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On February 7, 2017, [[CNN]] reported that "President Donald Trump is disappointed in Spicer's performance during the first two weeks of the administration." Trump also is upset at White House chief of staff [[Reince Priebus]] for recommending Spicer, the network reported. Trump "regrets it every day and blames Priebus," a White House source told CNN.<ref name="CNN_T100_Spicer_Trump">{{citation |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/07/politics/sean-spicer-white-house-communications/index.html |title=White House ramping up search for communications director after Spicer's rocky start |author=[[Jim Acosta]]|publisher=CNN |date=February 7, 2017 |accessdate=February 7, 2017}}</ref><ref>[http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/318385-report-trump-regrets-hiring-spicer-blames-priebus "CNN: Trump regrets hiring Spicer, blames Priebus,"] ''The Hill'', February 7, 2017, retrieved February 7, 2017.</ref> His role as temporary Communications Director was filled by [[Michael Dubke|Mike Dubke]] on March 6, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/03/06/president-donald-j-trump-announces-white-house-staff-appointments|title=President Donald J. Trump Announces White House Staff Appointments|date=March 6, 2017|publisher=}}</ref>
On February 7, 2017, [[CNN]] reported that "President Donald Trump is disappointed in Spicer's performance during the first two weeks of the administration." Trump also is upset at White House chief of staff [[Reince Priebus]] for recommending Spicer, the network reported. Trump "regrets it every day and blames Priebus," a White House source told CNN.<ref name="CNN_T100_Spicer_Trump">{{citation |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/07/politics/sean-spicer-white-house-communications/index.html |title=White House ramping up search for communications director after Spicer's rocky start |author=[[Jim Acosta]]|publisher=CNN |date=February 7, 2017 |accessdate=February 7, 2017}}</ref><ref>[http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/318385-report-trump-regrets-hiring-spicer-blames-priebus "CNN: Trump regrets hiring Spicer, blames Priebus,"] ''The Hill'', February 7, 2017, retrieved February 7, 2017.</ref> His role as temporary Communications Director was filled by [[Michael Dubke|Mike Dubke]] on March 6, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/03/06/president-donald-j-trump-announces-white-house-staff-appointments|title=President Donald J. Trump Announces White House Staff Appointments|date=March 6, 2017|publisher=}}</ref>

On April 11,2017, [[MSNBC]] reported that Sean Spicer said that '[[Adolf Hitler]]' did not use chemical weapons on his own people like [[Syrians|Syrian]] [[Bashar al-Assad|Bashar Al-Assad]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/spicer-offends-hitler-gassing-remark-n745241|title=Here's why people are upset that Sean Spicer compared Syrian President Assad to Hitler|work=NBC News|access-date=2017-04-11|language=en}}</ref>


==In popular culture==
==In popular culture==

Revision as of 19:55, 11 April 2017

Sean Spicer
30th White House Press Secretary
Assumed office
January 20, 2017
PresidentDonald Trump
Preceded byJosh Earnest
White House Director of Communications
In office
January 20, 2017 – March 6, 2017
PresidentDonald Trump
Preceded byJen Psaki
Succeeded byMike Dubke
Personal details
Born
Sean Michael Spicer

(1971-09-23) September 23, 1971 (age 52)
Manhasset, New York, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
Spouse
Rebecca Miller
​
(m. 2004)​
Children2
EducationConnecticut College (BA)
Naval War College (MA)
WebsiteOfficial Twitter
Personal Twitter
Military service
Allegiance United States
Branch/service United States Navy
Years of service1999–present
Rank Commander
UnitU.S. Navy Reserve

Sean Michael Spicer (born September 23, 1971)[1][2] is the White House press secretary and former communications director for President Donald Trump.[3]

Spicer was communications director of the Republican National Committee, from 2011 to 2017, and its chief strategist, from 2015 to 2017.[4] On December 22, 2016, Spicer was named as Trump's White House press secretary, and two days later, he was also named White House communications director.[5][6] He assumed both positions with Trump's inauguration on January 20, 2017.

