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February 2009 North American storm complex

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February 2009 tornado outbreak
A pile of rubble where a home once stood; part of the structure remains intact.
Damage in Lone Grove, Oklahoma, caused by an EF4 tornado on February 10
Duration1 day, 2 hours, and 22 minutes
Tornadoes
confirmed		15 confirmed
Max. rating1EF4 tornado
Fatalities8 + 7 non-tornadic
Damage$5.8 million + $12.3 million (non-tornadic)[1]
Areas affectedsouthern Great Plains, Ohio Valley, Great Lakes region, Northeast United States
1Most severe tornado damage; see Enhanced Fujita scale

The February 2009 tornado outbreak affected primarily portions of the South Central United States on February 10, as well as sections of the Northeastern United States, on February 11. During the two–day period, 15 tornadoes touched down in seven different states; Oklahoma was struck by six, the most of any state. The first day of the outbreak proved to produce the most tornadoes; the second brought mainly high wind damage and rain or snow in most of the Northeastern United States.

The storm system responsible for the tornado outbreak resulted from the unusual congruence two large systems, one cold and dry originating in the Four Corners, and the other warm and moist, moving north out of Texas. Complicating factors included daytime heating and a strong wind field favorable for the creation circulating thunderstorm development. On the second day, the stronger cold front limited discrete supercell activity and the risk of tornadoes decreased significantly. However a squall line produced high winds and rain along the river valleys, primarily the Mississippi and Ohio; the squall line continued to renew its energy as it passed through the mid-west, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, and New England, causing wind and water damage, and dumped six inches of snow in central and eastern Massachusetts. Resultant power outages affected homes throughout the northeastern seaboard.

The most destructive of the weather events, an EF4 tornado now called the Lone Grove Tornado, traveled for more than an hour through four counties in Oklahoma during the evening hours of February 10, and caused the most devastation. Eight people died and 46 others were injured; it destroyed 114 residences in Lone Grove alone. The Lone Grove tornado was the deadliest to hit Oklahoma since May 3, 1999 and the strongest tornado during the month of February in Oklahoma since 1950.

Storm development

A map of the United States with a series of colored lines depicting thunderstorm forecasts.
Convective outlook for February 10

During the afternoon hours of February 10, a strong middle and upper storm system moved across the Four Corners region into the central and southern Great Plains. A moist low-level air mass streamed northward across Texas and Louisiana into eastern Oklahoma and the Ozarks ahead of the system. Daytime heating of the moistening boundary layer increased through the afternoon across Oklahoma and Texas as cloud cover shifted eastward. Along with cooling aloft in conjunction with the approaching storm system, the air mass began destabilizing, resulting in the development of thunderstorms. A very strong wind field that increased with height through the lower troposphere resulted in wind shear favorable for rotation in the thunderstorms.[2]

Meteorologists expected large hail, damaging winds, and the potential for strong tornadoes as thunderstorms developed from central Oklahoma southward into north central Texas in the afternoon hours. During the night, a cold front moved eastward toward the Mississippi Valley; this front caused the organization of the thunderstorms into a lengthy squall line. Along with a continued threat for hail and tornadoes, the risk of damaging winds increased.[2] TheStorm Prediction Center issued a moderate risk for severe weather for portions of eastern Oklahoma, northeastern Texas, western Arkansas, and northwest Louisiana.[3]

A map depicting the tracks, times, and locations of tornadoes.
Tracks of the central Oklahoma tornadoes

At around 1 pm CST (1900 UTC), a line of violent thunderstorms began developing near the Wichita Mountains in Comanche County. The supercell that eventually produced the first tornado of the outbreak moved northeast through Caddo and Grady counties over the next 30 to 45 minutes, before reaching southeastern Canadian County at around 2 pm CST (2000 UTC).[4] By 2:14 pm CST (2014 UTC), the line had formed a hook echo, which was fully developed four minutes later. Observers reported wall clouds from the Yukon area into western portions of Oklahoma City during the next 10 to 15 minutes.[4] At 2:36 pm CST (2037 UTC), the supercell produced a tornado near the Wiley Post Airport in Oklahoma City, causing damage at the Northwest Expressway.[5] According to the Doppler weather radar, the hook continued to show signs of rotation as it moved northeast across Oklahoma County. At 2:52 pm CST (2052 UTC), the supercell produced its second tornado in neighborhoods and subdivisions on the northwestern side of Edmond which caused its most severe damage near the Oklahoma and Logan County line. The tornado dissipated north of the Logan County Line at 3:05 pm CST (2105 UTC).[4]

