Tyumen

Tyumen Тюмень
Tyumen
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Tyumen
Tyumen Location of Tyumen Tyumen Tyumen (Tyumen Oblast)
Coordinates: 57°9′N 65°32′E
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Tyumen Oblast
Administrative district	Tyumen Oblast
Founded	29 of July 1586
Government
• Head of Administration	Evgeniy Kuyvashev
Area
• Total	235 km2 (91 sq mi)
Elevation	102 m (335 ft)
Population
• Estimate  (1 January 2010)	609,100
Administrative status
• Capital of	Tyumen Oblast, Tyumensky District.
Municipal status
• Urban settlement	Tyumen Urban Settlement
Time zone	UTC+5 (MSK+2 )
Postal code(s)	625000-625063
Dialing code(s)	+7 3452
OKTMO ID	71701000001
Holiday	Last Sunday of July
Website	www.tyumen-city.ru

Tyumen (Template:Audio-ru) is a city in Urals Federal District in Russia, located on the Tura River Template:Km to mi east of Moscow. It is the administrative center and the largest city of Tyumen Oblast in the Urals Federal District. Population: 609,100 (2010 est.); 510,719 (2002 Census); 476,869 (1989 Soviet census).

Tyumen was the first Russian outpost in Siberia; it was founded in 16th century to support Russian expansion to Siberia. Since its foundation, Tyumen has always been an important settlement. Located at the crossing of water and land routes, the town rapidly developed from a small military settlement to a large commercial and industrial city. The city core, the Old Tyumen, retains many historic buildings illustrating the city's development during the 18th-20th centuries.

Today Tyumen is one of the most important business centres of Russia, and is of importance in the nation's in politics, education and culture. The capital of a vast oil-rich region stretching from the Kazakh border to the Arctic Ocean, Tyumen is an important transportation hub and industrial center of its region, and the home to many companies active in Russia's oil and gas industry.

Tyumen is also a destination for a fair number of tourists, in particular from Germany. Tyumen's population draws from a wide range of peoples, cultures, and religions.

History

Old Tyumen in summer 2008, Photo by Romuald A. Nagaev

Tumen on Sigismund von Herberstein's map, published in 1549

Tyumen was the first Russian town in Siberia.

The Tyumen area, originally part of the Siberia Khanate (in other sources, Kaganate) was annexed to Russia by a Cossack Yermak Timofeyevich in 1585, and the next year by the order of tsar Feodor I of Russia on the 29th of July 1586 Tyumen Burg was founded on the site of the former Tatar town of Chimgi-Tura (also sometimes known as Tumen) by the voivodes Vasiliy Borisov Sukin and Ivan Myasnoy.

Weliki Tumen (the Great Tyumen) is shown on Gerhard Mercator's map of Asia (published in 1595) as located south of Perm and Sibier

The site where Tyumen was founded corresponded to the so called "Tyumen Portage" on the historical trade route from Central Asia to the Volga region, for the control over which South Siberian nomads had fought for centuries. As a result, the early Russian settlers' was often attacked by Tatar and Kalmyk hordes, and until the middle of the 17th century Streltsy and Cossacks made up the majority of Tyumen population. But as the threat of raids gradually came down with time, the number of craftsmen living in Tyumen started growing.

At the beginning of the 18th century Tyumen became an important center of trade between Siberia and China in the east and Central Russia in the west, as well as a town of numerous craftsmen: leather goods makers, blacksmiths, and others. In 1763, about 7,000 people lived in Tyumen.

Town Foundation Sign

In the 19th century the town's development continued. In 1836, the first steam boat in Siberia was built in Tyumen. In 1862 the telegraph came to Tyumen, and in 1864 first water mains were laid. But the real prosperity came to Tyumen with the Transsiberian Railway in 1885. For some years, Tyumen was Russia's easternmost railhead, and the site of transhipment of cargoes between the railway and the river boats (which could sail down the Tyumen River, Tobol, Irtysh, and eventually into the Ob River). This finally made Tyumen the principal trade and industrial center of West Siberia.