Spicer's first official statement as press secretary was criticized for providing what became called "alternative facts" regarding the inauguration's attendance numbers.[7] In his statement, he also claimed that the inauguration was "the most watched ever", but subsequently stated that he was referring not only to live attendees at the ceremony or those watching on TV, but also viewers who watched the inauguration online.[8] However, no conclusive figures are available for online viewers,[9] so the claim is unverifiable.[10][11]

Early life and education

Spicer is the son of Kathryn (née Grossman) and Michael William Spicer. While the Spicers were living in Port Washington, he was born at North Shore Hospital in Manhasset, New York.[2] Spicer grew up in Barrington, Rhode Island.[12] His father was an insurance agent and his mother is the department manager in the East Asian studies department at Brown University.[13][1][14] He is of Irish descent.[15]

Spicer attended Portsmouth Abbey School, from 1985 to 1989.[16] Spicer volunteered for local political campaigns in Rhode Island while in high school and continued those activities while at college.[17]

He attended Connecticut College from 1989 to 1993, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in government.[18] In college he was a student senator. In April 1993, he wrote a letter to the student paper, The College Voice, urging that new campus anti-smoking rules not alter existing accommodations for smoking during examinations, then submitted an angry complaint after they rendered his byline as "Sean Sphincter", for which he received further ribbing from the campus satirical publication Blats. The incident was later cited as the beginning of his contentious relationship with the media.[19][20]

In 2012, he received a master's degree in national security and strategic studies from the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island.[21]

Career

1990s

After graduating from college in 1993, Spicer worked on a number of political campaigns.[22] In the late 1990s he worked for U.S. congressmen Mike Pappas (R-NJ),[23] Frank LoBiondo (R-NJ),[24] Mark Foley (R-FL),[25] and Clay Shaw (R-FL).[26]

In 1999, Spicer joined the U.S. Navy Reserve as a public affairs officer; he currently holds the rank of commander.[27] As of December 2016, he was assigned to the Joint Chiefs of Staff's naval reserve contingent in Washington, D.C.[28]

2000s

From 2000 to 2001, Spicer was the communications director on the House Government Reform Committee, and from 2001 to 2002 he was director of incumbent retention at the National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC).[29]

From 2003 to 2005,[29] Spicer was the communications director and spokesman for the House Budget Committee.[1] He subsequently was the communications director for the Republican Conference of the U.S. House of Representatives, and then, from 2006 to 2009, was the assistant U.S. Trade Representative for media and public affairs in President George W. Bush's administration.[30]

From 2009 to 2011, Spicer was a partner at Endeavor Global Strategies, a public relations firm he co-founded to represent foreign governments and corporations with business before the U.S. government.[31] Spicer's firm represented the foreign government of Colombia then seeking a free trade agreement with the U.S. amid public criticism of the its human rights record, and other clients.[32] Spicer worked full-time at the firm until February 2011.[33]

Republican National Committee

In February 2011, Spicer became the communications director of the Republican National Committee.[33] At the RNC, Spicer enlarged the organization's social media operations, built an in-house TV production team, and created a rapid response program to reply to attacks.[30] In February 2015 he was given an additional role, as chief strategist for the party.[34]

While at the RNC, Spicer was critical of then Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump. In June 2015, after Trump said illegal immigrants from Mexico were involved in crimes in the U.S., Spicer said "painting Mexican Americans with that kind of a brush, I think that’s probably something that is not helpful to the cause."[35] In July 2015, he released a public criticism of Trump's comments on U.S. Senator John McCain, saying "there is no place in our party or our country for comments that disparage those who have served honorably."[36]

Trump administration

On December 22, 2016, Spicer was named the White House press secretary for Donald Trump. On December 24, he was also named the communications director for the Trump Administration.[37] after the resignation of Jason Miller.[38]

