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Glenstone

Coordinates: 39°03′42″N 77°15′09″W / 39.061703°N 77.252595°W / 39.061703; -77.252595
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Glenstone
Map
Established2006 (2006)
LocationPotomac, Maryland, United States
Coordinates39°03′42″N 77°15′09″W / 39.061703°N 77.252595°W / 39.061703; -77.252595
TypeArt museum
CollectionsContemporary art
Collection size1,300
Visitors100,000 (2022)
Founder
DirectorEmily Wei Rales
PresidentMitchell Rales
ArchitectCharles Gwathmey (2006 building) and Thomas Phifer (2018 expansion)
Public transit accessBus transport Ride On bus: 301
Websiteglenstone.org

Glenstone is a private contemporary art museum in Potomac, Maryland, founded in 2006 by American billionaire Mitchell Rales and his wife, Emily Wei Rales. The museum's exhibitions are drawn from a collection of about 1,300 works from post-World War II artists around the world. It is the largest private contemporary art museum in the United States, holding more than $4.6 billion in net assets, and is noted for its setting in a broad natural landscape.

Glenstone's original building was designed by Charles Gwathmey, with it being expanded several times on its 230-acre (93 ha) campus. Its most significant expansion was finished in the late 2010s, with outdoor sculpture installations, landscaping, a new complex designed by Thomas Phifer, and an environmental center being added. Glenstone has been compared to other private museums, such as the Frick Collection and The Phillips Collection. The museum is free to the public, with it seeing over 100,000 visitors in 2022.

History

[edit]

In 1986, billionaire American businessman Mitchell Rales purchased the property in Potomac, Maryland, to build a home. Starting in 1990, Rales began collecting art for that home.[1] Following a near-death accident on a helicopter trip in Russia, Rales decided to take on a philanthropic project, which became the establishment of a private contemporary art museum.[2] Built on land that was formerly a fox hunting club, Glenstone is named for the nearby Glen Road, and because of stone quarries located in the vicinity. Located 15 miles (24 km) from downtown Washington, D.C., the museum's initial 30,000-square-foot (2,800 m2) Modernist limestone gallery opened in 2006 and admitted visitors two days a week. In its first seven years, the museum admitted only 10,000 visitors.[3]

In 2015, Glenstone was one of several private museums questioned by the US Senate Finance Committee over its nonprofit tax status. After reporting from The New York Times had questioned the validity of nonprofit tax status for institutions like Glenstone, which, at the time, welcomed very few visitors, the committee sought to investigate whether high-value individuals and families were using private museums as a form of tax shelter. Committee Chairman Senator Orrin Hatch said in a letter to Glenstone and other institutions (including the Rubell Museum in Miami and The Broad in Los Angeles) that, "Some private foundations are operating museums that offer minimal benefit to the public while enabling donors to reap substantial tax advantages."[4][5]

Founders Emily Wei Rales and Mitchell Rales in 2018

Though several smaller expansions took place in the years after the museum's opening, the largest expansion was announced in 2013 and was completed in 2018, opening to the public on October 4, 2018. With a cost of approximately $219 million, the expansion increased the size of the museum's gallery space by a factor of five, increasing the property's size by 130 acres (53 ha), and included substantial landscaping changes.[6][7] With the expansion, Glenstone became the largest private contemporary art museum in the United States.[8] In 2019, the expansion was named as a "Museum Opening of the Year" by Apollo.[9]

With the expansion, Glenstone opened to the public, with free tickets available online. In the year following the expansion, Glenstone admitted nearly 100,000 visitors.[10]

After 2018, Glenstone continued to acquire adjacent properties, including lots containing residential homes.[11][12] Speaking on Public Radio Tulsa's Museum Confidential program in 2019, curator Emily Wei Rales said that plans do not include substantial expansion, and will likely be limited to "one or two smaller buildings to house artworks, maybe in the woods, maybe on an adjoining property". She also mentioned potential plans to build a conservation lab on the campus.[13]

To encourage the usage of public transportation, Glenstone successfully lobbied Montgomery County to add a bus stop near its campus. The museum admits visitors without tickets who arrive on public buses.[7]

In August 2018, Glenstone Foundation Inc., the foundation that manages the museum, was sued by HITT Contracting, the company that managed the construction of the 2018 expansion, for $24 million to cover cost overruns.[14] In October 2018, Glenstone countersued HITT Contracting for $35.9 million, claiming that the project was over budget and that construction issues had delayed the expansion's opening.[15][16][17] Both parties reached a settlement on undisclosed terms in June 2023.[18]

