Typhoon Bolaven (2012): Difference between revisions

Typhoon Bolaven (Julian)
Very strong typhoon (JMA scale)
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS)
	Typhoon Bolaven at peak intensity on August 25
Formed	August 19, 2012
Dissipated	September 1, 2012
	(Extratropical after August 29, 2012)
Highest winds	10-minute sustained: 185 km/h (115 mph) ; 1-minute sustained: 230 km/h (145 mph) ;
Lowest pressure	910 hPa (mbar); 26.87 inHg
Fatalities	88 total, 56 missing
Damage	$475 million (2012 USD)
Areas affected	Ryukyu Islands, Kyushu Northeastern China, South Korea, North Korea, Russian Far East
	Part of the 2012 Pacific typhoon season

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Typhoon Bolaven, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Julian, was regarded as the most powerful storm to strike the Korean Peninsula in nearly a decade,^[1] with wind gusts measured up to 186 km/h (116 mph). Forming as a tropical depression on August 19, 2012 to the southwest of the Mariana Islands, Bolaven steadily intensified as it slowly moved west-northwestward in a region favoring tropical development. The system was soon upgraded to a tropical storm less than a day after formation and further to a typhoon by August 21. Strengthening became more gradual thereafter as Bolaven grew in size. On August 24, the system attained its peak intensity with winds of 185 km/h (115 mph)^{[nb 1]} and a barometric pressure of 910 mbar (hPa; 26.87 inHg). Weakening only slightly, the storm passed directly over Okinawa on August 26 as it began accelerating toward the north. Steady weakening continued as Bolaven approached the Korean Peninsula and it eventually made landfall in North Korea late on August 28 before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone. The remnants rapidly tracked northeastward over the Russian Far East before turning eastward and were last noted on September 1 crossing the International Dateline.

Although Bolaven struck the Ryukyu Islands as a powerful typhoon, damage was less than expected. Relatively few buildings were damaged or destroyed across the region. The most significant effects stemmed from heavy rains, amounting to 551.5 mm (21.71 in), that caused flash flooding and landslides. One person drowned on Amami Ōshima after being swept away by a swollen river. In mainland Japan, two people drowned after being swept away by rough seas. In South Korea, 19 people were killed by the storm. Many buildings were damaged and approximately 1.9 million homes were left without power. Losses in the country reached ₩420 billion (US$374.3 million), the majority of which was due to destroyed apple orchards. Significant damage also took place in North Korea where at least 59 people were killed and 50 others were reported missing. Additionally, 6,700 homes were destroyed. Offshore, nine people drowned after two Chinese vessels sank.

Meteorological history

On August 18, an area of showers and thunderstorms associated with a trough formed about 520 km (320 mi) west-southwest of Guam.^[2] Over the following day, a low-level circulation developed within the trough. Tracking slowly northeastward into a region of warm sea surface temperatures, low wind shear, and favorable divergence, continued development was anticipated.^[3]^[4] Later on August 19, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)^{[nb 2]} issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert as the system was anticipated to develop further.^[6] Hours later, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)^{[nb 3]} classified the low as a tropical depression.^[4] The JTWC followed suit early on August 20, designating the system as Tropical Depression 16W.^[8] Following the development of convective banding features along the southern side of the low, both the JMA and JTWC upgraded the depression to a tropical storm, with the former assigning it the name Bolaven. By this time, the storm began turning northwestward in response to a subtropical ridge south of Japan.^[9]^[10] Later on August 20, microwave imagery from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite depicted a weak eye-like feature.^[11]

Early on August 21, the JMA upgraded Bolaven to a severe tropical storm, with maximum estimated winds at 95 km/h (60 mph).^[12] Throughout the day, a large central dense overcast developed around the low-level circulation and banding features became more prominent, especially over the southern half of the storm. However, the northwestern quadrant of Bolaven struggled to organize as quickly due to moderate wind shear produced by a nearby upper-level anticyclone. Due to the improved structure, both the JMA and JTWC upgraded Bolaven to a typhoon during the latter half of August 21.^[13]^[14] Gradual intensification ensued over the following days as the storm became increasingly organized.^[15] A second anticyclone developed over the center of Bolaven later that day and enhanced the cyclone's poleward outflow.^[16] Although subsidence and wind shear increased along the northern edge of the storm on August 23, the system's outflow allowed it mitigate the negative effects ahead of it.^[17]

Due to the storm's large size, it began turning towards the north-northwest along the subtropical ridge on August 24, earlier than anticipated.^[18] During this brief turn, the center of Bolaven crossed 135°E, entering the area of responsibility of the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). As such, the administration assigned the typhoon with the local name Julian.^[19] Later that day, a well-defined, 18 km (11 mi) wide eye developed within the central dense overcast and several additional feeder bands formed along the south side of the circulation. Based on the improved structure, the JTWC estimated that the system attained one-minute sustained winds of 215 km/h (135 mph), equivalent to a Category 4 on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale.^[20]^[21] By the morning of August 25, Bolaven began to undergo an eyewall replacement cycle.^[22] Despite the slightly degrading structure, the JTWC estimated the storm to have intensified slightly, attaining one-minute winds of 230 km/h (145 mph).^[23]

On August 25, Bolaven began to interact with Typhoon Tembin, which was located over the South China Sea, causing Tembin to execute a slow counter-clockwise loop.^[24] An outer eyewall became more apparent late on August 25 with a clear second ring of deep convection surrounding the original eye.^[25] Similar to the JTWC, the JMA continued to indicate that Bolaven was intensifying through early on August 26. At that time, the JMA estimated the typhoon to have reached its peak intensity with winds of 185 km/h (115 mph) and a barometric pressure of 910 mbar (hPa; 26.87 inHg).^[26] As the system approached Okinawa, radar imagery showed a 55 km (34 mi) wide eyewall surrounding a small, but well-organized 11 km (6.8 mi) wide inner eyewall.^[27] Shortly before 1500 UTC on August 26, the center of Bolaven passed directly over Okinawa. At the time, the JTWC assessed the system to have had one-minute sustained winds of 195 km/h (120 mph) while the JMA estimated the winds to be 175 km/h (110 mph).^[28]^[29] Early on August 27, the storm's inner eyewall collapsed as the eyewall replacement cycle finished, with the new eye estimated to be about 220 km (140 mi) in diameter. In addition to its unusually large eye, the storm itself was large, spanning approximately 890 to 1,020 km (550 to 630 mi).^[30] However, microwave satellite imagery indicated an overall weakening of the western side of the storm. Accelerating northward, Bolaven maintained a well-defined outflow due to a large tropical upper-tropospheric trough to its southeast and a mid-latitude trough to the northwest.^[31]

As the storm moved northward over the Yellow Sea, atmospheric conditions became increasingly hostile, with significantly lower sea surface temperatures and high wind shear.^[30] During the overnight of August 27–28, the typhoon brushed South Korea as a weakening cyclone. Convection on the west side of the storm diminished and its feeder bands began to collapse.^[32] Increasing shear started taking its toll early on August 28 as convection became displaced from the center of circulation, leaving part of the southwestern quadrant exposed. This also indicated that Bolaven had begun to undergo an extratropical transition as it approached the Korean Peninsula. Following structural weakening, the JMA and JTWC downgraded Bolaven to a severe tropical storm and tropical storm, respectively.^[33]^[34] Hours before moving onshore in North Korea, the majority of the convection had moved over land while the circulation and the center itself had only stratocumulus clouds covering it.^[35] Around 1500 UTC on August 28, Bolaven made landfall in North Korea with winds of 100 km/h (65 mph).^[36] Rapidly moving towards the northeast, the storm became fully embedded within a baroclinic zone near the China–North Korea border later that day.^[37] The JMA continued to monitor Bolaven as a tropical cyclone until early on August 29, at which time the system was situated over the southern region of the Russian Far East.^[38] The extratropical remnants later turned eastward and were last noted on September 1 crossing the International Dateline.^[39]

Preparations

Philippines

On August 24, fishing vessels and small craft off the northern and eastern coasts of Luzon, Philippines were advised to not venture out due to large swells produced by Typhoons Bolaven and Tembin.^[40]

Ryukyu Islands

On August 22, hours before the JTWC classified Bolaven as a typhoon, Okinawa was placed under Tropical Cyclone Condition of Readiness (TCCR) four.^[41] The following day, media reports began calling Typhoon Bolaven "the bad one." At this time, the then Category 4-equivalent typhoon was expected to pass directly over Okinawa and based on forecasts from the JTWC, it would be the most powerful storm to hit the island in 13 years.^[42] On August 24, the TCCR was raised to level three.^[43] During the afternoon of August 25, the TCCR was raised to the third-highest level, one. Residents were urged to have all their preparations complete as soon as possible before the storm arrived.^[44] This was further raised to TCCR 1-C (caution) as tropical storm force winds began impacting the island.^[45]

Across Ishigaki Island, all public activities were canceled by August 24 and flights to mainland Japan were suspended. Ferry service to Kagoshima Prefecture was also canceled.^[46] Throughout Okinawa, 850 people, including 300 in Naha, evacuated to public shelters due to the threat of flooding.^[47] Transportation across the island was paralyzed due to the storm as ferry terminals, airports, and bus and rail services were shut down.^[48] During the evening of August 25, All Nippon Airways and Japan Airlines canceled all flights to and from the Ryukyu Islands, south of Amami Ōshima for August 26 and the morning of August 27.^[49] The slow motion of the storm led meteorologists at the JMA to warn residents of a potential record rainfall event, stating that localized areas could receive between 400 and 600 mm (16 and 24 in) of rain. Rainfall rates were expected to reach nearly 150 mm (5.9 in) per hour during the height of the storm.^[50]^[51] Due to the significant threat of flash flooding and mudslides, residents living in flood-prone or mountainous areas were urged to evacuate.^[52]

China

Although located more than 500 km (310 mi) away from Eastern China, officials in the country issued sea warnings on August 27 due to waves estimated between 9 and 12 m (30 and 39 ft) over the East China Sea and Yellow Sea.^[53] In Northeastern China, ferry service along the Yalu River in Dandong City was suspended the same day. Due to the threat of heavy rains, approximately 23,000 were evacuated in Jiangsu Province.^[54] In Weihai city, more than 2,000 vessels sought refuge at port and ferry services were canceled.^[55] In Shanghai, more than 100 flights were canceled on August 28 due to the storm.^[56]

Korean Peninsula and Russia

Initially, forecasts from the JMA and Korea Meteorological Administration indicated that Bolaven would strike the country at an intensity greater than that of the nation's worst typhoon disaster in decades: Typhoon Rusa in 2002.^[57] On August 27, nearly all of South Korea was placed under a typhoon warning as the storm approached.^[58] The state disaster relief board went to its highest alert level prior to the storm's arrival. More than 400 flights were canceled across the country, including 109 international flights from Incheon International Airport. The majority of cancellations were domestic flights, mainly from Ningbo to Jeju Island.^[59]^[60] Local authorities conducted safety inspections of areas prone to landslides and closed off beaches and seawalls. Residents in flood-prone areas were encouraged to evacuate for their own safety as well. Along the coast, hundreds of ships sought refuge from rough seas in various harbors and ports.^[57] Numerous ports banned sea travel and shut down activities by August 27, and 68 of the nation's 87 ferry routes were canceled. In Busan, all ships were not allowed access to the docks until the typhoon's passage.^[59]

Storm warnings were issued as far north as the Russian Far East as officials anticipated the remnants of the typhoon to cause significant disruption in the region. Residents were advised to avoid outdoor activities from August 28 to 29 as the storm moved through.^[61] In the Sea of Japan, more than 100 ships sought refuge in bays across the Primorsky Krai.^[62] Ferry service to all islands in the region was also suspended.^[63] All military personnel in the region were placed at an elevated state of readiness for the storm.^[64] On August 28, crisis centers were opened in 12 cities and 22 districts across Primorsky Krai.^[65] Although the storm was expected to cause significant disruptions in the region, Russian Emergencies Minister Vladimir Puchkov stated that the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Summit in Vladivostok would continue as planned.^[66]

Impact

Japan

Regarded as the most powerful typhoon to strike the region since 1956,^[67] strong winds in Japan's Kagoshima Prefecture left approximately 60,000 residences without power.^[68] Although a strong storm when it passed over Okinawa, damage was less than initially feared.^[69] Across Okinawa, sustained winds were measured up to 167 km/h (104 mph) with gusts to 222 km/h (138 mph).^[70] On Okinoerabujima, wind gusts were measured up to 153 km/h (95 mph).^[71] At Kadena Air Base, a barometric pressure of 952 mb (hPa; 28.11 inHg) was measured as the storm passed over.^[28] Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted and dozens of buildings were damaged by the winds.^[72] Throughout the Ryukyu Islands, rainfall peaked in Setouchi, Kagoshima at 551.5 mm (21.71 in).^[73] In Kunigami, 535 mm (21.1 in) of rain fell during the storm.^[74] These rains triggered flash flooding across several islands. On Amami Ōshima, one person drowned after being swept away by a swollen river.^[75] Numerous landslides took place across the islands, damaging roads and buildings.^[76] During the height of the storm, the highest level of warning, TCCR 1-E (emergency), was issued for the island, indicating that all outdoor activities were banned.^[70] Numerous roads and bridges were either shut down or blocked by debris across many of the islands, making travel difficult.^[77] Damage to public facilities throughout Kagoshima reached ¥6.3 billion (US$80.6 million).^[78]

Due to the threat of landslides, 5,500 households were evacuated across the Amami Islands on August 27.^[68] One home was destroyed and 1,065 residences were evacuated in Tokunoshima.^[79] Eight people were injured across the island and 549 sought refuge in public shelters.^[69]^[80] In Yonabaru, the typhoon's storm surge and large swells flooded coastal highways and inundated nearby buildings.^[81] Large sections of roads were also washed away by the storm.^[72] Cellphone service was lost late on August 26 throughout much of Okinawa Prefecture.^[82]

Passing over Okinawa with a central pressure of 910 mbar (hPa; 26.87 inHg), Bolaven became one of the most intense typhoons to ever strike the region.^[79] Off the coast of Wakayama Prefecture, swells from the typhoon battered fishing vessels and knocked the captain of one ship overboard. Although a rescue helicopter was quick to reach him, he was later pronounced dead at a local hospital.^[83] Just off the coast of Jogashima Misaki-cho in Miura, Kanagawa, two boys were swept away by large swells. A mother attempted to swim after them to save them but later drowned. The two boys were later rescued with minor injuries by the Coast Guard.^[84] Although the storm did not strike the Japanese mainland, its outer bands brought showers and thunderstorms to parts of Kyushu.^[85] Due to the rains, rail service in Saga Prefecture was temporarily suspended, affecting 4,200 passengers. In Isahaya, one person was injured after being struck by a billboard downed by high winds.^[86] Throughout Japan, losses to agriculture and fisheries amounted to ¥423.28 million (US$5.39 million).^[87]

South Korea

The first area in South Korea impacted by Typhoon Bolaven was Jeju Island, a small island located off the southwestern coast of the nation. There, high winds from the storm downed power poles, broke street lamps, and damaged buildings. More than 70,000 households on the island lost power.^[88] On Jeollanam-do Wando, a wind gust of 186 km/h (116 mph) was recorded during the storm's passage.^[89] Across the country, approximately 1.9 million people lost power, though it was quickly restored to all but 34,000 within a day.^[90] In Seoul, strong winds damaged street lamps, church spires, and downed signs.^[91] Due to various storm-related incidents, hundreds of people had to be evacuated. Throughout the country, at least 19 people were killed by Typhoon Bolaven.^[1]^[92] Reports indicated that there was extensive property damage from the storm. Many buildings lost their roofs, several collapsed, and smaller structures were blown over.^[89] In Gwangju, a record 10,004 emergency calls were made in one day in relation to the storm, the majority of which were about fallen billboards.^[93]