Spicer at press conference

On January 21, 2017, the day after the inauguration and two days before his first official press conference, Spicer made a statement to the press in which he was highly critical of the media, saying they had underestimated the size of the crowds for President Trump's inaugural ceremony. He claimed that the ceremony had drawn the "largest audience to ever to witness an inauguration, period – both in person and around the globe." But as many sources immediately pointed out, that claim was false.[39][40] Spicer falsely accused the press of altering images of the event to minimize the size of the crowds.[7] He said floor coverings over the grass were to blame for a visual effect that made the audience look smaller, and stated they had never been used before despite the fact that they had been used in 2013 for the preceding second inauguration of Barack Obama.[41][42] He also used incorrect figures to claim that Metro ridership was higher during Trump's inauguration than during Obama's, when in fact it was lower than either of Obama's inaugurations.[43] Spicer took no questions after his statement.[39] Later, Spicer defended his previous statements by saying "sometimes we can disagree with the facts".[44] It was subsequently reported that Spicer had made the statement on direct orders from Trump, who was furious at what he considered unfair press coverage of his inauguration.[45]

In response to the briefing, conservative political analyst Bill Kristol wrote: "It is embarrassing, as an American, to watch this briefing by Sean Spicer from the podium at the White House."[46] Vanity Fair described Spicer's statement as "peppered with lies,"[47] and The Atlantic described Spicer's briefing as "bizarre." The article referred to the "Trump administration's needless lies" and noted that Spicer's statements appeared to involve a "deliberate attempt to mislead".[48] Glenn Kessler of The Washington Post gave Spicer's claims four Pinocchios, claiming that he was so appalled by the press secretary's performance that he wished he could have given him five Pinocchios instead of the maximum number of four.[49]

Trump's team defended Spicer's statements. White House chief of staff Reince Priebus stated that the purpose of Spicer's conference was to call out what he called "dishonesty in the media" and their "obsession with delegitimizing the president".[50] Trump's campaign strategist and counselor, Kellyanne Conway, told NBC's Chuck Todd that Trump's inauguration crowd numbers could not be proved nor quantified and that the press secretary was simply giving "alternative facts."[51] Todd responded by saying, "Alternative facts are not facts. They are falsehoods."[52]

Two days later, on January 23, 2017, Spicer held his first official White House press conference and took questions from reporters.[53][54] Asked about attendance at the inauguration, he said his definition of a viewing audience also included individuals who watched the event on television and social media online, claiming that online viewership must have been in the "tens of millions".[8] Spicer's argument was based on the reported figure of 16.9 million people who began streaming the inauguration on CNN's website. This argument has been criticized because the 16.9 million streams included people who started the stream and then left.[55]

On February 7, 2017, CNN reported that "President Donald Trump is disappointed in Spicer's performance during the first two weeks of the administration." Trump also is upset at White House chief of staff Reince Priebus for recommending Spicer, the network reported. Trump "regrets it every day and blames Priebus," a White House source told CNN.[56][57] His role as temporary Communications Director was filled by Mike Dubke on March 6, 2017.[58]

On April 11,2017, MSNBC reported that Sean Spicer said that 'Adolf Hitler' did not use chemical weapons on his own people like Syrian Bashar Al-Assad.[59]

On January 24, 2017, Trevor Noah profiled Spicer on the Daily Show with a segment called "Profiles in Tremendousness." Noah likened him to an air freshener "that just makes things worse" in the restroom and roasted him about using "alternative facts".[60][61]

On February 4, 2017, a "raging" Spicer was lampooned on Saturday Night Live when Melissa McCarthy portrayed him in a skit giving a press conference.[62][63][64] Spicer found the skit "funny", but also stated McCarthy "could dial back" a bit.[65][66] Politico reported sources close to Trump saying that it was "Spicer's portrayal by a woman that was most problematic in the president's eyes."[67]