The supercell produced three more tornadoes in Oklahoma as it continued to move northeast. Tornado three occurred northwest of Meridian in Logan County at 3:26 pm CST (2136 UTC). A fourth developed near Langston in Logan County and moved to about 4 miles (6.4 km) southwest of Stillwater in Payne County. The fifth tornado occurred in Pawnee County.[4] In addition to the five Oklahoma tornadoes, three tornadoes struck northern sections of Texas and one tornado hit Springfield, Missouri.[6][7]

A tornado close to some buildings.
An EF1 tornado near Oklahoma City

The most significant tornado, eventually called the Lone Grove Tornado, first touched down in southeast Jefferson County at 6:48 pm CST (0048 UTC) near the Red River.[5] The tornado crossed through rural areas as it moved to the northeast into Love County, before going into Carter County at 7:10 pm CST (0110 UTC). The tornado continued moving to the northeast for the next 15 minutes, before striking Lone Grove.[4] It came close to hitting the Newport Mesonet station as it passed through Lone Grove, before crossing Interstate 35 just north of the Prairie Valley Road exit ramp. The tornado tracked through rural areas of northeastern Carter County to the east of Springer, ending at 7:43 pm CST (0143 UTC).[5]

The Storm Prediction Center also issued a slight risk warning for February 11; the warning included parts of the Deep South, Ohio Valley, Midwest, and Appalachians. The risk for tornadoes was lower on February 11 due to stronger front, which limited discrete supercell activity and decreased atmospheric instability.[8] The slight risk was later upgraded to a moderate risk as a powerful squall line developed.[9]