In Naju, the country's largest producer of pears, approximately 1,400 hectares (3,460 acres) of pear trees, or 60% of the total crop, was destroyed. Agriculture as a whole suffered significantly from the storm, with a total of 9,000 hectares (22,000 acres) of apple and pear plantations being destroyed. As a result, the price of produce across the nation jumped substantially.^[94] In Yesan alone, a town where more than 1,500 families relies on their apple orchards for a living, losses to the orchards reached ₩300 billion (US$265.4 million).^[95] The prices of spinach, cabbage, and lettuce rose by 124%, 72%, and 26% respectively in just one day.^[94] Total losses throughout the country were estimated at ₩420 billion (US$374.3 million).^[96] More than 500 people were left homeless as a result of Bolaven, mostly in South Jeolla Province.^[90]^[97] Additionally, economic losses to airlines related to the typhoon reached ₩17 billion ($15 million). Korean Air and Asiana Airlines suffered the greatest losses of the affected companies.^[98]

About 2 km (1.2 mi) off the coast of Jeju Island, two Chinese vessels with a total of 33 people aboard, sank during the storm on August 28. According to local media, 18 of the crewmen were rescued or swam back to shore while 9 drowned and 6 others remained missing.^[1]^[99] Off the coast of South Gyeongsang Province, a 77,458 ton cargo ship ran aground during the storm and broke in half. Eighteen people were on board the vessel, though no one was injured during the incident.^[89]

North Korea

In North Korea, heavy rains from the storm triggered significant flooding and many landslides.^[100] The Korean Central News Agency reported wind speeds of more than 108 km/h (67 mph) in North Hwanghae, South Hwanghae, South Hamgyong, South Pyongan Provinces and the city of Nampho, and waves as high as 1.11 m (3.6 ft) in the sea of Kimchaek.^[101] According to the North Korean Hydrometeorological Management Office, wind gusts reached 130 km/h (81 mph).^[102] Widespread damage took place throughout the country as a result of the storm.^[103] The hardest hit area was South Hamgyong Province, where 48 people were killed and another 45 were reported missing. Across the province, 2,405 homes were destroyed and another 1,500 were damaged. In South Phyongan Province, eight people were killed and 714 homes were destroyed. Two people were killed in North Hamgyong Province and another died in Ryanggang Province.^[102] At least 8,950 homes were destroyed and approximately 101,000 hectares (250,000 acres) of crop and rice fields were flooded.^[102] More than a dozen schools and medical buildings were destroyed.^[104] Additionally, 16,730 trees were downed and 880 public and industrial buildings were severely damaged.^[103] In all, at least 59 people were killed, 50 others were reported missing, and more than 21,800 others were left homeless.^[102]

China and Russia

Northeastern China did not experience the full-force of Typhoon Bolaven, though heavy rains did impact the country.^[103] Changchun recorded the heaviest rains in China related to Bolaven, with 120.6 mm (4.75 in) falling. In the city alone, 25 roads were flooded and 20 power poles were downed.^[105] Thousands of people were evacuated due to flooding triggered by the storm.^[103] Gale-force winds in Jilin Province damaged approximately 690,000 hectares (1.7 million acres) of crops.^[106] Rainfall amounting to 139 mm (5.5 in) caused localized flooding, disrupting transportation in Heilongjiang Province. Throughout Northeastern China, an estimated 40 million people were affected by the typhoon.^[107]

On August 29, the remnants of Bolaven brought winds up to 90 km/h (56 mph) in the Primorsky Krai, leaving 9,800 people without power. Power was soon restored to all but 195 residents who live in the town of Vityaz.^[108] In Vladivostok, wind gusts reached 118 km/h (73 mph), downing numerous trees.^[109] Rains associated with the storm were light, with only 5 mm (0.20 in) recorded in Vladivostok.^[110] Gale-force winds prompted the temporary closure of the Bridge to Russky Island, which was built specifically for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Summit. With ferries already canceled, residents were unable to leave the island until the storm passed.^[63] In the Khabarovsk Krai, heavy rains from the storm proved beneficial as they allowed firefighters to extinguish six wildfires and contain five others within a 24‑hour span.^[111] Along the coast, large waves caused some beach erosion and prompted evacuations in Manchzhurka. Additionally, five people had to be rescued after ignoring warnings and wading into the sea.^[112] In some areas, large numbers of crabs, fish, and oysters washed ashore during the storm.^[113]

Aftermath

South Korea

By September 6, farmers in southern areas of the country requested aid from the government.^[114] In South Jeolla Province, ₩35 billion (US$31.1 million) was allocated for post-storm recovery. Of this, about half went to repairing public facilities. Across the province, repairs were expected to be completed by October or November 2012.^[115] On September 11, the Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister announced that residents severely affected by the typhoon were eligible for up to ₩50 million (US$44,000) in construction assistance.^[116] Economically, Typhoons Bolaven and Tembin contributed to a 6.6% decrease in construction investment, the largest drop since January 2003.^[117]

North Korea

On September 4, Hwang Woo-yea, chairman of South Korea's Saenuri Party, urged the government to seek international aid, namely in the form of food, for North Korean residents affected by the typhoon.^[118] On September 6, the Red Cross Society of Democratic People's Republic of Korea announced that international aid may be requested for the effects of severe flooding in July and Typhoon Bolaven. Locally, the Red Cross distributed 2,515 emergency kits to more than 11,600 people in three of the hardest hit provinces.^[102] During the first week of September, the government of North Korea requested aid from South Korea and later accepted their offer of 10,000 tons of flour, and 3 million packages of instant noodles, medical supplies and other aid.^[119] Additionally, the United Nations World Food Program called for emergency assistance for the country.^[120] However, despite initially agreeing to terms with South Korea, North Korea rejected the aid offer, stating that "they don't need such aid."^[119]

Notes

^ All winds are in ten-minute sustained standards, as per the Japan Meteorological Agency, unless otherwise stated.
^ The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.^[5]
^ The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.^[7]

References

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^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 29". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 27, 2012. Archived from the original on August 27, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 32". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 27, 2012. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 33". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 28, 2012. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Seventy-Five". Japan Meteorological Agency. August 28, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 35". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 28, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Seventy-Eight". Japan Meteorological Agency. August 28, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "Tropical Storm 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 36 (Final)". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 28, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Eighty-Three (Final)". Japan Meteorological Agency. August 29, 2012. Archived from the original on August 30, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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External links

JMA General Information of Typhoon Bolaven (1215) from Digital Typhoon
JMA Best Track Data of Typhoon Bolaven (1215) Template:Ja icon
JTWC Best Track Data of Typhoon 16W (Bolaven)
16W.BOLAVEN from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory

[2] All winds are in ten-minute sustained standards, as per the Japan Meteorological Agency, unless otherwise stated.

[7] The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.^[5]

[10] The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.^[7]

[AFP2-1] "Second typhoon pounds S. Korea, kills two". Agence France-Presse. Seoul, South Korea. August 30, 2012. Archived from the original on August 30, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[3] "Significant Tropical Weather Outlook for the Western and South Pacific Ocean". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 18, 2012. Archived from the original on August 19, 2012. Retrieved September 4, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[4] "Significant Tropical Weather Outlook for the Western and South Pacific Oceans". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 19, 2012. Archived from the original on August 19, 2012. Retrieved September 4, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[JMA1-5] "JMA High Seas Forecast". Japan Meteorological Agency. August 19, 2012. Archived from the original on August 19, 2012. Retrieved September 4, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[6] "Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2011. Archived from the original on July 26, 2007. Retrieved September 4, 2012.

[8] "Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 19, 2012. Archived from the original on August 19, 2012. Retrieved September 4, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[9] Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2002 (PDF) (Report). Japan Meteorological Agency. 24. Retrieved September 4, 2012.

[11] "Tropical Depression 16W (Sixteen) Warning NR 001". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 20, 2012. Archived from the original on August 20, 2012. Retrieved September 4, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[12] "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 002". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 20, 2012. Archived from the original on August 20, 2012. Retrieved September 4, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[13] "JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Three". Japan Meteorological Agency. August 20, 2012. Archived from the original on August 20, 2012. Retrieved September 4, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[14] "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 003". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 20, 2012. Archived from the original on August 20, 2012. Retrieved September 4, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[15] "JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Nine". Japan Meteorological Agency. August 21, 2012. Archived from the original on August 21, 2012. Retrieved September 4, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[16] "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 07". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 21, 2012. Archived from the original on August 22, 2012. Retrieved September 4, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[17] "JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Thirteen". Japan Meteorological Agency. August 21, 2012. Archived from the original on August 22, 2012. Retrieved September 4, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[18] "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 09". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on August 22, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[19] "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 10". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on August 23, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[20] "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 14". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 23, 2012. Archived from the original on August 23, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[21] "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 17". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 24, 2012. Archived from the original on August 24, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[22] "Another typhoon enters as "Igme" exits to Taiwan". Sunstar. August 24, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012.

[23] "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 18". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 24, 2012. Archived from the original on August 24, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[24] "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 20". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 24, 2012. Archived from the original on August 25, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[25] "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 21". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 25, 2012. Archived from the original on August 25, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[26] "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 22". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 25, 2012. Archived from the original on August 26, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[27] "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 15W (Tembin) Warning NR 27". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 25, 2012. Archived from the original on August 26, 2012. Retrieved November 26, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[28] "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 24". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 25, 2012. Archived from the original on August 26, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[29] "JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Forty-Nine". Japan Meteorological Agency. August 26, 2012. Archived from the original on August 26, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[30] "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 26". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 26, 2012. Archived from the original on August 27, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[JTWCProg27-31] "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 27". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 26, 2012. Archived from the original on August 27, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[32] "JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Fifty-Four". Japan Meteorological Agency. August 26, 2012. Archived from the original on August 27, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[JTWCProg30-33] "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 30". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 27, 2012. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[34] "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 29". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 27, 2012. Archived from the original on August 27, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[35] "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 32". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 27, 2012. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[36] "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 33". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 28, 2012. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[37] "JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Seventy-Five". Japan Meteorological Agency. August 28, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[38] "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 35". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 28, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[39] "JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Seventy-Eight". Japan Meteorological Agency. August 28, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[40] "Tropical Storm 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 36 (Final)". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 28, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[41] "JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Eighty-Three (Final)". Japan Meteorological Agency. August 29, 2012. Archived from the original on August 30, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[42] "Typhoon Bolaven (1215) RSMC Best Track". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 26, 2012. Archived from the original on September 26, 2012. Retrieved October 1, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[43] "'Julian' maintains strength, heads closer to North Luzon". Sunnex. Philippine Sun Star. August 24, 2012. Archived from the original on October 3, 2012. Retrieved October 3, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[44] Dave Ornauer (August 22, 2012). "Typhoon 16W (Bolaven), # 4". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved August 29, 2012.

[45] Dave Ornauer (August 23, 2012). "Typhoon 16W (Bolaven), # 8". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved August 29, 2012.

[46] Dave Ornauer (August 24, 2012). "Typhoon 16W (Bolaven), # 9: TCCOR 3 on Okinawa". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved August 29, 2012.

[47] Dave Ornauer (August 25, 2012). "Typhoon 16W (Bolaven), # 12: TCCOR 1 issued for Okinawa". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved August 29, 2012.

[48] Dave Ornauer (August 25, 2012). "Typhoon 16W (Bolaven), #14; TCCOR 1-C issued for Okinawa". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved August 29, 2012.

[49] 台風、週末に影響　イベント延期や中止. 琉球新報 (in Japanese). Yahoo! News. August 24, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[50] 台風１５号、沖縄で４人軽傷２７日、九州全域強風域に (in Japanese). Asahi. August 27, 2012. Archived from the original on September 24, 2012. Retrieved September 24, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[51] "Powerful typhoon hits southern Japan". Tokyo, Japan: Agence France-Presse. August 25, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[52] 南西諸島方面の空の便、26日はほぼ全便運休……台風15号. RBB Today (in Japanese). Yahoo! News. August 25, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[53] 台風15号、沖縄に接近＝記録的暴風雨に警戒―気象庁. 時事通信 (in Japanese). Yahoo! News. August 25, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[54] ＜台風１５号＞沖縄本島に接近へ　気象庁「最大級の警戒を」. 毎日新聞 (in Japanese). Yahoo! News. August 25, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[55] 台風１５号　大東、本島きょう暴風域. 琉球新報 (in Japanese). Yahoo! News. August 25, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[Xinhua1-56] "Typhoon Bolaven to bring huge waves to Chinese coast". Xinhua General News. August 27, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2012.

[Xinhua2-57] "Typhoon Bolaven to land in NE China". Xinhua General News. August 27, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2012.

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[59] 台風１５号、上海の二大空港に影響　１００便以上が欠航. 毎日中国経済 (in Japanese). Yahoo! News. August 28, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[Yonhap1-60] "Unusually powerful typhoon to batter Korean Peninsula". Seoul, South Korea: Yonhap News. August 26, 2012. Archived from the original on August 30, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

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[SBS1-62] "South Korea on alert as typhoon Bolaven nears". Australian Associated Press. SBS World News. August 27, 2012. Archived from the original on August 30, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[63] Seonjin Cha and Rose Kim (August 28, 2012). "Typhoon Bolaven Capsizes Fishing Boats, Lashes Korea". Bloomberg Businessweek. Archived from the original on August 30, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[64] "Storm Warning in Russia's Far East as Typhoon Nears". RIA Novosti. August 27, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[65] "Ships take shelter from Bolaven Typhoon in Russia's Primorye bays". The Voice of Russia. August 29, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[TVOR1-66] "Bridge to Russky Island closed due to typhoon". The Voice of Russia. August 29, 2012. Archived from the original on August 30, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[67] "Russia's Far East on Alert as Typhoon Bolaven Approaches". Moscow, Russia: RIA Novosti. August 28, 2012. Archived from the original on August 30, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

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[CNN1-72] "Massive Typhoon Bolaven roars over Okinawa, heads for Koreas". Tokyo, Japan: CNN. August 27, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2012.

[S&S17-73] Dave Ornauer (August 27, 2012). "Typhoon 16W (Bolaven), # 17: Okinawa enters TCCOR 1-E". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved August 29, 2012.

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[85] 台風で携帯電話に通信障害…鹿児島・沖縄で. 読売新聞 (in Japanese). Yahoo! News. August 27, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[86] 台風影響で高波、漁船転覆…ヘリ救助も船長死亡. 読売新聞 (in Japanese). Yahoo! News. August 28, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[87] 高波にさらわれ男児不明…助けようとした母死亡. 読売新聞 (in Japanese). Yahoo! News. August 28, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[88] ＜台風１５号＞九州本土に２７日から２８日に最接近. 毎日新聞 (in Japanese). Yahoo! News. August 25, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[89] ＜台風１５号＞九州地方　局地的な大雨に警戒呼びかけ. 毎日新聞 (in Japanese). Yahoo! News. August 28, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[90] 台風１５号　被害４億２３３８万円. 琉球新報 (in Japanese). Yahoo! News. August 30, 2012. Archived from the original on August 30, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[91] 台風15号で中国漁船2隻が転覆、韓国・済州島沖. ＡＦＰ＝時事 (in Japanese). Yahoo! News. August 28, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[Yahoo3-92] 風速歴代５位の台風１５号、強風被害が大きかった…韓国人１０人が死亡. 中央日報日本語版 (in Japanese). Yahoo! News. August 29, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[HP1-93] "Typhoon Bolaven 2012: Powerful Winds, Rain Smash Ships". Associated Press. Seoul, South Korea: Huffington Post. August 29, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012.

