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Süper Lig

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Süper Lig
Founded1959
Country Turkey
ConfederationUEFA (Europe)
Number of teams18
Level on pyramid1
Relegation to1.Lig
Domestic cup(s)Turkish Cup
Turkish Super Cup
International cup(s)Champions League
Europa League
Current championsBursaspor
(2009–10)
Most championships
Fenerbahçe
Galatasaray
(17 titles each)
TV partnersLig TV
Lig TV HD
WebsiteSüper Lig Template:Tr icon
Current: 2010–11 season

The Süper Lig is a Turkish professional league for association football clubs. It's the top-flight of the Turkish football league system. Eighteen clubs compete annually, where a champion is decided and three clubs are promoted and relegated to and from the 1.Lig. The season runs from August to May, with each club playing 34 matches. Matches are usually played on Saturdays and Sundays, although some matches take place on Friday or Monday. It is sponsored by Spor Toto and therefore officially known as the Spor Toto Süper Lig.[1]

The competition formed as the Milli Lig in 1958. It was the first national league competition held in Turkey. Previously, league competitions took place in a few cities, including Adana, Ankara, Eskişehir, Istanbul, Izmir, Kayseri, and Trabzon. It is currently ranked ninth in the UEFA coefficients of leagues based on performances in European competitions over the last five years.

A total of 66 clubs have competed in the Süper Lig, but only five have won the title: Beşiktaş (13), Bursaspor (1), Fenerbahçe (17), Galatasaray (17), and Trabzonspor (6). The current champions are Bursaspor, who won the 2009–10 season.

History

Football in Turkey stems back to the late 19th century, when Englishmen brought the game with them while living in Thessaloníki. The first league competition was the Istanbul Football League, which took place in 1904–05. The first champions were Imogene FC. The league went through several variations until the creation of the Milli Lig in 1959. Between the creation of the Istanbul Football League and Milli Lig, several other city leagues took place: Adana (1923), Ankara (1923), Eskişehir (1920), Izmir (1923), Kayseri (1936), and Trabzon (1923). The Milli Küme was the first step towards a national league competition. Started in 1937, the Milli Küme was an inter-city competition between clubs in Ankara, Istanbul, and İzmir. The competition lasted until 1950. The Federation Cup was created in 1956 and used as a cup competition to decide a champion. This champion would go on to participate in the European Cup. The cup competition was held for two years until it was replaced by the Milli Lig. Beşiktaş won both times, and represented twice Turkey in the European Cup during the two-year span.[2][3][4]

The top clubs from Ankara, Istanbul, and İzmir competed in the 1959 Milli Lig. The first season took place in the calendar year of 1959, instead of 1958-59, because the qualifying stages took place in 1958. The clubs who competed in the first season were Adalet, Beşiktaş, Beykoz, Fatih Karagümrük, Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray, Istanbulspor, Vefa (Istanbul), Ankaragücü, Ankara Demirspor, Gençlerbirliği, Hacettepe (Ankara), Altay, Göztepe, İzmirspor, Karşıyaka (İzmir). Five of these clubs are competing in the 2010–11 Süper Lig (Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray, Ankaragücü, and Gençlerbirliği). The first champions were Fenerbahçe and the first Gol Kralı (Goal King) was Metin Oktay. No clubs were promoted or relegated during the first season.[5]

The 2.Lig (Second League) was created at the start of the 1963–64 season and the Milli Lig became known as the 1.Lig (First League). Before the creation of a second league, the bottom three clubs competed with regional league winners in a competition called the Baraj Games. The top three teams of the seven team group were promoted to the Milli Lig. After the creation of a new second division in 2001, known as the 1.Lig, the formerly titled 1.Lig became the Süper Lig.[6]

Competition format

There are 18 clubs in the Süper Lig. During the course of the season (from August to May) each club plays the others twice (a double round robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 34 games. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then head-to-head record, then goal difference, and then goals scored. At the end of each season, the club with the most points is crowned champion. If points are equal, the head-to head record and then goal difference determine the winner. The three lowest placed teams are relegated to the 1.Lig and the top two teams from the 1.Lig, together with the winner of play-offs involving the third to sixth placed 1.Lig clubs, are promoted in their place.[7]