A week later, on February 11, 2017, Melissa McCarthy reprised her role as Spicer on SNL with a cold open. Vanity Fair wrote "the sketch itself went right for the jugular."[68] The skit satirized Spicer hawking Ivanka Trump products and lamented that Nordstrom had dropped her eponymous clothing line.[69]

Personal life

On November 13, 2004, Spicer married Rebecca Miller, at the time a television producer, at St. Alban's Episcopal Church in Washington D.C.[1] Spicer and his wife live in Alexandria, Virginia. They have two children.[70] His wife is senior vice president, communications and public affairs, for the National Beer Wholesalers Association.[71][72]

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Fashion Weddings : Rebecca Miller & Sean Spicer". The New York Times. November 14, 2004. Archived from the original on February 6, 2017. Retrieved November 11, 2016. Mr. Spicer, also 33... {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b "Born". The Newport Daily News. Newport County, Rhode Island. September 25, 1971. p. 2. Spicer – Sept. 23, 1971, at North Shore Hospital in Manhasset, Long Island, a son to Mr. and Mrs. Michael Spicer (Kathryn Grossman)...
  3. ^ "GOP Biography of Sean Spicer". Republican National Committee. January 3, 2017. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  4. ^ "Sean Spicer: Executive Profile and Biography – Businessweek". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on November 11, 2016. Retrieved January 3, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ "Sean Spicer Named Press Secretary". CNBC. December 21, 2016. Archived from the original on December 22, 2016. Retrieved December 21, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Alex, Isenstadt. "Jason Miller Backs Out of Trump White House Job". Politico.com. Retrieved December 24, 2016.
  7. ^ a b Benwell, Max (January 23, 2017). "White House press conference: When is it, how can I watch it, and what will Sean Spicer say?". The Independent. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  8. ^ a b Johnson, Jenna (January 23, 2017). "Sean Spicer at press briefing: 'Our intention is never to lie to you'". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
  9. ^ "White House press secretary Sean Spicer said that Donald Trump's inauguration was the most viewed in history, but that claim is unsubstantiated". Snopes.com.
  10. ^ "Trump Spokesman Now Says 'Largest Audience' Inaugural Claim Involved Online Viewers, Is Still Full of It". Slate.com.
  11. ^ "Sean Spicer's Inauguration Ratings Claims, Fact-checked". Vulture.com.
  12. ^ Arsenault, Mark (February 8, 2017). "The 17 rules of Sean Spicer, Rhode Island native". The Boston Globe. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
  13. ^ "Episode 110: Sean Spicer". University of Chicago Institute of Politics. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
  14. ^ Lowry, Rich (December 1, 2016). "Trump on Twitter: I'll punish companies that ship jobs overseas – Pence's Power Play – Trump's tax nightmare – Spotted at Eric Wilson and Rachael Dean wedding – B'day: Al Hunt". Politico.com. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
  15. ^ Carswell, Simon; Lynch, Suzanne (February 6, 2017). "Sean Spicer interview: Trump spin doctor, Smithwick's drinker, Ireland fan". The Irish Times. Retrieved April 5, 2017. Spicer, the great-grandson of an Irish immigrant
  16. ^ McGee, Sandy (December 22, 2016). "President Elect's New Press Secretary's Local School Ties". Portsmouth Press. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  17. ^ Kalunian, Kim (December 26, 2016). "RI native Sean Spicer on journey to White House". Providence, Rhode Island: WPRI-TV. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  18. ^ "Sean Spicer – Former Guest Speaker". Leadership Institute. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
  19. ^ Charlie Savage, Eric Lipton, Gardiner Harris and Michael D. Shearjan (January 23, 2017). "Taxpayers Will Defend Trump in Suit Charging Constitutional Violations". New York Times.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ Daniel Bates (February 8, 2017). "From Sean Sphincter to Saturday Night Live: How Sean Spicer became a punchline". International Business Times.
