selo'' ({{lang|ru|село}}). Historically, the formal indication of status was religious: a city (''gorod'') had a [[cathedral]], a ''selo'' had a church, while a ''derevnya'' had neither.

The lowest administrative unit of the [[Russian Empire]], a ''[[volost]]'', or its Soviet or modern Russian successor, a ''[[selsoviet]]'', was typically headquartered in a ''selo'' and embraced a few neighboring villages.

Between 1926 and 1989, Russia's rural population shrank from 76 million people to 39 million, due to urbanization, [[collectivization]], [[dekulakization]], and the [[World War II]] losses, but has nearly stabilized since.{{citation needed|date=October 2007}} During 1930–1937, mass [[starvation]] in Russia and other parts of the [[Soviet Union]] lead to the death of at least 14.5 million peasants (including 5–7 million in the [[Holodomor]]).<ref>[[Robert Conquest]] (1986) ''The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine''. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505180-7.</ref>

Most Russian rural localities have populations of less than 200&nbsp;people, and the smaller places take the brunt of depopulation: e.g., in 1959, about one half of Russia's rural population lived in villages of fewer than 500&nbsp;people, while now less than one third does.{{citation needed|date=July 2011}} In the 1960s–1970s, the depopulation of the smaller villages was driven by the central planners' drive to get the farm workers out of smaller, "prospect-less" hamlets and into the [[kolkhoz|collective]] or [[sovkhoz|state farms]]' main villages, with more amenities.<ref>[http://demoscope.ru/weekly/2006/0253/tema04.php "Российское село в демографическом измерении" (''Rural Russia measured demographically'')] {{ru icon}}. This article reports the following [[Russian Census (2002)|census]] statistics:

{| class="wikitable"
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|-
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! Census year
!1959
!1970
!1979
!1989
!2002
|-
|-
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| Total number of rural localities in Russia
|294,059
|216,845
|177,047
|152,922
|155,289
|-
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;" | <div id="mp-dyk">{{Did you know}}</div>
| Of them, with population 1 to 10 persons
|}
|41,493
| style="border:1px solid transparent;" |
|25,895
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|23,855
| class="MainPageBG" style="width:45%; border:1px solid #cedff2; background:#f5faff; vertical-align:top;"|
|30,170
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|47,089
| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-itn-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">In the news</h2>
|-
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px;" | <div id="mp-itn">{{In the news}}</div>
| Of them, with population 11 to 200 persons
|-
|186,437
| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-otd-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">On this day...</h2>
|132,515
|-
|105,112
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;" | <div id="mp-otd">{{Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/{{#time:F j}}}}</div>
|80,663
|68,807
|}
|}
|}
</ref>
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Most Russian rural residents are involved in agricultural work, and it is very common for villagers to produce their own food. As prosperous urbanites purchase village houses for their second homes, Russian villages sometimes are transformed into [[dacha]] settlements, used mostly for seasonal residence.
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The historically [[Cossacks|Cossack]] regions of Southern Russia and parts of [[Ukraine]], with their [[fertile soil]] and absence of [[serfdom]], had a rather different pattern of settlement from central and northern Russia. While peasants of central Russia lived in a village around the lord's manor, a Cossack family often lived on its own farm, called ''[[khutor]]''. A number of such ''khutors'' plus a central village made up the administrative unit with a center in a ''[[stanitsa]]'' ({{lang-ru|стани́ца}}; {{lang-uk|станиця, ''stanytsia''}}). Such ''stanitsas'' often with a few thousand residents, were usually larger than a typical ''selo'' in central Russia.
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The term ''[[aul]]''/''aal'' is used to refer mostly Muslim-populated villages in [[Caucasus]] and [[Idel-Ural]], without regard to the number of residents.
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====Ukraine====
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[[File:Маяки.jpg|thumbnail|Mayaky Village, [[Donetsk]], Ukraine]]
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[[File:Kosmach Doroha.jpg|thumb|right|The largest Ukrainian village ("selo") [[Kosmach]]]]
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In [[Ukraine]], a village, known locally as a ''"selo"'' (село), is considered the lowest administrative unit. Villages may have an individual administration (''[[silrada]]'') or a joint administration, combining two or more villages. Villages may also be under the jurisdiction of a city council (''miskrada'') or town council (''selyshchna rada'') administration.
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There is, however, another smaller type of settlement which is designated in Ukrainian as a ''selysche'' (селище). This type of community is generally referred to in English as a "settlement". In comparison with an [[urban-type settlement]], Ukrainian legislation does not have a concrete definition or a criterion to differentiate such settlements from villages. They represent a type of a small rural locality that might have once been a ''[[khutir]]'', a fisherman's settlement, or a [[dacha]]. They are administered by a ''[[silrada]]'' (council) located in a nearby adjacent village. Sometimes the term ''"selysche"'' is also used in a more general way to refer to adjacent settlements near a bigger city, including urban-type settlements (''selysche miskoho typu'') and/or villages; however, ambiguity is often avoided in connection with urbanized settlements by referring to them using the three-letter abbreviation ''smt'' instead.
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The ''[[khutir]]'' (хутір) and ''stanytsia'' (станиця) are not part of the [[administrative division]] any longer, primarily due to [[collectivization]]. ''Khutirs'' were very small rural localities consisting of just few housing units and were sort of individual farms. They became really popular during the [[Stolypin reform]] in the early 20th century. During the collectivization, however, residents of such settlements were usually declared to be [[kulaks]] and had all their property confiscated and distributed to others ([[nationalized]]) without any compensation. The ''stanitsa'' likewise has not survived as an administrative term. The ''stanitsa'' was a type of a collective community that could include one or more settlements such as villages, ''khutirs'', and others. Today, ''stanitsa''-type formations have only survived in [[Kuban]] ([[Russian Federation]]) where Ukrainians were resettled during the time of the [[Russian Empire]].
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==Western and Southern Europe==
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===United Kingdom===
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{{See also|Largest village in England}}
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A village in the [[United Kingdom|UK]] is a compact settlement of houses, smaller in size than a town, and generally based on agriculture or, in some areas, mining (such as [[Ouston, County Durham]]), quarrying or sea fishing. They are very similar to those in Ireland.
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[[File:castle.combe.mainstreet.arp.jpg|thumb|The main street of the village of [[Castle Combe]], [[Wiltshire]], England.]]
== Other areas of Wikipedia ==
The major factors in the type of settlement are location of water sources, organisation of agriculture and landholding, and likelihood of flooding. For example, in areas such as the [[Lincolnshire Wolds]], the villages are often found along the spring line halfway down the hillsides, and originate as [[spring line settlement]]s, with the original [[open field system]]s around the village. In northern [[Scotland]], most villages are planned to a [[grid plan|grid pattern]] located on or close to major roads, whereas in areas such as the [[Forest of Arden]], woodland clearances produced small hamlets around village greens.<ref>{{cite book|title=Village England: a social history of the countryside|first=Martin Trevor|last=Wild|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=2004|isbn=978-1-86064-939-4|ref=Wild|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=M7AmyuGr5Y8C&printsec=frontcover|page=12}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Village and farmstead: A history of rural settlement in England|first=Christopher|last=Taylor|publisher=G. Philip|year=1984|isbn=978-0-540-01082-0|ref=Taylor|url=http://books.google.com/books?ei=NksHTpXqIo6t8QPE1ozADQ|page=192}}</ref>
{{Other areas of Wikipedia}}

