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Woodstock '99

Coordinates: 43°14′N 75°25′W / 43.23°N 75.41°W / 43.23; -75.41
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Woodstock '99
Bassist Tim Commerford (left) of Rage Against the Machine burns the American flag onstage during "Killing in the Name" at Woodstock '99
GenreRock, hip hop, nu metal,
rap metal, big beat, techno,
punk rock, pop-punk, funk rock
DatesJuly 22–25, 1999
Location(s)Rome, New York, U.S.
Coordinates43°14′N 75°25′W / 43.23°N 75.41°W / 43.23; -75.41
Attendance400,000+
WebsiteArchive of the Woodstock 99 Experience
Rome is located in the United States
Rome
Rome
class=notpageimage|
Location in the United States
Rome is located in New York
Rome
Rome
class=notpageimage|
Location in New York

Woodstock '99 (also called Woodstock 1999) was a music festival held from July 22 to July 25, 1999,[1][2] in Rome, New York. After Woodstock '94, it was the second large-scale music festival that attempted to emulate the original 1969 Woodstock festival. Like the previous festivals, it was held in upstate New York, this time at the former Griffiss Air Force Base, roughly one hundred miles (160 km) from the site of the original Woodstock. The attendance was approximately 400,000 over four days.

The cable network MTV covered the festival extensively, and live coverage was available on pay-per-view. Westwood One held its radio rights.[3] Excerpts were released on CD and DVD.

Organizers attempted to hold a European leg of the festival in Wiener Neustadt, Austria the weekend prior to the update New York concert.[4] However this festival was ultimately cancelled. In announcing the cancellation, Michael Lang stated that more time was required in order to be able hold a safe Woodstock event.[5]

The festival was marred by difficult environmental conditions, violence, sexual assault, looting, vandalism, and fires.[2]

Performers

Many of the high profile acts such as DMX, Limp Bizkit, Korn, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Alanis Morissette, Kid Rock, Metallica, and Creed were popular or rising artists of the era. While no groups that performed at the original Woodstock festival took the stage at Woodstock 1999, there were individuals who did. John Entwistle of the Who performed a solo set, and Mickey Hart, drummer of the Grateful Dead, played with his band Planet Drum. Jeff Beck was scheduled to perform but had to cancel due to a "scheduling conflict". He had been scheduled to perform at the original Woodstock festival; however, his band Jeff Beck Group broke up the week before.[6] Although the Doors rejected an offer to play at the first Woodstock, their guitarist Robby Krieger was a surprise addition to Creed's set, after he was invited to perform "Roadhouse Blues" with Creed.[7]

Foo Fighters were set to perform, but withdrew to finish work on There Is Nothing Left to Lose, coupled with guitarist Franz Stahl leaving the band.[8] Sugar Ray was slated to appear at Woodstock 1999 but had to cancel due to lead singer Mark McGrath's illness.[9] Al Green was also supposed to appear, but backed out following John F. Kennedy Jr.'s death in a plane crash.[10]

Facilities

Aerial photo of Griffiss Air Force Base in 1997

The festival was held on the east side of Rome at the former Griffiss Air Force Base, a Superfund site.[11] The U.S. Air Force closed the B-52 base four years earlier in 1995 and it was converted to a business and technology park.[1][2]

The promoters were determined to avoid the gate-crashing that had occurred at previous festivals. They characterized the site as "defensible", thinking a 12-foot (3.7 m) plywood and steel fence would keep out those without tickets. Attendees actually broke through a 100-foot section of this "Peace Wall" on Saturday night (not to get into the show, but to get out).[12] Along with the fence, about 500 New York State Police troopers were planned to be providing additional security against gate-crashers.[13] In addition to two main stages, secondary venues were available. These included several alternate stages, a night-time rave tent, and a film festival (sponsored by the Independent Film Channel) held in a former airplane hangar.