  21. ^ Dicker, Rachel (January 23, 2017). "10 Things You Didn't Know About Sean Spicer". US News and World Report.
  22. ^ Grynbaum, Michael M. (January 29, 2017). "Sean Spicer, Trump Press Secretary, Is 'Not Here to Be Someone's Buddy'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 11, 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  23. ^ Schmitt, Eric (May 2, 1997). "Bill Financing House Panels Passes as G.O.P. Rebels Gain". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  24. ^ Morgan, Dan; Morgan, Dan (April 2, 1997). "On Hill, Campaign Duties Seldom Far Away". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  25. ^ Glover, Cindy (March 19, 1999). "For Foley. 'Not Right Time' For Senate Race". Sun Sentinel. Retrieved January 19, 2017. Foley spokesman Sean Spicer said
  26. ^ Vita, Matthew; Eilperin, Juliet (November 10, 2000). "House Race Recounts Also May Be Crucial". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  27. ^ Edwards, Jane (December 23, 2016). "Trump Picks Navy Reserve Commander Sean Spicer as White House Press Secretary". ExecutiveGov.com. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  28. ^ "The next White House Press Secretary is a Navy officer". Military Times.
  29. ^ a b "Republican National Committee (RNC) Organization 2015,". Democracy in Action. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  30. ^ a b Alexander, David (December 23, 2016). "Trump taps RNC's Spicer for White House spokesman". Reuters. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  31. ^ Ariel Alexovich and Jacqueline Klingebiel. "Suite Talk March 12, 2009". Politico. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
  32. ^ "K Street Files: Colombia is controversy," Roll Call, September 8, 2009, retrieved January 25, 2017.
  33. ^ a b Cillizza, Chris (February 24, 2011). "Sean Spicer chosen as RNC communications director". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  34. ^ Preston, Mark (February 1, 2015). "Top RNC communicator expands role". CNN. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  35. ^ "RNC: Trump's immigration rhetoric 'not helpful,'" MSNBC, June 18, 2015, retrieved January 25, 2017.
  36. ^ "RNC statement in response to Donald Trump's comments on U.S. Senator John McCain," GOP.com, retrieved January 25, 2017.
  37. ^ Byers, Dylan (December 22, 2016). "Trump Picks Sean Spicer as White House Press Secretary, Jason Miller as Communications Director". CNN. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
  38. ^ "Transition adviser's tweets add intrigue to Trump aide Jason Miller's sudden resignation". The Washington Post. December 25, 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
  39. ^ a b Cillizza, Chris (January 21, 2017). "Sean Spicer held a press conference. He didn't take questions. Or tell the whole truth". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  40. ^ "White House press secretary attacks media for accurately reporting inauguration crowds". CNN.com. January 21, 2017. Retrieved January 21, 2017.
  41. ^ Bennett, Brian (January 22, 2017). "What the White House said about Trump's inauguration crowd and how it was wrong". San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  42. ^ Helsel, Phil (January 21, 2017). "Trump Press Secretary Slams Media Over Inauguration Crowd Size Coverage". NBC News. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  43. ^ Siddiqui, Faiz (January 23, 2017). "Trump White House admits its Metro ridership figures for Inauguration Day were wrong". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
  44. ^ "Donald Trump's press secretary says 'we can sometimes disagree with the facts'". The Independent. UK. January 23, 2017. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  45. ^ "The first days inside Trump's White House: Fury, tumult and a reboot". The Washington Post. January 23, 2017. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
  46. ^ Stelter, Brian (January 21, 2017). "White House press secretary attacks media for accurately reporting inauguration crowds". CNN. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  47. ^ Makarechi, Kia. "Trump Spokesman's Lecture on Media Accuracy Is Peppered With Lies". Vanity Fair.