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Some villages have disappeared (for example, [[deserted medieval village]]s), sometimes leaving behind a church or [[manor house]] and sometimes nothing but [[Earthworks (archaeology)|bumps in the fields]]. Some show archaeological evidence of settlement at three or four different layers, each distinct from the previous one. Clearances may have been to accommodate [[sheep]] or game estates, or [[enclosure]], or may have resulted from depopulation, such as after the [[Black Death]] or following a move of the inhabitants to more prosperous districts. Other villages have grown and merged and often form hubs within the general mass of suburbia&nbsp;— such as [[Hampstead, London]] and [[Didsbury]] in [[Manchester]]. Many villages are now predominantly [[dormitory]] locations and have suffered the loss of shops, churches and other facilities.
== Wikipedia's sister projects ==

{{Wikipedia's sister projects}}
For many British people, the village represents an [[ideal (ethics)|ideal]] of Great Britain. Seen as being far from the bustle of modern life, it is represented as quiet and harmonious, if a little inward-looking. This concept of an unspoilt [[Arcadia (utopia)|Arcadia]] is present in many popular representations of the village such as the radio serial ''[[The Archers]]'' or the [[best kept village]] competitions.<ref>{{cite book|title=OECD Rural Policy Reviews: England, United Kingdom 2011|author=OECD|publisher=OECD Publishing|year=2011|url=http://books.google.com/?id=bQCGWKfXJNMC&printsec=frontcover|page=237|isbn=9264094423}}</ref>
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[[File:Bisley.jpg|thumb| [[Bisley, Gloucestershire]], a village in the Cotswolds]]
== Wikipedia languages ==
Many villages in [[South Yorkshire]], [[North Nottinghamshire]], [[North East Derbyshire]], [[County Durham]], [[South Wales]] and [[Northumberland]] are known as [[pit village]]s. These (such as [[Murton, County Durham]]) grew from [[hamlet (place)|hamlets]] when the sinking of a [[colliery]] in the early 20th century resulted in a rapid growth in their population and the colliery owners built new housing, shops, pubs and churches. Some pit villages outgrew nearby towns by area and population; for example, [[Rossington]] in [[South Yorkshire]] came to have over four times more people than the nearby town of [[Bawtry]]. Some pit villages grew to become [[town]]s; for example, [[Maltby, South Yorkshire|Maltby]] in South Yorkshire grew from 600 people in the 19th century<ref>{{cite book|title=The Parliamentary gazetteer of England and Wales|publisher=A. Fullarton & Co.|year=1851|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=mxIQAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover|volume=3|page=344}}</ref> to over 17,000 in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rotherham.gov.uk/download/553/maltby_ward|title=Maltby Ward |publisher=Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council |accessdate=2011-06-26}}</ref> Maltby was constructed under the auspices of the [[Maltby Main Colliery|Sheepbridge Coal and Iron Company]] and included ample open spaces and provision for gardens.<ref>{{cite book|title=The history of the Yorkshire miners, 1881–1918|first=Carolyn Louise|last=Baylies|publisher=Routledge|year=1993|url=http://books.google.com/?id=WEIOAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover|isbn=0415093597}}</ref>
{{Wikipedia languages}}