Woodstock '99 was conceived and executed as a commercial venture with dozens of corporate sponsors and included the presence of vendor "malls" and modern accoutrements such as ATMs and e-mail stations.[14] Advance tickets for the event were priced at $150 (equivalent to $270 in 2023) plus service charges,[15] at the time considered costly for a festival of this type.[16] Tickets purchased at the gate cost $180.[17]

There were about 400,000 attendees.[15] A total of 186,983 tickets were sold, according to reports shortly after the festival, which "translates into a gross take of $28,864,748" at the time.[18] Ticket sales were advertised as being capped at 250,000, the capacity of the venue.[19] It has been estimated that ticket sales were worth $60 million in revenue, but that number appears to have been based on believing there were 400,000 paid attendees.[20] It has been suggested that ticket sales were underreported to avoid extra contractual payouts to the hosting community:[21]

Perhaps the discrepancy stems from the deal between Woodstock '99 promoters and the Griffiss Local Development Corporation (GLDC). MTV cites that the GLDC, the city of Rome, and Oneida County were expected to receive $1 million to host the festival and an additional $250,000 if ticket sales topped 200,000.

Any tickets sold beyond 200,000 would then result in an additional $5 (per ticket) paid to all parties. While it's clear more than 186,983 people attended Woodstock '99, on paper, only that many tickets had been recorded being sold.

Based on that figure, the promoters wouldn’t have been required to dish out the extra money it had promised the GLDC.[21]

The promoters stated $38 million in original production costs (not including damages, fees, and emergency costs for extra security).[22][23] Promoters had originally budgeted the festival at $30 million.[24]

Rome, especially the downtown area and the commercial areas adjacent to the festival site, became a major draw for attendees, who patronized its bars, restaurants, and stores and stayed in its hotels and motels for the duration of the concert. It was estimated that tourists spent $30 to $40 million in the area, by the Oneida County Convention and Visitors Bureau.[17]

Reception

The festival featured a diverse assortment of acts, early reviews for many of which were positive. Critics particularly praised performances by George Clinton, Jamiroquai, James Brown, Limp Bizkit, Insane Clown Posse, Sevendust, DMX, Sheryl Crow, the Tragically Hip, and Rage Against the Machine.[25][26] However, critical and public attention would quickly turn to the deteriorating environment and crowd behavior.

Controversy

Environment

Oppressive heat—which reached above 100 °F (38 °C)—and difficult environmental conditions marred the festival from early on. Added to this was the fact that the site, a former air strip, lacked many shade trees.[7] The East and West stages were 2.3 miles (3.7 km) apart, forcing festival goers to walk across hot concrete surfaces. There was not enough room on grassy areas for many campers to set up their tents, and some resorted to camping on asphalt.[12]

Participants were met with high prices once inside. Food and water sold by onsite vendors were expensive.[1][27] As an alternative, festival-goers faced a long trek, or cramped travel via looping buses, to Rome's modest shopping areas, where stores had long lines and low stock.[27][28] People stood in long lines to access the free water fountains, until frustration led a few to break the pipes to provide water to those in the middle of the line, in turn creating many large mud pits.[27]

During his set, Kid Rock demanded that the kids pelt the stage with plastic water bottles.[29]

The number of toilets installed proved insufficient for the number of attendees. Within a short time, some facilities, notably the portable toilets and showers on site, were unusable and overflowing.[27]

The combination of broken water pipes and overflowing toilets resulted in cases of trench mouth and trench foot.[30][31]

Violence and vandalism

Violence and vandalism occurred during and after the Saturday night performance by Limp Bizkit; this included fans tearing plywood from the walls during a performance of the song "Break Stuff". Several sexual assaults were also reported in the aftermath of the concert.[7][32][33][34][35] The band's vocalist, Fred Durst, stated during the concert, "Don't let anybody get hurt. But I don't think you should mellow out. That's what Alanis Morissette had you motherfuckers do. If someone falls, pick 'em up."[32] Durst said during a performance of the band's hit song "Nookie", "We already let all the negative energy out. It's time to reach down and bring that positive energy to this motherfucker. It's time to let yourself go right now, 'cause there are no motherfuckin' rules out there." [36]

Durst later stated in an interview, "I didn't see anybody getting hurt. You don't see that. When you're looking out on a sea of people and the stage is twenty feet [6 m] in the air and you're performing, and you're feeling your music, how do they expect us to see something bad going on?"[32]

During the post-stage rave on Saturday night, a man stole and drove a truck into the rave hangar during Fatboy Slim's set.[7] Staff report seeing a woman being raped in the back of the truck while attempting to remove it from the hangar area.[37][38]

