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The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)

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The Phantom of the Opera
Logo
MusicAndrew Lloyd Webber
LyricsCharles Hart
Richard Stilgoe
BookAndrew Lloyd Webber
Charles Hart
Richard Stilgoe
Basis1911 book Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux
Productions1986 London
1988 Broadway, Vienna, Japan Tour #1
1989 Los Angeles, Stockholm, Toronto
1990 Melbourne, Chicago, Hamburg
1991 US Tour #1
1992 US Tour #2
1993 San Francisco, Sydney, Scheveningen, Manchester
1995 Edinburgh, Basel, Singapore, Hong Kong
1996 Australia/New Zealand Tour
1998 UK Tour
1999 Antwerp, Mexico City
2000 Copenhagen
2001 Japan Tour #2 , Seoul
2002 Stuttgart, Madrid
2003 Copenhagen, Budapest
2004 Cape Town, Shanghai
2005 São Paulo, Tokyo, Essen
2006 Las Vegas, Taipei
2007-2008 Australia
2008 Warsaw
2009 Argentina
AwardsOliver Award for Best New Musical
Tony Award for Best Musical

The Phantom of the Opera is a musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber, based on the French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux. The music was composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber, with lyrics by Charles Hart and additional lyrics by Richard Stilgoe. The musical focuses on a beautiful soprano, Christine Daaé, who becomes the obsession of a mysterious, disfigured musical genius known as "The Phantom of the Opera."

The Phantom of the Opera opened in London's West End in 1986. The production was directed by Hal Prince, choreographed by Gillian Lynne, designed by Maria Bjornson, with lighting by Andrew Bridge. In 2008 the West End production surpassed its 9,000th performance. It is the second longest-running West End musical in history and the longest-running Broadway musical. According to its official website, it is the most successful entertainment project in history, grossing more than $5 billion worldwide by 2007. Now, a musical sequel is in the making entitled Phantom: Love Never Dies, which plans to open in November 2009. The first act was staged at Andrew Lloyd Webber's country home, Sydmonton.

In 2004, the musical was made into a film, directed by Joel Schumacher, and produced by Andrew Lloyd Webber.

Original West End and Broadway productions

Inspired by an earlier musical version of the same story by Ken Hill (see Phantom of the Opera (1976 musical)), The Phantom of the Opera opened at Her Majesty's Theatre in London on 9 October 1986, starring Michael Crawford as the titular character, Sarah Brightman as Christine, and Steve Barton as Raoul. Phantom is now the second-longest-running West End musical in history, behind Les Miserables[1] and celebrated its 9,000th performance there on 31 May 2008.[2]

The musical opened on Broadway, at the Majestic Theatre, on 26 January 1988 and is the longest-running Broadway musical of all time,[3] breaking the record held by Lloyd Webber's Cats on January 9, 2006, with its 7,486th Broadway performance.[4] Crawford, Brightman and Barton moved to the New York production, and Judy Kaye played Carlotta.

Despite early negative reviews, including a pan by Frank Rich of the New York Times, the musical won both the Olivier Award and Tony Award as the best musical in its debut years on the West End and Broadway. Both the London and New York productions are still running as of 2009. According to the musical's website, it has been seen in 124 cities in 25 countries and played to over 100 million people. With total worldwide box office takings of over £3.5bn ($5.1bn), Phantom is the highest-grossing entertainment event of all time.[5] The New York production alone has grossed US $715 million, making it the most financially successful Broadway show in history.[4] In a sign of its continuing popularity, Phantom ranked second in a 2006 BBC Radio 2 listener poll of the "Nation's Number One Essential Musicals".[6]

Development

Lyricists

Lloyd Webber approached Jim Steinman to write the lyrics because of his "dark obsessive side", but the writer/producer declined in order to fulfil his commitments on a Bonnie Tyler album.[7] The pair did eventually collaborate on Lloyd Webber's musical adaptation of Whistle Down the Wind.