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In the UK, the main historical distinction between a [[hamlet (place)|hamlet]] and a village was that the latter had a [[church (building)|church]],<ref name="BBC" /> and so usually was the centre of worship for an [[ecclesiastical parish]]. However, some [[civil parishes in England|civil parishes]] may contain more than one village. The typical village had a pub or inn, shops, and a [[blacksmith]]. But many of these facilities are now gone, and many villages are dormitories for commuters. The population of such settlements ranges from a few hundred people to around five thousand. A village is distinguished from a town in that:
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* A village should not have a regular agricultural [[market (place)|market]], although today such markets are uncommon even in settlements which clearly are towns.
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* A village does not have a [[City and town halls|town hall]] nor a [[mayor]].
* If a village is the principal settlement of a [[civil parishes in England|civil parish]], then any administrative body that administers it at parish level should be called a [[Parish councils in England|parish council]] or [[parish meeting]], and not a [[town council]] or [[city council]]. However, some civil parishes have no functioning parish, town, or city council nor a functioning parish meeting. In Wales, where the equivalent of an English civil parish is called a [[Community (Wales)|Community]], the body that administers it is called a [[Community council|Community Council]]. However, larger councils may elect to call themselves town councils.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/parishes.asp |title=National Statistics |publisher=Statistics.gov.uk |accessdate=2010-03-28}}</ref> Unlike Wales, Scottish community councils have no statutory powers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.porty.org.uk/council/index.php |title=Portobello Community Council |publisher=Porty.org.uk |accessdate=2010-03-28}}</ref>
* There should be a clear [[green belt]] or open fields, as, for example, seen on aerial maps for [[Ouston, County Durham|Ouston]] surrounding its parish<ref>{{cite web|url=http://parishes.durham.gov.uk/ouston/Pages/wherewelive.aspx |title=Ouston Parish Council |publisher=durham.gov.uk}}</ref> borders. However this may not be applicable to urbanised villages: although these may not considered to be villages, they are often widely referred to as being so; an example of this is [[Horsforth]] in [[Leeds]].

===France===
[[File:Rougon Alpes de Haute Provence France.jpg|thumb|The village of Rougon in [[Provence]]]]
[[File:Saint-Cirq-Lapopie.jpg|thumb|[[Saint-Cirq-Lapopie]] ([[Lot (department)|Lot]]) is one of [[Les Plus Beaux Villages de France|"The Most Beautiful Villages in France"]].]]
Same general definition as in the [[UK]].

An independent association named ''[[Les Plus Beaux Villages de France]]'', was created in 1982 to promote assets of small and picturesque French villages of quality heritage. As of 2008, 152 villages in France have been listed in "The Most Beautiful Villages of France".

===Spain===
Spain has plenty of little villages around its territory. The concept of village and country life is really present and usual in the North of the country ([[Atlantic]] area), especially in [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]] where villages are similar to English ones.

South of Barcelona is Spain's most romantic Mediterranean beach town, with a 2.5&nbsp;km-long (1 1/2-mile) sandy beach and a promenade studded with flowers and palm trees. Sitges is a town with a rich connection to art; Picasso and Dalí both spent time here.<ref>[http://www.frommers.com/destinations/spain/0242020855.html The Best Small Towns and Villages in Spain at Frommer's]. Frommers.com. Retrieved on 2012-05-27.</ref> [[Mérida, Spain|Mérida]] is an important Roman town with great tapas. [[Barcena Mayor]] ([[Cantabria]]) has houses that date back to the sixth century with simple two floors constructions and rectangular form. [[Salamanca]], an ancient Celtic town, is also a Renaissance city with striking architecture. Its sandstones buildings have a beautiful lustre giving the city the nickname, La Ciudad Dorada.<ref>[http://www.tourclare.com/spanishtownsandvillages.php Spanish Towns and Villages]. Tourclare.com. Retrieved on 2012-05-27.</ref>

[[Morella, Castellón]] is a medieval village located in the region of "[[Comunitat Valenciana]]" with huge castles with a rich renaissance history.<ref>[http://www.travelthruspain.com/what-to-do/cities Top 10 Cities and Villages to Visit in Spain]. Travelthruspain.com. Retrieved on 2012-05-27.</ref>
Rogueira pasturelands is one of the great ecological jewels of [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]]. Rivers, pools and springs abound in this verdant forest, as do underground water caves and caverns with a prehistoric past.<ref>[http://www.spain.info/no/reportajes/sierra_de_o_courel_naturaleza_y_aldeas_medievales.html Medieval villages in Galicia, Spain: O courel mountains. spain.info in English]. Spain.info. Retrieved on 2012-05-27.</ref>
San Marti Vell is a charming small village well known for its Gothic spire. La Bisbal should be next on the list. The town is worth visiting for its Main Square and the castle. This Romanesque castle is situated in the middle of the town, giving it a romantic look. There is also [[Palafrugell]], [[Palau-sator]], [[Sant Julia]] and [[Sant Feliu de Boada]]. They are all very important because of their medieval patrimony. [[Castelló d'Empúries]] has 13th-century Gothic churches.
[[Angles]] also possesses outstanding medieval constructions throughout its village.<ref>[http://travel.ezinemark.com/medieval-towns-and-villages-in-spain-16bc87fb4dc.html Medieval Towns And Villages In Spain]. Travel.ezinemark.com (2010-10-22). Retrieved on 2012-05-27.</ref> All villages have a [[Church (building)|church]] or [[hermitage (religious retreat)|hermitage]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}}

===Portugal===
Villages are more usual in the [[Norte Region, Portugal|northern]] and [[Centro Region, Portugal|central regions]] and in the [[Alentejo]]. Most of them have a church and a "Casa do Povo" (people's house), where the village's summer '''romarias''' or religious festivities are usually held. Summer is also when many villages are host to a range of folk festivals and fairs, taking advantage of the fact that many of the locals who reside abroad tend to come back to their native village for the holidays.