Rales donated $1.9 billion to the Glenstone Foundation in 2021, made public in 2023, increasing the museum's asset value to $4.6 billion, nearly the same as the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.[19]

In July 2021, Glenstone announced a purpose-built expansion to house Richard Serra's large-scale sculpture Four Rounds: Equal Weight, Unequal Measure (2017) that the museum had acquired from the artist. The building, designed by Thomas Phifer, the architect of the Pavilions, was created in consultation with Serra to fit the acquired piece. The expansion opened in 2022.[20][21] The museum saw over 100,000 visitors in 2022.[19]

The museum closed the Pavilions in March 2024 for up to a year in order to replace the architectural glass used in the buildings.[22]

In June 2024, hourly wage museum staff - around half of the museum's workforce - voted to unionize, joining the International Brotherhood of Teamsters Local 639.[23] The Washington Post reported that museum leadership, including Emily Wei Rales, deployed several union busting tactics in the lead-up to the union vote including hiring anti-union consultants.[24]

Collection and exhibitions

[edit]

The museum's collection of about 1,300 post-World War II works from around the world consists of paintings, single-artist installations, video installations, sound installations, and both indoor and outdoor sculptures, totaling $1.4 billion in assets.[7] The collection contains only works by artists who have already exhibited for at least 15 years.[25] As a private art museum, Glenstone has been compared to the Frick Collection and The Phillips Collection.[26]

Many of the museum's large galleries feature only one or two pieces, do not contain explanatory text, and are sparsely furnished.[27][28] While some exhibitions are permanent, the collection rotates through the galleries over time.[29] Pieces from the collection are also loaned to public institutions.[1]

Glenstone limits entry to about 600 visitors per day. Rales wrote that she used a formula to calculate the optimal number of visitors for the museum's size, which is used to give visitors time and space to explore and enjoy the museum.[30][31]

The museum's staff is made up of recent university graduates, including some in postgraduate programs, through its Emerging Professionals Program, a two-year program for aspiring curators. Staff members are stationed in the galleries to answer questions from visitors about the art.[32] Phone and camera use is prohibited in the galleries.[32] In 2018, the introduction of the Pavilions expansion debuted single-artist installations and exhibitions from artists Cy Twombly, Robert Gober, Pipilotti Rist, Charles Ray, On Kawara, Martin Puryear, Michael Heizer, Lygia Pape, Brice Marden. Other artists who have been on display at Glenstone have included Roni Horn, Alexander Calder, Ruth Asawa, David Hammons, Alighiero Boetti, Kerry James Marshall, Shirin Neshat, Rirkrit Tiravanija, and Mark Rothko.[33][34][35][36][37]

Architecture

[edit]

Glenstone is noted for its peaceful natural setting, consisting of a cluster of galleries and other buildings set in a large 230-acre (93 ha) wooded campus. The museum buildings are located toward the center of the campus, and visitors approach the galleries from gravel parking lots via a pathway through the property that is about one-third mile (0.5 km) long. In designing the campus, Glenstone's founders tried to establish a tranquil experience, leading them and art critics to refer to the museum as part of the "slow art" movement.[38]

Buildings

[edit]

The original Glenstone building opened in 2006 and was designed by American architect Charles Gwathmey of Gwathmey Siegel & Associates Architects. The building is a 30,000-square-foot (2,800 m2) modernist limestone structure with 9,000 feet (2,700 m) of gallery space, located on 100 acres (40 ha) of land.[39] The 2018 expansion added 50,000 square feet (4,600 m2) of gallery space in a 204,000-square-foot (19,000 m2) museum structure called the Pavilions, designed by American architect Thomas Phifer. Mitchell and Emily Wei Rales have mentioned several buildings as particular influences on the design: the Ryoan-ji Zen temple in Kyoto, Japan; the Menil Collection in Houston, Texas; the Beyeler Foundation in Basel, Switzerland; and the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art in Denmark.[38][8] The Pavilions is built of 6-foot-long (1.8 m) precast concrete blocks that were poured during different seasons to produce variable coloring.[40] Though it is one building, the Pavilions is meant to appear as multiple separate buildings from a distance. The structure contains eleven galleries connected by glass-enclosed walkways, with windows made of 30-foot (9.1 m) panels of glass. The galleries make heavy use of natural light through clerestories, oculi, and skylights.[34][6] Regarding the architectural approach to the Pavilions, Emily Rales said, "we knew we wanted these discrete spaces where you could essentially enter into another world that happens to be an art installation".[13]