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[95] 台風15号　ソウルの強風注意報解除＝死者15人. 聯合ニュース (in Japanese). Yahoo! News. August 29, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[96] 태풍 볼라벤이 남긴 또 하나의 기록. 대한민국 중심언론 (in Korean). No Cut News. August 31, 2012. Archived from the original on September 24, 2012. Retrieved September 24, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

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[NewsWire1-105] "Death toll from Typhoon Bolaven in North Korea reaches 59". BNO News. Pyongyang, North Korea: NewsWire Update. September 6, 2012. Archived from the original on September 6, 2012. Retrieved September 6, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

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[110] 马学玲 (August 29, 2012). 台风"布拉万"致中国东北部分地区受灾. 新华网 (in Chinese). China News. Archived from the original on September 24, 2012. Retrieved September 24, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[111] "Typhoon Bolaven Cuts Electricity in Far East". RIA Novosti. August 29, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[112] "Consequences of Typhoon Bolaven in Primorye Territory". RIA Novosti. August 29, 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

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[115] Тайфун "Болавен" затопил пляж Манчжурка в Хасанском районе Приморья (in Russian). Prima Media. August 29, 2012. Archived from the original on September 24, 2012. Retrieved September 24, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[116] ロシア東部湾岸に大量のカキやカニ押し寄せる台風１５号で. 毎日中国経済 (in Japanese). Yahoo! News. September 27, 2012. Archived from the original on October 3, 2012. Retrieved October 3, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[117] "KGC인삼공사, 태풍 피해 인삼농가 복구지원". 대한민국 중심언론 (in Korean). No Cut News. September 6, 2012. Archived from the original on September 24, 2012. Retrieved September 24, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[118] 전만오 기자 (September 20, 2012). 보성군, 태풍 피해복구 177억 원 투입 (in Korean). Namdo Broadcasting Network. Archived from the original on September 20, 2012. Retrieved September 20, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[119] 태풍으로 부서진 농어촌 주택 긴급 복구 지원 (in Korean). 옥답. September 11, 2012. Retrieved September 24, 2012.

[120] ８月の製造業稼働率、３９カ月ぶり最低水準＝韓国. 中央日報日本語版 (in Japanese). Yahoo! News. October 1, 2012. Archived from the original on October 3, 2012. Retrieved October 3, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[121] Kim Young-jin (September 4, 2012). "Saenuri party leader calls for Bolaven aid to NK". The Korea Times. Archived from the original on September 5, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[CNN3-122] K.J. Kwon (September 10, 2012). "Typhoon-stricken North Korea rebuffs aid offer from South". CNN. Retrieved September 12, 2012.

[CNN4-123] K.J. Kwon (September 10, 2012). "North Korea agrees to take South Korea aid". CNN. Retrieved September 12, 2012.