===Netherlands===
In the flood prone districts of the [[Netherlands]], villages were traditionally built on low man-made hills called [[Artificial dwelling hill|terps]] before the introduction of regional dyke-systems. In modern days, the term ''dorp'' (lit. "village") is usually applied to settlements no larger than 20,000, though there's no official law regarding status of settlements in the Netherlands.

==Middle East==

===Lebanon===
[[File:saifivillage.JPG|thumb|The main square of Saifi Village in [[Beirut Central District|Centre Ville]], [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]]]]

Like France, villages in [[Lebanon]] are usually located in remote mountainous areas. The majority of villages in Lebanon retain their [[Aramaic]] names or are derivative of the Aramaic names, and this is because Aramaic was still in use in [[Mount Lebanon]] up to the 18th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://almashriq.hiof.no/lebanon/400/410/412/elies_project/glimse_of_yesterday.html |title=A project proposal |publisher=Almashriq.hiof.no |accessdate=2010-03-28}}</ref>

Many of the Lebanese villages are a part of districts, these districts are known as "kadaa" which includes the districts of Baabda (Baabda), Aley (Aley), Matn (Jdeideh), Keserwan (Jounieh), Chouf (Beiteddine), Jbeil (Byblos), Tripoli (Tripoli), Zgharta (Zgharta / Ehden), Bsharri (Bsharri), Batroun (Batroun), Koura (Amioun), Miniyeh-Danniyeh (Minyeh / Sir Ed-Danniyeh), Zahle (Zahle), Rashaya (Rashaya), Western Beqaa (Jebjennine / Saghbine), Sidon (Sidon), Jezzine (Jezzine), Tyre (Tyre), Nabatiyeh (Nabatiyeh), Marjeyoun (Marjeyoun), Hasbaya (Hasbaya), Bint Jbeil (Bint Jbeil), Baalbek (Baalbek), and Hermel (Hermel).

The district of Danniyeh consists of thirty six small villages, which includes Almrah, Kfirchlan, Kfirhbab, Hakel al Azimah, Siir, Bakhoun, Miryata, Assoun, Sfiiri, Kharnoub, Katteen, Kfirhabou, Zghartegrein, Ein Qibil.

Danniyeh (known also as Addinniyeh, Al Dinniyeh, Al Danniyeh, Arabic: سير الضنية) is a region located in Miniyeh-Danniyeh District in the North Governorate of Lebanon. The region lies east of Tripoli, extends north as far as Akkar District, south to Bsharri District and Zgharta District and as far east as Baalbek and Hermel. Dinniyeh has an excellent ecological environment filled with woodlands, orchards and groves. Several villages are located in this mountainous area, the largest town being Sir Al Dinniyeh.

An example of a typical mountainous Lebanese village in Dannieh would be Hakel al Azimah which is a small village that belongs to the district of Danniyeh, situated between Bakhoun and Assoun's boundaries. It is in the centre of the valleys that lie between the [[Arbeen Mountains]] and the [[Khanzouh]].

===Syria===
[[File:General view to Al annaze1.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|General view from [[Al-Annaze]] village, near [[Tartus]], [[Syria]]]]
[[Syria]] contains a large number of villages that vary in size and importance, including the ancient, historical and religious villages, such as [[Ma'loula]], [[Sednaya]], and [[Barad, Syria|Brad]] (Mar Maroun’s time). The diversity of the Syrian environments creates significant differences between the Syrian villages in terms of the economic activity and the method of adoption. Villages in the south of Syria ([[Hauran]], [[Jabal al-Druze]]), the north-east (the Syrian island) and the [[Orontes River]] basin depend mostly on agriculture, mainly grain, vegetables and fruits. Villages in the region of [[Damascus]] and [[Aleppo]] depend on trading. Some other villages, such as [[Marmarita]] depend heavily on tourist activity.

Mediterranean cities in [[Syria]], such as [[Tartus]] and [[Latakia]] have similar types of villages. Mainly, villages were built in very good sites which had the fundamentals of the rural life, like water. An example of a Mediterranean Syrian village in Tartus would be [[al-Annazah]], which is a small village that belongs to the area of [[al-Sawda|al-Sauda]]. The area of al-Sauda is called a ''[[nahiya]]'', which is a [[subdistrict]].

==Australasia and Oceania==
[[File:Puamau.jpg|thumb|right|The village of Puamau on Hiva Oa, [[Marquesas Islands]], [[French Polynesia]]]]
'''Pacific Islands'''
Communities on pacific islands were historically called villages by English speakers who traveled and settled in the area. Some communities such as several [[Villages of Guam]] continue to be called villages despite having large populations that can exceed 40,000 residents.

'''New Zealand'''
The traditional [[Māori people|Māori]] village was the [[Pā (Māori)|pā]], a fortified hill-top settlement. Tree-fern logs and flax were the main [[building material]]s. As in Australia (see below) the term is now used mainly in respect of shopping or other planned areas.