Confirmed tornadoes

Confirmed tornadoes by Enhanced Fujita rating
EFU EF0 EF1 EF2 EF3 EF4 EF5 Total
0 3 10 1 0 1 0 15
Tuesday, February 10, 2009
EF# Location County/
Parish 		Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Damage
Oklahoma
EF1 NNW of Wiley Post Airport Oklahoma 35°33′N 97°38′W / 35.550°N 97.633°W / 35.550; -97.633 2036 0.66 miles (1.1 km) The first tornado of the outbreak touched down around 2:36 pm CST near Oklahoma City. The 75 yd (69 m) wide tornado tracked for 0.66 miles (1.06 km),[5] damaging several businesses and homes. Two shopping centers were closed for several days due to the severity of the impact. The wall of one restaurant was partially destroyed and a piece of plywood from a small retail building was thrown into the wall of the restaurant. The tornado lifted around 2:37 pm CST. Damages from the tornado were estimated at $1 million.[10]
EF2 WNW of Edmond Oklahoma, Logan 35°39′N 97°31′W / 35.650°N 97.517°W / 35.650; -97.517 2053 5 miles (8.0 km) The second tornado to touch down during the outbreak formed at around 2:52 pm CST (2052 UTC)[11] about 3 miles (5 km) north-northwest of Edmond, Oklahoma. The tornado traveled towards the northeast,[12] crossing into Logan County and dissipating at 3:05 pm CST (2105 UTC). Following a survey by the National Weather Service, the tornado was estimated to have been about 75 yards (70 m) wide and was rated as an EF2.[11] Most of the downtown residences were left without power as the tornado struck the area around 2:59 pm CST (2059 UTC). Ten minutes earlier, tornado sirens were sounded as a tornado warning was issued for the area. Students who were being taken home by bus at the time were immediately taken to the nearest school for shelter.[13] The schools were placed in lockdown for about two hours following the tornado sirens.[14] In Edmond, six homes were destroyed, eight structures received major damage, 51 received minor damage and another 166 structures were affected.[15] Some of the homes damaged by the tornado were estimated to be worth over $1 million.[16] The Oak Tree Golf Club sustained severe damage, with numerous trees being uprooted.[17] Hundreds of trees were uprooted or significantly damaged along the tornado's path.[18] In Oklahoma County, the tornado left an estimated 28,500 people without power. Monetary damage numbers were not available.[19]
EF1 NW of Meridian Logan 35°51′N 97°16′W / 35.850°N 97.267°W / 35.850; -97.267 2124 1 mile (1.6 km) Two homes were damaged, including one that completely lost its roof. It was on the ground for two minutes.[20] Post-storm analysis indicated that the tornado reached EF1 intensity.[21]
EF1 WSW of Perkins Payne 35°57′N 97°10′W / 35.950°N 97.167°W / 35.950; -97.167 2139 10 miles (16 km) Long lived tornado destroyed a barn and an oilfield communications tower. Numerous power lines were downed, leaving 1,586 customers without power in Payne county. Most of the outages were around Oklahoma State Highway 33.[22] Post-storm analysis indicated that the tornado reached EF1 intensity.[23]
EF0 SSW of Pawnee Pawnee 36°17′N 96°49′W / 36.283°N 96.817°W / 36.283; -96.817 2235 3 miles (4.8 km) Two barns completely destroyed. Debris scattering seems to be consistent with damage caused by a tornado. Four cows were lost and presumed dead due to the tornado.[24]
EF4 SE of Grady Jefferson, Love, Carter, Murray 33°57′N 97°35′W / 33.950°N 97.583°W / 33.950; -97.583 0048 35 miles (56 km) 8 deaths—See section on this tornado
Texas
EF0 SSW of Belcherville Montague 33°47′N 97°49′W / 33.783°N 97.817°W / 33.783; -97.817 0025 100 yards (91 m) One house suffered roof damage. Debris blew down a back door and permitted debris to enter the house. Two trees were toppled and a shed was destroyed.[25] Damages from the tornado were estimated at $20,000.[26]
EF1 Spanish Fort area Montague 33°55′N 97°37′W / 33.917°N 97.617°W / 33.917; -97.617 0045 2 miles (3 km) Multi-vortex tornado snapped numerous large trees, some up to 30 inches in diameter.[27] Winds within the tornado were estimated at 95 to 100 miles per hour (153 to 161 km/h). Eye-witnesses of the tornado reported that it crossed the Red River, tracking into Oklahoma; however, the post-storm survey did not confirm this.[28]
EF1 SSW of Grapevine Southlake Airport Tarrant 32°54′N 97°08′W / 32.900°N 97.133°W / 32.900; -97.133 0315 1 mile (2 km) A brief tornado, lasting roughly two minutes, caused significant damage to five homes and minor damage to 15 others. The maximum width of the tornado was estimated to be 100 yd (91 m) with winds up to 90 miles per hour (140 km/h). Damages from the tornado were estimated at $750,000.[29]
EF1 NNE of Garden Valley Smith, Wood 32°34′N 95°30′W / 32.567°N 95.500°W / 32.567; -95.500 0516 7 miles (11 km) A barn was destroyed and several metal buildings were damaged or destroyed northwest of Lindale. Several homes sustained roof damage near Mineola.[30] Damages from the tornado were estimated at $300,000.[31][32]
Missouri
EF1 ENE of Battlefield Greene 37°07′N 93°20′W / 37.117°N 93.333°W / 37.117; -93.333 0443 5 miles (8 km) Tornado tracked across the southern end of Springfield. About two dozen houses and businesses were damaged, and several trees and power lines were knocked over,[33] leaving 250 residences without power. Damages from the tornado were estimated at $350,000.[34]
Wednesday, February 11, 2009
Louisiana
EF1 Kolter area De Soto 32°09′N 93°56′W / 32.150°N 93.933°W / 32.150; -93.933 0704 2 miles (3.2 km) A metal barn was destroyed and part of the frame was removed from the ground. Many trees were damaged.[35] Damages from the tornado were estimated at $150,000.[36]
Tennessee
EF1 SW of Camp Ground Fentress 36°09′N 85°04′W / 36.150°N 85.067°W / 36.150; -85.067 1905 1 mile (1.6 km) One person was injured when the tornado pinned him under his car. Up to 50 trees were downed.[37] The tornado was on the ground for about a minute and was up to 75 yards wide.[38] Damages from the tornado were estimated at $50,000.[39]
Indiana
EF1 SW of Medford Delaware 40°06′N 85°19′W / 40.100°N 85.317°W / 40.100; -85.317 2030 0.2 miles (0.3 km) A 100 foot wide tornado briefly touched down near Muncie. Winds estimated at 100 miles per hour (160 km/h) destroyed one barn and tore the roof off of a house. Damages from the tornado were estimated at $13,000.[40] The tornado traveled for 0.2 miles (0.3 km).[41]
Virginia
EF0 NE of Coulwood Russell 36°59′N 82°03′W / 36.983°N 82.050°W / 36.983; -82.050 2259 4 miles (6.4 km) A roof was damaged and several trees were knocked over.[42] Damages from the tornado were estimated at $30,000.[43]
Sources:NCDC Database

