List of vice presidents of the Philippines
The vice president of the Philippines is the second-highest executive official in the government of the Philippines. The vice president is directly elected by qualified voters to a six-year term, and may be a cabinet member without confirmation from the Commission on Appointments and is first in the presidential line of succession.[1] There have been 15 vice presidents.[2]
History
The office of vice president was initially created following the ratification of the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines, which states that the vice-president shall be elected by direct vote of the people.[3] Vice presidents during the Commonwealth of the Philippines were under American sovereignty,[4] and there was no office of vice president during the Second Republic,[5] which was considered to be a puppet state of Imperial Japan during World War II.[6] During the martial law declared by President Ferdinand Marcos from 1972 to 1981, the office of the vice-president was abolished and the sitting vice-president, Fernando Lopez, was removed from the office.[5] Though the 1973 Constitution initially did not provide for a vice president, subsequent amendments restored the office.[5] A vice president was appointed after the 1986 election when Marcos and Arturo Tolentino were proclaimed as winners by the Batasang Pambansa. However, in 1986, the People Power Revolution overthrew Macros' dictatorship and repealed the 1973 Constitution.[5][7] The subsequently formed 1987 Constitution of the Philippines was established, which states that: "There shall be a vice-president who shall have the same qualifications and term of office and be elected with, and in the same manner, as the president."[8]
Before the ratification of the 1987 constitution, in case of an intra-term vacancy, there was no process to appoint a new vice president until after the next election.[5] However, after the ratification of the 1987 constitution, the president could nominate a vice president in case of an intra-term vacancy from a member of the congress, whom both houses vote separately for confirmation by a majority vote.[8] In 2001, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo became president after the Supreme Court of the Philippines ruled that President Joseph Estrada resigned.[9] A few days later, she appointed Teofisto Guingona as the vice president.[10]
Three vice presidents have succeeded to the presidency due to the death of presidents: Sergio Osmeña in 1944,[11] Elpidio Quirino in 1948,[12] and Carlos P. Garcia in 1957.[13] Fernando Lopez was the longest-serving vice-president, who served for a combined total of almost 11 years. Elpidio Quirino served the shortest time as vice-president for approximately 1 year 11 months. Sara Duterte is the current vice president.[2]
Vice presidents
| # | Portrait | Name (Lifespan) |
Party | Term | Election | President | Era | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 
|
Sergio Osmeña (1878–1961) [14] |
Nacionalista Party Nationalist Party |
November 15, 1935 – August 1, 1944 (9 years, 106 days) |
1935 | Manuel L. Quezon | Commonwealth | |
| 1941 | ||||||||
| Office vacant (August 1, 1944 – May 28, 1946) | Sergio Osmeña | |||||||
| 2 | 
|
Elpidio Quirino (1890–1956) [15] |
Liberal Party | May 28, 1946 – April 17, 1948 (1 year, 323 days) |
1946 | Manuel Roxas | Third Republic | |
| Office vacant (April 17, 1948 – December 30, 1949) | Elpidio Quirino | |||||||
| 3 | 
|
Fernando Lopez (1904–1993) [16] |
Liberal Party | December 30, 1949 – December 30, 1953 (4 years, 0 days) |
1949 | |||
| Democratic Party | ||||||||
| 4 | 
|
Carlos P. Garcia (1896–1971) [17] |
Nacionalista Party Nationalist Party |
December 30, 1953 – March 17, 1957 (4 years, 0 days) | 1953 | Ramon Magsaysay | ||
| Office vacant (March 17, 1957 – December 30, 1957) | Carlos P. Garcia | |||||||
| 5 | 
|
Diosdado Macapagal (1910–1997) [18] |
Liberal Party | December 30, 1957 – December 30, 1961 (4 years, 0 days) | 1957 | |||
| 6 | .jpg)
|
Emmanuel Pelaez (1915–2003) [19] |
Liberal Party | December 30, 1961 – December 30, 1965 (4 years, 0 days) |
1961 | Diosdado Macapagal | ||