Qualification for European competitions

As of the start of the 2010–11 Süper Lig season qualification for European competitions is as follows: champions qualify for the group stage of the Champions League, runners-up qualify for the third qualifying round of the Champions League, third place qualifies for the third qualifying round of the Europa League, and fourth place qualifies for the second qualifying round of the same competition. A fifth spot is given to the winner of the Turkish Cup, who qualify for the play-off round of the Europa League. For example, clubs who are participating in European competitions for the 2010–11 season are Bursaspor (1st place), Fenerbahçe (2nd), Galatasaray (3rd), Beşiktaş (4th), and Trabzonspor (Turkish Cup winners). If the Turkish Cup winner has already qualified for European competition through their league finish, then the runners-up take their place in the play-off round. If the runners-up have also qualified, the next highest placed club in the league takes their place.

Clubs

The following 18 clubs will compete in the Süper Lig during the 2010–11 season.

Club
 Position
in 2009–10 		First season in
top division 		Number of seasons
in top division 		First season of
current spell in
top division 		Top division
titles 		Last top division title
Beşiktaşa, b 0044th 1959 53 1959 13 2008–09
Bucaspor 0202nd; 1.Lig 2010–11 1 2010–11 0 n/a
Bursaspor 0011st 1967–68 42 2006–07 1 2009–10
Eskişehirspor 0077th 1966–67 25 2008–09 0 n/a
Fenerbahçea, b 0022nd 1959 53 1959 17 2006–07
Galatasaraya, b 0033rd 1959 53 1959 17 2007–08
Gaziantepspor 01313th 1978–79 25 1990–91 0 n/a
Gençlerbirliğia 01010th 1959 39 1989–90 0 n/a
İstanbul B.B. 0066th 2007–08 4 2007–08 0 n/a
Karabukspor 0191st; 1.Lig 1993–94 4 2010–11 0 n/a
Kasımpaşa 01111th 1959-60 8 2009–10 0 n/a
Kayserispor 0088th 2004–05 7 2004–05 0 n/a
Konyaspor 0246th; 1.Lig 1988–89 12 2010–11 0 n/a
Manisaspor 01414th 2005–06 5 2009–10 0 n/a
MedicalPark Antalyaspor 0099th 1982-83 16 2008–09 0 n/a
MKE Ankaragücüa 01212th 1959 48 1981-82 0 n/a
Sivasspor 01515th 2005–06 6 2005–06 0 n/a
Trabzonsporb 0055th 1974–75 37 1974–75 6 1983–84
  • a: Founding member of the Süper Lig
  • b: Never been relegated from the Süper Lig

Past winners

Only five clubs have been champions since the beginning of the Super League in 1959: Fenerbahçe SK (17), Galatasaray SK (17), Beşiktaş J.K. (13), Trabzonspor (6), and Bursaspor (1).[9]