Alan Jay Lerner was then recruited, but died soon after beginning the project, and none of his contributions remained in the show. Richard Stilgoe, who also wrote the lyrics for Andrew Lloyd Webber's Starlight Express, then wrote lyrics for the production. However, the composer felt that Stilgoe's lyrics were too witty and clever, rather than romantic. Charles Hart was invited to rewrite the lyrics. Some of Stilgoe's original contributions are still present in the final version.[8]

First Preview At Sydmonton

The first act of The Phantom of the Opera was staged at Sydmonton (Andrew Lloyd Webber's home). It starred Colm Wilkinson as the Phantom (who would go on to play the Phantom in the Toronto production from 1989 until 1994), Sarah Brightman as Kristin (the name was eventually changed to Christine) and Clive Carter as Raoul (who would also go on to play Raoul in London in 1994). The lyrics were written by Richard Stilgoe. The preview was very different from the final version of the show. Most of the songs had different names. For example, "Think of Me" was originally, "What Has Time Done To Me", and "Notes"' was originally "Papers". Also, the Phantom's mask was changed to a silver mask which covered the eyes and nose instead of the current, half-mask, and the unmasking sequence was excluded. The preview received mixed reviews. There are short clips of the preview performance which was recorded on Disc 2 of the 2004 film version DVD.

Major characters

  • The Phantom of the Opera (Tenor/Baritone) — Facially deformed since birth, the Phantom is a genius composer, musician and sometimes a magician, who hides behind a white mask and is known to the managers and actors as the "Opera Ghost".
  • Christine Daaé (soprano) — A Swedish chorus girl at the Opéra Populaire, and the daughter of a prominent violinist. Although talented, she lacks focus until the Phantom takes her under his wing and teaches her to sing.
  • Raoul, Vicomte de Chagny (Baritone/Tenor) — The patron of the Opéra Populaire and a childhood sweetheart of Christine's, they meet again after he recognizes her singing at the Opéra.
  • Carlotta Giudicelli (soprano) — The Opéra's prima donna who becomes jealous of Christine after her great success.
  • Madame Giry (mezzo-soprano) — The Opéra's ballet mistress, and the Phantom's "spokeswoman", who delivers the Phantom's notes to the managers.
  • Meg Giry (mezzo-soprano) — Madame Giry's daughter, a member of the ballet chorus, and Christine's best friend.
  • Monsieur Richard Firmin (baritone) — The grouchy manager of the Opéra Populaire.
  • Monsieur Gilles André (baritone) — The flighty manager of the Opéra Populaire.
  • Ubaldo Piangi (tenor) — The Opéra's leading tenor, Carlotta Giudicelli's husband. In the Hungarian non-replica version of the musical the character's first name is Umberto instead of Ubaldo.
  • Joseph Buquet (baritone/bass) — The Opéra's chief stagehand, who knows something about the Phantom's identity.
  • Monsieur Reyer (spoken role) — The Opéra's chief répétiteur, or director.
  • Monsieur Lefèvre (spoken role) — The previous owner of the Opéra Populaire, who sells the theatre to Firmin and André.[9]

Due to the vocal demands of Christine's role, two actresses are required (rather than just the lead role and an understudy), with the secondary actress performing twice a week to allow the first actress to rest her voice.

Synopsis

Prologue

At the Opera Populaire in Paris in 1911, an auction is underway. Set pieces from the old theatre are being sold. Raoul, Vicomte de Chagny, purchases a music box 'in the shape of barrel organ'. Lot 666 is then up, which is a chandelier in pieces. The auctioneer mentions that the chandelier was involved in the "strange affair of the Phantom of the Opera, a mystery never fully explained." The chandelier illuminates and slowly begins to rise to the rafters of the theatre as the opera house is restored to its original grandeur (Overture).

Act I

At the Opera Populaire, 1881, a rehearsal for Hannibal is underway. Monsieur Lefevre, the owner, announces that he has sold the theater to two new managers, Monsieur Firmin and Monsieur André. They observe two of the ballet dancers, Meg Giry and her friend, Christine Daaé, with some curiosity. André asks Carlotta, the resident diva, to sing an aria. She agrees, but in the middle of the song, a backdrop suddenly falls dangerously close to her. The company blames the accident on the Opera Ghost. Carlotta has dealt with such incidents for several years, and says that she has had too much of it. She quits, taking Piangi, the tenor, with her. The managers lament having to cancel the show, but Meg quickly suggests they consider Christine to replace Carlotta. They agree to hear her sing, and Christine starts her song ("Think of Me") tentatively, but as she impresses the entire company with her voice the scene changes to the night of the performance. Christine, now in costume as the leading lady, makes a triumphant debut.