| Nacionalista Party Nationalist Party | ||||||||
| 7 |
|
Fernando Lopez (1904–1993) [20] |
Nacionalista Party Nationalist Party |
December 30, 1965 – September 23, 1972 (7 years, 98 days) |
1965 | Ferdinand Marcos | ||
| 1969 | ||||||||
| Position abolished (September 23, 1972 – January 23, 1984) | Marcos dictatorship | |||||||
| New Society | ||||||||
| Office vacant (January 23, 1984 – February 25, 1986)[a] | Fourth Republic | |||||||
| 8 | 
|
Salvador Laurel (1928–2004) [21] |
United Nationalist Democratic Organization | February 25, 1986 – June 30, 1992 (6 years, 126 days) |
1986 | Corazon Aquino | Provisional Government | |
| Nacionalista Party Nationalist Party |
Fifth Republic | |||||||
| 9 | _(cropped2).jpg)
|
Joseph Estrada (born 1937) [22] |
Nationalist People's Coalition | June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998 (6 years, 0 days) |
1992 | Fidel V. Ramos | ||
| Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino Struggle of the Patriotic Filipino Masses | ||||||||
| 10 | 
|
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (born 1947) [23] |
Lakas–NUCD
People Power–National Union of Christian Democrats |
June 30, 1998 – January 20, 2001 (2 years, 204 days) |
1998 | Joseph Estrada | ||
| Office vacant (January 20, 2001 – February 7, 2001) | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo | |||||||
| 11 | 
|
Teofisto Guingona Jr. (born 1928) [24] |
Lakas–NUCD
People Power–National Union of Christian Democrats |
February 7, 2001 – June 30, 2004 (3 years, 144 days) | ||||
| Independent | ||||||||
| 12 | 
|
Noli de Castro (born 1949) [25] |
Independent | June 30, 2004 – June 30, 2010 (6 years, 0 days) |
2004 | |||
| 13 | 
|
Jejomar Binay (born 1942) [26] |
PDP–Laban Philippine Democratic Party–People's Power |
June 30, 2010 – June 30, 2016 (6 years, 0 days) |
2010 | Benigno Aquino III | ||
| United Nationalist Alliance | ||||||||
| 14 | .jpg)
|
Leni Robredo (born 1965) [27] |
Liberal Party | June 30, 2016 – June 30, 2022 (6 years, 0 days) |
2016 | Rodrigo Duterte | ||
| 15 | 
|
Sara Duterte (born 1978) [28] |
Lakas–CMD
People Power–Christian Muslim Democrats |
June 30, 2022 – incumbent (2 years, 128 days) |
2022 | Bongbong Marcos | ||
Timeline
Unofficial vice presidents
Historians and other figures have identified the following people as having held the vice-presidency of a government intended to represent the Philippines, but their terms of office are not counted by the Philippine government as part of the presidential succession.
The inclusion of Mariano Trías in the list is disputed, because Trias was chosen as vice-president at the Tejeros Convention, and again as vice-president for the short-lived Republic of Biak-na-Bato, which was dissolved after the signing of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato and Aguinaldo's exile. Neither the reassumption of power by Emilio Aguinaldo when the revolution was resumed in May 1898 nor his formal proclamation and inauguration as President under the First Philippine Republic in 1899 were regimes that provided for a vice-presidency.[29]
| Portrait | Name (Lifespan) |
Party | Term | President | Era | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mariano Trías (1868 – 1914) [30] |
None[b] | March 22, 1897 – December 14, 1897 (267 days) |
Emilio Aguinaldo | Tejeros Convention | |
| Republic of Biak-na-Bato | ||||||
|
Francisco Carreón (1868 – 1939/1941) [31] |
None[b] | May 6, 1902 – July 14, 1906[c] (3 years, 296 days) |
Macario Sakay | Tagalog Republic | |
|
Benigno Aquino Sr. (1894 – 1947) [32] |
Kapisanan ng Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas Association for Service to the New Philippines |
October 14, 1943 – August 17, 1945 (2 years, 58 days) |
José P. Laurel | Second Republic | |
|
Arturo Tolentino (1910 – 2004) [33] |
Kilusang Bagong Lipunan New Society Movement |
February 16, 1986 – February 25, 1986[d] (9 days) |
Ferdinand Marcos | Fourth Republic | |
See also
- President of the Philippines
- List of presidents of the Philippines
- Prime Minister of the Philippines (defunct)
Notes
- ^ A plebiscite approved the recreation of the office of the vice president, but an election was not called until 1986.