Year Winner Runner Up Third Place
1959 Fenerbahçe Galatasaray Vefa
1959–60 Beşiktaş Fenerbahçe Galatasaray
1960–61 Fenerbahçe Galatasaray Beşiktaş JK
1961–62 Galatasaray Fenerbahçe Beşiktaş
1962–63 Galatasaray Beşiktaş Fenerbahçe
1963–64 Fenerbahçe Beşiktaş Galatasaray
1964–65 Fenerbahçe Beşiktaş Galatasaray
1965–66 Beşiktaş Galatasaray Gençlerbirliği
1966–67 Beşiktaş Fenerbahçe Galatasaray
1967–68 Fenerbahçe Beşiktaş Galatasaray
1968–69 Galatasaray Eskişehirspor Beşiktaş
1969–70 Fenerbahçe Eskişehirspor Altay
1970–71 Galatasaray Fenerbahçe Göztepe
1971–72 Galatasaray Eskişehirspor Fenerbahçe
1972–73 Galatasaray Fenerbahçe Eskişehirspor
1973–74 Fenerbahçe Beşiktaş Boluspor
1974–75 Fenerbahçe Galatasaray Eskişehirspor
1975–76 Trabzonspor Fenerbahçe Galatasaray
1976–77 Trabzonspor Fenerbahçe Altay
1977–78 Fenerbahçe Trabzonspor Galatasaray
1978–79 Trabzonspor Galatasaray Fenerbahçe
1979–80 Trabzonspor Fenerbahçe Zonguldakspor
1980–81 Trabzonspor Adanaspor Galatasaray
1981–82 Beşiktaş Trabzonspor Fenerbahçe
1982–83 Fenerbahçe Trabzonspor Galatasaray
1983–84 Trabzonspor Fenerbahçe Galatasaray
1984–85 Fenerbahçe Beşiktaş Trabzonspor
1985–86 Beşiktaş Galatasaray Samsunspor
1986–87 Galatasaray Beşiktaş Samsunspor
1987–88 Galatasaray Beşiktaş Malatyaspor
1988–89 Fenerbahçe Beşiktaş Galatasaray
1989–90 Beşiktaş Fenerbahçe Trabzonspor
1990–91 Beşiktaş Galatasaray Trabzonspor
1991–92 Beşiktaş Fenerbahçe Galatasaray
1992–93 Galatasaray Beşiktaş Trabzonspor
1993–94 Galatasaray Fenerbahçe Trabzonspor
1994–95 Beşiktaş Trabzonspor Galatasaray
1995–96 Fenerbahçe Trabzonspor Beşiktaş
1996–97 Galatasaray Beşiktaş Fenerbahçe
1997–98 Galatasaray Fenerbahçe Trabzonspor
1998–99 Galatasaray Beşiktaş Fenerbahçe
1999–00 Galatasaray Beşiktaş Gaziantepspor
2000–01 Fenerbahçe Galatasaray Gaziantepspor
2001–02 Galatasaray Fenerbahçe Beşiktaş
2002–03 Beşiktaş Galatasaray Gençlerbirliği
2003–04 Fenerbahçe Trabzonspor Beşiktaş
2004–05 Fenerbahçe Trabzonspor Galatasaray
2005–06 Galatasaray Fenerbahçe Beşiktaş
2006–07 Fenerbahçe Beşiktaş Galatasaray
2007–08 Galatasaray Fenerbahçe Beşiktaş
2008–09 Beşiktaş Sivasspor Trabzonspor
2009–10 Bursaspor Fenerbahçe Galatasaray

Star rating system

On permits clubs to place a golden star above their crest on their uniforms for every five national championships won. For the 2010/11 season Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray are permitted three golden stars, Beşiktaş are permitted two golden stars and Trabzonspor are permitted one golden star to be placed above their crest on their jerseys.[10]

Team/stars Championships Years won
Galatasaray
 17 1962, 1963, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1987, 1988, 1993, 1994, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2008
Fenerbahçe
 17 1959, 1961, 1964, 1965, 1968, 1970, 1974, 1975, 1978, 1983, 1985, 1989, 1996, 2001, 2004, 2005, 2007
Beşiktaş
 13 1957 , 1958 ,1960, 1966, 1967, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1995, 2003, 2009
Trabzonspor
 6 1976, 1977, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1984
Bursaspor
 1 2010

*NOTE: The Turkish Football Federation recognizes Besiktas as having won 13 titles. The Turkish Football Federation website states that championships won by Besiktas in 1956-1957 and 1957-1958 are counted as league championships and the TFF officially recognizes the total number of league championships as being two greater than the total number of league seasons as explained at the bottom of the referenced official TFF webpage.[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ "New Sponsor". SuperLigNews.com. Retrieved 2010-08-09.
  2. ^ Sivritepe, Erdinç Before the Turkish leagues turkish-soccer.com, accessed 22 July 2010
  3. ^ Sivritepe, Erdinç Federation Cup 56/57 turkish-soccer.com, accessed 22 July 2010
  4. ^ Sivritepe, Erdinç Federation Cup 57/58 turkish-soccer.com, accessed 22 July 2010
  5. ^ Sivritepe, Erdinç 1959 Milli Lig turkish-soccer.com, accessed 22 July 2010
  6. ^ Sivritepe, Erdinç 1963-1964 1. Lig turkish-soccer.com, accessed 22 July 2010
  7. ^ Official TFF competition rules
  8. ^ UEFA Country Ranking 2011 kassiesa.com, accessed 22 July 2010
  9. ^ www.sportotosuperlig.org
  10. ^ Kárpáti, Tamás (21 May 2010). "Turkey- List of champions". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  11. ^ "TFF championships".

External links

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