The managers and Raoul (the new patron of the Opera House) look on from the stage box. Raoul is particularly impressed; he remembers Christine from their childhood. After the performance, Madame Giry praises Christine and castigates the ballet girls, forcing them to practice into the night. The Phantom's voice in the distance commends Christine on that night's performance. Meg sneaks away from the rehearsal to find Christine outside her dressing room. She expresses her delight in her friend's change of fortune but wonders how it came about. Christine tells Meg that the Angel of Music has been tutoring her in singing during the night and thinks he has been sent from Heaven by her father. The two discuss this mysterious teacher ("Angel of Music") until Madame Giry arrives to retrieve Meg and deliver a note from Raoul.

Michael Crawford and Sarah Brightman performing the title song

The managers bring Raoul to Christine's dressing room. She is pleased to see him, and reminisces with him ("Little Lotte"). She tells him she has been visited by the Angel of Music, and he, impressed by the beauty of her voice, says he is sure she has, not realizing that the Angel is not just imaginary. He invites her to dinner, but she declines because the Angel of Music would be angry. When Raoul leaves, the Phantom sings to Christine about his displeasure that Raoul is trying to court her ("Angel of Music/The Mirror"). Christine pleads for his forgiveness and begs the Angel to show himself. He complies, revealing himself behind Christine's mirror. The Phantom takes Christine behind the mirror and through a series of underground tunnels to his lair ("The Phantom of the Opera"), where he entreats her to sing for him. The Phantom later serenades her ("Music of the Night") eventually showing her a life-size doll resembling Christine in a wedding gown. The doll then reaches out to grab her, and Christine faints. The Phantom, realizing that showing her the doll was too much, carries her to a bed.

The next morning, Christine sees the Phantom bent over his organ, furiously composing ("I Remember..."). As she sneaks up behind him, her curiosity gets the better of her, and she pulls back his mask. She sees his deformity behind the mask, though the audience does not. Chasing her about the lair, he challenges her to look at his face and in the end they finally both fall to the ground. The Phantom tries to explain that he only wants to be like everyone else, and that he hopes she will learn to love him in spite of his face ("Stranger than You Dreamt It"). She returns his mask and the two have a moment of understanding before he returns her to the surface. As the Phantom and Christine sneak back into the theater, Joseph Buquet regales the ballet girls with terrible tales of the mysterious Opera Ghost ("Magical Lasso"), warning them that the only way to protect themselves is to "keep your hand at the level of your eyes." The Phantom catches sight of them, and the ballet girls run off screaming. Madame Giry warns Buquet to exercise restraint, or the consequences will be severe.

In the managers' office, Firmin, Andre, Raoul and Carlotta are puzzled by several cryptic notes received from the "Opera Ghost" and blame each other for them. Madame Giry arrives with another note in which the Phantom tells the managers to keep Box Five free for him, to give the leading role in the opera Il Muto to Christine, and relegate Carlotta to the silent part of a pageboy. ("Notes..."). Carlotta accuses Raoul of orchestrating the whole event and claims that he has had an affair with Christine. Fearing the loss of their main soprano (and her lover, the principal tenor, Piangi) the managers promise her that she will keep her leading role ("Prima Donna").

At Il Muto that night, Carlotta indeed plays the role of the Countess; Christine is the mute pageboy. Raoul decides to sit in Box Five to watch the show. The show is going well ("Poor Fool, He Makes Me Laugh"), until the Phantom appears on the proscenium arch. He screams that the managers did not keep box five empty. He then furiously tantalizes Carlotta and makes her voice croak like a frog. Humiliated, she flees into Piangi's arms. The show stops, and the managers announce that it will resume with Christine as the Countess. The ballet chorus is sent out to entertain the waiting crowd, but the performance is interrupted when the backdrop lifts to reveal the corpse of Joseph Buquet hanging from the rafters. In the ensuing melee, Christine finds Raoul and takes him to the roof where they will be safe from the Phantom's machinations.