By the end of the 19th century Tyumen's population counted over 30,000 dwellers, surpassing that of its northern rival Tobolsk, and then during the first part of the 20th century Tyumen bit by bit took away from Tobolsk the functions of regional administrative center. Finally, on August 14, 1944 Tyumen finally became the capital of the extensive Tyumen Oblast (often translated into English as "Tyumen Province" or "Tyumen Region").

The 20th century was both hard and lucky for Tyumen.

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  Memorial Cross to Ermak
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  Monument to Tekutyev the Maecenas
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  Civil War Monument
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  Monument to V.I. Lenin

Monument to Perished Graduates of Tyumen Schools

During the Russian Civil War Tyumen was first controlled by Admiral Alexander Kolchak and his Siberian White Army, but on the 5th of January 1918 the town was taken by the Red Army.

During the 1930s Tyumen became a major Siberian industrial city of the Soviet Union. By the start of WWII, steamboats, cargo ships, furniture, fur and leather clothing were all produced in Tyumen.

During World War II, known as the Great Patriotic War in Russia, Lenin's body was secretly moved from its Moscow mausoleum to a disguised tomb located in what is now the Tyumen State Agriculture Academy (former Tyumen Agriculture Institute). Over 20,000 Tyumen townspeople were sent to the front lines between 1941 and 1945, and over 6,000 of them perished. (Exact casualty count for Tymen's natives is uncertain, since official data also include soldiers who died in hospitals in Tyumen).

At the same time, the hard times of WWII pushed forward the development of Tyumen, as in the winter of 1941 twenty-two factories were evacuated to Tyumen from the European part of the Soviet Union, and at the spring of 1942 they all were put into operation. Also, throughout the entire war Tyumen was a "hospital city", where thousands of wounded soldiers were treated. Both these facts boosted the city's economy and population.

Monument to Ervye Summer 2008

Memorial to V.I. Muravlenko

After the discovery of rich oil and gas fields in the Tyumen Oblast in the 1960s, Tyumen became the capital of the Soviet oil industry, and the second time in that century experienced an economic and population boom. While most of the oil and gas fields were hundreds of kilometers to the north of the city, in places such as Surgut and Nizhnevartovsk, Tyumen was the closest large (and railway-connected) city to them, as well as the administrative capital of the oblast (province) where they were located, which made it the natural site for numerous oil related services and factories that were founded and grew in Tyumen between 1963 and 1985. Tens of thousands of experts and skilled workers from the entire USSR came to work and live in Tyumen.

But the oil boom brought not only prosperity, but also numerous problems. In a space of just a few years town population rose several folds, while the development city services was lagging behind. As the city started to grow rapidly without much advance planning, it experienced a great imbalance in its social sphere and infrastructure, and this imbalance has been with Tyumen up to the present-day.

Governance

Tyumen is the capital of the Tyumen Province (Oblast) and Tyumen Municipal District.

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  Regional Council
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  Seat of the Governor
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  Regional Arbitrage
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  Tyumen City Hall

Local government

The legislative authority of Tyumen is the City Council (Duma). In addition to legislative activities the City Council appoints the Head of the Tyumen City Administration, who is the chief executive officer of the city.

Regional government

Tyumen is the administrative center of Tyumen Oblast, and all government bodies of the region are located here:

• Elected Legislative Assembly (Duma) of the Tyumen Province is the legislature of Tyumen Oblast. It also confirms the appointment of the Governor of Tyumen Oblast, nominated by the President of the Russian Federation;
• Office of the Governor - Head of the executive authority of Tyumen Oblast;
• Government of Tyumen Oblast - Executive authority of Tyumen Oblast;
• Arbitration Tribunal of Tyumen Province - Judiciary;

• Law enforcement:
  • Regional Police Administration
  • Regional Federal Security Service Office
  • Regional Public Prosecutor Office

Geography

Scope

Historically Tyumen occupied a small area on the high bank of the Tura River around the foundation site of the city. The city was mainly built up with single- and two-storey wooden buildings, and surrounded by a number of villages. With time, the territory of the city was both developed and extended by including surrounding settlements. To this day, when viewed from above, the city looks like a big village with clusters of tall buildings stuck in randomly over the total city area over 235 km² (with the old city borders).

