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IPv6 deployment

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For Wikipedia's deployment of IPv6, see Wikipedia:WikiProject IPv6 Readiness.

Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) is the next generation of the Internet Protocol that is in various stages of deployment on the Internet. It was designed as a replacement for the current version, IPv4, that has been in use since 1982 and is in the final stages of exhausting its unallocated address space.

In December 2008, despite marking its 10th anniversary as a Standards Track protocol, IPv6 still accounted for a minuscule fraction of the used addresses and the traffic in the publicly accessible Internet which is still dominated by IPv4.[1] A study by Google, reported in November 2008,[2] indicated that penetration was still less than one percent of Internet traffic in any country. The leaders were Russia (0.76%), France (0.65%), Ukraine (0.64%), Norway (0.49%), and the United States (0.45%). Although Asia led in terms of absolute deployment numbers, the relative penetration was smaller (e.g., China: 0.24%).

In October 2011, 263 (85%) of the 294 top-level domains (TLDs) in the Internet supported IPv6 to access their domain name servers, and 234 (76%) zones contained IPv6 glue records, and approximately 3.4 million domains (3%) had IPv6 address records in their zones. Of all networks in the global BGP routing table, 12% have IPv6 protocol support.[3]

By 2011 all major operating systems in use on personal computers and server systems had production-quality IPv6 implementations.[4] Microsoft Windows has supported IPv6 since Windows 2000, and in production-ready state beginning with Windows XP. Windows Vista and later have improved IPv6 support.[5] Mac OS X Panther (10.3), Linux 2.6, FreeBSD, and Solaris also have mature production implementations. Some implementations of the BitTorrent peer-to-peer file transfer protocol make use of IPv6 to avoid NAT issues common for IPv4 private networks.[6]

Cellular telephone systems present a large deployment field for Internet Protocol devices as mobile telephone service is making the transition from 3G to "next-generation" 4G technologies, in which voice is provisioned as a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) service. This mandates the use of IPv6 for such networks. In 2009 U.S. cellular operator Verizon released technical specifications for devices to operate on its "next-generation" networks.[7] The specification mandates IPv6 operation according to the 3GPP Release 8 Specifications (March 2009), and deprecates IPv4 as an optional capability.[7]

In the early 2000s, governments increasingly required support for IPv6 in new equipment. The U.S. government, for example, specified in 2005 that the network backbones of all federal agencies had to be upgraded to IPv6 by June 30, 2008; this was completed before the deadline.[8][9][10][11] The government of People's Republic of China implemented a five-year plan for deployment of IPv6 called the China Next Generation Internet (see below).

Major providers of Internet services, both ISPs and content providers, also began to implement IPv6 access into their products.[12]

Deployment evaluation tools

Number of IPv6 prefixes and AS on the Internet since 2003.
Monthly IPv6 allocations per RIR.

A global view into the growing IPv6 routing tables can be obtained with the SixXS Ghost Route Hunter.[13] This tool provides a list of all allocated IPv6 prefixes and marks with colors the ones that are actually being announced into the Internet BGP tables. When a prefix is announced, it means that the ISP at least can receive IPv6 packets for their prefix.

The integration of IPv6 on existing network infrastructures current at any time can also be monitored from other sources, for example:

IPv6 testing, evaluation, and certification

A few organizations are involved with international IPv6 test and evaluation, ranging from the United States Department of Defense to the University of New Hampshire.

Major milestones

Year Major development and availability milestones
1996 Alpha quality IPv6 support in Linux kernel development version 2.1.8.[17]
6bone (an IPv6 virtual network for testing) is started.
1997 By the end of 1997 IBM's AIX 4.3 is the first commercial platform supporting IPv6.[18][19]
Also in 1997, Early Adopter Kits for DEC's operating systems, Tru64 and OpenVMS, are made available.[20]
1998 Microsoft Research[21] releases its first experimental IPv6 stack. This support is not intended for use in a production environment.
1999 In February, the IPv6 Forum[22] is founded by the IETF Deployment WG to drive deployment worldwide. This results in the creation of regional and local IPv6 Task Forces.
2000 Production-quality BSD support for IPv6 becomes generally available in early to mid-2000 in FreeBSD, OpenBSD, and NetBSD via the KAME project.[23]
Microsoft releases an IPv6 technology preview version for Windows 2000 in March 2000.[21]
Sun Solaris supports IPv6 in Solaris 8 in February.[24]
Compaq ships IPv6 with Tru64.[20]
2001 In January, Compaq ships IPv6 with OpenVMS.[20]
Cisco Systems introduces IPv6 support on Cisco IOS routers and L3 switches.[25]
HP introduces IPv6 with HP-UX 11i v1.[26]
On April 23, 2001, the European Commission launches the European IPv6 Task Force[27]
2002 Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000 SP1 have limited IPv6 support for research and testing since at least 2002.
Microsoft Windows XP (2001) supports IPv6 for developmental purposes. In Windows XP SP1 (2002) and Windows Server 2003, IPv6 is included as a core networking technology, suitable for commercial deployment.[28]
IBM z/OS supports IPv6 since version 1.4 (general availability in September 2002).[29]
2003 Apple Mac OS X v10.3 "Panther" (2003) supports IPv6 which is enabled by default.[30]
2004 In July, ICANN announces that IPv6 address records for the Japan (jp) and Korea (kr) country code top-level domain nameservers are visible in the DNS root server zone files with serial number 2004072000. The IPv6 records for France (fr) are added later. This makes IPv6 DNS publicly operational.
2005 Linux 2.6.12 removes experimental status from its IPv6 implementation.[31]
2007 Microsoft Windows Vista (2007) supports IPv6 which is enabled by default.[28]
Apple's AirPort Extreme 802.11n base station includes an IPv6 gateway in its default configuration. It uses 6to4 tunneling and manually configured static tunnels.[32] (Note: 6to4 was disabled by default in later firmware revisions.)
2008 On February 4, 2008, IANA adds AAAA records for the IPv6 addresses of six root name servers.[33][34] With this transition, it is now possible to resolve domain names using only IPv6.
On March 12, 2008, IETF does an hour long IPv4 blackout at its meeting as an opportunity to capture informal experience data to inform protocol design work going forward;[35] this led to many fixes in operating systems and applications.
On May 27, 2008, the European Commission publish their Action Plan for the deployment of Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) in Europe, with the aim of making IPv6 available to 25% of European users by 2010.[36]
2011 On June 8, 2011 the Internet Society together with several other big companies and organizations held World IPv6 Day, a global 24 hour test of IPv6.[37][38]
2012 On June 6, 2012 the Internet Society together with many other big companies and organizations held World IPv6 Launch Day, a global permanent deployment of IPv6.[39][40]