On the roof, Christine tries to tell Raoul that she has seen the Phantom's face and been in his lair, but Raoul does not believe her ("Why Have You Brought Me Here?/Raoul, I've Been There"). Christine hears the Phantom, but Raoul looks around and sees no one. Raoul promises to love and protect her always ("All I Ask of You"). The two make plans to see each other after the show. After Christine and Raoul head back downstairs, The Phantom emerges, having heard the entire conversation. He is heartbroken, but his sorrow turns to rage and he vows vengeance against Raoul ("All I Ask of You (Reprise)"). Returning to the theater, he sends the mighty chandelier crashing down on the stage during the curtain call.

Act II

Everyone is in attendance at the masquerade ball ("Masquerade"). The Phantom has not shown himself for six months. Christine and Raoul are now engaged. To Raoul's dismay, Christine insists on hiding her ring, which is on a chain around her neck. The Phantom enters, dressed as the title character from Edgar Allan Poe's "The Masque of the Red Death". He announces that he has written an opera, and that he expects the managers to produce it ("Why So Silent"). He also confronts Christine and takes her engagement ring from her shouting that she belongs to him.

The Phantom's opera, Don Juan Triumphant, causes chaos and arguments among the managers and actors. Christine has been granted the largest part in the opera, which angers everyone. She tells the managers she does not 'want any part in this plot' because she fears the Phantom will capture her. Raoul realizes that they can use the opera as a trap to capture the Phantom ("Notes.../Twisted Every Way"). Christine is unhappy with the idea as she does not want the Phantom dead. Tormented by the choice she must make, she flees the room.

Rehearsals begin and everyone converses, and Carlotta and Madame Giry argue about the song. Finally, Carlotta sings the song mockingly. The piano starts to play by itself, and everyone sings along mechanically, except for Christine. She visits her father's grave to try to make sense of the situation. She wishes her father were there to help her make the right decision ("Wishing You Were Somehow Here Again"). The Phantom appears and sings to her, again in the guise of the Angel Of Music ("Wandering Child"). Christine easily falls under his spell again.

Raoul enters the scene and brings Christine back to reality. The two men verbally spar ("Bravo Monsieur"), while the Phantom shoots fireballs down at Raoul, but Christine begs Raoul to run away with her. Enraged, the Phantom declares that they are both his enemies now and the Graveyard disappears in flames. Raoul and the police go over instructions to trap the Phantom. Raoul instructs a marksman hiding in the orchestra pit to kill the Phantom, and the police set out to bar all of the exits. The voice of the Phantom is heard, taunting them. He appears in Box Five but vanishes as the marksman fires. Raoul rounds on him, but the Phantom interrupts, insisting they show the play as usual ("Don Juan"). Christine appears on stage to sing ("Point of No Return"). Don Juan appears onstage, with his face covered. During her duet with "Don Juan", Christine realizes she is singing with the Phantom instead of Piangi. The Phantom gives her a ring and expresses his love. Christine whips off his mask to reveal his deformed face to everyone. Before the police can intervene, the Phantom drags Christine offstage. Carlotta cries out in horror as Piangi is discovered dead, and a mob sets out to track down the Phantom. Madame Giry locates Raoul to take him to the bridge above the lake, and tells him where to find the Phantom. She warns him of the Punjab lasso, telling him to keep "your hand at the level of your eyes". Raoul asks that she come with him, but Madame Giry insists that it is too dangerous.

Steve Barton and Sarah Brightman in the final scene

Down in the lair, the Phantom has forced Christine to put on the wedding dress ("Down Once More/Track Down This Murderer"). Christine asks if he is going to kill her, whereupon he assures her that he would not, and that his face is the reason that she will not love him. Christine declares that she is not afraid of his face, but his soul. Raoul arrives, pleading to the Phantom to release Christine. The Phantom admits him to the lair and snares him in the Punjab lasso. The Phantom offers Christine an ultimatum: either he will kill Raoul and let Christine go, or she will stay with him and Raoul can go free.