Various atlas and gazetteers often give the geographic coordinates for Tyumen as 57° 09'N 65°32'E, which is probably the rounding (to minutes of latitude and longitude) of the location of the City Hall (which sits at 57°09'11"N; 65°32'00"E). The actual point ( 57°09'00"N, 65°32'00"E) is near the crossing of Kuznetsova St. and Yalutorovskay St., and is not thought of by the citizens as a place of any special importance.

There are at least three more places playing the role of Tyumen center depending on the situation:

1) Historic Square (57°09'47"N; 65°31'13"E). Located at this square are the marker marking the site of the foundation of Tyumen (57°09'51"N; 65°31'06"E), the historic building of the City Council (57° 09'47"N; 65°31'10"E), a WWII Memorial with Eternal flame (57° 09'48"N; 65°31'09"E), and the memorial cross to the founder of the city ataman Yermak (57°09'46"N; 65°31'15"E). Most of the events related to Tyumen's history took place in this area.

2) Central Square (57° 09'10"N 65°32'28"E). Located at this square are the Regional Council, the Office of the Governor, the Central Post Office (the Kilometre Zero of the local road system) and the Regional Police Headquarters. This square is the traditional site for events related to various national celebrations and regional events.

3) Maurice Thorez St (Morisa Torisa St) (57° 08'45"N 65°32'41"E). This is the transportation center of the Tyumen City. Most of the city's major roads meet together at this short (several hundred meters long) street. These days it often forms somewhat of a bottleneck for city traffic.

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  City Hall From Tsvetnoy Boulevard
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  Historic Square view from the place of town foundation
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  Central square view from the Seat of Governor
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  Crossing of Morisa Torisa, Gertsena and Malyigins Streets - A Bottle Neck

Status

Memorial Sign at Tyumen Railway Station. Summer 2004

Tyumen Province 60 anniversary flower sign

Tyumen has the status of a City. It is the administrative center of Tyumenskiy District and of Tyumen Province (Tyumen Oblast).

Topography

View to flood-lands upstream Tyumen from right bank

Tyumen covers an area of 235 km² (90.73 sq mi). Its primary geographical feature is the Tura River, which crosses the city from the north-west to the south-east. The river is navigable downstream of the city. The left bank of Tura is a floodplain surrounded by gently rolling hills. The Tura is fairly shallow river with extensive marshlands along its shores.

The river floods during the snow melting season in the spring; the flood usually peaks in the second half of May, when the river becomes 8-10 times wider than during the late-summer low water season. The city is protected from flooding by a dike which can withstand floods up to 8 meters high.. The highest ever flood water level in Tyumen was 9.15 m (30.02 ft), recorded in 1979; more recently, in 2007, the water level of 7.76 was recorded. In the spring 2005 a flood higher than the "critical" 8 m (26.25 ft) mark was expected, but apparently that did not happen.

River Front of Tyumen View to Low Bank April of 2010

Climate

Tyumen has a humid continental climate climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb) with warm, somewhat humid summers and long, cold winters. The weather in town is very changeable, and the temperature in town is always higher than in the surrounding area by few degrees and town area attract more precipitation. The average temperature of January is Template:C to F, with the record low of Template:C to F (February 1951). The average temperature of July Template:C to F, with the record high of Template:C to F.

The average annual precipitation is 457 mm; the wettest year on record was 1943, with 581 mm, and the driest was 1917, with only 231 mm..