- ^ a b Allied with the Magdalo faction of the revolutionary society Katipunan.
- ^ Term ended with his capture by the American Forces.
- ^ Term ended when Marcos was overthrown in the 1986 People Power Revolution
References
- ^ Rappler (b) (2021).
- ^ a b ABS-CBN news (2016).
- ^ Constitution of the Philippines (1935) § Article VII: Executive Department
- ^ Ooi (2004), p. 387.
- ^ a b c d e Vice president of the Philippines.
- ^ Vellut (1964), p. 128.
- ^ BBC News (2016).
- ^ a b Constitution of the Philippines (1987) § Article VII: Executive Department
- ^ The Wall Street Journal (2001).
- ^ Tehran Times (2001).
- ^ Zaide (1999), pp. 348–349.
- ^ Zaide (1999), p. 357.
- ^ Zaide (1999), p. 361.
- ^ Vice president of the Philippines; De Guzman & Reforma (1988), p. 42, 118; St. Louis Star-Times (1935); The Caledonian-Record (1935); Zaide (1999), p. 319.
- ^ Vice president of the Philippines; De Guzman & Reforma (1988), p. 119–120; Spokane Chronicle (1946); The Courier-Journal (1948); Zaide (1999), p. 353.
- ^ Vice president of the Philippines; The Californian (1949); Senate of the Philippines (a).
- ^ Vice president of the Philippines; De Guzman & Reforma (1988), p. 120; The Spokesman-Review (1953); Fort Worth Star-Telegram (1957); Zaide (1999), p. 361.
- ^ Vice president of the Philippines; De Guzman & Reforma (1988), pp. 121–122; The Honolulu Advertiser (1957); Calgary Herald (1961); Zaide (1999), p. 361.
- ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Guam Daily News (1961); Senate of the Philippines (b); Zaide (1999), p. 362.
- ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Chicago Tribune (1965); Senate of the Philippines (a); Zaide (1999), p. 363.
- ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Hartford Courant (1986); The Windsor Star (1992); Zaide (1999), p. 400.
- ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Encyclopædia Britannica & 2021(a); Senate of the Philippines (c); Economic and Political Weekly; Zaide (1999), p. 407.
- ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Encyclopædia Britannica & 2021(b); Senate of the Philippines (d); Rodell (2002), p. 219; Zaide (1999), p. 411.
- ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Senate of the Philippines (e); Gulf News (2001).
- ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Rappler (2021); The New York Times (2004).
- ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Rappler (2016); The New York Times (2013).
- ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Rappler (2016); Reuters (2021).
- ^ Reuters (2022).
- ^ "Office of the Vice President". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ Zaide (1999), p. 247.
- ^ National Historical Institute of the Philippines.
- ^ Los Angeles Times (1943); The Decatur Daily (1945).
- ^ Zaide (1999), p. 398.
Works cited
Books and journals
- De Guzman, Raul P.; Reforma, Mila A., eds. (1988). Government and politics of the Philippines. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-588871-3. LCCN 88001474. OL 2526300M.
- "Joseph Estrada". Economic and Political Weekly. ISSN 0012-9976. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
- Ooi, Keat Gin (2004). Southeast Asia : A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor. ABC-CLIO. OCLC 1000411290.
- Rodell, Paul A. (2002). "The Philippines: Gloria 'in Excelsis". Southeast Asian Affairs. JSTOR 27913210.
- Vellut, J. L. (1964). "Foreign Relations of the Second Republic of the Philippines, 1943–1945". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 5 (1). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/S0217781100002246. JSTOR 20067478.
- Zaide, Sonia M. (1999). The Philippines : A Unique Nation. All-Nations Publishing. ISBN 978-971-642-064-7. LCCN 2004420900. OL 3362336M.
Articles
- Cruz, Enrico Dela (June 19, 2022). "Duterte's daughter sworn in as Philippines vice president". Reuters. Retrieved August 10, 2022.
- "Leni Robredo takes oath as 14th VP". ABS-CBNnews.com. June 30, 2016. Retrieved December 19, 2021.
- "How Filipino People Power toppled dictator Marcos". BBC News. February 17, 2016. Retrieved December 19, 2021.