The Phantom insists that she must choose. Christine sadly tells the Phantom that he deceived her. Raoul apologizes and expresses his love for Christine, telling her that as long as she is safe from the Phantom it doesn't matter what happens to him. Finally, Christine makes her choice and kisses the Phantom. Stunned by the kiss, which is the first real human love he has ever felt, he sets Raoul free and releases Christine. He asks them both to keep his existence a secret.

Raoul leaves, but Christine wants to return the Phantom's ring. The Phantom declares his love for her, and she forces herself to turn away. She and Raoul leave in the Phantom's boat, singing to each other. The Phantom sobs in the wedding veil Christine has left behind. As the mob approaches, he sits down in his throne and pulls his cape around him. Meg slips through the bars in the gate and searches for Christine. She notices the throne and cautiously walks over to it. When she pulls back the cape, she finds that the Phantom has vanished and all that remains is his mask. Meg picks up the mask and holds it aloft as a single light shining on the mask fades into darkness.[9]

Musical numbers

The show has a large Orchestra consisting of 27 musicians; the show uses 18 instruments and multiple percussion instruments. The majority of the orchestra are string instruments, with large woodwind and brass sections; the percussion section is quite small. The show uses both acoustic instruments and synthesizers.

Instrumentation

The Phantom of the Opera requires a larger orchestra than most modern musical theatre works, which includes 27 parts:

The Pre-Recorded Track includes an Organ, Synthesizers, Synth Drums, Electric Guitars, and Electric Bass.

When spacial requirements are a concern, in addition to the live orchestra, the show requires a pre-recorded track during the Overture and pre-recorded vocal tracks during the first two verses of the title song. The conductor wears headphones and listens to a click track to keep the orchestra synchronized with the pre-recorded tracks. Most of the Phantom's off-stage voiceovers are pre-recorded, as well as, on occasion, Christine's high note at the end of the title song due to the stress it can put on the voice when sung many times a week.

Recordings

Cast recordings

Cast albums of the London, German, Japanese, Spanish, Mexican, Polish, Dutch, Swedish and Canadian productions have been made.

The cast album by the London Cast of the 1986 adaptation, when released on CD in 1987, reached #1 on the UK albums chartIt has since gone both gold and platinum in Britain and the U.S. selling over 40 million copies worldwide. Also cast recording of the film adaptation has been released as well. The foreign dubbings were released as well.

While never released to the general public, there is a video recording of an early performance of the musical with Michael Crawford that is only available to certain people involved with the show[citation needed]. Whether or not it will ever be released remains in question.

Sequel

Andrew Lloyd Webber is working on the musical's sequel with a book by Ben Elton and lyrics by Glen Slater.[10] The sequel will be called Phantom: Love Never Dies and is loosely adapted from the novel The Phantom of Manhattan, published in 1999, written by Frederick Forsyth.

The Daily Mail announced in May 2007 that the sequel was temporarily delayed when Lloyd Webber's cat, Otto, a rare-breed Turkish Van, climbed onto Webber's digital Clavinova piano and managed to delete the entire score. Lloyd Webber was unable to recover any of it from the instrument, but was eventually able to reconstruct the score.[11]

Other productions

Lloyd Webber's The Phantom of the Opera has been translated into several languages and produced in over twenty countries on six continents. With only two exceptions, these productions have all been ”clones”, i.e., they use the original staging, direction, sets and costume concepts.[12]

Three touring companies of The Phantom of the Opera are currently on the road; one in the United States and Canada; the other in Southeast Asia.

A film version, starring Gerard Butler as the Phantom, Emmy Rossum as Christine, Patrick Wilson as Raoul, and Minnie Driver as Carlotta, was released in December 2004.[15]

The Santa Clara Vanguard Drum and Bugle Corps twice built their competitive program around POTO -- in 1988 and 1989 -- coming in 2nd in 1988 and winning their 5th Drum Corps International World Championship with the 1989 program.