Violence escalated the next night during the final hours of the concert as Red Hot Chili Peppers performed on the east stage and Megadeth performed on the west stage. A group of peace promoters, led by the anti-gun violence organization PAX (later renamed the Center to Prevent Youth Violence), had distributed candles to those stopping at their booth during the day, intending them for a candlelight vigil to be held during the Chili Peppers' performance of the song "Under the Bridge".[39] During the band's set, the crowd began to light the candles, with some also using candles and lighters to start bonfires. Hundreds of empty plastic water bottles that littered the lawn area were used as fuel for the fire, which had spread to both stages by the end of the performances.

After the band was finished with their main set, the audience was informed about "a bit of a problem". An audio tower had caught fire, and the fire department was called in to extinguish it.[40]

Back onstage for an encore, the Chili Peppers' lead singer Anthony Kiedis remarked how amazing the fires looked from the stage, comparing them to the 1979 film Apocalypse Now.[41] The band proceeded to play "Sir Psycho Sexy", followed by their rendition of Jimi Hendrix's "Fire". Kiedis later stated in his autobiography, Scar Tissue, that Hendrix's sister had asked the Chili Peppers to play "Fire" in honor of Jimi and his performance at the original Woodstock festival, and that they were not playing it to encourage the crowd.

Many large, high bonfires were burning before the band left the stage for the last time. Participants danced in circles around the fires. Looking for more fuel, some tore off panels of plywood from the supposedly inviolable security perimeter fence. ATMs were tipped over and broken into, trailers full of merchandise and equipment were forced open and burglarized, and abandoned vendor booths were turned over and set afire.[42] It was reported that approximately $22,000 was robbed from ATMs.[17]

MTV, which had been providing live coverage, removed its entire crew. The MTV host Kurt Loder described the scene in USA Today:

It was dangerous to be around. The whole scene was scary. There were just waves of hatred bouncing around the place...  It was clear we had to get out of there...  It was like a concentration camp. To get in, you get frisked to make sure you're not bringing in any water or food that would prevent you from buying from their outrageously priced booths. You wallow around in garbage and human waste. There was a palpable mood of anger.[43]

By 11:45pm, a large force of 500-700 New York State Police troopers, local police officers, and various other law enforcement arrived.[2][44] Most had crowd control gear and proceeded to form a riot-line that flushed the crowd to the northwest, away from the stage located at the eastern end of the airfield. Some reports state that few of the crowd offered strong resistance, and they dispersed back toward the campground and out the main entrance.[45] Others claim that the riot line allowed the concertgoers to "tire themselves out" in the campground area and that the fires were not contained until "well after sunrise".[44]

Aftermath

Police investigated four instances of rape that occurred during the concert.[46] At least five rapes and numerous other sexual assaults and harassment were reported to authorities.[47] Eyewitnesses reported a crowd-surfing woman being pulled down into the crowd and gang-raped in the mosh pit during Limp Bizkit's set.[48] A volunteer also reported seeing a gang-rape during the Korn performance.[49] Approximately 12 trailers, a small bus, and a number of booths and portable toilets were damaged by fire in the fray; some of the trailers were refrigerated and had coolant or propane tanks that exploded, which can be seen in video footage.[44][37]

A man, David DeRosia, collapsed in the mosh pit during the Metallica performance.[50][51] Concert medical staff initially tried to treat his symptoms, which were seizures, and what doctors suspected to be a drug overdose. DeRosia was transported to the Air Force base medical center and was then airlifted to University Hospital in Syracuse. A little more than an hour after he had collapsed, DeRosia's body temperature was 107 °F (42 °C). The following afternoon, he was in a coma and a doctor had diagnosed him with "hyperthermia, probably secondary to heat stroke". After being in a coma for another day, DeRosia died at 12:09 pm on Monday, July 26. The autopsy report ruled the death as accidental and listed the cause of death to be hyperthermia, along with an enlarged heart and obesity. In 2001, DeRosia's mother filed a lawsuit in New York Supreme Court against the promoters of Woodstock 1999 and six doctors who worked at the event; the lawsuit stated that DeRosia died because concert promoters were negligent by not providing enough fresh water and adequate medical care for 400,000 attendees.[50]

Two other deaths were reported during the festival. A 44-year-old "succumbed to the heat" on Friday; he had been an attendee of Woodstock '69.[44] A 28-year-old woman was hit by a car while walking along the road when leaving the concert.[30] Three people also died at the original Woodstock '69.