Lone Grove tornado

A weather map in which lines of darker orange and red colors depict thunderstorms.
Radar image of the supercell thunderstorm as it neared Lone Grove

At 6:48 pm CST (0048 UTC), a large wedge tornado, a tornado that is wider than the distance from ground to cloud base,[44] touched down near the Red River.[5] It crossed through Jefferson and Love counties before entering Carter County. It then slammed into Lone Grove.[45] The tornado dissipated at 7:43 pm CST (0143 UTC) after remaining on the ground for nearly an hour.[5] After an assessment by the National Weather Service office in Norman, Oklahoma, the tornado was rated as an EF4 on the Enhanced Fujita Scale with winds estimated at 170 miles per hour (270 km/h).[46] The total distance traveled by the tornado was estimated to be 35 miles (56 km).[5]

The Lone Grove tornado is the deadliest to hit Oklahoma since May 3, 1999,[47] and the strongest tornado during the month of February in Oklahoma since 1950.[20] The previous strongest were two F3 tornadoes which touched down on February 17, 1961.[48]

A map depicting the track, time and location of a tornado.
Preliminary track of the tornado

The tornado left devastation across a swath over a half-mile wide. Buildings were reportedly thrown off their slabs and the local chamber of commerce office was flattened. A furniture store and two mobile home parks were also destroyed.[45] One of the mobile home parks contained 40 homes, leaving close to 100 people homeless.[49][50] One mobile home was thrown 100 yards from its foundation.[51] The glass lobby of the UPS building was shattered.[45][49] A total of 114 residences were destroyed by the tornado in Lone Grove.[52]

To the east of Lone Grove, the area north of Ardmore was also hard hit, where several buildings, including those of the Beaver Academy[45] and the Ardmore Adventist Academy, destroyed.[53] Although damaged particularly centered on the Ardmore Academy gymnasium, most of the campus was considered a total loss.[54] In Ardmore, eight homes were destroyed and another 20 sustained damage.[55]

Eight people were confirmed dead,[56] though early reports suggested that as many as 15 people were killed[57] Seven of the fatalities were in the town of Lone Grove, most of which were caused by “blunt-force trauma to the head".[citation needed] Three of the victims were found inside their homes and two were found outside their homes. A victim found in an open field was reported to have been picked up by the tornado, thrown by it, and killed on impact with the ground.[49] Two of the victims were the parents of a 13-year old girl. They were killed when the tornado picked the three of them out of their home and threw them 400 feet.[58] Another victim was crushed when a pickup truck fell on him.[59] The eighth fatality was a truck driver pinned under his vehicle on Interstate 35.[49] Three people were rescued after being trapped in the ruins of their home for almost a day. Officials stated that 10 to 15 people remained unaccounted for on the night of February 12 but they were presumed to have left the area.[51] An additional 46 people were injured.[49] Total damages from the tornado were estimated at $3 million.[60]