Phantom: The Las Vegas Spectacular

An edited, 95-minute, intermission-less version of the show, renamed Phantom: The Las Vegas Spectacular opened in a purpose-built theatre at The Venetian Resort Hotel Casino in Las Vegas on 24 June 2006. This production, which was directed by original director Harold Prince and choreographer Gillian Lynne, with scenic designs by David Rockwell, features state-of-the art technology and effects, and a $40 million, 80 ft (24 m) diameter custom-built theater made to look like the Opéra Garnier in Paris.[16] The updated effects include a giant version of the infamous chandelier, composed of four separate pieces rigged to fly together and assemble in mid-air during the overture, as well as advanced pyrotechnics and strobe lighting. Almost every song from the original production was left intact (except "The Point of No Return" and "Poor Fool, He Makes Laugh", which were shortened), but the producers saved time by cutting some dialogue (such as the ”keep your hand at the level of your eyes” lines), some dance sequences, the twenty-minute intermission to bring the show length down from the original two hours and twenty minutes, and the scene in which the cast is practicing Don Juan Triumphant. The production is modeled more after the film version, with the chandelier crash occurring after "The Point of No Return" instead of after the "All I Ask of You" reprise.[17]

Trivia

The Simpsons has frequently parodied or satirically featured The Phantom of the Opera in several episodes. In "Flaming Moe's", Homer appears on the rafters with half of his face covered by his robe and laughs insanely as he reveals the secret to Moe's success. In "The Italian Bob", Homer wants to disguise himself as the Phantom and does an impression of him; "Ooooh, I am the gayest supervillain ever! Beware my scented candles! Oooh, scented!" In "Homer Simpson, This is Your Wife", the first thing seen on Lenny's new television is a brief image of the Phantom (with his mask on the other side of his face). In "Homer of Seville", a poster for the musical is in Homer's dressing room. Also, for security measures, Chief Wiggum decides to have the chandelier cut down and another one falls on Homer's stalker as she tries to kill him. In the episode "Lisa's Wedding", Martin Prince is shown wearing a half mask and a cape and playing an organ under the school, and his fate is a parody of Phantom.

Family Guy featured a cut-to of Peter ruining a performance of The Phantom of the Opera by shouting out "Let's see the gross half of your face!" during the Music of the Night scene. The American Dad episode Phantom of the Telethon is based on the plot of The Phantom of the Opera. Roger takes the roll of The Phantom and sabotages a CIA telethon to exact revenge on Stan.

In the episode Something Smells in Spongebob Squarepants, Spongebob hides himself after thinking that people are fleeing from him because he is ugly (actually, it is because of his bad breath after eating fried onions), and Patrick finds him in his library, wearing a cape, depressingly playing the organ and turns around shown to be wearing novelty glasses with a fake nose and mustache.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "The Phantom of the Opera: Show awards". Andrew Lloyd Webber's Really Useful Group. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
  2. ^ Glendinning, Lee (2008-05-03). "Musical to return louder than ever". The Guardian. Retrieved 2008-05-05.
  3. ^ Phantom of the Opera, at the Internet Broadway Database, accessed 31 January 2008
  4. ^ a b Jones, Kenneth (2006-01-25). "Phantom turns 18". Playbill. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
  5. ^ "Phantom musical surpasses record". BBC News. 2006-01-10. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
  6. ^ Page, Elaine. "BBC Essential Musicals". BBC. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
  7. ^ Bright, Spencer (1996-12-08). "Jim'll Fix It". Sunday Times. Retrieved 2007-07-09.
  8. ^ Behind the Mask documentary, on the 2004 film DVD
  9. ^ a b Perry, George. "The Complete Phantom of the Opera". Owl Books, 1991, ISBN 0-8050-1722-4.
  10. ^ Smith, Alistair (2008-04-09). "Elton joins Lloyd Webber for Phantom sequel". The Stage. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
  11. ^ Kay, Richard (2007-05-30). "Why Andrew is in need of a copycat". Daily Mail. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
  12. ^ a b "Official website of the Hungarian production". Theater Madách. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
  13. ^ "Official website of the German production". Retrieved 2008-04-23.
  14. ^ Yong, Yvonne (2006-10-03). "Phantom of the Opera set to return to Singapore". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
  15. ^ The Phantom of the Opera (2004) at IMDb, accessed 31 January 2008
  16. ^ "Phantom: The Las Vegas Spectacular official site". Really Useful Group/Mackintosh Ltd. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
  17. ^ McKenzie, Kristine (2006-10-03). "Phantom: The Las Vegas Spectacular show review — Beloved show lives up to new name". LasVegas.com. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
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