- "A Rare Filipino Is At The Helm". Calgary Herald. December 14, 1961. Retrieved November 18, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- "Philippines' Marcos Sworn In". Chicago Tribune. December 30, 1965. Retrieved November 18, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- "Body of Filipino President Found in Plane Wreckage". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. March 18, 1957. Retrieved November 16, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- "P.I. Congress Meeting Today To Canvass Election Returns". Guam Daily News. December 12, 1961. Archived from the original on November 18, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- Felongco, Gilbert (February 10, 2001). "Guingona sworn in as vice president". Gulf News. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
- Briscoe, David (February 26, 1986). "Aquino's New Challenged: Communism, Popular Expectation". Hartford Courant. Archived from the original on November 18, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- "U.S. Disavows Jap Puppet Rule In Philippines". Los Angeles Times. October 23, 1943. Retrieved December 14, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- Cupin, Bea (June 27, 2016). "VP to VP: Binay, Robredo meet ahead of inauguration". Rappler. Archived from the original on October 11, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
- "Powers and Duties: President, Vice President of the Philippines". Rappler. April 27, 2021. Archived from the original on October 15, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.
- Cupin, Bea (November 4, 2021). "After backing out of Senate run, Noli de Castro returns to ABS-CBN". Rappler. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
- Morales, Neil Jerome; Lema, Karen (October 7, 2021). "Philippine Vice President Robredo joins race for president". Reuters. Archived from the original on October 7, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
- "Tears and Joy as Philippines Become Free". Spokane Chronicle. July 4, 1946. Retrieved November 12, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- "Philippine's New Regime Launched". St. Louis Star-Times. November 14, 1935. Retrieved November 12, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- "Arroyo Chooses Guingona as Philippine VP". Tehran Times. February 7, 2001. Retrieved December 19, 2021.
- Wilkins, Ford (November 14, 1935). "Quezon, Philippine Political Genius, President In All But Title Since 1916". The Caledonian-Record. Retrieved November 10, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- "Filipino President Pledges Nation to Fight Communism". The Californian. December 3, 1949. Retrieved November 14, 2021 – via Newspaper.com.
- "President Roxas of Philippines Dies After Speech Assailing Red Aggression". The Courier-Journal. April 16, 1948. Archived from the original on November 12, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- "MacArthur In Frank Works Warns Nation". The Decatur Daily. September 16, 1945. Retrieved December 14, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- "Ball at Royal Hawaiian Hotel To Mark Filipino Inauguration". The Honolulu Advertiser. December 27, 1957. Archived from the original on November 18, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- Conde, Carlos H. (June 24, 2004). "Philippine Congress proclaims Arroyo winner". The New York Times. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
- "Philippines: Rebels Agree to Cease-Fire". The New York Times. September 13, 2013. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
- "Manila To Hail Third President". The Spokesman-Review. December 30, 1953. Retrieved November 16, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- "Estrada Resigns as Philippine President; Vice President Is Immediately Sworn In". The Wall Street Journal. January 20, 2001. Retrieved December 19, 2021.
- Wurfel, David (July 4, 1992). "Ramon Under The Gun As New President". The Windsor Star. Retrieved November 18, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
Online sources
- "Joseph Estrada". Encyclopædia Britannica. April 15, 2021. Archived from the original on November 18, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
- "Gloria Macapagal Arroyo". Encyclopædia Britannica. April 1, 2021. Archived from the original on November 18, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
- "Francisco M. Carreón" (PDF). National Historical Institute of the Philippines. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 22, 2009. Retrieved November 22, 2009.
- "The 1935 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines". Archived from the original on May 27, 2020. Retrieved December 19, 2021 – via Official Gazette (
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.){{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - "The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines". Archived from the original on January 5, 2019. Retrieved December 19, 2021 – via Official Gazette ( This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.)
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - "Emmanuel Pelaez". Senate of the Philippines. Archived from the original on November 18, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
- "Fernando Lopez". Senate of the Philippines. Archived from the original on September 21, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- "Gloria Macapagal Arroyo". Senate of the Philippines. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - "Joseph E. Estrada". Senate of the Philippines. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - "Teofisto T. Guingona Jr". Senate of the Philippines. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - "History – The History of the Philippine Vice Presidency – Chronology of Vice Presidents". Vice president of the Philippines. Retrieved November 12, 2021 ( This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.)
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)