Reports suggest 42-44 people were arrested over the course of the festival.[17][44] Ten state troopers and two state police supervisors were reportedly demoted or suspended for their behavior at the festival:[17]

A supervisor of two state troopers who had posed with naked female attendees was suspended; a New York State prison guard was charged with sodomizing a 15-year-old girl during the riots; 253 people had been treated at area hospitals. The official numbers of fans treated on-site is between 4,000 and 4,500, yet Dr. Richard Kaskiw, one of the few area doctors who worked the medical tents, says that he was told by Vuoculo—who issued the official stats—that the numbers were far higher, the 8,000 to 10,000 range.[44]

Shortly afterwards, the New York State Department of Health reported 5,162 medical cases related to the festival.[30]

After the concert, members of the National Organization for Women (NOW) gathered outside the New York offices of one of the promoters to protest the sexual violence against women which had occurred.[47] Several lawsuits by concert-goers against the promoters for dehydration and distress were announced.[52] In October 2000 a woman sued Oneida County and Michael Lang for personal injury over sexual assault at the festival.[53]

The New York Times solicited festival performers Rage Against the Machine for their opinion of the festival's controversy. Tom Morello, the band's guitarist, wrote on August 5, 1999, in Neil Strauss's Times column:

Hey man, leave the kids alone. I've had enough of the frenzied demonization of young people surrounding Woodstock '99. Yes, Woodstock was filled with predators: the degenerate idiots who assaulted those women, the greedy promoters who wrung every cent out of thirsty concertgoers, and last but not least, the predator media that turned a blind eye to real violence and scapegoated the quarter of a million music fans at Woodstock '99, the vast majority of whom had the time of their lives.[54]

It took three weeks to clean up the site after the festival. Organizers spent an estimated $78,000 re-sodding the grounds in the stage and mosh pit areas.[17]

Following the event, San Francisco Examiner journalist Jane Ganahl cast doubt on the ability to promote another high-profile Woodstock concert and described the event as "the day the music died".[55]

Vendor costs

Vendors paid $500 (equivalent to $910 in 2023) to sell at Woodstock during the 4-day festival. With attendance estimated at 400,000, there were many non-vendors who attempted to sell on a smaller scale on the paths to and from the concert and camping areas.[56]

Event schedule

During the four days of the festival, various bands and artists[57] performed on one of the three different stages: "West Stage", "East Stage", and "Emerging Artists Stage".

July 22, 1999 (Thursday) (pre-show)

West Stage

AMP3.com Emerging Artists Stage

  • Immoral Fibres
  • Simmi
  • Chris Glenn
  • Gary Durdin & The Clay Pinps
  • Johnny Rushmore

July 23, 1999 (Friday)

East Stage

West Stage

Emerging Artists Stage

July 24, 1999 (Saturday)

East Stage

West Stage

Emerging Artists Stage

July 25, 1999 (Sunday)

East Stage

West Stage

Emerging Artists Stage

Recordings

Music from Woodstock 1999 was released on a two-disc compact disc set, Woodstock 1999. The album features 32 performing artists and was released on Epic Records in October 1999.

A DVD of concert highlights entitled Woodstock 99 was released in March 2000. It features one song each from 29 of the participating acts, along with interviews from the musicians and concert-goers.

Most of the Bush performance is available on the DVD The Best of '94–'99.

Documentaries

The Ringer has produced an eight-part documentary podcast series on the Luminary hosting site. Entitled Break Stuff: The Story of Woodstock '99, the show is a look back at the concert, the venue, the artists, the violence and the truths and misconceptions on what caused Woodstock '99 to be such a disaster.[75]

The documentary Woodstock 99: Peace, Love, and Rage premiered on July 23, 2021, on HBO and HBO Max.[76]

On August 3, 2022, Netflix premiered a three-part documentary titled Trainwreck: Woodstock '99, with new interviews with concert goers, artists who performed at the festival, as well as contributions from late Woodstock promoter Michael Lang.[77]

See also

References

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