Climate data for Tyumen
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Source: worldweather.org

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  Spring
  Tekutyevsky Boulevard
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  Summer
  Motorbuilders Park
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  Autumn
  Central Square
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  Winter
  Park in the City

Districts

Uprava of Leninskiy District

There are four Administrative Districts in Tyumen City:

• Central Administrative District;
• Leninskiy Administrative District;
• Kalininskiy Administrative District;
• Vostochniy (Eastern) Administrative District (created on 21 of March 2008, when it was separated from Leninskiy Administrative District).

Demography

Tyumen Footbridge
Summer 2008

Tyumen's population grew steadily from the 16th century through the 19th century, until the Trans-Siberian Railway came through it at the end of the 19th century. This greatly boosted the town's rate of growth, and Tyumen rapidly became the largest town in region, with approx 30,000 inhabitants by the beginning of the 20th century. Tyumen again experienced rapid growth with the coming of World War 2, and in 1941 evacuated workers from factories in Central Russia more than doubled its population to 150,000. In the 1960s, the discovery of the rich oil and gas fields in Western Siberia caused the town, which had not been forecast to exceed 250,000 that decade, to swell in size to almost half a million. The following period of stability lasted until 1988, when economic depression hit the USSR. The town's population in 1989 was 476,869, according to the census of that year. Within five or six years after the slump caused by the fall of the USSR, Tyumen was again a major economic center, and its population began to slowly rise. Its population was 510,719 in 2002[3] and further growth, due mainly to migration and the incorporation of surrounding settlements, meant that by 2008 there were some 588,600 inhabitants, according to regional government statistics.

Ethnic groups

While the population of Tyumen includes people from over a hundred different nationalities, most belong to one of the following nationalities, from traditional oil- and gas-producing regions:

• Russians;
• Ukrainians;
• Tatars

Religion

From its foundation, Tyumen was a religion center.
As of 2009, there are over ten operational Orthodox temples (both new built and historical), two mosques (both newly built), one synagogue, and one Roman Catholic Church in Tyumen.

The mid-18th century Trinity Monastery in Tyumen,
as photographed ca. 1912 by Prokudin-Gorsky

The mid-18th century Trinity Monastery in Tyumen,
Fall 2008

Monument to Saint Filofey Leschinskiy in Tyumen,
Summer 2008

Orthodox Christianity

While the state religion of Russian Empire was Orthodoxy this religion historically prevailed in Tyumen.
In 1616, Trinity Monastery (Troitskiy Monastery - rus) was established in Tyumen by Nifont of Kazan. In 1709-1711, this monastery was rebuilt in stone by the order of Filofey Leschinsky the first Metropolitan of Siberia. In the 1761 the Tyumen Religious School was established.

Overall, from 1708 to 1885, twelve stone Orthodox temples of different size and two monasteries were constructed in Tyumen.

During the Soviet times two of temples were completely destroyed, but the rest remained and to the 2008 most of them are accessible and returned to the operational state. At the Start of the year 2009 one of destroyed temples is restoring in double size at the new location, another is under discussion. Some operational temples are still under restoration. Tyumen Religious School was reopened in 1997.

Other religions

Nevertheless of Orthodoxy predominance, in the different times there were also constructed temples of Islam, Catholicism and Judaism. Unfortunately only the Catholic Church remained safe in its historical state. The Tyumen Mosque was completely destroyed and its restoration at historical place was considered unfair. The Tyumen synagogue remains collapsed just after year 2000 and the building was reconstructed anew at the same place.

At the start of XX century there also was strong Old Believers community in Tyumen.

All four up mentioned religions are running a different number of their cultural center throughout the town.

There are also several other creeds in town, but their flock is few in number.

Interesting Facts:
Tyumen Trinity Monastery was built by the special permission of Peter I of Russia due construction of stone buildings outside of Saint Petersburg was prohibited at the time.
Church of Saviour Uncreated was visited by the Crown prince of Russian Empire Alexandr afterward Alexander (Aleksandr) II Nikolaevich - Liberator during his Siberian tour before enthronement.