Glenstone's 2018 expansion was a "critic's choice" in The Wall Street Journal's review of the best architecture of 2018, with Julie V. Iovine writing that Glenstone's architecture takes an approach "that offers a sequence of events revealed gradually with constantly shifting perspectives, as opposed to classic modernism's tightly controlled image of architecture as geometric tableau".[41] In 2020, the expansion was a winner of the American Institute of Architect's Architecture Awards.[42]

In 2019, Glenstone opened a 7,200-square-foot (670 m2) environmental center on its campus. The building contains self-guided exhibits about recycling, composting, and reforestation.[43]

  • Café
    Café
  • Pavilions
    Pavilions
  • Pavilions complex
    Pavilions complex
  • Pavilions interior courtyard panorama
    Pavilions interior courtyard panorama

Landscape

[edit]
Expansion built in 2022 to house a work by Richard Serra

The Pavilions is built around the Water Court, an 18,000-square-foot (1,700 m2) water garden containing thousands of aquatic plants such as waterlilies, irises, thalias, cattails, and rushes. The Water Court's design was inspired by the reflecting pool at the Brion Cemetery in northern Italy.[34] Referring to the way the museum returns visitors to the Water Court, Samuel Medina wrote for Metropolis, "Art isn't the heart of the Glenstone Museum, which opened in October -- water is".[44] Pulitzer Prize-winning critic Sebastian Smee wrote of the Water Court:

It's as if you've entered a beautiful sanctuary, possibly in another hemisphere, maybe another era. Although you've descended, you actually feel a kind of lift, a buoyancy, such as what birds must feel when they catch warm air currents. You exhale. You feel liberated from everyday cares. You're ready for the art.[26]

A boardwalk passes through a forested area.
Boardwalk in a wooded area of the campus.

The expansion also added 130 acres (53 ha) of land to the campus, a landscape largely composed of woodland and wildflower meadows. The landscaping was designed by landscape architect Peter Walker's firm PWP Landscape Architecture. The effort included the planting of about 8,000 trees, the transplanting of 200 trees, the converting lawn areas to meadows, and the restoration of streams that flowed through the campus.[45][46] Glenstone's landscaping is managed using organic products only.[47] This outdoor space hosts large art installations by artists including Jeff Koons, Félix Gonzalez-Torres, Michael Heizer, and Richard Serra.[25]

Reception

[edit]

In a review for The Washington Post in 2018, Philip Kennicott wrote that Glenstone is a "must-see" museum and that its creators successfully "integrate art, architecture, and landscape". Referring to the natural setting of the museum, he wrote that "everything is quietly spectacular, with curated views to the outdoors that present nature as visual haiku". Kennicott tempered his review by mentioning that the museum's distinctive architecture and layout continually confront visitors with "strange visions" that will make it "interesting to see how it is received".[27]

Kriston Capps of Washington City Paper called Glenstone's 2018 expansion successful and enchanting, with a sublime viewing experience. He wrote that the museum's collection excels in its focus on conventional paintings, sculptures, and installations but excludes more modern media, such as video or performance art. Concerning this conservative focus, Capps wrote, "Glenstone is not promoting equity, addressing inequality, or solving accessibility — not yet anyhow."[7]

In Washingtonian, Dan Reed praised Glenstone's suburban setting, saying it "has little in common with the crowded downtown art meccas" and describing it as soothing, contemplative, and stunningly landscaped.[28]

Writing for the National Review, Brian T. Allen described Glenstone as "a gift to the public of rare size and consequence". He wrote that it "is a huge success on many levels, but among its triumphs is fashioning a mood and space to look intently and even to fall in love with art that most will be disposed to find difficult, forbidding, or inscrutable." Regarding the landscape, Allen wrote, "Getting people out of their cars for the long walk to the exhibition spaces creates a time of orientation and decompression. Few museums can even try this because they don't have the land."[29]

Sebastian Smee wrote in The Washington Post about Glenstone's potential to appeal to some types of visitors but not others. Smee called it "the most exciting new private museum in America, " saying that for some visitors, "the Glenstone experience can feel, at least initially, a little weird. A little too...controlling." He said the museum "wants you to have your own experience" and "proposes that art should not be glibly explained away by wall labels but experienced and reflected upon."[26] Also in The Washington Post, Kelsey Ables wrote, "With a vibe somewhere between a luxury spa and a futuristic hospital, Glenstone is soothing to some, dystopian to others."[48]