Non-tornadic events

During the evening of February 10, a long line of severe thunderstorms developed along the tail-end of a cold front in central Texas. Meteorologists predicted embedded supercell thunderstorms that could produce hail up to 2.5 inches (6.4 cm) in diameter and wind gusts up to 90 miles per hour (140 km/h).[61] North of the squall line, bow echo thunderstorms developed in Missouri, causing widespread wind damage.[62] By the morning of February 11, the squall line reached as far southeast as eastern Louisiana, where winds were recorded in excess of 70 miles per hour (110 km/h) along with hail up to 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter.[63] Around 12 pm EST (17:00 UTC), the first line of thunderstorms significantly weakened, but a new, narrow, line developed in eastern Kentucky and Tennessee.[64] A strong, deep layer wind field prevented a significant number of tornadoes from forming but caused instead widespread wind damage.[65] Throughout the day, the line of low-topped thunderstorms continued eastward, reaching Ohio and West Virginia by 4 pm EST (21:00 UTC).[66] Several hours later, the line broke apart, with the strongest storms tracking through Pennsylvania.[67] By February 12, rain showers, accompanied by high winds up to 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) affected most of the Northeastern United States.[68]

Power outages by state
State Power outages Source
Alabama 2,380+ [69]
Arkansas 315,324 [70]
Connecticut 8,486 [71]
Delaware 4,600 [72]
Illinois 14,590 [71]
Indiana 70,695 [71]
Kentucky 161,588 [71]
Louisiana 12,000 [73]
Massachusetts 360+ [74]
Maryland 50,820 [71]
Michigan 57,000 [75]
Missouri 7,629 [76]
New Jersey 93,816 [71]
New York 84,624 [71]
Ohio 585,775 [71]
Oklahoma 61,000 [19][60][77]
Pennsylvania 400,000+ [78]
Tennessee 74,052 [71]
Texas 15,000 [79]
Virginia 28,059 [71]
West Virginia 225,000 [80]
Total 2,272,798+

Oklahoma

In Oklahoma, addition to the strong tornadoes, high winds and large hail impacted the state. Extremely large hail, measuring up to 4.5 inches (11 cm) in diameter, caused significant damage in Okesa. Numerous cars were hit with the hail and several houses sustained roof damage. The cost of the hail was estimated at $100,000 in the town.[81] Heavy rains produced by the storms also caused isolated flooding, with numerous streets being inundated with several feet of water.[82] Lightning also produced damage in the state, with one bolt striking an oil tank, igniting a fire. The fire severely damaged the tank, leaving $13,000 in damages.[83] Throughout the state, an estimated 61,000 people lost power; 29,000 lost power due to thunderstorms [77] and 32,000 due to tornadoes.[19][60] In Mississippi, strong winds on the backside of the cold front blew a metal roof being blown off a power company and downed several trees and power lines.[84][85] Damages in the state amounted to $35,000.[86]

A weather map in which lines of darker orange and red colors depict thunderstorms.
A line of severe thunderstorms in Texas on February 10

Texas

A weather map in which lines of darker orange and red colors depict thunderstorms.
Weather radar loop of a severe thunderstorm near Mineola, Texas

Strong straight-line winds near 70 miles per hour (110 km/h) caused significant damage in Hamilton County, Texas. A barn sustained severe damage and a home lost most of its roof. Eighty mile per hour (130 km/h) wind destroyed a small outbuilding and carried debris about 1.5 miles (2 km) half a mile north. A trailer near Hamilton Municipal Airport was broken off its moorings and moved 20 feet. Several mobile homes near Hamilton sustained damage after tree limbs fell on them. In Huron, several outbuildings were damaged or destroyed and a permanent building was damaged at a youth retreat center.[87] An estimated 15,000 residences were without power following the storms in Texas.[79] One home in McGregor was destroyed by the winds. The three people who lived in the home, one of which was a child, all sustained injuries. The father had a few broken ribs and several scratches sustained during the search for his son.[88] In Louisiana, 12,000 residences lost power due to the storm system.[73] Two wildfires were sparked in Kenedy County and Kleberg County, burning 300 and 20 acres respectively. The larger of the two fires was along Texas State Highway 77. The second fire burned three homes and threatened 20 others.[89][90]