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  Lord Cross Erection Temple
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  Archangel Mikhail's Temple
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  Saviour Uncreated Church
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  Simeon God-bearing Church
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  Tyumen Convent
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  Roman-Catholic Church
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  Synagogue
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  Hospital Church
  (New Built)

Economy

Tyumen is an important service center for the gas and oil industries in Russia. Due to its advantageous location at the crossing of the Motor, Rail, Water and Air way and its moderate climate Tyumen was an ideal base town for servicing the oil and gas industry of the West Siberia. As the result today Tyumen is the center of industry, science, culture, education and medicine.

Many world level oil and gas companies such as Gazprom, LUKoil and Gazpromneft, TNK-BP, Shell (Salym Petroleum Development N.V.) have their representative offices in Tyumen. There are numerous, factories, engineering companies (KCA DEUTAG and Schlumberger), design institutes shipyard and other oil servicing companies located in Tyumen. Tyumen is one of the Russian towns which have its own Technopark. UTair is also based in Tyumen.

Town has a quite good selection of recreational activities of all kinds for any ages. There are three universities and several tens of colleges in Tyumen. Town is one of the Medical Centers of the Russian Federation so its population can receive most of high tech medical services locally without need to go to Moscow or elsewhere.

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  Sibnefteprovod Tyumen
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  Tyumen Dockyard
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  Tyumen Technopark
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  Zapsibgazprom HQ
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  LUKOil, KogalimNIPIneft
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  Giprotyumenneftegaz HQ
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  Neftegazporject
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  Sberbank Tyumen HQ

Cityscape

Historically Tyumen's was mainly built-up with one and two-storeyed lumber buildings begirt with a number of villages. To the date from above town looks like a big village with clusters of tall buildings stuck in randomly. The following specific areas can be marked out:

Yamskaya Sloboda

Merchants Houses at Republic St.

Historical center at the high bank - this territory is the mix of old brick and lumber historical merchant houses and buildings of different purpose with regular low level houses and early soviet architecture.

Buharskaya Sloboda

Zareka

Bukharskaya Sloboda - a Historic dormitory area at the low bank of Tura river . This territory is predominantly built-up with very old one-two storey lumber buildings forming a specific provincial view from Historical Center of the town (prevail Muslim population).

Low bank Dormitories - this clusters of standard 9 stock buildings built-up at the man-made grounds east to Bukharskaya Sloboda - Zareka and Vatutina.

Center near FSS

Center Republic St.

City Center - the territory at east of the Historical town built-up between 1948 and 1978 with predominance of 4-5 storey buildings. Most of the earlier buildings in this area had individual design, but the later built in rectangular style. In this area concentrated most of the political and business activities of the town.

Alexander's Garten District

Malyigina St.

New Center - the modern territory almost at the center of the town built-up over demolished lumber houses and industrial area. In this part prevail tall buildings. Mix of the Dormitory area and business centers.

Oborona

Melnikayte street

Old Dormitories - this areas built-up with standard 5 stock blocks of flats constructed in the 60th-70th at the ex west and east extremities, now they actually are in the town center. While there are almost no difference in architecture this areas are most green part of the town and have the best social infrastructure to other town parts.

South-East Extremity

Yuzhniy Micro District

New dormitories - the clusters of standard tall buildings constructed after year 1980 at the south and south-east extremity of Tyumen. This territories are actually the worst place to live in the city while they are remote, badly planned and had very poor social infrastructure. The only pro of this areas is better ecology if compare to city center.

Architecture

Tyumen is too diverse to be characterized by any particular architectural style, and it generally has no overall style whatsoever. The town was built and non-planned for decades and because of that its architecture is an eclectic mix of buildings of different styles and eras.