'''Australia'''
The term village often is used in reference to small planned communities such as [[retirement communities]] or shopping districts, and tourist areas such as [[ski resort]]s. Small rural communities are usually known as townships. Larger settlements are known as towns.

==South America==
'''Argentina'''
Usually set in remote mountainous areas, some also cater to winter sports and/or tourism, see: [[Uspallata]], [[La Cumbrecita]], [[Villa Traful]] and [[La Cumbre, Córdoba|La Cumbre]]

==North America==
In contrast to the Old World, the concept of village in today's North America north of Mexico is largely disconnected from its rural and communal origins. Late and rapid European settlement coupled with population transfers and urbanization didn't allow for the emergence of a traditional countryside. The situation is different in Mexico because of its large bulk of indigenous population living in traditional villages.

===Canada===
{{Main|Municipal government in Canada}}
[[File:Carlb-fogo-newfoundland-2002.jpg|thumb|A [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]] fishing village]]

===United States===<!-- This section is linked from [[Cleveland, Ohio]] -->
{{Main|Village (United States)}}
[[File:Newfane vermont fall 2009.JPG|thumb|A church in [[Newfane, Vermont]]]]

====Incorporated villages====
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{{See also|Administrative divisions of New York#Village|Village (Oregon)}}
In twenty<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/english/vi/village.html#Definitions |title=Village |publisher=Websters-online-dictionary.org |accessdate=2010-03-28}}</ref> [[U.S. state]]s, the term "village" refers to a specific form of incorporated [[municipal government]], similar to a city but with less authority and geographic scope. However, this is a generality; in many states, there are villages that are an order of magnitude larger than the smallest cities in the state. The distinction is not necessarily based on population, but on the relative powers granted to the different types of municipalities and correspondingly, different obligations to provide specific services to residents.

In some states such as New York, Wisconsin, or Michigan, a village is an incorporated municipality, usually, but not always, within a single town or [[civil township]]. Residents pay taxes to the village and town or township and may vote in [[election]]s for both as well. In some cases, the village may be [[wikt:coterminous|coterminous]] with the town or township. There are also many villages which span the boundaries of more than one town or township, and some villages may even straddle county borders.

There is no limit to the population of a village in New York; [[Hempstead (village), New York|Hempstead]], the largest village in the state, has 55,000 residents, making it more populous than some of the state's cities. However, villages in the state may not exceed five square miles (13&nbsp;km²) in area.

In the state of [[Wisconsin]], a village is always legally separate from the [[township|towns]] that it has been incorporated from. The largest village is [[Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin|Menomonee Falls]], which has over 32,000 residents.

Michigan and Illinois also have no set population limit for villages and there are many villages that are larger than cities in those states. The village of Arlington Heights, IL had 75,101 residents as of the 2010 census.

Villages in [[Ohio]] are often legally part of the [[civil township|township]] from which they were incorporated, although exceptions such as [[Hiram, Ohio|Hiram]] exist, in which the village is separate from the township.<ref>{{cite web| title = Detailed map of Ohio| publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]]| year = 2000| url = http://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/general_ref/cousub_outline/cen2k_pgsz/oh_cosub.pdf| format = PDF| accessdate =2010-03-28}}</ref> They have no area limitations, but become cities if they grow a population of more than 5,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://codes.ohio.gov/orc/703.01 |title=Ohio Revised Code Section 703.01(A) |accessdate=2010-03-28}}</ref>

In [[Maryland]], a locality designated "Village of ..." may be either an incorporated town or a [[special-purpose district|special tax district]].<ref>[http://www.census.gov/prod/2005pubs/gc021x2.pdf 2002 Census of Governments, Individual State Descriptions] ([[PDF]])</ref> An example of the latter is the [[Friendship Heights, MD|Village of Friendship Heights]].

In states that have [[New England town]]s, a "village" is a [[center of population]] or trade, including the town center, in an otherwise sparsely developed town or city&nbsp;— for instance, the village of [[Hyannis, Massachusetts|Hyannis]] in the city of the [[Barnstable, Massachusetts]].

====Unincorporated villages====
In many states, the term "village" is used to refer to a relatively small [[unincorporated community]], similar to a [[Hamlet (New York)|hamlet]] in New York state. This informal usage may be found even in states that have villages as an incorporated municipality, although such usage might be considered incorrect and confusing.

==Africa==

===Nigeria===
[[File:A Village in Kaita.jpg|thumb|A village in [[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] Nigeria]]

Villages in [[Nigeria]] vary significantly because of cultural and geographical differences.

'''Northern Nigeria'''

In the [[Northern Nigeria|North]], villages were under [[Nigerian traditional rulers|traditional rulers]] long before the [[Jihad]] of [[Usman dan Fodio|Shaikh Uthman Bin Fodio]] and after the Holy War. At that time [[Nigerian traditional rulers|Traditional rulers]] used to have [[absolute monarchy|absolute power]] in their administrative regions.
After Dan Fodio's Jihad in 1804,<ref>The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, Vol. 6, 15th Edition. isbn 0-85229-961-3, p. 763</ref> political structure of the North became Islamic where [[emir]]s were the political, administrative and spiritual leaders of their people. These emirs appointed a number of people to assisted them in running the administration and that included villages.<ref>Sani Abubakar Lugga. ''The Great Province'', Lugga Press Gidan Lugga, Kofar Marusa Road, Katsina Nigeria, ISBN 978-2105-48-1, p. 43</ref>