Arkansas

In Arkansas, high winds produced by the squall line knocked out power to 315,324 residences and caused widespread structural damage.[70] Seven people sustained injuries in the state. Trees and power lines were downed in eight counties. Several homes in Independence and Van Buren County either lost their roofs sustained damage.[68] Winds gusting up to 57 miles per hour (92 km/h) in Independence County damaged numerous homes, leaving $200,000 in damages.[91][92] A 80 miles per hour (130 km/h) wind gust in Van Buren blew a barn onto Arkansas Highway 9. Hundreds of trees were blown down, many of which fell on homes, causing widespread damage. Damages in the county were estimated at $625,000.[93][94] In Conway County, a sawmill and two barns were destroyed. Several homes and a church also sustained damage, mainly roof damage. Damages in the county were estimated at $300,000.[95] Numerous homes sustained wind damage and two mobile homes and a recreational vehicle were overturned. Damages in the county were estimated at $750,000.[96] Total damages throughout the state were estimated at $2.4 million.[86]

Ohio

In Ohio, 70 miles per hour (110 km/h) wind gusts led to a highway accident which killed a truck driver.[97] The high winds also caused significant damage throughout the state.[98] Heavy rains produced by the same system inundated several streets in flood-prone towns in Ohio.[98] In Scioto County, a brick home was destroyed by high winds, which also downed numerous power lines.[99] The most significant damage resulted from the strong pressure gradient behind the frontal system. Thousands of tree were knocked down or uprooted by winds gusting in excess of 75 miles per hour (121 km/h),[100] cutting power to 585,775 residences.[71] Ten railroad cars were knocked off their tracks near Shelby. Several hundred homes lost shingles and gutters due to the winds. Wind also overturned two Semi-trailer truck; the drivers of both vehicles were unharmed. A vacant school building in Epworth lost its entire roof.[101] Some windows were damaged or broken by flying debris or fallen trees. Power outages forced numerous schools to close for at least two days following the storm.[102] A large barn was leveled just north of Brighton by 64 miles per hour (103 km/h) winds.[103] Throughout the state, damages from the storm system amounted to $4.7 million.[86]

Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee and Michigan

Numerous fallen trees
Tree damage from the EF1 tornado in Tennessee

In Missouri, high winds caused widespread damage and knocked out power to 7,629 residences. Several homes and businesses lost their windows due to 65 miles per hour (105 km/h) wind gusts produced within squall lines.[76][104] In Huntsville, Alabama, a car carrying four people lost control on rain-slicked roads and crashed into a van, killing one of the occupants and injuring the other three.[105] Another fatality occurred in Kentucky when a utility worker was knocked over by high winds and fell 30 feet (9.1 m) to his death while trying to restore power.[97] Following the widespread power outages from a severe ice storm, an additional 161,588 residences lost power due to 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) winds.[71] Flooding and high winds in Michigan knocked out power to about 57,000 residences.[75] In southern Michigan, upwards of 0.8 inches (2.0 cm) of rain fell, leading to faster snowmelt.[106] In Tennessee, several structures were damaged and numerous trees were knocked down, closing roads throughout the state as the squall line tracked eastward.[37] A total of 74,052 residences lost power due to the winds.[71] Winds gusting up to 85 miles per hour (137 km/h) caused substantial damage in Rutherford County. Several commercial buildings had major roof damage, leaving $150,000 in damages.[107] Throughout Tennessee, damages from the storm system were estimated at $1.1 million.[86]