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Tyumen's nickname is the Capital of Villages because the most of its the territory built up by lumber houses. But most of the people who visited Tyumen as well as a considerable part of its core dwellers mistakenly consider it is a modern high-rise town due of tall buildings concentrated along all town arterial roads. Many of wooden buildings located in historical part of the city had cultural value:

Wooden art of building

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Historic Brick Buildings

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Early Soviet time Architecture

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Later Soviet time Architecture

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Old Style Imitation

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Modern Architecture

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Parks and gardens

There are many parks and Gardens of different size located around the Tyumen making town landscape green and fresh. Some of this parks also has sport and entertaining components.

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  Aleksander's Garden
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  Tsvetnoy Boulevard
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  Park at the Central Square
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  Historic Park
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  Komsomolskiy Park
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  No name park in center
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  Tekutyevskiy Boulevard
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  Nemtsova Park

Society and culture

Accent

The phenomenon of Tyumen is accent absence. During all its history Tyumen language environment was never isolated long enough to form any kind of accent. As a merchant town Tyumen permanently kept in contact with Russian capital territories and always received many people from all over the country. This fact furthered the preservation of literary language and to the present day people in Tyumen speak Russian completely the same as the people in Saint Petersburg or in Tver. Very few slang words are in use and these are usually slang words in general use throughout Siberia.

Leisure and entertainment

Tyumen Theater of the Drama and the Comedy at Night
Photo by Romuald A. Nagaev

Tyumen Puppet Show

Tyumen Circus

Tyumen has a range of entertainment possibilities for all ages. There are many cinemas including two with high class stereo systems, and clubs. Tyumen has had its own Drama and Comedy Theatre since 1858. There is a professional Puppet Show and the Angazhement Youth Theatre. The Tyumen Music Hall is one of the most common venues for tours of Russian and World class Music Stars. The Tyumen Circus is the most contemporary in Siberia and one of the best in the whole of Russia. Tyumen offers a great variety of cuisine in its numerous restaurants and bars. There are some annual events taking place in the town such as the Student Spring Music show and Day of The Town Show.

As of the 1st of January 2009

There are 62 restaurants, 78 bars, 224 cafe, 157 snack bars in Tyumen. Only ten percent of this number is related to any local regional or international systems. The following systems represented in Tyumen (network size in brackets):

Locals: Maxim (21), "Panteleev & K" (12), "Imperia Vkusa" (6).

Regional and International:Pizza Mia (2);UniverFood; RestUnion (4); Pishka; Rosinter Restaurants - includes Il Patio, Siberian Crown, Sushi Planet, MacDonalds (7).

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  Trade and entertainment center Gudvin
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  Hotel Vostock 3*
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  Hotel Tyumen 4*
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  Restaurant Maksimich

Literature and film

Tyumen has not been the setting for too many works of literature however there were some poets and writers in the town history. A writer closely associated with the city is the children's writer Vladislav Krapivin. A famous Russian writer Mikhail M. Prishvin spent his youth in Tyumen as well. Viktor L. Strogalschikov one of the modern Russian writers is also living in Tyumen.

A modern Russian producer Konstantin V. Odegov was born and studied in Tyumen. Tyumen was also the location for a few episodes in Russian films.

Museums and art galleries

Museum House of Merchant Masharov

There are numerous museums and art galleries in Tyumen. The best known are the Tyumen Museum of Local Lore and the Tyumen Fine Art Gallery which were merged last year by local government decision.

Some of the Tyumen Museums:

• Tyumen Museum of Local Lore (Several exhibition halls)
• Museum of Geology
• Museum of the Fine Arts
• Museum of Kolokolnikov estate (Several exhibition halls)
• House of Merchant Masharov
• Medical History Museum
• Museum of Tyumen Agricultural Academy (includes - local Lore exhibition, Museum of anatomy; Museum of soil science)

Music

Tyumen philharmonic

Music has always attracted the attention of Tyumen's inhabitants. The town has its own philharmonic orchestra and the Tyumen Music hall has steady auditory. While performing Russian tours Music Stars will visit the Tyumen without fail.