Artnet complimented the diversity of Glenstone's exhibited artists, writing that "they have seamlessly integrated into the typically male, overwhelmingly white Modern art canon superb work by women, Asian (particularly Japanese) artists, and Latin American (particularly Brazilian) artists," but also wrote that it "offers comparatively little work by black, Latinx, and Native American artists."[8] The Washington Post's dance critic, Sarah L. Kaufman, wrote that Glenstone exhibits many visual works that are relevant and influential to dance, including works by Pipilotti Rist, Jasper Johns, and Sol LeWitt.[49]

References

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  1. ^ a b Art Wealth Management : Managing Private Art Collections. Zorloni, Alessia. [Cham], Switzerland. 2016-08-19. ISBN 978-3319242415. OCLC 957318205.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  2. ^ Lipsky-Karasz, Elisa (2017-11-29). "The Most Influential Art Collectors You've Never Heard Of". Wall Street Journal Magazine. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 2019-03-13. Retrieved 2019-03-11.
  3. ^ Vogel, Carol (2013-04-18). "Mitchell and Emily Rales Are Expanding Glenstone Museum". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2018-09-23. Retrieved 2018-10-01.
  4. ^ Cohen, Patricia (30 November 2015). "Tax Status of Museums Questioned by Senators". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 21 February 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  5. ^ Cohen, Patricia (10 January 2015). "Writing Off the Warhol Next Door". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 21 February 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  6. ^ a b Mendelsohn, Meredith (2018-09-27). "Tour the New $200 Million Expansion of One of America's Most Important—and Unknown—Museums". Architectural Digest. Archived from the original on 2018-09-27. Retrieved 2018-10-01.
  7. ^ a b c d Capps, Kriston (2018-09-27). "The New Glenstone is a Contemporary Art Retreat in the Wilds of Montgomery County". Washington City Paper. Archived from the original on 2018-10-18. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
  8. ^ a b c Halperin, Julia (2018-09-25). "After a $200 Million Upgrade, Glenstone May Fulfill the Fantasy of the Perfect Private Museum. It's Also Unsettling". artnet News. Archived from the original on 2020-06-23. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  9. ^ "Museum Opening of the Year". Apollo Magazine. 2019-11-15. Archived from the original on 2019-11-15. Retrieved 2019-11-18.
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  11. ^ Maake, Katishi (2018-11-15). "Glenstone Foundation buys more land in Potomac near museum". Washington Business Journal. Archived from the original on 2023-07-24. Retrieved 2018-11-22.
  12. ^ Maake, Katishi (2019-01-07). "Glenstone Foundation gobbles up more property near its museum". Washington Business Journal. Archived from the original on 2023-03-06. Retrieved 2019-01-09.
  13. ^ a b Gregory, Scott; Martin, Jeff (2019-02-15). "Glenstone: A Labor of Love". Museum Confidential (radio program). Public Radio Tulsa. Archived from the original on 2019-02-19. Retrieved 2019-02-19.
  14. ^ Moynihan, Colin (2018-09-06). "Contractor Sues Glenstone Museum Foundation for $24 Million". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2019-01-06. Retrieved 2019-01-05.
  15. ^ Sernovitz, Daniel S. (2018-09-06). "Contractor sues Glenstone museum for $24 million 'disorganized' expansion planning". Washington Business Journal. Archived from the original on 2022-12-02. Retrieved 2019-01-05.
  16. ^ Sernovitz, Daniel S. (2018-10-26). "Hitt Contracting accused of bungling Glenstone Museum expansion". Washington Business Journal. Retrieved 2019-01-05.
  17. ^ Sernovitz, Daniel S. (2018-12-27). "New claim accuses Hitt Contracting of retaliation in Glenstone suit". Washington Business Journal. Retrieved 2019-01-05.
  18. ^ "Five-Year-Old Glenstone 'Pavilions' to Close for Renovations". Architectural Record. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
  19. ^ a b Maloney, Tom (28 February 2023). "This Upstart Museum Now Has a Met-Sized Endowment". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  20. ^ Kennicott, Philip. "Glenstone Museum to expand with major Richard Serra acquisition and new pavilion to house it". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 20 April 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  21. ^ Kriston Capps (30 June 2022), Monumental Richard Serra sculpture, and a custom-designed pavilion to house it, unveiled at Glenstone Archived 2022-07-01 at the Wayback Machine The Art Newspaper.
  22. ^ Capps, Kriston. "Glenstone's fresh tour of modern art is worth a trip — if a little safe". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 8 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