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@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 ==Meteorological history==
 {{storm path|Bolaven 2012 track.png}}
-On August&nbsp;18, an area of showers and thunderstorms associated with a [[Trough (meteorology)|trough]] formed about {{convert|520|km|mi|abbr=on}} west-southwest of [[Guam]].<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=August 18, 2012|accessdate=September 4, 2012|title=Significant Tropical Weather Outlook for the Western and South Pacific Ocean|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6A1qnSlx9}}</ref> Over the following day, a low-level circulation developed within the trough. Tracking slowly northeastward into a region of warm [[sea surface temperature]]s, low [[wind shear]], and favorable [[Cloud#Divergence|divergence]], continued [[tropical cyclogenesis|development]] was anticipated.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=August 19, 2012|accessdate=September 4, 2012|title=Significant Tropical Weather Outlook for the Western and South Pacific Oceans|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6A1qbUTgt}}</ref><ref name="JMA1"/> Later on August&nbsp;19, the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center|Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)]]{{#tag:ref|The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint [[United States Navy]]&nbsp;– [[United States Air Force]] task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|title=Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement|year=2011|accessdate=September 4, 2012|url=https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/menu/JTWC_mission.html|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070726103400/https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/menu/JTWC_mission.html|archivedate=July 26, 2007}}</ref>|group="nb"}} issued a [[Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert]] as the system was anticipated to develop further.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=August 19, 2012|accessdate=September 4, 2012|title=Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6A2KoEBfJ}}</ref> Hours later, the [[Japan Meteorological Agency|Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)]]{{#tag:ref|The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official [[Regional Specialized Meteorological Center]] for the western Pacific Ocean.<ref>{{cite report|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|at=24|title=Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2002|accessdate=September 4, 2012|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/AnnualReport/2002/Text/Text2002.pdf|format=[[PDF]]}}</ref>|group="nb"}} classified the low as a tropical depression.<ref name="JMA1">{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|date=August 19, 2012|accessdate=September 4, 2012|title=JMA High Seas Forecast|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6A2L0cwxy}}</ref> The JTWC followed suit early on August&nbsp;20, designating the system as Tropical Depression 16W.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=August 20, 2012|accessdate=September 4, 2012|title=Tropical Depression 16W (Sixteen) Warning NR 001|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6A482QKVM}}</ref> Following the development of [[atmospheric convection|convective]] [[rainband|banding features]] along the southern side of the low, both the JMA and JTWC upgraded the depression to a tropical storm, with the former assigning it the name ''Bolaven''. By this time, the storm began turning northwestward in response to a [[subtropical ridge]] south of [[Japan]].<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=August 20, 2012|accessdate=September 4, 2012|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 002|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6A483t0jw}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|date=August 20, 2012|accessdate=September 4, 2012|title=JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Three|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6A47u4B7F}}</ref> Later on August&nbsp;20, [[TRMM#TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI)|microwave imagery]] from the [[Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission]] satellite depicted a weak [[Eye (cyclone)|eye-like]] feature.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=August 20, 2012|accessdate=September 4, 2012|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 003|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6A483npOm}}</ref>
+On August&nbsp;18, an area of showers and thunderstorms associated with a [[Trough (meteorology)|trough]] formed about {{convert|520|km|mi|abbr=on}} west-southwest of [[Guam]].<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 18, 2012 |accessdate=September 4, 2012 |title=Significant Tropical Weather Outlook for the Western and South Pacific Ocean |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/ABPW10-PGTW_201208180600.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6A1qnSlx9 |archivedate=August 19, 2012 }}</ref> Over the following day, a low-level circulation developed within the trough. Tracking slowly northeastward into a region of warm [[sea surface temperature]]s, low [[wind shear]], and favorable [[Cloud#Divergence|divergence]], continued [[tropical cyclogenesis|development]] was anticipated.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 19, 2012 |accessdate=September 4, 2012 |title=Significant Tropical Weather Outlook for the Western and South Pacific Oceans |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/ABPW10-PGTW_201208190600.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6A1qbUTgt |archivedate=August 19, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="JMA1"/> Later on August&nbsp;19, the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center|Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)]]{{#tag:ref|The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint [[United States Navy]]&nbsp;– [[United States Air Force]] task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|title=Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement|year=2011|accessdate=September 4, 2012|url=https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/menu/JTWC_mission.html|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070726103400/https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/menu/JTWC_mission.html|archivedate=July 26, 2007}}</ref>|group="nb"}} issued a [[Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert]] as the system was anticipated to develop further.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 19, 2012 |accessdate=September 4, 2012 |title=Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpn21.pgtw..txt |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6A2KoEBfJ |archivedate=August 19, 2012 }}</ref> Hours later, the [[Japan Meteorological Agency|Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)]]{{#tag:ref|The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official [[Regional Specialized Meteorological Center]] for the western Pacific Ocean.<ref>{{cite report|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|at=24|title=Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2002|accessdate=September 4, 2012|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/AnnualReport/2002/Text/Text2002.pdf|format=[[PDF]]}}</ref>|group="nb"}} classified the low as a tropical depression.<ref name="JMA1">{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |date=August 19, 2012 |accessdate=September 4, 2012 |title=JMA High Seas Forecast |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ww/wwjp25.rjtd..txt |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6A2L0cwxy |archivedate=August 19, 2012 }}</ref> The JTWC followed suit early on August&nbsp;20, designating the system as Tropical Depression 16W.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 20, 2012 |accessdate=September 4, 2012 |title=Tropical Depression 16W (Sixteen) Warning NR 001 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN32-PGTW_201208200300.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6A482QKVM |archivedate=August 20, 2012 }}</ref> Following the development of [[atmospheric convection|convective]] [[rainband|banding features]] along the southern side of the low, both the JMA and JTWC upgraded the depression to a tropical storm, with the former assigning it the name ''Bolaven''. By this time, the storm began turning northwestward in response to a [[subtropical ridge]] south of [[Japan]].<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 20, 2012 |accessdate=September 4, 2012 |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 002 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201208200900.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6A483t0jw |archivedate=August 20, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |date=August 20, 2012 |accessdate=September 4, 2012 |title=JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Three |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ20-RJTD_201208200600.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6A47u4B7F |archivedate=August 20, 2012 }}</ref> Later on August&nbsp;20, [[TRMM#TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI)|microwave imagery]] from the [[Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission]] satellite depicted a weak [[Eye (cyclone)|eye-like]] feature.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 20, 2012 |accessdate=September 4, 2012 |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 003 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201208201500.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6A483npOm |archivedate=August 20, 2012 }}</ref>
-Early on August 21, the JMA upgraded Bolaven to a severe tropical storm, with maximum estimated winds at 95&nbsp;km/h (60&nbsp;mph).<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|date=August 21, 2012|accessdate=September 4, 2012|title=JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Nine|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6A4r76CJt}}</ref> Throughout the day, a large [[central dense overcast]] developed around the low-level circulation and banding features became more prominent, especially over the southern half of the storm. However, the northwestern quadrant of Bolaven struggled to organize as quickly due to moderate wind shear produced by a nearby [[Anticyclone#Upper tropospheric systems|upper-level anticyclone]]. Due to the improved structure, both the JMA and JTWC upgraded Bolaven to a typhoon during the latter half of August&nbsp;21.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=August 21, 2012|accessdate=September 4, 2012|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 07|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6A6OKbg6V}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|date=August 21, 2012|accessdate=September 4, 2012|title=JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Thirteen|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6A6OFSkjD}}</ref> Gradual intensification ensued over the following days as the storm became increasingly organized.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=August 22, 2012|accessdate=September 5, 2012|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 09|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6A6OKPFVK}}</ref> A second anticyclone developed over the center of Bolaven later that day and enhanced the cyclone's poleward [[Outflow (meteorology)|outflow]].<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=August 22, 2012|accessdate=September 5, 2012|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 10|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6A8LEfN4L}}</ref> Although [[Subsidence (atmosphere)|subsidence]] and wind shear increased along the northern edge of the storm on August&nbsp;23, the system's outflow allowed it mitigate the negative effects ahead of it.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=August 23, 2012|accessdate=September 5, 2012|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 14|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6A8LEMbt1}}</ref>
+Early on August 21, the JMA upgraded Bolaven to a severe tropical storm, with maximum estimated winds at 95&nbsp;km/h (60&nbsp;mph).<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |date=August 21, 2012 |accessdate=September 4, 2012 |title=JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Nine |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ20-RJTD_201208210000.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6A4r76CJt |archivedate=August 21, 2012 }}</ref> Throughout the day, a large [[central dense overcast]] developed around the low-level circulation and banding features became more prominent, especially over the southern half of the storm. However, the northwestern quadrant of Bolaven struggled to organize as quickly due to moderate wind shear produced by a nearby [[Anticyclone#Upper tropospheric systems|upper-level anticyclone]]. Due to the improved structure, both the JMA and JTWC upgraded Bolaven to a typhoon during the latter half of August&nbsp;21.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 21, 2012 |accessdate=September 4, 2012 |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 07 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201208211500.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6A6OKbg6V |archivedate=August 22, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |date=August 21, 2012 |accessdate=September 4, 2012 |title=JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Thirteen |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ20-RJTD_201208211200.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6A6OFSkjD |archivedate=August 22, 2012 }}</ref> Gradual intensification ensued over the following days as the storm became increasingly organized.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 22, 2012 |accessdate=September 5, 2012 |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 09 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201208220300.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6A6OKPFVK |archivedate=August 22, 2012 }}</ref> A second anticyclone developed over the center of Bolaven later that day and enhanced the cyclone's poleward [[Outflow (meteorology)|outflow]].<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 22, 2012 |accessdate=September 5, 2012 |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 10 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201208220900.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6A8LEfN4L |archivedate=August 23, 2012 }}</ref> Although [[Subsidence (atmosphere)|subsidence]] and wind shear increased along the northern edge of the storm on August&nbsp;23, the system's outflow allowed it mitigate the negative effects ahead of it.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 23, 2012 |accessdate=September 5, 2012 |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 14 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201208230900.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6A8LEMbt1 |archivedate=August 23, 2012 }}</ref>
-Due to the storm's large size, it began turning towards the north-northwest along the subtropical ridge on August&nbsp;24, earlier than anticipated.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=August 24, 2012|accessdate=September 5, 2012|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 17|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6A9ju4V6D}}</ref> During this brief turn, the center of Bolaven crossed [[135th meridian east|135°E]], entering the area of responsibility of the [[Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration|Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)]]. As such, the administration assigned the typhoon with the local name ''Julian''.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Sunstar|date=August 24, 2012|accessdate=September 5, 2012|title=Another typhoon enters as "Igme" exits to Taiwan|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/breaking-news/2012/08/23/another-typhoon-enters-igme-exits-taiwan-238862}}</ref> Later that day, a well-defined, {{convert|18|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide eye developed within the central dense overcast and several additional feeder bands formed along the south side of the circulation. Based on the improved structure, the JTWC estimated that the system attained one-minute sustained winds of 215&nbsp;km/h (135&nbsp;mph), equivalent to a [[SSHS#Category 4|Category&nbsp;4 on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale]].<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=August 24, 2012|accessdate=September 5, 2012|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 18|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6A9ju02DV}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=August 24, 2012|accessdate=September 5, 2012|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 20|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AAyRftqz}}</ref> By the morning of August&nbsp;25, Bolaven began to undergo an [[eyewall replacement cycle]].<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=August 25, 2012|accessdate=September 5, 2012|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 21|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AAyRaiVc}}</ref> Despite the slightly degrading structure, the JTWC estimated the storm to have intensified slightly, attaining one-minute winds of 230&nbsp;km/h (145&nbsp;mph).<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=August 25, 2012|accessdate=September 5, 2012|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 22|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6ACUOVjwe}}</ref>
+Due to the storm's large size, it began turning towards the north-northwest along the subtropical ridge on August&nbsp;24, earlier than anticipated.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 24, 2012 |accessdate=September 5, 2012 |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 17 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201208240300.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6A9ju4V6D |archivedate=August 24, 2012 }}</ref> During this brief turn, the center of Bolaven crossed [[135th meridian east|135°E]], entering the area of responsibility of the [[Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration|Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)]]. As such, the administration assigned the typhoon with the local name ''Julian''.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Sunstar|date=August 24, 2012|accessdate=September 5, 2012|title=Another typhoon enters as "Igme" exits to Taiwan|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/breaking-news/2012/08/23/another-typhoon-enters-igme-exits-taiwan-238862}}</ref> Later that day, a well-defined, {{convert|18|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide eye developed within the central dense overcast and several additional feeder bands formed along the south side of the circulation. Based on the improved structure, the JTWC estimated that the system attained one-minute sustained winds of 215&nbsp;km/h (135&nbsp;mph), equivalent to a [[SSHS#Category 4|Category&nbsp;4 on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale]].<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 24, 2012 |accessdate=September 5, 2012 |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 18 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201208240900.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6A9ju02DV |archivedate=August 24, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 24, 2012 |accessdate=September 5, 2012 |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 20 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201208242100.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AAyRftqz |archivedate=August 25, 2012 }}</ref> By the morning of August&nbsp;25, Bolaven began to undergo an [[eyewall replacement cycle]].<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 25, 2012 |accessdate=September 5, 2012 |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 21 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201208250300.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AAyRaiVc |archivedate=August 25, 2012 }}</ref> Despite the slightly degrading structure, the JTWC estimated the storm to have intensified slightly, attaining one-minute winds of 230&nbsp;km/h (145&nbsp;mph).<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 25, 2012 |accessdate=September 5, 2012 |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 22 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201208250900.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6ACUOVjwe |archivedate=August 26, 2012 }}</ref>
 [[File:Typhoons Tembin, Bolaven 2.40(UTC) Aug 27 2012.jpg|thumb|right|Typhoons Bolaven (top) and Tembin (bottom) undergoing a binary interaction on August&nbsp;27]]
-On August&nbsp;25, Bolaven began to interact with [[Typhoon Tembin (2012)|Typhoon Tembin]], which was located over the [[South China Sea]], causing Tembin to execute a slow counter-clockwise loop.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=August 25, 2012|accessdate=November 26, 2012|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 15W (Tembin) Warning NR 27|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6ACU4Z5xq}}</ref> An outer eyewall became more apparent late on August&nbsp;25 with a clear second ring of deep convection surrounding the original eye.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=August 25, 2012|accessdate=September 5, 2012|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 24|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6ACUOMlZP}}</ref> Similar to the JTWC, the JMA continued to indicate that Bolaven was intensifying through early on August&nbsp;26. At that time, the JMA estimated the typhoon to have reached its peak intensity with winds of 185&nbsp;km/h (115&nbsp;mph) and a [[barometric pressure]] of 910&nbsp;[[bar (unit)|mbar]] ([[Pascal (unit)|hPa]]; 26.87&nbsp;[[Inches of Mercury|inHg]]).<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|date=August 26, 2012|accessdate=September 5, 2012|title=JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Forty-Nine|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6ACUH0NHJ}}</ref> As the system approached [[Okinawa]], radar imagery showed a {{convert|55|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide eyewall surrounding a small, but well-organized {{convert|11|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide inner eyewall.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=August 26, 2012|accessdate=September 5, 2012|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 26|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6ADyu3N5x}}</ref> Shortly before 1500&nbsp;[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] on August&nbsp;26, the center of Bolaven passed directly over Okinawa. At the time, the JTWC assessed the system to have had one-minute sustained winds of 195&nbsp;km/h (120&nbsp;mph) while the JMA estimated the winds to be 175&nbsp;km/h (110&nbsp;mph).<ref name="JTWCProg27">{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=August 26, 2012|accessdate=September 5, 2012|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 27|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6ADytQzQU}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|date=August 26, 2012|accessdate=September 5, 2012|title=JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Fifty-Four|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6ADyol811}}</ref> Early on August&nbsp;27, the storm's inner eyewall collapsed as the eyewall replacement cycle finished, with the new eye estimated to be about {{convert|220|km|mi|abbr=on}} in diameter. In addition to its unusually large eye, the storm itself was large, spanning approximately {{convert|890|to|1020|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="JTWCProg30">{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=September 5, 2012|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 30|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AFVuIPuG}}</ref> However, microwave satellite imagery indicated an overall weakening of the western side of the storm. Accelerating northward, Bolaven maintained a well-defined outflow due to a large [[tropical upper-tropospheric trough]] to its southeast and a mid-latitude trough to the northwest.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=September 5, 2012|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 29|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6ADytCAdA}}</ref>