Iowa, Indiana and Virginia

A weather map in which lines of darker orange and red colors depict thunderstorms.
Radar image of the thunderstorm which spawned the EF2 Edmond, Oklahoma tornado

In Iowa, heavy rains triggered rapid snowmelt, causing isolated flooding. Only minor impacts resulted from the flooding; total damages from the event was estimated at $25,000.[108] A total of 14,590 residences lost power in Indiana.[71] Several large trees were downed by high winds, one of which fell on a home in South Bend, leaving $50,000 in damages.[109] In the town of Carmel, a total of 2.75 inches (70 mm) of rain fell, the highest in the state. The heavy rains, in combination with unseasonable temperatures, led to significant snowmelt and flooding.[110] The highest wind gust recorded in the state was 80 miles per hour (130 km/h) in Crawford County.[111] A total of 70,695 residences lost power in Illinois.[71] Rainfall up to 4 inches (100 mm) fell throughout most of the state. Several major roadways were covered in flood waters. The Little Wabash River overflowed its banks and inundated nearby roads.[112] Along Illinois Route 1, a large tree blocked a section of the road near Georgetown. The fallen tree resulted in a vehicle accident; the driver was unharmed by the accident.[113] One person was killed by high winds in Davy, West Virginia when a gymnasium roof collapsed.[114] Throughout the state, power was knocked out to an estimated 225,000 residences.[80] In Montgomery County, Virginia, winds knocked down power lines which sparked two brush fires, one of which burned a total of 12 acres.[115] Winds up to 65 miles per hour (105 km/h) cut power to 28,059 residences in the state.[71] The strong winds also cut power to 50,820 residences in Maryland.[71]

Western Pennsylvania and Chesapeake watershed

Hurricane-force wind gusts up to 92 miles per hour (148 km/h) caused significant damage and power losses in Pennsylvania.[98] Throughout the state, at least 400,000 residences lost power due to the winds. Allegheny Power stated that the loss of power due to this system was the largest ever experienced by the company. Thousands of trees and power lines were downed by strong winds and numerous homes sustained significant damage.[78] Most of the damages to homes consisted of shingle damage; however, several homes lost gutters and had portions of their sidings blown off.[116] One person was killed by high winds in Davy, West Virginia when a gymnasium roof collapsed.[117] Throughout the state, power was knocked out to an estimated 225,000 residences.[80] In Montgomery County, Virginia, winds knocked down power lines which sparked two brush fires, one of which burned a total of 12 acres.[115] Winds up to 65 miles per hour (105 km/h) cut power to 28,059 residences in the state.[71] The strong winds also cut power to 50,820 residences in Maryland.[71]

In Pottstown, a large portion of the roof of a four story building was blown off, forcing residents to evacuate the building. An 18 ft (5.5 m) pillar was knocked down at the First Moravian Church in Easton. In Northampton County, a fire sparked by downed power lines destroyed a barn and partially melted a nearby metal shed. The blaze was fully contained by 40 firefighters. Another fire sparked by downed power lines destroyed a garage in Lower Merion Township. In Philadelphia, the roof of a portable classroom began to peel off, forcing the forty students inside to evacuate to a safer structure. A large tree fell through one house and severely damaged the roof of a nearby home. Numerous major highways and local streets were shut down for several hours to allow cleanup crews to clear debris.[118] Throughout the state, damages from the storm system amounted to $3.7 million.[86]

New York

In upstate New York, winds in excess of 50 miles per hour (80 km/h) toppled numerous trees, downed power lines, cutting power to more than 50,000 residences and shattered windows.[119][120] Unseasonably warm temperatures and heavy rains from the storm system increased the snowmelt rate in northern areas of the state. In Genesee County, an estimated 2 to 5 inches (5.1 to 12.7 cm) of the snowpack melted, triggering flash floods along several rivers. The Tonawanda Creek reached a height of 14.38 feet (4.38 m), 2.38 feet (0.73 m) above flood stage. Several homes were inundated by flood waters throughout the region.[121] In all, 84,624 residences lost power in New York State.[71] The storm system continued producing gusty winds through February 12, which caused tree damage, power outages, and killed a construction worker in the New York City metropolitan area.[122] The construction worker was killed after a cinder block wall collapsed due to high-winds. Winds in the city gusted to 65 miles per hour (105 km/h) in the Bronx. Throughout Long Island, an estimated 4,000 people lost power.[123]

