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1910s

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Model T FordR.M.S. TitanicWorld War ISpanish fluWestern Front (World War I)Eastern Front (World War I)October RevolutionBattle of the Somme
From left, clockwise: The Model T Ford is introduced and becomes widespread; The sinking of the R.M.S. Titanic causes the deaths of nearly 1,500 people and attracts global and historical attention; Title bar: All the events below are part of World War I (1914–1918); French Army lookout at his observation post in 1917; Russian troops awaiting a German attack; A ration party of the Royal Irish Rifles in a communication trench during the Battle of the Somme; Vladimir Lenin addresses a crowd in the midst of the October Revolution of 1917; A flu pandemic in 1918 kills tens of millions worldwide.
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The 1910s was the decade that started on January 1, 1910 and ended on December 31, 1919. It was the second decade of the 20th century.

The 1910s represented the culmination of European militarism which had its beginnings during the second half of the nineteenth century. The conservative lifestyles during the first half of the decade, as well as the legacy of military alliances, was forever changed by the assassination, on June 28, 1914, of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne. The murder triggered a chain of events in which, within 30 days, World War I broke out in Europe. The conflict dragged on until a truce was declared on November 10, 1918, leading to the controversial, one-sided Treaty of Versailles, which was signed on June 28, 1919.

The war's end triggered the abdication of aging monarchies and the collapse of the last modern empires of Russia, Germany, the Ottomans and Austria-Hungary, with the latter splintered into Austria, Hungary, southern Poland (who acquired most of their land in a war with Soviet Russia), Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, as well as the unification of Romania with Transylvania and Moldavia. However, each of these states (with the possible exception of Yugoslavia) had large German and Hungarian minorities, there creating some unexpected problems that would be brought to light in the next two decades. (See Dissolution of Austro-Hungrarian Empire: Successor States for better description of composition of names of successor countries/states following the splinter.)

The decade was also a period of revolution in a number of countries. The Mexican Revolution spear-headed the trend in November 1910, which led to the ousting of dictator Porfirio Diaz, developing into a civil war that dragged on until mid-1920, not long after a new Mexican Constitution was signed and ratified. Russia also had a similar fate, since World War I led to a collapse in morale as well as to economic chaos. This atmosphere encouraged the establishment of Bolshevism, which was later renamed as communism. Like the Mexican Revolution, the Russian Revolution of 1917, known as the October Revolution, immediately turned to Russian Civil War that dragged until approximately late 1920.

Much of the music in these years was ballroom-themed. Many of the fashionable restaurants were equipped with dance floors. Prohibition in the United States began January 16, 1919, with the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S.Constitution.

Politics and wars

Wars

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World War I

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  • Wadai War (1909–1911)
  • Balkan Wars (1912–1913) – two wars that took place in South-eastern Europe in 1912 and 1913.

Internal conflicts

Major political changes

File:1919-Trotsky Lenin Kamenev-Party-Congress.jpg
Trotsky, Vladimir Lenin and Kamenev at the Second Party Congress of the Communist Party of Russia in 1919.

Decolonization and independence

Assassinations

Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

The 1910s were marked by several notable assassinations:

Disasters

Sinking of the Titanic.
  • The RMS Titanic, a British ocean liner which was the largest and most elegant ship at that time, strikes an iceberg and sinks in the North Atlantic during its maiden voyage on 15th April 1912. One thousand, five hundred, seventeen people (1517) people perished in the disaster.
  • From 1918 through 1920, the Spanish flu killed 20 to 100 million people worldwide.
  • In 1916, the Netherlands is hit by a North Sea storm that floods the lowlands and kills 10,000 people.

Other significant international events

Science and technology

Technology

British World War I Mark V tank

Science

Economics

Sports

Literature and arts

See also: List of years in literature § 1910s

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Visual Arts

See also: Armory Show and History of painting

The 1913 Armory Show in New York City was a seminal event in the history of Modern Art. Innovative contemporaneous artists from Europe and the United States exhibited together in a massive group exhibition in New York City, and Chicago.

Art movements

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Other movements and techniques

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People

World leaders

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Entertainers

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Influential artists

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Sports figures

Baseball

See also: History of baseball in the United States

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Olympics

See also: Art competitions at the Olympic Games

Boxing

See also

Timeline

The following articles contain brief timelines which list the most prominent events of the decade:

1910 • 1911 • 1912 • 1913 • 1914 • 1915 • 1916 • 1917 • 1918 • 1919

References

  1. ^ Dictionary of Genocide, by Samuel Totten, Paul Robert Bartrop, Steven L. Jacobs, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008, ISBN 0-313-34642-9, p. 19
  2. ^ Intolerance: a general survey, by Lise Noël, Arnold Bennett, 1994, ISBN 0773511873, p. 101
  3. ^ Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society, by Richard T. Schaefer, 2008, p. 90
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