+On August&nbsp;25, Bolaven began to interact with [[Typhoon Tembin (2012)|Typhoon Tembin]], which was located over the [[South China Sea]], causing Tembin to execute a slow counter-clockwise loop.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 25, 2012 |accessdate=November 26, 2012 |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 15W (Tembin) Warning NR 27 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201208251500.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6ACU4Z5xq |archivedate=August 26, 2012 }}</ref> An outer eyewall became more apparent late on August&nbsp;25 with a clear second ring of deep convection surrounding the original eye.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 25, 2012 |accessdate=September 5, 2012 |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 24 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201208252100.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6ACUOMlZP |archivedate=August 26, 2012 }}</ref> Similar to the JTWC, the JMA continued to indicate that Bolaven was intensifying through early on August&nbsp;26. At that time, the JMA estimated the typhoon to have reached its peak intensity with winds of 185&nbsp;km/h (115&nbsp;mph) and a [[barometric pressure]] of 910&nbsp;[[bar (unit)|mbar]] ([[Pascal (unit)|hPa]]; 26.87&nbsp;[[Inches of Mercury|inHg]]).<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |date=August 26, 2012 |accessdate=September 5, 2012 |title=JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Forty-Nine |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ20-RJTD_201208260000.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6ACUH0NHJ |archivedate=August 26, 2012 }}</ref> As the system approached [[Okinawa]], radar imagery showed a {{convert|55|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide eyewall surrounding a small, but well-organized {{convert|11|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide inner eyewall.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 26, 2012 |accessdate=September 5, 2012 |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 26 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201208260900.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6ADyu3N5x |archivedate=August 27, 2012 }}</ref> Shortly before 1500&nbsp;[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] on August&nbsp;26, the center of Bolaven passed directly over Okinawa. At the time, the JTWC assessed the system to have had one-minute sustained winds of 195&nbsp;km/h (120&nbsp;mph) while the JMA estimated the winds to be 175&nbsp;km/h (110&nbsp;mph).<ref name="JTWCProg27">{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 26, 2012 |accessdate=September 5, 2012 |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 27 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201208261500.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6ADytQzQU |archivedate=August 27, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |date=August 26, 2012 |accessdate=September 5, 2012 |title=JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Fifty-Four |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ20-RJTD_201208261500.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6ADyol811 |archivedate=August 27, 2012 }}</ref> Early on August&nbsp;27, the storm's inner eyewall collapsed as the eyewall replacement cycle finished, with the new eye estimated to be about {{convert|220|km|mi|abbr=on}} in diameter. In addition to its unusually large eye, the storm itself was large, spanning approximately {{convert|890|to|1020|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="JTWCProg30">{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 27, 2012 |accessdate=September 5, 2012 |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 30 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201208270900.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AFVuIPuG |archivedate=August 28, 2012 }}</ref> However, microwave satellite imagery indicated an overall weakening of the western side of the storm. Accelerating northward, Bolaven maintained a well-defined outflow due to a large [[tropical upper-tropospheric trough]] to its southeast and a mid-latitude trough to the northwest.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 27, 2012 |accessdate=September 5, 2012 |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 29 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201208270300.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6ADytCAdA |archivedate=August 27, 2012 }}</ref>
-As the storm moved northward over the [[Yellow Sea]], atmospheric conditions became increasingly hostile, with significantly lower sea surface temperatures and high wind shear.<ref name="JTWCProg30"/> During the overnight of August&nbsp;27&ndash;28, the typhoon brushed [[South Korea]] as a weakening cyclone. Convection on the west side of the storm diminished and its feeder bands began to collapse.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=September 5, 2012|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 32|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AFVu6bhi}}</ref> Increasing shear started taking its toll early on August&nbsp;28 as convection became displaced from the center of circulation, leaving part of the southwestern quadrant exposed. This also indicated that Bolaven had begun to undergo an [[Extratropical cyclone#Extratropical transition|extratropical transition]] as it approached the [[Korean Peninsula]]. Following structural weakening, the JMA and JTWC downgraded Bolaven to a severe tropical storm and tropical storm, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=August 28, 2012|accessdate=September 5, 2012|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 33|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AFVu0XlE}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|date=August 28, 2012|accessdate=September 5, 2012|title=JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Seventy-Five|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AH2yW3ny}}</ref> Hours before moving onshore in [[North Korea]], the majority of the convection had moved over land while the circulation and the center itself had only [[stratocumulus cloud]]s covering it.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=August 28, 2012|accessdate=September 5, 2012|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 35|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AH3AN4ks}}</ref> Around 1500&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;28, Bolaven made [[landfall (meteorology)|landfall]] in North Korea with winds of 100&nbsp;km/h (65&nbsp;mph).<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|date=August 28, 2012|accessdate=September 5, 2012|title=JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Seventy-Eight|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AH2yIukB}}</ref> Rapidly moving towards the northeast, the storm became fully embedded within a [[baroclinic zone]] near the [[China]]&ndash;North Korea border later that day.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=August 28, 2012|accessdate=September 5, 2012|title=Tropical Storm 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 36 (Final)|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AH36tkNy}}</ref> The JMA continued to monitor Bolaven as a tropical cyclone until early on August&nbsp;29, at which time the system was situated over the southern region of the [[Russian Far East]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|date=August 29, 2012|accessdate=September 5, 2012|title=JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Eighty-Three (Final)|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AIYOzfVP}}</ref> The extratropical remnants later turned eastward and were last noted on September&nbsp;1 crossing the [[International Dateline]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|date=September 26, 2012|accessdate=October 1, 2012|title=Typhoon Bolaven (1215) RSMC Best Track|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AyNOVslo}}</ref>
+As the storm moved northward over the [[Yellow Sea]], atmospheric conditions became increasingly hostile, with significantly lower sea surface temperatures and high wind shear.<ref name="JTWCProg30"/> During the overnight of August&nbsp;27&ndash;28, the typhoon brushed [[South Korea]] as a weakening cyclone. Convection on the west side of the storm diminished and its feeder bands began to collapse.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 27, 2012 |accessdate=September 5, 2012 |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 32 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201208272100.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AFVu6bhi |archivedate=August 28, 2012 }}</ref> Increasing shear started taking its toll early on August&nbsp;28 as convection became displaced from the center of circulation, leaving part of the southwestern quadrant exposed. This also indicated that Bolaven had begun to undergo an [[Extratropical cyclone#Extratropical transition|extratropical transition]] as it approached the [[Korean Peninsula]]. Following structural weakening, the JMA and JTWC downgraded Bolaven to a severe tropical storm and tropical storm, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 28, 2012 |accessdate=September 5, 2012 |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 33 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201208280300.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AFVu0XlE |archivedate=August 28, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |date=August 28, 2012 |accessdate=September 5, 2012 |title=JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Seventy-Five |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ20-RJTD_201208280600.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AH2yW3ny |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> Hours before moving onshore in [[North Korea]], the majority of the convection had moved over land while the circulation and the center itself had only [[stratocumulus cloud]]s covering it.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 28, 2012 |accessdate=September 5, 2012 |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 35 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201208281500.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AH3AN4ks |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> Around 1500&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;28, Bolaven made [[landfall (meteorology)|landfall]] in North Korea with winds of 100&nbsp;km/h (65&nbsp;mph).<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |date=August 28, 2012 |accessdate=September 5, 2012 |title=JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Seventy-Eight |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ20-RJTD_201208281500.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AH2yIukB |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> Rapidly moving towards the northeast, the storm became fully embedded within a [[baroclinic zone]] near the [[China]]&ndash;North Korea border later that day.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 28, 2012 |accessdate=September 5, 2012 |title=Tropical Storm 16W (Bolaven) Warning NR 36 (Final) |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN32-PGTW_201208282100.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AH36tkNy |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> The JMA continued to monitor Bolaven as a tropical cyclone until early on August&nbsp;29, at which time the system was situated over the southern region of the [[Russian Far East]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |date=August 29, 2012 |accessdate=September 5, 2012 |title=JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory Eighty-Three (Final) |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ20-RJTD_201208290600.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AIYOzfVP |archivedate=August 30, 2012 }}</ref> The extratropical remnants later turned eastward and were last noted on September&nbsp;1 crossing the [[International Dateline]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |date=September 26, 2012 |accessdate=October 1, 2012 |title=Typhoon Bolaven (1215) RSMC Best Track |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ax/axpq20.rjtd..txt |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AyNOVslo |archivedate=September 26, 2012 }}</ref>
 ==Preparations==
 ===Philippines===
-On August&nbsp;24, fishing vessels and small craft off the northern and eastern coasts of [[Luzon]], [[Philippines]] were advised to not venture out due to large [[Swell (ocean)|swells]] produced by Typhoons Bolaven and Tembin.<ref>{{cite web|work=Sunnex|publisher=Philippine Sun Star|date=August 24, 2012|accessdate=October 3, 2012|title= 'Julian' maintains strength, heads closer to North Luzon |url=http://www.webcitation.org/6B8j9T4hw}}</ref>
+On August&nbsp;24, fishing vessels and small craft off the northern and eastern coasts of [[Luzon]], [[Philippines]] were advised to not venture out due to large [[Swell (ocean)|swells]] produced by Typhoons Bolaven and Tembin.<ref>{{cite web|work=Sunnex |publisher=Philippine Sun Star |date=August 24, 2012 |accessdate=October 3, 2012 |title='Julian' maintains strength, heads closer to North Luzon |url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/breaking-news/2012/08/24/julian-maintains-strength-heads-closer-north-luzon-239156 |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6B8j9T4hw |archivedate=October 3, 2012 }}</ref>
 ===Ryukyu Islands===
 On August&nbsp;22, hours before the JTWC classified Bolaven as a typhoon, [[Okinawa]] was placed under [[Tropical Cyclone Condition of Readiness|Tropical Cyclone Condition of Readiness (TCCR)]] four.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dave Ornauer|publisher=Stars and Stripes|date=August 22, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|title= Typhoon 16W (Bolaven), # 4 |url=http://www.stripes.com/blogs/pacific-storm-tracker/pacific-storm-tracker-1.106563/typhoon-16w-bolaven-4-1.186499}}</ref> The following day, media reports began calling Typhoon Bolaven "the bad one." At this time, the then Category&nbsp;4-equivalent typhoon was expected to pass directly over Okinawa and based on forecasts from the JTWC, it would be the most powerful storm to hit the island in 13&nbsp;years.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dave Ornauer|publisher=Stars and Stripes|date=August 23, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|title= Typhoon 16W (Bolaven), # 8 |url=http://www.stripes.com/blogs/pacific-storm-tracker/pacific-storm-tracker-1.106563/typhoon-16w-bolaven-8-1.186671}}</ref> On August&nbsp;24, the TCCR was raised to level three.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dave Ornauer|publisher=Stars and Stripes|date=August 24, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|title= Typhoon 16W (Bolaven), # 9: TCCOR 3 on Okinawa |url=http://www.stripes.com/blogs/pacific-storm-tracker/pacific-storm-tracker-1.106563/typhoon-16w-bolaven-9-tccor-3-on-okinawa-1.186786}}</ref> During the afternoon of August&nbsp;25, the TCCR was raised to the third-highest level, one. Residents were urged to have all their preparations complete as soon as possible before the storm arrived.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dave Ornauer|publisher=Stars and Stripes|date=August 25, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|title= Typhoon 16W (Bolaven), # 12: TCCOR 1 issued for Okinawa |url=http://www.stripes.com/blogs/pacific-storm-tracker/pacific-storm-tracker-1.106563/typhoon-16w-bolaven-12-tccor-1-issued-for-okinawa-1.186886}}</ref> This was further raised to TCCR 1-C (caution) as tropical storm force winds began impacting the island.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dave Ornauer|publisher=Stars and Stripes|date=August 25, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|title= Typhoon 16W (Bolaven), #14; TCCOR 1-C issued for Okinawa|url=http://www.stripes.com/blogs/pacific-storm-tracker/pacific-storm-tracker-1.106563/typhoon-16w-bolaven-14-tccor-1-c-issued-for-okinawa-1.186921}}</ref>
-Across [[Ishigaki Island]], all public activities were canceled by August&nbsp;24 and flights to mainland Japan were suspended. Ferry service to [[Kagoshima Prefecture]] was also canceled.<ref>{{cite web|work=琉球新報 |publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 24, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|script-title=ja:台風、週末に影響　イベント延期や中止|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHQiyBjj|language=ja}}</ref> Throughout Okinawa, 850 people, including 300 in [[Naha, Okinawa|Naha]], evacuated to public shelters due to the threat of flooding.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Asahi|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=September 24, 2012|script-title=ja:台風１５号、沖縄で４人軽傷 ２７日、九州全域強風域に|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6Av4Q43gd|language=ja}}</ref> Transportation across the island was paralyzed due to the storm as ferry terminals, airports, and bus and rail services were shut down.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Agence France-Presse|date=August 25, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|title=Powerful typhoon hits southern Japan|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHQFGzWV|location=Tokyo, Japan}}</ref> During the evening of August&nbsp;25, [[All Nippon Airways]] and [[Japan Airlines]] canceled all flights to and from the Ryukyu Islands, south of [[Amami Ōshima]] for August&nbsp;26 and the morning of August&nbsp;27.<ref>{{cite web|work=RBB Today|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 25, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|script-title=ja:南西諸島方面の空の便、26日はほぼ全便運休……台風15号|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHTgYrcx|language=ja}}</ref> The slow motion of the storm led meteorologists at the JMA to warn residents of a potential record rainfall event, stating that localized areas could receive between {{convert|400|and|600|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain. Rainfall rates were expected to reach nearly {{convert|150|mm|in|abbr=on}} per hour during the height of the storm.<ref>{{cite web|work=時事通信|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 25, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|script-title=ja:台風15号、沖縄に接近＝記録的暴風雨に警戒―気象庁|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHRG7bxg|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=毎日新聞|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 25, 2012|script-title=ja:＜台風１５号＞沖縄本島に接近へ　気象庁「最大級の警戒を」|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHRO4Msp|language=ja}}</ref> Due to the significant threat of flash flooding and mudslides, residents living in flood-prone or mountainous areas were urged to evacuate.<ref>{{cite web|work=琉球新報|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 25, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|script-title=ja:台風１５号　大東、本島 きょう暴風域|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHRdRJPZ|language=ja}}</ref>
+Across [[Ishigaki Island]], all public activities were canceled by August&nbsp;24 and flights to mainland Japan were suspended. Ferry service to [[Kagoshima Prefecture]] was also canceled.<ref>{{cite web|work=琉球新報 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 24, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |script-title=ja:台風、週末に影響　イベント延期や中止 |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120824-00000009-ryu-oki |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHQiyBjj |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> Throughout Okinawa, 850 people, including 300 in [[Naha, Okinawa|Naha]], evacuated to public shelters due to the threat of flooding.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Asahi |date=August 27, 2012 |accessdate=September 24, 2012 |script-title=ja:台風１５号、沖縄で４人軽傷 ２７日、九州全域強風域に |url=http://www.asahi.com/national/update/0826/SEB201208260004.html |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6Av4Q43gd |archivedate=September 24, 2012 }}</ref> Transportation across the island was paralyzed due to the storm as ferry terminals, airports, and bus and rail services were shut down.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Agence France-Presse |date=August 25, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |title=Powerful typhoon hits southern Japan |url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jsAkYY4RnRf6Db-e7o1bv0O7UKxQ?docId=CNG.f52a63ecfc5d1cf70591926b3b50bf73.41 |location=Tokyo, Japan |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHQFGzWV |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> During the evening of August&nbsp;25, [[All Nippon Airways]] and [[Japan Airlines]] canceled all flights to and from the Ryukyu Islands, south of [[Amami Ōshima]] for August&nbsp;26 and the morning of August&nbsp;27.<ref>{{cite web|work=RBB Today |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 25, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |script-title=ja:南西諸島方面の空の便、26日はほぼ全便運休……台風15号 |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120826-00000000-rbb-sci |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHTgYrcx |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> The slow motion of the storm led meteorologists at the JMA to warn residents of a potential record rainfall event, stating that localized areas could receive between {{convert|400|and|600|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain. Rainfall rates were expected to reach nearly {{convert|150|mm|in|abbr=on}} per hour during the height of the storm.<ref>{{cite web|work=時事通信 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 25, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |script-title=ja:台風15号、沖縄に接近＝記録的暴風雨に警戒―気象庁 |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120825-00000024-jij-soci |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHRG7bxg |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=毎日新聞 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 25, 2012 |script-title=ja:＜台風１５号＞沖縄本島に接近へ　気象庁「最大級の警戒を」 |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120825-00000000-maiall-soci |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHRO4Msp |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> Due to the significant threat of flash flooding and mudslides, residents living in flood-prone or mountainous areas were urged to evacuate.<ref>{{cite web|work=琉球新報 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 25, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |script-title=ja:台風１５号　大東、本島 きょう暴風域 |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120825-00000004-ryu-oki |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHRdRJPZ |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref>