New Jersey, Connecticut and Massachusetts

In New Jersey, strong winds gusted up to 55 miles per hour (89 km/h), bringing down tree limbs that killed two people were killed when tree limbs fell on them and injured others.[124] A total of 93,816 residences were also left without power at the height of the storm.[71] High winds on the backside of the storm downed a power line that sparked a small fire in Galloway Township, burning a total of 40 acres.[125] A total of 8,486 Connecticut residences were left without power and one boy was injured after high winds knocked numerous power lines and tree limbs.[71][126] In Massachusetts, gusts up to 55 miles per hour (89 km/h) downed several trees and cut power to residences in Middleborough, Boston, Brookline and Hingham.[127] The Western Massachusetts Electric Company reported that at least 360 residences lost power during the storm.[74] Moderate snow fell across portions of The Berkshires late on February 12 as the storm system began entering the Atlantic Ocean, with isolated areas received upwards of 6 inches (15 cm).[128]

Aftermath

Fallen debris near a building
Wind damage in Jamestown, Kentucky

In the wake of the tornado outbreak, 30 national guard troops and additional law enforcement officers were sent to Lone Grove to provide security.[129][130] The American Red Cross opened shelters in Ardmore, Edmond, and Oklahoma City. About 100 volunteers from the Sorghum Mill Estates Neighborhood Association traveled to affected areas in Edmond to help with cleanup efforts. A local restaurant provided free meals to the volunteers as they assisted relief workers.[18] The Salvation Army had two canteens in Oklahoma City, one in Lone Grove, and one in Perkins.[131] About 2,000 meals, drinks, and snacks were provided by the Salvation Army to emergency responders. Feed the Children also sent two truckloads of relief supplies to Carter County.[132] They also sent three food trucks containing a total of 619 meals, 900 drinks, and about 500 snacks to Ardmore.[133] Baptist Disaster Relief responded to Lone Grove to assist with feeding and emotional care.[131] The Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association (NBA) gave away two tickets to anyone who made a donation of $25 or an equivalent amount of food to benefit victims of the tornado.[134] A concert featuring Chris Cagle and other local musicians at Heritage Hall in Ardmore raised over $18,000 to benefit Carter County tornado victims.[135][136] Another concert set up by the Salvation Army raised $2,300 more for victims.[136] The Department of Homeland Security offered to assist with the reconstruction of homes and businesses and to support those who were left homeless. President Barack Obama passed along his condolences and best wishes to the victims of the tornado.[129]

The Governor of Oklahoma Brad Henry issued a state of emergency in 17 counties and described the damage in Lone Grove as the worst natural disaster he has seen since becoming governor.[137] On February 15, President Obama approved Henry's request for federal assistance in Carter, Logan and Oklahoma counties.[138] A disaster recovery center was set up by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) on February 20. Homeowners were allowed to borrow $200,000 to repair damages to their home or find a temporary or permanent shelter. They were also allowed to borrow up to $40,000 to replaced lost property. Businesses were also allowed to borrow up to $2 million for damage repair, property loss, and economic loss.[139] On February 22, the New Life Baptist Church sent drinks and prepackaged snacks, along with items needed for clean-up.[140] By February 23, about $781,000 had been given in federal grants.[141] On February 25, FEMA approved Governor Henry's request for public assistance in Carter, Coal and Love counties.[142] The estimated cost to clear the 7,000 tons of debris in Lone Grove was placed at $500,000, of which $90,000 has been paid for by FEMA.[143]

See also

References

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  143. ^ Saldana, Meredith (April 7, 2009). "Lone Grove Tornado Recovery Efforts". KTEN. Retrieved April 10, 2009.
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