Sport

Tyumen Central Sport Complex

For many years Tyumen was the source for the Soviet and the Russian sport reserve. Many of the most famous Soviet and Russian sportsmen started their carEer in Tyumen youth sport including Soviet cycle racing stars Sergey Uslamin ,Yuriy Korotkih and Oleg Polovnikov. There are some Tyumen Biathlonists in the current Russian national team.

Today Tyumen offers a number of sport activities for all ages. There are numerous sport and fitness clubs around the town. Tyumen has a National Level Soccer Team, Hockey team and Futsal team. There are three all season ice arenas, a soccer field (amateur fields are not counted), a ski centre, a hippodrome, a shooting range, several tennis-courts including in the open and all season, three Olympic sized pools. In winter time parks for the cross country skiing are available around the town.

• FC Tyumen

Transport

Railways

Tyumen Railway Station Tracks 2008

Tyumen Railway Station Terminal 2008

Tyumen Rail Station was founded in 1885. Currently Station Administratively belongs to the Tyumen Division of Sverdlovskaya Rail Road.
Station is located in the very center of the Tyumen city in 15 minutes walk south from the city hall. Station services suburban, intercity and international passenger traffic.

At the regional level the station services three directions to Ekaterinburg, to Omsk and to Tobolsk. Railroad to Ekaterinburg electrified since 1980.
Direct international passenger directions(Trans-Siberian Railway): Poland, Germany, China, Mongolia.

Additional stations within city territory: Tyumen North, Tyumen yard, Voynovka yard.

General Information:

• Traffic flow per year - over 10 million passengers.
• Platforms number - 4;
• Platform type - open
• Railway tracks number - 9

Tyumen Station Passenger Terminal Data:

• Open - 24/365
• Waiting rooms total capacity - 1500 passengers;
• Space of total - 8300 m2;
• Booking hall space - 1790 m2;
• Number of ticket windows - 11;
• Payment terminals - yes;
• Invalid carriages capable - yes;
• Security: regular police, armed guard, video surveillance, video recording

Buses

Urban transport:

Tyumen Central Market Bus Stop

Tyumen Public Transportation System as of 24 August 2009:

Number of routes - 131 (previous estimates April 2009 - 134; Jan. 2005 - 64)

• city routes - 84
• commuter routes - 47

Routes length of total - 2 131,80 km (valid until 1 September 2009)

Total Number of vehicles - 1152 (previous estimates April 2009 - 1207; Jan. 2008 - 880)

• fixed-run taxis - 608
• municipal route buses - 238
• private route buses - 306

The specific of Tyumen public transportation it that at the same time in town operating big municipal transport organization and numerous private holders include single buses owners. The private holders amount is over of 1/3 of total rote buses number in town. The private park mostly consist of old German route buses took off the lines in Germany due new regulations get in power. Municipal buses park is mostly of Russian origin. It was greatly upgraded during last 5 years and to the year 2008 about half of the municipal buses are new comfortable models suitable for transporting invalid carriages.

Suburban and intercity transport
Since 1972 in Tyumen operating Bus Station servicing suburban and intercity passenger traffic. Station was greatly extended in 2006-2008.

Air

Roschino International Airport of Tyumen

Tyumen is served by the international Roschino Airport located 13 km west of the city.

The airport has permit to handle with the following types of aircrafts: Tu-154, Tu-134, An-12, An-24, An-26, Yak-40, Yak-42, IL-18, L-410, B-737, B-757 IL-86, IL-76, ATR-42, ATR-72, HS-125.

The airport has permit to handle with all types of helicopters.

The airstrip is capable to handle with huge aircrafts such as An-22 Antaeus).

City has a regular service to the large number of Russian towns include such important as:

• Kaliningrad;
• Moscow (5 flights per day);
• Saint Petersburg;
• Samara.