 ===China===
 [[File:Bolaven Aug 28 2012 0455Z.jpg|thumb|right|Bolaven transitioning into an extratropical cyclone over the Yellow Sea, nearing landfall on August&nbsp;28]]
-Although located more than {{convert|500|km|mi|abbr=on}} away from Eastern [[China]], officials in the country issued sea warnings on August&nbsp;27 due to waves estimated between {{convert|9|and|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} over the [[East China Sea]] and [[Yellow Sea]].<ref name="Xinhua1">{{cite web|publisher=Xinhua General News|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=August 27, 2012|title=Typhoon Bolaven to bring huge waves to Chinese coast|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2012-08/27/c_131810589.htm}}</ref> In Northeastern China, ferry service along the [[Yalu River]] in [[Dandong City]] was suspended the same day. Due to the threat of heavy rains, approximately 23,000 were evacuated in [[Jiangsu Province]].<ref name="Xinhua2">{{cite web|publisher=Xinhua General News|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=August 27, 2012|title=Typhoon Bolaven to land in NE China|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2012-08/27/c_131810143.htm}}</ref> In [[Weihai]] city, more than 2,000 vessels sought refuge at port and ferry services were canceled.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=China Central Television|date=August 28, 2012|accessdate=September 4, 2012|title=Typhoon Bolaven brings gales, rains to China's coast |url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AQj2SbQ9}}</ref> In [[Shanghai]], more than 100 flights were canceled on August&nbsp;28 due to the storm.<ref>{{cite web|work=毎日中国経済 |publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 28, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|script-title=ja:台風１５号、上海の二大空港に影響　１００便以上が欠航|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHZvaK7w|language=ja}}</ref>
+Although located more than {{convert|500|km|mi|abbr=on}} away from Eastern [[China]], officials in the country issued sea warnings on August&nbsp;27 due to waves estimated between {{convert|9|and|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} over the [[East China Sea]] and [[Yellow Sea]].<ref name="Xinhua1">{{cite web|publisher=Xinhua General News|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=August 27, 2012|title=Typhoon Bolaven to bring huge waves to Chinese coast|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2012-08/27/c_131810589.htm}}</ref> In Northeastern China, ferry service along the [[Yalu River]] in [[Dandong City]] was suspended the same day. Due to the threat of heavy rains, approximately 23,000 were evacuated in [[Jiangsu Province]].<ref name="Xinhua2">{{cite web|publisher=Xinhua General News|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=August 27, 2012|title=Typhoon Bolaven to land in NE China|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2012-08/27/c_131810143.htm}}</ref> In [[Weihai]] city, more than 2,000 vessels sought refuge at port and ferry services were canceled.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=China Central Television |date=August 28, 2012 |accessdate=September 4, 2012 |title=Typhoon Bolaven brings gales, rains to China's coast |url=http://english.cntv.cn/program/newshour/20120828/104396.shtml |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AQj2SbQ9 |archivedate=September 4, 2012 }}</ref> In [[Shanghai]], more than 100 flights were canceled on August&nbsp;28 due to the storm.<ref>{{cite web|work=毎日中国経済 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 28, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |script-title=ja:台風１５号、上海の二大空港に影響　１００便以上が欠航 |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120828-00000024-xinhua-cn |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHZvaK7w |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref>
 ===Korean Peninsula and Russia===
-Initially, forecasts from the JMA and [[Korea Meteorological Administration]] indicated that Bolaven would strike the country at an intensity greater than that of the nation's worst typhoon disaster in decades: [[Typhoon Rusa]] in [[2002 Pacific typhoon season|2002]].<ref name="Yonhap1"/> On August&nbsp;27, nearly all of [[South Korea]] was placed under a typhoon warning as the storm approached.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=BBC News|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|title=Typhoon Bolaven heads to S Korea after lashing Okinawa|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-19388627}}</ref> The state disaster relief board went to its highest alert level prior to the storm's arrival. More than 400 flights were canceled across the country, including 109 international flights from [[Incheon International Airport]]. The majority of cancellations were domestic flights, mainly from [[Ningbo]] to [[Jeju Island]].<ref name="SBS1"/><ref>{{cite web|author=Seonjin Cha and Rose Kim|publisher=Bloomberg Businessweek|date=August 28, 2012|accessdate=August 30, 2012|title=Typhoon Bolaven Capsizes Fishing Boats, Lashes Korea|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AJ7hlV7o}}</ref> Local authorities conducted safety inspections of areas prone to landslides and closed off beaches and seawalls. Residents in flood-prone areas were encouraged to evacuate for their own safety as well. Along the coast, hundreds of ships sought refuge from rough seas in various harbors and ports.<ref name="Yonhap1">{{cite web|publisher=Yonhap News|date=August 26, 2012|accessdate=August 30, 2012|title=Unusually powerful typhoon to batter Korean Peninsula|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AJ5nmbsB|location=Seoul, South Korea}}</ref> Numerous ports banned sea travel and shut down activities by August&nbsp;27, and 68 of the nation's 87 ferry routes were canceled. In [[Busan]], all ships were not allowed access to the docks until the typhoon's passage.<ref name="SBS1">{{cite web|work=Australian Associated Press|publisher=SBS World News|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=August 30, 2012|title=South Korea on alert as typhoon Bolaven nears|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AJ7AXnRO}}</ref>
+Initially, forecasts from the JMA and [[Korea Meteorological Administration]] indicated that Bolaven would strike the country at an intensity greater than that of the nation's worst typhoon disaster in decades: [[Typhoon Rusa]] in [[2002 Pacific typhoon season|2002]].<ref name="Yonhap1"/> On August&nbsp;27, nearly all of [[South Korea]] was placed under a typhoon warning as the storm approached.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=BBC News|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|title=Typhoon Bolaven heads to S Korea after lashing Okinawa|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-19388627}}</ref> The state disaster relief board went to its highest alert level prior to the storm's arrival. More than 400 flights were canceled across the country, including 109 international flights from [[Incheon International Airport]]. The majority of cancellations were domestic flights, mainly from [[Ningbo]] to [[Jeju Island]].<ref name="SBS1"/><ref>{{cite web|author=Seonjin Cha and Rose Kim |publisher=Bloomberg Businessweek |date=August 28, 2012 |accessdate=August 30, 2012 |title=Typhoon Bolaven Capsizes Fishing Boats, Lashes Korea |url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-08-27/typhoon-bolaven-sinks-chinese-fishing-boats-heads-toward-seoul |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AJ7hlV7o |archivedate=August 30, 2012 }}</ref> Local authorities conducted safety inspections of areas prone to landslides and closed off beaches and seawalls. Residents in flood-prone areas were encouraged to evacuate for their own safety as well. Along the coast, hundreds of ships sought refuge from rough seas in various harbors and ports.<ref name="Yonhap1">{{cite web|publisher=Yonhap News |date=August 26, 2012 |accessdate=August 30, 2012 |title=Unusually powerful typhoon to batter Korean Peninsula |url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2012/08/26/91/0302000000AEN20120826000700315F.HTML |location=Seoul, South Korea |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AJ5nmbsB |archivedate=August 30, 2012 }}</ref> Numerous ports banned sea travel and shut down activities by August&nbsp;27, and 68 of the nation's 87 ferry routes were canceled. In [[Busan]], all ships were not allowed access to the docks until the typhoon's passage.<ref name="SBS1">{{cite web|work=Australian Associated Press |publisher=SBS World News |date=August 27, 2012 |accessdate=August 30, 2012 |title=South Korea on alert as typhoon Bolaven nears |url=http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/1686153/Powerful-typhoon-lashes-southern-Japan |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AJ7AXnRO |archivedate=August 30, 2012 }}</ref>
-Storm warnings were issued as far north as the [[Russian Far East]] as officials anticipated the remnants of the typhoon to cause significant disruption in the region. Residents were advised to avoid outdoor activities from August&nbsp;28 to 29 as the storm moved through.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=RIA Novosti|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|title=Storm Warning in Russia’s Far East as Typhoon Nears|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHc0liHr}}</ref> In the [[Sea of Japan]], more than 100 ships sought refuge in bays across the [[Primorsky Krai]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=The Voice of Russia|date=August 29, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|title=Ships take shelter from Bolaven Typhoon in Russia's Primorye bays|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHcfrUj2}}</ref> Ferry service to all islands in the region was also suspended.<ref name="TVOR1"/> All military personnel in the region were placed at an elevated state of readiness for the storm.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=RIA Novosti|date=August 28, 2012|accessdate=August 30, 2012|title=Russia’s Far East on Alert as Typhoon Bolaven Approaches|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AJB31eLR|location=Moscow, Russia}}</ref> On August&nbsp;28, crisis centers were opened in 12 cities and 22 districts across Primorsky Krai.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=The Voice of Russia|date=August 28, 2012|accessdate=August 30, 2012|title=Russian Far East braces itself for Super Typhoon Bolaven|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AJBBpZfA}}</ref> Although the storm was expected to cause significant disruptions in the region, [[Ministry of Emergency Situations (Russia)|Russian Emergencies Minister]] [[Vladimir Puchkov]] stated that the [[APEC Russia 2012|Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Summit]] in [[Vladivostok]] would continue as planned.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=The Voice of Russia|date=August 29, 2012|accessdate=August 30, 2012|title=Bolaven will not prevent Vladivostok APEC summit from being held – official|url= http://www.webcitation.org/6AJAPymAh}}</ref>
+Storm warnings were issued as far north as the [[Russian Far East]] as officials anticipated the remnants of the typhoon to cause significant disruption in the region. Residents were advised to avoid outdoor activities from August&nbsp;28 to 29 as the storm moved through.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=RIA Novosti |date=August 27, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |title=Storm Warning in Russia’s Far East as Typhoon Nears |url=http://en.ria.ru/russia/20120827/175455940.html |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHc0liHr |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> In the [[Sea of Japan]], more than 100 ships sought refuge in bays across the [[Primorsky Krai]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=The Voice of Russia |date=August 29, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |title=Ships take shelter from Bolaven Typhoon in Russia's Primorye bays |url=http://english.ruvr.ru/2012_08_29/Ships-take-shelter-from-Bolaven-Typhoon-in-Russias-Primorye-bays/ |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHcfrUj2 |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> Ferry service to all islands in the region was also suspended.<ref name="TVOR1"/> All military personnel in the region were placed at an elevated state of readiness for the storm.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=RIA Novosti |date=August 28, 2012 |accessdate=August 30, 2012 |title=Russia’s Far East on Alert as Typhoon Bolaven Approaches |url=http://en.ria.ru/Environment/20120828/175475281.html |location=Moscow, Russia |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AJB31eLR |archivedate=August 30, 2012 }}</ref> On August&nbsp;28, crisis centers were opened in 12 cities and 22 districts across Primorsky Krai.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=The Voice of Russia |date=August 28, 2012 |accessdate=August 30, 2012 |title=Russian Far East braces itself for Super Typhoon Bolaven |url=http://english.ruvr.ru/2012_08_28/Russian-Far-East-braces-itself-for-Super-Typhoon-Bolaven/ |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AJBBpZfA |archivedate=August 30, 2012 }}</ref> Although the storm was expected to cause significant disruptions in the region, [[Ministry of Emergency Situations (Russia)|Russian Emergencies Minister]] [[Vladimir Puchkov]] stated that the [[APEC Russia 2012|Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Summit]] in [[Vladivostok]] would continue as planned.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=The Voice of Russia |date=August 29, 2012 |accessdate=August 30, 2012 |title=Bolaven will not prevent Vladivostok APEC summit from being held – official |url=http://english.ruvr.ru/2012_08_29/Bolaven-will-not-prevent-Vladivostok-APEC-summit-from-being-held-official/ |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AJAPymAh |archivedate=August 30, 2012 }}</ref>
 ==Impact==
@@ Line 58: / Line 58: @@
 ===Japan===
 [[File:Bolaven Aug 26 2012.jpg|thumb|left|Typhoon Bolaven over the Ryukyu Islands on August&nbsp;26]]
-Regarded as the most powerful typhoon to strike the region since 1956,<ref>{{cite web|publisher=CNN|date=August 26, 2012|accessdate=August 27, 2012|title=Massive Typhoon Bolaven slams Okinawa, heads for Koreas|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/26/world/asia/typhoon-bolaven/index.html|location=Tokyo, Japan}}</ref> strong winds in [[Japan]]'s [[Kagoshima Prefecture]] left approximately 60,000 residences without power.<ref name="Xinhua3"/> Although a strong storm when it passed over Okinawa, damage was less than initially feared.<ref name="CNN1"/> Across Okinawa, sustained winds were measured up to {{convert|167|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} with gusts to {{convert|222|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.<ref name="S&S17"/> On [[Okinoerabujima]], wind gusts were measured up to {{convert|153|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|work=時事通信|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 26, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|script-title=ja:台風15号、沖縄を通過＝暴風雨に最大級の警戒―気象庁|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHUB0Ter|language=ja}}</ref> At [[Kadena Air Base]], a barometric pressure of 952&nbsp;mb (hPa; 28.11&nbsp;inHg) was measured as the storm passed over.<ref name="JTWCProg27"/> Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted and dozens of buildings were damaged by the winds.<ref name="Yahoo2"/> Throughout the Ryukyu Islands, rainfall peaked in [[Setouchi, Kagoshima]] at {{convert|551.5|mm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|work=毎日新聞|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 28, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|script-title=ja:＜台風１５号＞高波で男性１人不明　、鹿児島・南さつま|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHa8nhlr|language=ja}}</ref> In [[Kunigami, Okinawa|Kunigami]], {{convert|535|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain fell during the storm.<ref>{{cite web|work=琉球新報|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 28, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|script-title=ja:【台風１５号】国頭で総雨量５３５ミリ　大宜味床下浸水２４件|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHYDgZFR|language=ja}}</ref> These rains triggered flash flooding across several islands. On Amami Ōshima, one person drowned after being swept away by a swollen river.<ref>{{cite web|work=読売新聞 |publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|script-title=ja:台風北上、九州が強風域に…１４号も接近中|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHWexCsy|language=ja}}</ref> Numerous landslides took place across the islands, damaging roads and buildings.<ref>{{cite web|work=琉球新報|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 28, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|script-title=ja:【台風１５号】北部「過去にない」大雨　住民「とても怖い」|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHYgaJvy|language=ja}}</ref> During the height of the storm, the highest level of warning, TCCR 1-E (emergency), was issued for the island, indicating that all outdoor activities were banned.<ref name="S&S17">{{cite web|author=Dave Ornauer|publisher=Stars and Stripes|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|title= Typhoon 16W (Bolaven), # 17: Okinawa enters TCCOR 1-E. |url=http://www.stripes.com/blogs/pacific-storm-tracker/pacific-storm-tracker-1.106563/typhoon-16w-bolaven-17-okinawa-enters-tccor-1-e-1.186989}}</ref> Numerous roads and bridges were either shut down or blocked by debris across many of the islands, making travel difficult.<ref>{{cite web|work=琉球新報|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 28, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|script-title=ja:【台風１５号】バス、状況見て運行　モノレールは警報解除後|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHVzBRPb|language=ja}}</ref> Damage to public facilities throughout Kagoshima reached [[Japanese yen|¥]]6.3&nbsp;billion (US$80.6&nbsp;million).<ref>{{cite web|work=毎日新聞|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=September 15, 2012|accessdate=September 20, 2012|script-title=ja:公共土木施設被害：台風や豪雨などによる被害、県と市町村で６３億円 ／鹿児島|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6Ap6J8C6c|language=ja}}</ref>
+Regarded as the most powerful typhoon to strike the region since 1956,<ref>{{cite web|publisher=CNN|date=August 26, 2012|accessdate=August 27, 2012|title=Massive Typhoon Bolaven slams Okinawa, heads for Koreas|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/26/world/asia/typhoon-bolaven/index.html|location=Tokyo, Japan}}</ref> strong winds in [[Japan]]'s [[Kagoshima Prefecture]] left approximately 60,000 residences without power.<ref name="Xinhua3"/> Although a strong storm when it passed over Okinawa, damage was less than initially feared.<ref name="CNN1"/> Across Okinawa, sustained winds were measured up to {{convert|167|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} with gusts to {{convert|222|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.<ref name="S&S17"/> On [[Okinoerabujima]], wind gusts were measured up to {{convert|153|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|work=時事通信 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 26, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |script-title=ja:台風15号、沖縄を通過＝暴風雨に最大級の警戒―気象庁 |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120826-00000017-jij-soci |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHUB0Ter |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> At [[Kadena Air Base]], a barometric pressure of 952&nbsp;mb (hPa; 28.11&nbsp;inHg) was measured as the storm passed over.<ref name="JTWCProg27"/> Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted and dozens of buildings were damaged by the winds.<ref name="Yahoo2"/> Throughout the Ryukyu Islands, rainfall peaked in [[Setouchi, Kagoshima]] at {{convert|551.5|mm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|work=毎日新聞 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 28, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |script-title=ja:＜台風１５号＞高波で男性１人不明　、鹿児島・南さつま |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120828-00000086-mai-soci |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHa8nhlr |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> In [[Kunigami, Okinawa|Kunigami]], {{convert|535|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain fell during the storm.<ref>{{cite web|work=琉球新報 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 28, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |script-title=ja:【台風１５号】国頭で総雨量５３５ミリ　大宜味床下浸水２４件 |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120828-00000000-ryu-oki |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHYDgZFR |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> These rains triggered flash flooding across several islands. On Amami Ōshima, one person drowned after being swept away by a swollen river.<ref>{{cite web|work=読売新聞 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 27, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |script-title=ja:台風北上、九州が強風域に…１４号も接近中 |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120827-00000478-yom-soci |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHWexCsy |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> Numerous landslides took place across the islands, damaging roads and buildings.<ref>{{cite web|work=琉球新報 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 28, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |script-title=ja:【台風１５号】北部「過去にない」大雨　住民「とても怖い」 |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120828-00000007-ryu-oki |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHYgaJvy |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> During the height of the storm, the highest level of warning, TCCR 1-E (emergency), was issued for the island, indicating that all outdoor activities were banned.<ref name="S&S17">{{cite web|author=Dave Ornauer|publisher=Stars and Stripes|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|title= Typhoon 16W (Bolaven), # 17: Okinawa enters TCCOR 1-E. |url=http://www.stripes.com/blogs/pacific-storm-tracker/pacific-storm-tracker-1.106563/typhoon-16w-bolaven-17-okinawa-enters-tccor-1-e-1.186989}}</ref> Numerous roads and bridges were either shut down or blocked by debris across many of the islands, making travel difficult.<ref>{{cite web|work=琉球新報 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 28, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |script-title=ja:【台風１５号】バス、状況見て運行　モノレールは警報解除後 |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120827-00000004-ryu-oki |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHVzBRPb |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> Damage to public facilities throughout Kagoshima reached [[Japanese yen|¥]]6.3&nbsp;billion (US$80.6&nbsp;million).<ref>{{cite web|work=毎日新聞 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=September 15, 2012 |accessdate=September 20, 2012 |script-title=ja:公共土木施設被害：台風や豪雨などによる被害、県と市町村で６３億円 ／鹿児島 |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120915-00000294-mailo-l46 |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6Ap6J8C6c |archivedate=September 20, 2012 }}</ref>