Every Hausa village was reigned by Magaji ([[Village head]]) who was answerable to his Hakimi ([[mayor]]) at town level. The Magaji also had his cabinet who assisted him rule his village efficiently, among whom was Mai-Unguwa (Ward Head).<ref>Sani Abubakar Lugga. ''The Great Province'', Lugga Press Gidan Lugga, Kofar Marusa Road, Katsina Nigeria, ISBN 978-2105-48-1, p. 63</ref>

With the creation of Native Authority in Nigerian provinces, the autocratic power of village heads along with all other traditional rulers was subdued hence they ruled 'under the guidance of colonial officials'.<ref name = "Johnson">A Johnson Ugoji Anyaele. ''Comprehensive Government'', A Johnson Publishers LTD. Surulere, Lagos. ISBN 978-2799-49-1, p. 123</ref>

Even though the constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria has not recognised the functions of traditional rulers, they still command respect in their villages<ref name = "Johnson" /> and political office holders liaise with them almost every time to reach people.

In Hausa language, village is called '''ƙauye''' and every local government area is made up of several small and large '''ƙauyuka''' (villages). For instance, [[Girka]] is a village in [[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] town in Katsina state in Nigeria. They have mud houses with thatched roofing though, like in most of villages in the North, zinc roofing is becoming a common sight.

Still in many villages in the North, people do not have access to portable water.<ref>{{cite pmid|6833745}}</ref> So they fetch water from ponds and streams. Others are lucky to have wells within a walking distance. Women rush in the morning to fetch water in their clay pots from wells, boreholes and streams. However, government is now providing them with water bore holes.<ref>[http://abrahamplace.blogspot.jp/2012/10/how-katsina-state-is-doing-so-much-with.html How Katsina state is doing so much with so little]. abrahamplace.blogspot.jp (29 October 2012; original from peoplesdaily-online.com).</ref>

Electricity and GSM network are reaching more and more villages in the North almost everyday. So bad feeder roads may lead to remote villages with electricity and unstable GSM network.<ref>[http://www.cellular-news.com/story/16837.php Nigerian Operator Expands Coverage]. cellular-news.com (5 April 2006).</ref>

'''Southern Nigeria'''

Village dwellers in the Southeastern region lived separately in 'clusters of huts belonging to the patrilinage'.<ref>[http://www.igboguide.org/HT-chapter10.htm Village]. igboguide.org</ref> As the rainforest region is dominated by [[Igbo language|Igbo]] speaking people, the villages are called '''ime obodo''' (inside town) in Igbo language. A typical large village might have a few thousand persons who shared the same market, meeting place and beliefs.

==See also==
{{div col}}
*[[Global Village (term)|Global village]]
*[[Linear village]]
*[[Village green]]
*[[Village lock-up]]
*[[police village]]

===Settlement types===
*[[Dugout (shelter)|Dugout]]
*[[Fishing village]]
*[[Hamlet (place)|Hamlet]]
*[[Microtown]]

===Countries and localities===
*[[Dhani and villages]]
*[[Dogon people#Dogon villages|Dogon villages]]
*[[Hakka architecture]]
*[[Ksar]]
*[[List of villages in Europe by country]]
*[[Pueblo]]
*[[Sołectwo]] (rough equivalent in Poland)
*[[Ville]]
;Developed environments
*[[Developed environments]]
*[[City]]
*[[Exurb]]an
*[[Megalopolis (city type)|Megalopolis]]
*[[Rural]]
*[[Suburb]]an
*[[Urban area]]
{{div col end}}

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Villages}}
{{Wiktionary|village}}
*[http://www.ecotope.org/anthromes/v1/guide/villages/ Types of villages (anthropogenic biomes)]

{{Types of administrative country subdivision}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2010}}

[[Category:Villages| ]]
[[Category:Administrative divisions]]
[[Category:Rural geography]]
[[Category:Urban geography]]
[[Category:Types of populated places]]

Revision as of 10:35, 17 June 2014

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Coat of arms of de Ros

William de Ros, 6th Baron Ros (c. 1370 – 1 November 1414), was an English nobleman, politician and soldier. He inherited his father's feudal barony and extensive estates centred on Lincolnshire in 1394. Shortly afterwards he married Margaret, daughter of Baron Fitzalan, whose family, like that of de Ros, was well-connected and implacably opposed to King Richard II. In 1399 Richard confiscated the estates of his cousin, Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Lancaster, and exiled him. When Henry invaded England several months later, de Ros took his side almost immediately. After Henry declared himself King Henry IV, de Ros voted in the House of Lords for the former king's imprisonment. He became an important aide and counsellor to King Henry, and regularly spoke for him in parliament. He also supported Henry in his military campaigns, participating in the invasion of Scotland in 1400 and assisting in the suppression of Richard le Scrope's rebellion five years later. (Full article...)

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9th-century manuscript of the Nihon Shoki

In Japan, seventy-one Japanese books are designated as National Treasures. The term has been used in Japan to denote cultural properties since 1897, although the definition and criteria of National Treasures have changed over time. Writing was introduced from Korea to Japan around 400 AD in the form of Chinese books, with work done in Chinese by immigrant scribes from the mainland. The earliest extant large-scale works compiled in Japan are the 8th-century historical chronicles the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki (manuscript pictured). Other early Japanese works from the Nara period include biographies of Prince Shōtoku, cultural and geographical records (fudoki) and the Man'yōshū, the first anthology of Japanese poetry. More than half of the 71 designated treasures are works of poetry and prose. Another large segment consists of historical works such as manuscripts of the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki. (Full list...)