  23. ^ Capps, Kriston (7 June 2024). "Glenstone museum workers form union after contentious campaign". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 8 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
  24. ^ Capps, Kriston (6 June 2024). "Glenstone museum workers vote on unionizing as founders push back". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
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  27. ^ a b Kennicott, Philip (2018-09-21). "The country's newest must-see museum is meticulous and quietly spectacular". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2018-10-18. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
  28. ^ a b Reed, Dan (2018-10-03). "Why Potomac's Expanded Glenstone Is Worth the Trip". Washingtonian. Archived from the original on 2019-01-04. Retrieved 2019-01-05.
  29. ^ a b Allen, Brian T. (2019-01-19). "Glorious Glenstone: An Immersive Experience of Art in 230 Acres of Natural Beauty". National Review. Archived from the original on 2019-01-19. Retrieved 2019-01-21.
  30. ^ Kugel, Sara (2019-01-20). "Glenstone, a Maryland museum that blends modern art, nature and contemplation". CBS News. Archived from the original on 2019-01-21. Retrieved 2019-01-21.
  31. ^ Rales, Emily (2020-05-26). "At Glenstone, We Were Limiting Our Visitors Before the Virus. Here's Why More Space Improves Our Relationship to Art". artnet News. Archived from the original on 2020-06-04. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  32. ^ a b Edgers, Geoff (2018-09-24). "Meet the very wealthy, very private couple behind Washington's most original museum". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2018-10-24. Retrieved 2018-10-24.
  33. ^ Pogrebin, Robert (2018-09-21). "Glenstone, a Private Art Xanadu, Invests $200 Million in a Public Vision". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2018-10-02. Retrieved 2018-10-01.
  34. ^ a b c Smee, Sebastian; Higgins, Adrian. "Glenstone: See inside (and outside) D.C.'s newest museum experience". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2018-10-02. Retrieved 2018-10-01.
  35. ^ "Glenstone - The Pavilions". www.glenstone.org. Archived from the original on 2018-10-15. Retrieved 2018-10-15.
  36. ^ Lewis, Catherine P. (2019-04-18). "Things to Do in DC This Weekend: The National Cannabis Festival, a Crawfish Boil, and Celebrating the Marvin Gaye Stamp". Washingtonian. Archived from the original on 2019-04-21. Retrieved 2019-04-21.
  37. ^ Deng, Audrey (2019-09-25). "Professor Rirkrit Tiravanija in solo exhibit at Glenstone Museum". Columbia University School of the Arts. Archived from the original on 2019-09-27. Retrieved 2019-09-27.
  38. ^ a b Catherine, Trifiletti (2019-02-28). "Slow Down with Slow Art". Washington Life. Archived from the original on 2019-03-03. Retrieved 2019-03-11.
  39. ^ Hilburg, Jonathan (2018-09-24). "AN tours the Glenstone Museum's new Pavilions". archpaper.com. Archived from the original on 2018-10-17. Retrieved 2018-10-17.
  40. ^ Marani, Matthew (2020-02-06). "Thomas Phifer and Partners's Glenstone Museum rises from the landscape with subtle monumental tectonics". The Architect's Newspaper. Archived from the original on 2020-02-14. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
  41. ^ Iovine, Julie V. (2018-12-14). "The Best Architecture of 2018: Building for Complex Experiences". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 2018-12-16. Retrieved 2018-12-16.
  42. ^ D'Angelo, Madeleine (2020-01-21). "AIA Annnounces [sic] Winners of Its 2020 Architecture Awards". Architect. Archived from the original on 2020-01-28. Retrieved 2020-01-23.
  43. ^ Wright, Charlie (2019-06-10). "Glenstone Museum in Potomac Opens Environmental Center". Bethesda Magazine. Archived from the original on 2019-06-10. Retrieved 2019-06-11.
  44. ^ Medina, Samuel (2018-12-04). "At Thomas Phifer and Partners' Glenstone Museum, Hidden Facade Details Make a Big Impact". Metropolis. Archived from the original on 2018-12-06. Retrieved 2018-12-06.
  45. ^ Higgins, Adrian (2018-10-02). "Glenstone's landscaping is as mindful as its artwork". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2018-10-16. Retrieved 2018-10-17.
  46. ^ "Reforestation" (PDF). glenstone.org. Glenstone. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-05-17. Retrieved 2019-05-17.
  47. ^ Higgins, Adrian (2020-03-18). "How to nurture your small piece of the Earth, without harming the rest of it". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2020-03-24. Retrieved 2020-03-24.
  48. ^ Ables, Kelsey (2020-01-30). "In an endless news cycle, art at Glenstone both echoes and quiets the chaos". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2020-02-14. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
  49. ^ Kaufman, Sarah (2019-08-23). "Glenstone's connections to dance, now and on the horizon". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2019-08-28. Retrieved 2019-08-28.
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