-Due to the threat of landslides, 5,500 households were evacuated across the [[Amami Islands]] on August&nbsp;27.<ref name="Xinhua3">{{cite web|publisher=Xinhua General News|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=August 27, 2012|title=Powerful typhoon causes blackouts in Japan's Kagoshima|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-08/27/c_131809911.htm}}</ref> One home was destroyed and 1,065 residences were evacuated in [[Tokunoshima, Kagoshima|Tokunoshima]].<ref name="Yahoo1">{{cite web|work=読売新聞|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 26, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|script-title=ja:最大級台風が直撃、６万１千世帯停電…空港閉鎖|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHUXwe3q|language=ja}}</ref> Eight people were injured across the island and 549 sought refuge in public shelters.<ref name="CNN1">{{cite web|publisher=CNN|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=August 27, 2012|title=Massive Typhoon Bolaven roars over Okinawa, heads for Koreas|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/27/world/asia/typhoon-bolaven/index.html|location=Tokyo, Japan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=毎日新聞 |publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|script-title=ja:＜台風１５号＞奄美大島で男性死亡　福岡などで８人ケガ|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHXG6mAJ|language=ja}}</ref> In [[Yonabaru, Okinawa|Yonabaru]], the typhoon's [[storm surge]] and large swells flooded coastal highways and inundated nearby buildings.<ref>{{cite web|work=毎日新聞|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 26, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|script-title=ja:＜台風１５号＞最大級の勢力で沖縄に接近|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHUwFDUs|language=ja}}</ref> Large sections of roads were also washed away by the storm.<ref name="Yahoo2">{{cite web|work=琉球新報|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 28, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|script-title=ja:【台風１５号】北谷のホテル、塀倒壊　強風被害　各地で多発|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHWAbU9B|language=ja}}</ref> Cellphone service was lost late on August&nbsp;26 throughout much of [[Okinawa Prefecture]].<ref>{{cite web|work=読売新聞|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|script-title=ja:台風で携帯電話に通信障害…鹿児島・沖縄で|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHWrzM1x|language=ja}}</ref>
+Due to the threat of landslides, 5,500 households were evacuated across the [[Amami Islands]] on August&nbsp;27.<ref name="Xinhua3">{{cite web|publisher=Xinhua General News|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=August 27, 2012|title=Powerful typhoon causes blackouts in Japan's Kagoshima|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-08/27/c_131809911.htm}}</ref> One home was destroyed and 1,065 residences were evacuated in [[Tokunoshima, Kagoshima|Tokunoshima]].<ref name="Yahoo1">{{cite web|work=読売新聞 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 26, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |script-title=ja:最大級台風が直撃、６万１千世帯停電…空港閉鎖 |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120826-00000310-yom-soci |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHUXwe3q |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> Eight people were injured across the island and 549 sought refuge in public shelters.<ref name="CNN1">{{cite web|publisher=CNN|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=August 27, 2012|title=Massive Typhoon Bolaven roars over Okinawa, heads for Koreas|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/27/world/asia/typhoon-bolaven/index.html|location=Tokyo, Japan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=毎日新聞 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 27, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |script-title=ja:＜台風１５号＞奄美大島で男性死亡　福岡などで８人ケガ |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120827-00000090-mai-soci |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHXG6mAJ |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> In [[Yonabaru, Okinawa|Yonabaru]], the typhoon's [[storm surge]] and large swells flooded coastal highways and inundated nearby buildings.<ref>{{cite web|work=毎日新聞 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 26, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |script-title=ja:＜台風１５号＞最大級の勢力で沖縄に接近 |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120826-00000000-maiph-soci.view-000 |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHUwFDUs |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> Large sections of roads were also washed away by the storm.<ref name="Yahoo2">{{cite web|work=琉球新報 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 28, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |script-title=ja:【台風１５号】北谷のホテル、塀倒壊　強風被害　各地で多発 |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120827-00000003-ryu-oki |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHWAbU9B |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> Cellphone service was lost late on August&nbsp;26 throughout much of [[Okinawa Prefecture]].<ref>{{cite web|work=読売新聞 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 27, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |script-title=ja:台風で携帯電話に通信障害…鹿児島・沖縄で |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120827-00000528-yom-soci |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHWrzM1x |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref>
-Passing over Okinawa with a central pressure of 910&nbsp;mbar (hPa; 26.87&nbsp;inHg), Bolaven became one of the most intense typhoons to ever strike the region.<ref name="Yahoo1"/> Off the coast of [[Wakayama Prefecture]], swells from the typhoon battered fishing vessels and knocked the captain of one ship overboard. Although a rescue helicopter was quick to reach him, he was later pronounced dead at a local hospital.<ref>{{cite web|work=読売新聞|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 28, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|script-title=ja:台風影響で高波、漁船転覆…ヘリ救助も船長死亡|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHVMOEGp|language=ja}}</ref> Just off the coast of Jogashima Misaki-cho in [[Miura, Kanagawa]], two boys were swept away by large swells. A mother attempted to swim after them to save them but later drowned. The two boys were later rescued with minor injuries by the Coast Guard.<ref>{{cite web|work=読売新聞|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 28, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|script-title=ja:高波にさらわれ男児不明…助けようとした母死亡|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHZpt9wn|language=ja}}</ref> Although the storm did not strike the Japanese mainland, its [[Rainband|outer bands]] brought showers and thunderstorms to parts of [[Kyushu]].<ref>{{cite web|work=毎日新聞 |publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 25, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|script-title=ja:＜台風１５号＞九州本土に２７日から２８日に最接近|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHRsbHnF|language=ja}}</ref> Due to the rains, rail service in [[Saga Prefecture]] was temporarily suspended, affecting 4,200 passengers. In [[Isahaya, Nagasaki|Isahaya]], one person was injured after being struck by a billboard downed by high winds.<ref>{{cite web|work=毎日新聞|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 28, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|script-title=ja:＜台風１５号＞九州地方　局地的な大雨に警戒呼びかけ|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHZCsCcT|language=ja}}</ref> Throughout Japan, losses to agriculture and fisheries amounted to ¥423.28&nbsp;million (US$5.39&nbsp;million).<ref>{{cite web|work=琉球新報|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 30, 2012|accessdate=August 30, 2012|script-title=ja:台風１５号　被害４億２３３８万円|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AJ3yMVj9|language=ja}}</ref>
+Passing over Okinawa with a central pressure of 910&nbsp;mbar (hPa; 26.87&nbsp;inHg), Bolaven became one of the most intense typhoons to ever strike the region.<ref name="Yahoo1"/> Off the coast of [[Wakayama Prefecture]], swells from the typhoon battered fishing vessels and knocked the captain of one ship overboard. Although a rescue helicopter was quick to reach him, he was later pronounced dead at a local hospital.<ref>{{cite web|work=読売新聞 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 28, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |script-title=ja:台風影響で高波、漁船転覆…ヘリ救助も船長死亡 |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120826-00000552-yom-soci |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHVMOEGp |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> Just off the coast of Jogashima Misaki-cho in [[Miura, Kanagawa]], two boys were swept away by large swells. A mother attempted to swim after them to save them but later drowned. The two boys were later rescued with minor injuries by the Coast Guard.<ref>{{cite web|work=読売新聞 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 28, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |script-title=ja:高波にさらわれ男児不明…助けようとした母死亡 |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120828-00000870-yom-soci |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHZpt9wn |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> Although the storm did not strike the Japanese mainland, its [[Rainband|outer bands]] brought showers and thunderstorms to parts of [[Kyushu]].<ref>{{cite web|work=毎日新聞 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 25, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |script-title=ja:＜台風１５号＞九州本土に２７日から２８日に最接近 |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120825-00000016-mai-soci |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHRsbHnF |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> Due to the rains, rail service in [[Saga Prefecture]] was temporarily suspended, affecting 4,200 passengers. In [[Isahaya, Nagasaki|Isahaya]], one person was injured after being struck by a billboard downed by high winds.<ref>{{cite web|work=毎日新聞 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 28, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |script-title=ja:＜台風１５号＞九州地方　局地的な大雨に警戒呼びかけ |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120828-00000018-mai-soci |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHZCsCcT |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> Throughout Japan, losses to agriculture and fisheries amounted to ¥423.28&nbsp;million (US$5.39&nbsp;million).<ref>{{cite web|work=琉球新報 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 30, 2012 |accessdate=August 30, 2012 |script-title=ja:台風１５号　被害４億２３３８万円 |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120830-00000002-ryu-oki |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AJ3yMVj9 |archivedate=August 30, 2012 }}</ref>
 ===South Korea===
-The first area in South Korea impacted by Typhoon Bolaven was Jeju Island, a small island located off the southwestern coast of the nation. There, high winds from the storm downed power poles, broke street lamps, and damaged buildings. More than 70,000 households on the island lost power.<ref>{{cite web|work=ＡＦＰ＝時事 |publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 28, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|script-title=ja:台風15号で中国漁船2隻が転覆、韓国・済州島沖|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHZQXEcR|language=ja}}</ref> On Jeollanam-do Wando, a wind gust of {{convert|186|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} was recorded during the storm's passage.<ref name="Yahoo3"/> Across the country, approximately 1.9&nbsp;million people lost power, though it was quickly restored to all but 34,000 within a day.<ref name="HP1"/> In [[Seoul]], strong winds damaged street lamps, church spires, and downed signs.<ref>{{cite web|work=Associated Press|publisher=CBC News|date=August 28, 2012|accessdate=August 30, 2012|title=9 killed as Typhoon Bolaven hits South Korea|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AJ7uIprI}}</ref> Due to various storm-related incidents, hundreds of people had to be evacuated. Throughout the country, at least 19 people were killed by Typhoon Bolaven.<ref name="AFP2"/><ref>{{cite web|work=聯合ニュース |publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 29, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|script-title=ja:台風15号　ソウルの強風注意報解除＝死者15人|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHaTAZze|language=ja}}</ref> Reports indicated that there was extensive property damage from the storm. Many buildings lost their roofs, several collapsed, and smaller structures were blown over.<ref name="Yahoo3"/> In [[Gwangju]], a record 10,004 emergency calls were made in one day in relation to the storm, the majority of which were about fallen billboards.<ref>{{cite web|work=대한민국 중심언론|publisher=No Cut News|date=August 31, 2012|accessdate=September 24, 2012|script-title=ko:태풍 볼라벤이 남긴 또 하나의 기록|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6Av3QbV7W|language=ko}}</ref>
+The first area in South Korea impacted by Typhoon Bolaven was Jeju Island, a small island located off the southwestern coast of the nation. There, high winds from the storm downed power poles, broke street lamps, and damaged buildings. More than 70,000 households on the island lost power.<ref>{{cite web|work=ＡＦＰ＝時事 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 28, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |script-title=ja:台風15号で中国漁船2隻が転覆、韓国・済州島沖 |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120828-00000020-jij_afp-int |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHZQXEcR |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> On Jeollanam-do Wando, a wind gust of {{convert|186|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} was recorded during the storm's passage.<ref name="Yahoo3"/> Across the country, approximately 1.9&nbsp;million people lost power, though it was quickly restored to all but 34,000 within a day.<ref name="HP1"/> In [[Seoul]], strong winds damaged street lamps, church spires, and downed signs.<ref>{{cite web|work=Associated Press |publisher=CBC News |date=August 28, 2012 |accessdate=August 30, 2012 |title=9 killed as Typhoon Bolaven hits South Korea |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2012/08/28/typhoon-bolaven-asia.html |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AJ7uIprI |archivedate=August 30, 2012 }}</ref> Due to various storm-related incidents, hundreds of people had to be evacuated. Throughout the country, at least 19 people were killed by Typhoon Bolaven.<ref name="AFP2"/><ref>{{cite web|work=聯合ニュース |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 29, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |script-title=ja:台風15号　ソウルの強風注意報解除＝死者15人 |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120829-00000002-yonh-kr |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHaTAZze |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> Reports indicated that there was extensive property damage from the storm. Many buildings lost their roofs, several collapsed, and smaller structures were blown over.<ref name="Yahoo3"/> In [[Gwangju]], a record 10,004 emergency calls were made in one day in relation to the storm, the majority of which were about fallen billboards.<ref>{{cite web|work=대한민국 중심언론 |publisher=No Cut News |date=August 31, 2012 |accessdate=September 24, 2012 |script-title=ko:태풍 볼라벤이 남긴 또 하나의 기록 |url=http://www.nocutnews.co.kr/show.asp?idx=2244213 |language=ko |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6Av3QbV7W |archivedate=September 24, 2012 }}</ref>
 In [[Naju]], the country's largest producer of pears, approximately 1,400&nbsp;hectares (3,460&nbsp;acres) of pear trees, or 60% of the total crop, was destroyed. Agriculture as a whole suffered significantly from the storm, with a total of 9,000&nbsp;hectares (22,000&nbsp;acres) of apple and pear plantations being destroyed. As a result, the price of produce across the nation jumped substantially.<ref name="Ariang1"/> In [[Yesan]] alone, a town where more than 1,500 families relies on their apple orchards for a living, losses to the orchards reached [[South Korean won|₩]]300&nbsp;billion (US$265.4&nbsp;million).<ref>{{cite web|author=Ryu Chang-gi |publisher=The Korea Times|date=September 9, 2012|accessdate=September 9, 2012|title=Campaign helps typhoon recovery|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2012/09/117_119489.html}}</ref> The prices of spinach, cabbage, and lettuce rose by 124%, 72%, and 26% respectively in just one day.<ref name="Ariang1">{{cite web|author=Kim Ji-yeonpublisher=Ariang News|date=August 31, 2012|accessdate=August 31, 2012|title=Produce Prices Jump in the Wake of Summer Storms|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AKUlln7v}}</ref> Total losses throughout the country were estimated at ₩420&nbsp;billion (US$374.3&nbsp;million).<ref>{{cite web|author=박수석|publisher=Yeosu MBC|date=September 14, 2012|accessdate=September 20, 2012|script-title=ko:전남 태풍 피해액 4300억 원 최종 집계|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6Ap6oJZoT|language=ko}}</ref> More than 500 people were left homeless as a result of Bolaven, mostly in [[South Jeolla Province]].<ref name="HP1">{{cite web|work=Associated Press|publisher=Huffington Post|date=August 29, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|title= Typhoon Bolaven 2012: Powerful Winds, Rain Smash Ships |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/28/typhoon-bolaven-2012_n_1835749.html|location=Seoul, South Korea}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=권남기|publisher=Yeosu MBC|date=August 31, 2012|accessdate=September 20, 2012|script-title=ko:전라남도 태풍 피해액 890억 원 집계|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6Ap7AbgkK|language=ko}}</ref> Additionally, economic losses to airlines related to the typhoon reached ₩17&nbsp;billion ($15&nbsp;million). [[Korean Air]] and [[Asiana Airlines]] suffered the greatest losses of the affected companies.<ref>{{cite web|work=Yonhap News|publisher=The Korea Herald|date=September 4, 2012|accessdate=September 4, 2012|title=Typhoons cost local airlines about 17 bil.|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AQhzIpxK}}</ref>
-About {{convert|2|km|mi|abbr=on}} off the coast of Jeju Island, two Chinese vessels with a total of 33 people aboard, sank during the storm on August&nbsp;28. According to local media, 18 of the crewmen were rescued or swam back to shore while 9 drowned and 6 others remained missing.<ref name="AFP2">{{cite web|work=Agence France-Presse|date=August 30, 2012|accessdate=August 30, 2012|title=Second typhoon pounds S. Korea, kills two|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AJ4kLt7h|location=Seoul, South Korea}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=ABC Radio Australia|date=August 29, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|title=Typhoon Bolaven hits North Korea, as death toll in the South rises|url=http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/international/2012-08-28/typhoon-bolaven-hits-north-korea-as-death-toll-in-the-south-rises/1006850}}</ref> Off the coast of [[South Gyeongsang Province]], a 77,458&nbsp;ton cargo ship ran aground during the storm and broke in half. Eighteen people were on board the vessel, though no one was injured during the incident.<ref name="Yahoo3">{{cite web|work=中央日報日本語版|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 29, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|script-title=ja:風速歴代５位の台風１５号、強風被害が大きかった…韓国人１０人が死亡|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHaqBBxs|language=ja}}</ref>
+About {{convert|2|km|mi|abbr=on}} off the coast of Jeju Island, two Chinese vessels with a total of 33 people aboard, sank during the storm on August&nbsp;28. According to local media, 18 of the crewmen were rescued or swam back to shore while 9 drowned and 6 others remained missing.<ref name="AFP2">{{cite web|work=Agence France-Presse |date=August 30, 2012 |accessdate=August 30, 2012 |title=Second typhoon pounds S. Korea, kills two |url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gFKNv1yyEf5HrEER02Vk4QNJw7Cg?docId=CNG.0ad106182c578ce4b66a3ac0cd9ed523.411 |location=Seoul, South Korea |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AJ4kLt7h |archivedate=August 30, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=ABC Radio Australia|date=August 29, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|title=Typhoon Bolaven hits North Korea, as death toll in the South rises|url=http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/international/2012-08-28/typhoon-bolaven-hits-north-korea-as-death-toll-in-the-south-rises/1006850}}</ref> Off the coast of [[South Gyeongsang Province]], a 77,458&nbsp;ton cargo ship ran aground during the storm and broke in half. Eighteen people were on board the vessel, though no one was injured during the incident.<ref name="Yahoo3">{{cite web|work=中央日報日本語版 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 29, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |script-title=ja:風速歴代５位の台風１５号、強風被害が大きかった…韓国人１０人が死亡 |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120829-00000012-cnippou-kr |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHaqBBxs |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref>
 ===North Korea===
 {{Main|2012 North Korean floods}}
 [[File:Extratropical Remnants of Bolaven over China on August 29, 2012.jpg|thumb|right|The extratropical remnants of Typhoon Bolaven over northeastern China and the Russian Far East on August&nbsp;29]]