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Coat of arms of de Ros
Coat of arms of de Ros

William de Ros, 6th Baron Ros (c. 1370 – 1 November 1414), was an English nobleman, politician and soldier. He inherited his father's feudal barony and extensive estates centred on Lincolnshire in 1394. Shortly afterwards he married Margaret, daughter of Baron Fitzalan, whose family, like that of de Ros, was well-connected and implacably opposed to King Richard II. In 1399 Richard confiscated the estates of his cousin, Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Lancaster, and exiled him. When Henry invaded England several months later, de Ros took his side almost immediately. After Henry declared himself King Henry IV, de Ros voted in the House of Lords for the former king's imprisonment. He became an important aide and counsellor to King Henry, and regularly spoke for him in parliament. He also supported Henry in his military campaigns, participating in the invasion of Scotland in 1400 and assisting in the suppression of Richard le Scrope's rebellion five years later. (Full article...)

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9th-century manuscript of the Nihon Shoki
9th-century manuscript of the Nihon Shoki

In Japan, seventy-one Japanese books are designated as National Treasures. The term has been used in Japan to denote cultural properties since 1897, although the definition and criteria of National Treasures have changed over time. Writing was introduced from Korea to Japan around 400 AD in the form of Chinese books, with work done in Chinese by immigrant scribes from the mainland. The earliest extant large-scale works compiled in Japan are the 8th-century historical chronicles the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki (manuscript pictured). Other early Japanese works from the Nara period include biographies of Prince Shōtoku, cultural and geographical records (fudoki) and the Man'yōshū, the first anthology of Japanese poetry. More than half of the 71 designated treasures are works of poetry and prose. Another large segment consists of historical works such as manuscripts of the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki. (Full list...)

Recently featured:
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Diwali is a five-day Hindu festival of lights which symbolises the spiritual victory of light over darkness and good over evil. It commemorates the day when Hindu god Rama, along with his wife-consort Sita and brother Lakshmana, returned to his kingdom of Ayodhya after defeating demon-king Ravana and following 14 years of exile. Celebrations peak on the night of the third day of the festival—the main day of Diwali, which is today—marking the darkest night of the Hindu lunisolar calendar. People celebrate on this day by lighting traditional lamps (diyas) and candles. Pictured here is a woman lighting candles on Diwali.

Photograph credit: AjoyDutta1997; edited by Aristeas

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From today's featured article

Coat of arms of de Ros
Coat of arms of de Ros

William de Ros, 6th Baron Ros (c. 1370 – 1 November 1414), was an English nobleman, politician and soldier. He inherited his father's feudal barony and extensive estates centred on Lincolnshire in 1394. Shortly afterwards he married Margaret, daughter of Baron Fitzalan, whose family, like that of de Ros, was well-connected and implacably opposed to King Richard II. In 1399 Richard confiscated the estates of his cousin, Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Lancaster, and exiled him. When Henry invaded England several months later, de Ros took his side almost immediately. After Henry declared himself King Henry IV, de Ros voted in the House of Lords for the former king's imprisonment. He became an important aide and counsellor to King Henry, and regularly spoke for him in parliament. He also supported Henry in his military campaigns, participating in the invasion of Scotland in 1400 and assisting in the suppression of Richard le Scrope's rebellion five years later. (Full article...)

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Chili Williams in a polka-dot bikini
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November 1: Samhain and Beltane in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, respectively; Rajyotsava (Formation Day) in Karnataka, India (1956)

Ansel Adams
Ansel Adams
More anniversaries:
9th-century manuscript of the Nihon Shoki
9th-century manuscript of the Nihon Shoki

In Japan, seventy-one Japanese books are designated as National Treasures. The term has been used in Japan to denote cultural properties since 1897, although the definition and criteria of National Treasures have changed over time. Writing was introduced from Korea to Japan around 400 AD in the form of Chinese books, with work done in Chinese by immigrant scribes from the mainland. The earliest extant large-scale works compiled in Japan are the 8th-century historical chronicles the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki (manuscript pictured). Other early Japanese works from the Nara period include biographies of Prince Shōtoku, cultural and geographical records (fudoki) and the Man'yōshū, the first anthology of Japanese poetry. More than half of the 71 designated treasures are works of poetry and prose. Another large segment consists of historical works such as manuscripts of the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki. (Full list...)

Recently featured:
Diwali

Diwali is a five-day Hindu festival of lights which symbolises the spiritual victory of light over darkness and good over evil. It commemorates the day when Hindu god Rama, along with his wife-consort Sita and brother Lakshmana, returned to his kingdom of Ayodhya after defeating demon-king Ravana and following 14 years of exile. Celebrations peak on the night of the third day of the festival—the main day of Diwali, which is today—marking the darkest night of the Hindu lunisolar calendar. People celebrate on this day by lighting traditional lamps (diyas) and candles. Pictured here is a woman lighting candles on Diwali.