There are also weekly or biweekly flights to the following international locations:

• Andijan (temporary canceled as of June 2009);
• Baku;
• Erevan;
• Khujand;
• Munich;
• Prague;
• Tashkent

Roads

Tyumen town has very difficult road scheme. The town is divided by Tura River Tyumneka River and Trans-Siberian Railroad, creating several isolated zones. Seven bridges, one footbridge, five flyovers, and five foot crossings connect these zones. In addition, the Tyumen Road network was planned before the fall of the Soviet Union and in its current state, it is capable to operate normally only in the scheme which includes public transportation only. Compact planning of city center prevents expansion of main roads; congestion coming from the city perephery moves slower and slower as it approaches the town center. To date, the road network is congested about 200% above capacity, which leads to numerous traffic jams and high accident rates.
Since 2002, city and regional authorities have undertaken numerous initiatives to improve Tyumen road network; due to growth of private automobile ownership, this all had only a short term effect. To date, a complex transport infrastructure reconstruction project is being directed by Regional Administration .

• The total length of the city roads - 925 km (Jan 2009) .
• The total number of the cars - 151 000 (Jan. 2008)

Education

Higher education

Tyumen is a town of students. The great boost to Tyumen Education development was given in the 1964 when the Tyumen Industrial Institute was founded to supply oil industry by qualified local workforce. Many academies of the different disciplines was founded in Tyumen since this date, and now the Higher Education is one of the major economic activities of the Tyumen town. There are over 10 academies, including three universities in the town and dozens of colleges. In the educational year of 2008-2009 the five largest Academies of Tyumen together had over 110,000 students.
Important note - most students are not counted in the city population since they are non-residents of the Tyumen city according to Russian law.

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  Tyumen State University HQ
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  Tyumen State Architectural University
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  Tyumen Oil and Gas University HQ
• 
  Tyumen Agricultural Academy

Secondary education

There are over one hundred secondary schools in Tyumen.

Libraries

File:Tyumen Scientific Libary General View May2010.jpg

Tyumen Scientific Library General View

There are about 50 public libraries in Tyumen. In addition there are several corporate libraries integrated into public libraries book exchange system. The Tyumen special is the Tyumen Regional Scientific Library after D.I. Mendeleev which has about 2 670 000 unic units of issue in its stock .

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Twin towns — Sister cities

Tyumen is twinned with:

• Berne, Switzerland (2007)
• Brest, Belarus (1999)
• Calgary, Canada
• Celle, Germany (1994)
• Daqing, People's Republic of China (1993)
• Houston, Texas, USA (1995)

Famous people

Natives of Tyumen

• Denis Abishev Player of the Russian national futsal team
• Irving Berlin American composer and lyricist
• Yevgeni Bushmanov Soviet and Russian football coach and a former player
• Sergey Fateev Russian television and radio journalist
• Yuri Aleksandrovich Gulyayev Russian opera singer
• Vasiliy Knyazev Soviet poet
• Vladislav Krapivin Russian children's books writer.
• Tamara Toumanova Ballerina and actress
• Lev Kropivnitskiy Russian painter non-conformist
• Anastasiya Kuzmina Biathlon Olympic 2010 Winner (as a citizen of Slovakia though)
• Viktor Leonenko Soviet Russian and Ukrainian footballer
• Vladilen Mashkovtsev Russian poet, writer and journalist
• Leonid Okunev Soviet and Russian film actor
• Nikolay Pereverzev Player of the Russian national futsal team
• Abraham Walkowitz American painter
• Anton Schipulin Biathlonist
• Grigoriy Sviyatvinda Russian movie and theater actor
• Dmitriy Shitikov Ice-hockey player

Other

• Georg Wilhelm Steller German botanist, zoologist, physician and explorer (died in Tyumen)

References

Notes

External links

• Media related to Maps of Tyumen at Wikimedia Commons
• Tyumen city administration
• Tyumen's catalogue
• Photos of Tyumen by Romuald A. Nagaev