-In North Korea, heavy rains from the storm triggered significant flooding and many landslides.<ref>{{cite web|work=時事通信|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=August 29, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|script-title=ja:台風15号で被害続出＝北朝鮮|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHbRIt0U|language=ja}}</ref> The [[Korean Central News Agency]] reported wind speeds of more than {{convert|108|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} in [[North Hwanghae Province|North Hwanghae]], [[South Hwanghae Province|South Hwanghae]], [[South Hamgyong Province|South Hamgyong]], [[South Pyongan Province|South Pyongan]] Provinces and the city of [[Nampho]], and waves as high as {{convert|1.11|m|ft|abbr=on}} in the sea of [[Kimchaek]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kcna.co.jp/item/2012/201208/news29/20120829-29ee.html|title=DPRK Hit by Typhoon-15 |publisher=[[Korean Central News Agency]]|date=August 29, 2012|accessdate=August 30, 2012}}</ref> According to the North Korean Hydrometeorological Management Office, wind gusts reached {{convert|130|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.<ref name="NewsWire1"/> Widespread damage took place throughout the country as a result of the storm.<ref name="UPI1"/> The hardest hit area was South Hamgyong Province, where 48 people were killed and another 45 were reported missing. Across the province, 2,405 homes were destroyed and another 1,500 were damaged. In South Phyongan Province, eight people were killed and 714 homes were destroyed. Two people were killed in [[North Hamgyong Province]] and another died in [[Ryanggang Province]].<ref name="NewsWire1"/> At least 8,950 homes were destroyed and approximately 101,000&nbsp;hectares (250,000&nbsp;acres) of crop and rice fields were flooded.<ref name="NewsWire1"/> More than a dozen schools and medical buildings were destroyed.<ref>{{cite web|work= Korean Central News Agency |publisher=ReliefWeb|date=September 3, 2012|accessdate=September 6, 2012|title=Typhoon-15 Brings Big Damage to DPRK |url=http://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-peoples-republic-korea/typhoon-15-brings-big-damage-dprk|location=Pyongyang, North Korea}}</ref> Additionally, 16,730 trees were downed and 880 public and industrial buildings were severely damaged.<ref name="UPI1">{{cite web|publisher=United Press International|date=September 4, 2012|accessdate=September 4, 2012|title=Typhoon Bolaven kills 48 in N. Korea|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2012/09/04/Typhoon-Bolaven-kills-48-in-N-Korea/UPI-26591346757988/|location=[[Pyongyang, North Korea]]}}</ref> In all, at least 59 people were killed, 50 others were reported missing, and more than 21,800 others were left homeless.<ref name="NewsWire1">{{cite web|work=BNO News|publisher=NewsWire Update|date=September 6, 2012|accessdate=September 6, 2012|title=Death toll from Typhoon Bolaven in North Korea reaches 59|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6ATi4vdd4|location=Pyongyang, North Korea}}</ref>
+In North Korea, heavy rains from the storm triggered significant flooding and many landslides.<ref>{{cite web|work=時事通信 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 29, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |script-title=ja:台風15号で被害続出＝北朝鮮 |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120829-00000172-jij-int |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHbRIt0U |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> The [[Korean Central News Agency]] reported wind speeds of more than {{convert|108|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} in [[North Hwanghae Province|North Hwanghae]], [[South Hwanghae Province|South Hwanghae]], [[South Hamgyong Province|South Hamgyong]], [[South Pyongan Province|South Pyongan]] Provinces and the city of [[Nampho]], and waves as high as {{convert|1.11|m|ft|abbr=on}} in the sea of [[Kimchaek]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kcna.co.jp/item/2012/201208/news29/20120829-29ee.html|title=DPRK Hit by Typhoon-15 |publisher=[[Korean Central News Agency]]|date=August 29, 2012|accessdate=August 30, 2012}}</ref> According to the North Korean Hydrometeorological Management Office, wind gusts reached {{convert|130|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.<ref name="NewsWire1"/> Widespread damage took place throughout the country as a result of the storm.<ref name="UPI1"/> The hardest hit area was South Hamgyong Province, where 48 people were killed and another 45 were reported missing. Across the province, 2,405 homes were destroyed and another 1,500 were damaged. In South Phyongan Province, eight people were killed and 714 homes were destroyed. Two people were killed in [[North Hamgyong Province]] and another died in [[Ryanggang Province]].<ref name="NewsWire1"/> At least 8,950 homes were destroyed and approximately 101,000&nbsp;hectares (250,000&nbsp;acres) of crop and rice fields were flooded.<ref name="NewsWire1"/> More than a dozen schools and medical buildings were destroyed.<ref>{{cite web|work= Korean Central News Agency |publisher=ReliefWeb|date=September 3, 2012|accessdate=September 6, 2012|title=Typhoon-15 Brings Big Damage to DPRK |url=http://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-peoples-republic-korea/typhoon-15-brings-big-damage-dprk|location=Pyongyang, North Korea}}</ref> Additionally, 16,730 trees were downed and 880 public and industrial buildings were severely damaged.<ref name="UPI1">{{cite web|publisher=United Press International|date=September 4, 2012|accessdate=September 4, 2012|title=Typhoon Bolaven kills 48 in N. Korea|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2012/09/04/Typhoon-Bolaven-kills-48-in-N-Korea/UPI-26591346757988/|location=[[Pyongyang, North Korea]]}}</ref> In all, at least 59 people were killed, 50 others were reported missing, and more than 21,800 others were left homeless.<ref name="NewsWire1">{{cite web|work=BNO News |publisher=NewsWire Update |date=September 6, 2012 |accessdate=September 6, 2012 |title=Death toll from Typhoon Bolaven in North Korea reaches 59 |url=http://wireupdate.com/death-toll-from-typhoon-bolaven-in-north-korea-reaches-59.html |location=Pyongyang, North Korea |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6ATi4vdd4 |archivedate=September 6, 2012 }}</ref>
 ===China and Russia===
-Northeastern China did not experience the full-force of Typhoon Bolaven, though heavy rains did impact the country.<ref name="UPI1"/> [[Changchun]] recorded the heaviest rains in China related to Bolaven, with {{convert|120.6|mm|in|abbr=on}} falling. In the city alone, 25 roads were flooded and 20 power poles were downed.<ref>{{cite web|work=CCTV/CNN|publisher=Before It's News Inc.|date=August 29, 2012|accessdate=September 4, 2012|title=Typhoon Bolaven causes damage in northeast China|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AQiifx19}}</ref> Thousands of people were evacuated due to flooding triggered by the storm.<ref name="UPI1"/> Gale-force winds in [[Jilin Province]] damaged approximately 690,000&nbsp;hectares (1.7&nbsp;million acres) of crops.<ref>{{cite web|author=Qi Haishan|publisher=Xinhua General News|date=September 2, 2012|accessdate=September 4, 2012|title= Crops damaged by Typhoon Bolaven in NE China |url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AQiIbBhN}}</ref> Rainfall amounting to {{convert|139|mm|in|abbr=on}} caused localized flooding, disrupting transportation in [[Heilongjiang|Heilongjiang Province]]. Throughout Northeastern China, an estimated 40&nbsp;million people were affected by the typhoon.<ref>{{cite web|author=马学玲|work=新华网|publisher=China News|date=August 29, 2012|accessdate=September 24, 2012|script-title=zh:台风"布拉万"致中国东北部分地区受灾|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6Av53EvHe|language=zh}}</ref>
+Northeastern China did not experience the full-force of Typhoon Bolaven, though heavy rains did impact the country.<ref name="UPI1"/> [[Changchun]] recorded the heaviest rains in China related to Bolaven, with {{convert|120.6|mm|in|abbr=on}} falling. In the city alone, 25 roads were flooded and 20 power poles were downed.<ref>{{cite web|work=CCTV/CNN |publisher=Before It's News Inc. |date=August 29, 2012 |accessdate=September 4, 2012 |title=Typhoon Bolaven causes damage in northeast China |url=http://beforeitsnews.com/environment/2012/08/typhoon-bolaven-causes-damage-in-northeast-china-2446766.html |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AQiifx19 |archivedate=September 4, 2012 }}</ref> Thousands of people were evacuated due to flooding triggered by the storm.<ref name="UPI1"/> Gale-force winds in [[Jilin Province]] damaged approximately 690,000&nbsp;hectares (1.7&nbsp;million acres) of crops.<ref>{{cite web|author=Qi Haishan |publisher=Xinhua General News |date=September 2, 2012 |accessdate=September 4, 2012 |title=Crops damaged by Typhoon Bolaven in NE China |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2012-09/02/c_131822550.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AQiIbBhN |archivedate=September 4, 2012 }}</ref> Rainfall amounting to {{convert|139|mm|in|abbr=on}} caused localized flooding, disrupting transportation in [[Heilongjiang|Heilongjiang Province]]. Throughout Northeastern China, an estimated 40&nbsp;million people were affected by the typhoon.<ref>{{cite web|author=马学玲 |work=新华网 |publisher=China News |date=August 29, 2012 |accessdate=September 24, 2012 |script-title=zh:台风"布拉万"致中国东北部分地区受灾 |url=http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2012/08-29/4143683.shtml |language=zh |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6Av53EvHe |archivedate=September 24, 2012 }}</ref>
-On August&nbsp;29, the remnants of Bolaven brought winds up to {{convert|90|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} in the Primorsky Krai, leaving 9,800 people without power. Power was soon restored to all but 195 residents who live in the town of Vityaz.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=RIA Novosti|date=August 29, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|title=Typhoon Bolaven Cuts Electricity in Far East|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHcHso9x}}</ref> In [[Vladivostok]], wind gusts reached {{convert|118|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, downing numerous trees.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=RIA Novosti|date=August 29, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|title=Consequences of Typhoon Bolaven in Primorye Territory|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHcRY2hM}}</ref> Rains associated with the storm were light, with only {{convert|5|mm|in|abbr=on}} recorded in Vladivostok.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Portamur|date=August 29, 2012|accessdate=September 24, 2012|title=Тайфун Bolaven пронесся по Владивостоку|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6Av5XE84Y|language=ru}}</ref> Gale-force winds prompted the temporary closure of the [[Bridge to Russky Island]], which was built specifically for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Summit. With ferries already canceled, residents were unable to leave the island until the storm passed.<ref name="TVOR1">{{cite web|publisher=The Voice of Russia|date=August 29, 2012|accessdate=August 30, 2012|title=Bridge to Russky Island closed due to typhoon|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AJAhBS5S}}</ref> In the [[Khabarovsk Krai]], heavy rains from the storm proved beneficial as they allowed firefighters to extinguish six [[wildfire]]s and contain five others within a 24‑hour span.<ref>{{cite web|author=Mayak |publisher=The Voice of Russia|date=August 31, 2012|accessdate=September 4, 2012|title=Typhoon Bolaven helps douse wildfires|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AQhD0bgC}}</ref> Along the coast, large waves caused some [[beach erosion]] and prompted evacuations in Manchzhurka. Additionally, five people had to be rescued after ignoring warnings and wading into the sea.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Prima Media|date=August 29, 2012|accessdate=September 24, 2012|script-title=ru:Тайфун "Болавен" затопил пляж Манчжурка в Хасанском районе Приморья|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6Av5lz6Mx|language=ru}}</ref> In some areas, large numbers of crabs, fish, and oysters washed ashore during the storm.<ref>{{cite web|work=毎日中国経済|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=September 27, 2012|accessdate=October 3, 2012|script-title=ja:ロシア東部湾岸に大量のカキやカニ押し寄せる 台風１５号で|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6B8gucQ7f|language=ja}}</ref>
+On August&nbsp;29, the remnants of Bolaven brought winds up to {{convert|90|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} in the Primorsky Krai, leaving 9,800 people without power. Power was soon restored to all but 195 residents who live in the town of Vityaz.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=RIA Novosti |date=August 29, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |title=Typhoon Bolaven Cuts Electricity in Far East |url=http://en.ria.ru/russia/20120829/175495670.html |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHcHso9x |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> In [[Vladivostok]], wind gusts reached {{convert|118|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, downing numerous trees.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=RIA Novosti |date=August 29, 2012 |accessdate=August 29, 2012 |title=Consequences of Typhoon Bolaven in Primorye Territory |url=http://en.rian.ru/photolents/20120829/175496247.html |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AHcRY2hM |archivedate=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> Rains associated with the storm were light, with only {{convert|5|mm|in|abbr=on}} recorded in Vladivostok.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Portamur |date=August 29, 2012 |accessdate=September 24, 2012 |title=Тайфун Bolaven пронесся по Владивостоку |url=http://portamur.ru/news/detail/tayfun-bolaven-uraganom-pronessya-po-vladivostoku/ |language=ru |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6Av5XE84Y |archivedate=September 24, 2012 }}</ref> Gale-force winds prompted the temporary closure of the [[Bridge to Russky Island]], which was built specifically for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Summit. With ferries already canceled, residents were unable to leave the island until the storm passed.<ref name="TVOR1">{{cite web|publisher=The Voice of Russia |date=August 29, 2012 |accessdate=August 30, 2012 |title=Bridge to Russky Island closed due to typhoon |url=http://english.ruvr.ru/2012_08_29/Bridge-to-Russky-Island-closed-due-to-typhoon/ |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AJAhBS5S |archivedate=August 30, 2012 }}</ref> In the [[Khabarovsk Krai]], heavy rains from the storm proved beneficial as they allowed firefighters to extinguish six [[wildfire]]s and contain five others within a 24‑hour span.<ref>{{cite web|author=Mayak |publisher=The Voice of Russia |date=August 31, 2012 |accessdate=September 4, 2012 |title=Typhoon Bolaven helps douse wildfires |url=http://english.ruvr.ru/2012_08_31/Typhoon-Bolaven-helps-douse-wildfires/ |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AQhD0bgC |archivedate=September 4, 2012 }}</ref> Along the coast, large waves caused some [[beach erosion]] and prompted evacuations in Manchzhurka. Additionally, five people had to be rescued after ignoring warnings and wading into the sea.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Prima Media |date=August 29, 2012 |accessdate=September 24, 2012 |script-title=ru:Тайфун "Болавен" затопил пляж Манчжурка в Хасанском районе Приморья |url=http://primamedia.ru/news/primorye/29.08.2012/224880/tayfun-quot-bolaven-quot-zatopil-plyazh-manchzhurka-v-hasanskom-rayone-primorya.html |language=ru |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6Av5lz6Mx |archivedate=September 24, 2012 }}</ref> In some areas, large numbers of crabs, fish, and oysters washed ashore during the storm.<ref>{{cite web|work=毎日中国経済 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=September 27, 2012 |accessdate=October 3, 2012 |script-title=ja:ロシア東部湾岸に大量のカキやカニ押し寄せる 台風１５号で |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120927-00000009-xinhua-int |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6B8gucQ7f |archivedate=October 3, 2012 }}</ref>
 {{clear}}
@@ Line 85: / Line 85: @@
 ===South Korea===
-By September&nbsp;6, farmers in southern areas of the country requested aid from the government.<ref>{{cite web|work=대한민국 중심언론|publisher=No Cut News|date=September 6, 2012|accessdate=September 24, 2012|title=KGC인삼공사, 태풍 피해 인삼농가 복구지원|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6Av3e6wG1|language=ko}}</ref> In South Jeolla Province, ₩35&nbsp;billion (US$31.1&nbsp;million) was allocated for post-storm recovery. Of this, about half went to repairing public facilities. Across the province, repairs were expected to be completed by October or November 2012.<ref>{{cite web|author=전만오 기자|publisher=Namdo Broadcasting Network|date=September 20, 2012|accessdate=September 20, 2012|script-title=ko:보성군, 태풍 피해복구 177억 원 투입|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6Ap7YQcVu|language=ko}}</ref> On September&nbsp;11, the Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister announced that residents severely affected by the typhoon were eligible for up to ₩50&nbsp;million (US$44,000) in construction assistance.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=옥답|date=September 11, 2012|accessdate=September 24, 2012|script-title=ko:태풍으로 부서진 농어촌 주택 긴급 복구 지원|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6Av3vBZTQ|language=ko}}</ref> Economically, Typhoons Bolaven and Tembin contributed to a 6.6% decrease in construction investment, the largest drop since January 2003.<ref>{{cite web|work=中央日報日本語版|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=October 1, 2012|accessdate=October 3, 2012|script-title=ja:８月の製造業稼働率、３９カ月ぶり最低水準＝韓国|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6B8hBjLHR|language=ja}}</ref>
+By September&nbsp;6, farmers in southern areas of the country requested aid from the government.<ref>{{cite web|work=대한민국 중심언론 |publisher=No Cut News |date=September 6, 2012 |accessdate=September 24, 2012 |title=KGC인삼공사, 태풍 피해 인삼농가 복구지원 |url=http://www.nocutnews.co.kr/show.asp?idx=2248887 |language=ko |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6Av3e6wG1 |archivedate=September 24, 2012 }}</ref> In South Jeolla Province, ₩35&nbsp;billion (US$31.1&nbsp;million) was allocated for post-storm recovery. Of this, about half went to repairing public facilities. Across the province, repairs were expected to be completed by October or November 2012.<ref>{{cite web|author=전만오 기자 |publisher=Namdo Broadcasting Network |date=September 20, 2012 |accessdate=September 20, 2012 |script-title=ko:보성군, 태풍 피해복구 177억 원 투입 |url=http://www.nbn-news.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=20409 |language=ko |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6Ap7YQcVu |archivedate=September 20, 2012 }}</ref> On September&nbsp;11, the Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister announced that residents severely affected by the typhoon were eligible for up to ₩50&nbsp;million (US$44,000) in construction assistance.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=옥답|date=September 11, 2012|accessdate=September 24, 2012|script-title=ko:태풍으로 부서진 농어촌 주택 긴급 복구 지원|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6Av3vBZTQ|language=ko}}</ref> Economically, Typhoons Bolaven and Tembin contributed to a 6.6% decrease in construction investment, the largest drop since January 2003.<ref>{{cite web|work=中央日報日本語版 |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=October 1, 2012 |accessdate=October 3, 2012 |script-title=ja:８月の製造業稼働率、３９カ月ぶり最低水準＝韓国 |url=http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20121001-00000008-cnippou-kr |language=ja |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6B8hBjLHR |archivedate=October 3, 2012 }}</ref>
 ===North Korea===
-On September&nbsp;4, Hwang Woo-yea, chairman of South Korea's [[Saenuri Party]], urged the government to seek international aid, namely in the form of food, for North Korean residents affected by the typhoon.<ref>{{cite web|author=Kim Young-jin|publisher=The Korea Times|date=September 4, 2012|accessdate=September 5, 2012|title=Saenuri party leader calls for Bolaven aid to NK|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6AS0hydqn}}</ref> On September&nbsp;6, the Red Cross Society of Democratic People's Republic of Korea announced that international aid may be requested for the effects of severe flooding in July and Typhoon Bolaven. Locally, the Red Cross distributed 2,515 emergency kits to more than 11,600 people in three of the hardest hit provinces.<ref name="NewsWire1"/> During the first week of September, the government of North Korea requested aid from South Korea and later accepted their offer of 10,000&nbsp;tons of flour, and 3&nbsp;million packages of instant noodles, medical supplies and other aid.<ref name="CNN3">{{cite web|author=K.J. Kwon|publisher=CNN|date=September 10, 2012|accessdate=September 12, 2012|title=Typhoon-stricken North Korea rebuffs aid offer from South|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/09/12/world/asia/north-korea-flood-aid/index.html}}</ref> Additionally, the [[United Nations World Food Program]] called for emergency assistance for the country.<ref name="CNN4">{{cite web|author=K.J. Kwon|publisher=CNN|date=September 10, 2012|accessdate=September 12, 2012|title=North Korea agrees to take South Korea aid|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/09/10/world/asia/north-korea-flood-aid/index.html}}</ref> However, despite initially agreeing to terms with South Korea, North Korea rejected the aid offer, stating that "they don't need such aid."<ref name="CNN3"/>
+On September&nbsp;4, Hwang Woo-yea, chairman of South Korea's [[Saenuri Party]], urged the government to seek international aid, namely in the form of food, for North Korean residents affected by the typhoon.<ref>{{cite web|author=Kim Young-jin |publisher=The Korea Times |date=September 4, 2012 |accessdate=September 5, 2012 |title=Saenuri party leader calls for Bolaven aid to NK |url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2012/09/116_119084.html |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AS0hydqn |archivedate=September 5, 2012 }}</ref> On September&nbsp;6, the Red Cross Society of Democratic People's Republic of Korea announced that international aid may be requested for the effects of severe flooding in July and Typhoon Bolaven. Locally, the Red Cross distributed 2,515 emergency kits to more than 11,600 people in three of the hardest hit provinces.<ref name="NewsWire1"/> During the first week of September, the government of North Korea requested aid from South Korea and later accepted their offer of 10,000&nbsp;tons of flour, and 3&nbsp;million packages of instant noodles, medical supplies and other aid.<ref name="CNN3">{{cite web|author=K.J. Kwon|publisher=CNN|date=September 10, 2012|accessdate=September 12, 2012|title=Typhoon-stricken North Korea rebuffs aid offer from South|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/09/12/world/asia/north-korea-flood-aid/index.html}}</ref> Additionally, the [[United Nations World Food Program]] called for emergency assistance for the country.<ref name="CNN4">{{cite web|author=K.J. Kwon|publisher=CNN|date=September 10, 2012|accessdate=September 12, 2012|title=North Korea agrees to take South Korea aid|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/09/10/world/asia/north-korea-flood-aid/index.html}}</ref> However, despite initially agreeing to terms with South Korea, North Korea rejected the aid offer, stating that "they don't need such aid."<ref name="CNN3"/>
 ==See also==

v t e Tropical cyclones of the 2012 Pacific typhoon season
	TD TD TD 01W TD TD TS Pakhar TD TD TD TD STS Sanvu TY Mawar VSTY Guchol STS Talim TS Doksuri STS Khanun TY Vicente TY Saola TY Damrey TY Haikui STS Kirogi TD TD TY Kai-tak TY Tembin VSTY Bolaven TD TD VITY Sanba TD TD VITY Jelawat STS Ewiniar STS Maliski STS Gaemi VSTY Prapiroon STS Maria VSTY Son-Tinh TD 25W VSTY Bopha TS Wukong
Category