Photograph credit: AjoyDutta1997; edited by Aristeas

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Welcome to Wikipedia,
6,904,460 articles in English

From today's featured article

Coat of arms of de Ros
Coat of arms of de Ros

William de Ros, 6th Baron Ros (c. 1370 – 1 November 1414), was an English nobleman, politician and soldier. He inherited his father's feudal barony and extensive estates centred on Lincolnshire in 1394. Shortly afterwards he married Margaret, daughter of Baron Fitzalan, whose family, like that of de Ros, was well-connected and implacably opposed to King Richard II. In 1399 Richard confiscated the estates of his cousin, Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Lancaster, and exiled him. When Henry invaded England several months later, de Ros took his side almost immediately. After Henry declared himself King Henry IV, de Ros voted in the House of Lords for the former king's imprisonment. He became an important aide and counsellor to King Henry, and regularly spoke for him in parliament. He also supported Henry in his military campaigns, participating in the invasion of Scotland in 1400 and assisting in the suppression of Richard le Scrope's rebellion five years later. (Full article...)

Recently featured:

Did you know...

Chili Williams in a polka-dot bikini
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In the news

On this day...

November 1: Samhain and Beltane in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, respectively; Rajyotsava (Formation Day) in Karnataka, India (1956)

Ansel Adams
Ansel Adams
More anniversaries:
9th-century manuscript of the Nihon Shoki
9th-century manuscript of the Nihon Shoki

In Japan, seventy-one Japanese books are designated as National Treasures. The term has been used in Japan to denote cultural properties since 1897, although the definition and criteria of National Treasures have changed over time. Writing was introduced from Korea to Japan around 400 AD in the form of Chinese books, with work done in Chinese by immigrant scribes from the mainland. The earliest extant large-scale works compiled in Japan are the 8th-century historical chronicles the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki (manuscript pictured). Other early Japanese works from the Nara period include biographies of Prince Shōtoku, cultural and geographical records (fudoki) and the Man'yōshū, the first anthology of Japanese poetry. More than half of the 71 designated treasures are works of poetry and prose. Another large segment consists of historical works such as manuscripts of the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki. (Full list...)

Recently featured:
Diwali

Diwali is a five-day Hindu festival of lights which symbolises the spiritual victory of light over darkness and good over evil. It commemorates the day when Hindu god Rama, along with his wife-consort Sita and brother Lakshmana, returned to his kingdom of Ayodhya after defeating demon-king Ravana and following 14 years of exile. Celebrations peak on the night of the third day of the festival—the main day of Diwali, which is today—marking the darkest night of the Hindu lunisolar calendar. People celebrate on this day by lighting traditional lamps (diyas) and candles. Pictured here is a woman lighting candles on Diwali.

Photograph credit: AjoyDutta1997; edited by Aristeas

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Welcome to Wikipedia,
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From today's featured article

Coat of arms of de Ros
Coat of arms of de Ros

William de Ros, 6th Baron Ros (c. 1370 – 1 November 1414), was an English nobleman, politician and soldier. He inherited his father's feudal barony and extensive estates centred on Lincolnshire in 1394. Shortly afterwards he married Margaret, daughter of Baron Fitzalan, whose family, like that of de Ros, was well-connected and implacably opposed to King Richard II. In 1399 Richard confiscated the estates of his cousin, Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Lancaster, and exiled him. When Henry invaded England several months later, de Ros took his side almost immediately. After Henry declared himself King Henry IV, de Ros voted in the House of Lords for the former king's imprisonment. He became an important aide and counsellor to King Henry, and regularly spoke for him in parliament. He also supported Henry in his military campaigns, participating in the invasion of Scotland in 1400 and assisting in the suppression of Richard le Scrope's rebellion five years later. (Full article...)

Recently featured:

Did you know...

Chili Williams in a polka-dot bikini
Chili Williams in a polka-dot bikini

In the news

On this day...

November 1: Samhain and Beltane in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, respectively; Rajyotsava (Formation Day) in Karnataka, India (1956)

Ansel Adams
Ansel Adams
More anniversaries:
9th-century manuscript of the Nihon Shoki
9th-century manuscript of the Nihon Shoki

In Japan, seventy-one Japanese books are designated as National Treasures. The term has been used in Japan to denote cultural properties since 1897, although the definition and criteria of National Treasures have changed over time. Writing was introduced from Korea to Japan around 400 AD in the form of Chinese books, with work done in Chinese by immigrant scribes from the mainland. The earliest extant large-scale works compiled in Japan are the 8th-century historical chronicles the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki (manuscript pictured). Other early Japanese works from the Nara period include biographies of Prince Shōtoku, cultural and geographical records (fudoki) and the Man'yōshū, the first anthology of Japanese poetry. More than half of the 71 designated treasures are works of poetry and prose. Another large segment consists of historical works such as manuscripts of the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki. (Full list...)

Recently featured:
Diwali

Diwali is a five-day Hindu festival of lights which symbolises the spiritual victory of light over darkness and good over evil. It commemorates the day when Hindu god Rama, along with his wife-consort Sita and brother Lakshmana, returned to his kingdom of Ayodhya after defeating demon-king Ravana and following 14 years of exile. Celebrations peak on the night of the third day of the festival—the main day of Diwali, which is today—marking the darkest night of the Hindu lunisolar calendar. People celebrate on this day by lighting traditional lamps (diyas) and candles. Pictured here is a woman lighting candles on Diwali.

Photograph credit: AjoyDutta1997; edited by Aristeas

Recently featured:

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