  48. ^ Graham, David A. "'Alternative Facts': The Needless Lies of the Trump Administration". The Atlantic.
  49. ^ "Spicer earns Four Pinocchios for false claims on inauguration crowd size". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  50. ^ "Chris Wallace Grills Priebus: 'How Does Arguing About Crowd Size' Help the American People?". Mediaite.com. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  51. ^ "Kellyanne Conway: Spicer 'gave alternative facts' on inauguration crowd". NBC News. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  52. ^ "Kellyanne Conway cites 'alternative facts' in tense interview with Chuck Todd over false crowd size claims".
  53. ^ "White House spokesman Sean Spicer's first official press conference".
  54. ^ "Sean Spicer Takes Questions From Media During First White House Briefing". www.cbsnews.com. January 23, 2017. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
  55. ^ Bump, Philip (January 23, 2017). "There's no evidence that Trump's inauguration was the most-watched in history. Period". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
  56. ^ Jim Acosta (February 7, 2017), White House ramping up search for communications director after Spicer's rocky start, CNN, retrieved February 7, 2017
  57. ^ "CNN: Trump regrets hiring Spicer, blames Priebus," The Hill, February 7, 2017, retrieved February 7, 2017.
  58. ^ "President Donald J. Trump Announces White House Staff Appointments". March 6, 2017.
  59. ^ "Here's why people are upset that Sean Spicer compared Syrian President Assad to Hitler". NBC News. Retrieved April 11, 2017.
  60. ^ Moye, David (January 15, 2017). "'The Daily Show' Profiles Sean Spicer, AKA 'Donald Trump's Air Freshener'". Huffington Post. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
  61. ^ Wilstein, Matt (January 24, 2017). "'The Daily Show's' Trevor Noah Burns Sean Spicer's 'Alternative Facts'". The Daily Beast. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
  62. ^ Stableford, Dylan (February 5, 2017). "Melissa McCarthy steals the show as a raging Sean Spicer on 'SNL'". Yahoo. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
  63. ^ Itzkoff, Dave (February 5, 2017). "'S.N.L.' Goes After Trump Again, With Melissa McCarthy As Sean Spicer". The New York Times. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
  64. ^ Gilbert, Sophie (February 5, 2017). "The Genius of Melissa McCarthy as Sean Spicer on Saturday Night Live". The Atlantic. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
  65. ^ Amatulli, Jenna (February 6, 2017). "Sean Spicer Responds To Melissa McCarthy's 'Saturday Night Live' Sketch". Huffington Post. Retrieved February 6, 2017.
  66. ^ http://www.washingtontimes.com, The Washington Times. "Sean Spicer, White House press secretary, complains 'SNL' take on on Donald Trump is too 'mean'". The Washington Times. Retrieved February 7, 2017. {{cite news}}: External link in |last= (help)
  67. ^ Karni, Annie; Dawsey, Josh; Palmeri, Tara (February 6, 2017). "White House rattled by McCarthy's spoof of Spicer". Politico.
  68. ^ Robinson, Joanna (February 12, 2017). "S.N.L.: Watch Melissa McCarthy's Sean Spicer Return to Hit Donald and Ivanka Trump Where It Hurts". Vanity Fair. Retrieved February 12, 2017.
  69. ^ Balluck, Kyle (February 12, 2017). "Melissa McCarthy returns as Sean Spicer on 'SNL,' pitching Ivanka Trump's clothing line". The Hill. Retrieved February 12, 2017.
  70. ^ Terris, Ben; Terris, Ben (August 16, 2016). "What happens when you tie your career to Donald Trump? Ask Sean Spicer in a few months". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  71. ^ Roberts, Kayleigh (January 22, 2017). "Who Is Sean Spicer? 10 Things to Know About Trump's Pick for Press Secretary". Cosmopolitan.
  72. ^ "Rebecca Spicer". National Beer Wholesalers Association. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
Political offices
Preceded by White House Director of Communications
2017 		Succeeded by
Preceded by White House Press Secretary
2017–present 		Incumbent
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