Deployment by country

Australia

  • AARNet completed network AARNet 3, a high-speed network connecting academic and research customers in the major metropolitan centres, with international links to major ISPs in the US, Asia, and Europe. One of the design goals was to support both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols equally. It also supports multicast routing and jumbo frames.[41]
  • IPv6 Now Pty Ltd introduced the first[42] commercial-grade IPv6 tunnel broker service in Australia on April 30, 2008. Also, in June 2008, IPv6Now introduced the first dual stacked (IPv4 & IPv6) web hosting service.[43]
  • Internode is the first commercial ISP in Australia to have full IPv6 connectivity and make IPv6 available to customers.[44] The availability to customers was officially announced to Whirlpool on July 18, 2008.[45]
  • The Victorian State Government granted A$350,000 to establish an IPv6 testbed network (VIC6) freely available to industry to evaluate their IPv6 products and strategies.[46]
  • Telstra announced on 5 September 2011 that their backbone network was fully double-stacked and that they had commenced providing its enterprise, government and wholesale customers with IPv6 connectivity, and helping customers through the transition.[47]

Belgium

Canada

  • Fibrenoire, a Canadian Metro Ethernet fibre network operating in Quebec and Ontario, has been providing native IPv6 connectivity since 2009.
  • Peer 1 has provided IPv6 backbone to Canadian data centres since 2011.
  • TekSavvy has deployed their own IPv6 network to customers as a Beta.
  • Videotron has deployed their own IPv6 network to customers as a beta service

China

The China Next Generation Internet (CNGI, 中国下一代互联网) project is a five-year plan initiated by the Chinese government with the purpose of gaining a significant position in the development of the Internet through the early adoption of IPv6. China showcased CNGI's IPv6 infrastructure during the 2008 Summer Olympic Games, being the first time a major world event has had a presence on the IPv6 Internet (at http://ipv6.beijing2008.cn/en). At the time of the event, it was believed that the Olympics provided the largest showcase of IPv6 technology since the inception of IPv6.[50] The deployment of IPv6 was widespread in all related applications, from data networking and camera transmissions for sporting events, to civil applications, such as security cameras and taxis. The events were streamed live over the Internet and networked cars were able to monitor traffic conditions readily, all network operations of the Games being conducted using IPv6.[51]

Also, the CERNET (China Education and Research NETwork, 中国教育和科研计算机网, 教育网) set up native IPv6 (CERNET2), and since then many academic institutions in China joined CERNET2 for IPv6 connectivity. CERNET-2 is probably the widest deployment of IPv6 in China. It is managed and operated jointly by 25 universities.[52] Students in Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, for example, get native IPv6.[53][54]

Finland

  • FICORA (Finnish Communications Regulatory Authority), the NIC for the .fi top level domain, has added IPv6 address to DNS servers, and allows entering IPv6 address when registering domains.[55] The registration service domain.fi for new domains is also available over IPv6.
  • Nebula, a Finnish ISP offers IPv6 access since 2007[56]

France

  • AFNIC, the NIC for (among others) the .fr Top Level Domain, has implemented IPv6 operations.[57]
  • Renater, the French national academical network, is offering IPv6 connectivity including multicast support to their members.
  • Free, a major French ISP, rolled-out IPv6 at end of year 2007.[58]
  • Nerim, a small ISP, provides native IPv6 for all its clients since March 2003.[59]
  • Orange: official support could be gone during 2013 -2014.[60][61][failed verification]
  • OVH has implemented IPv6.[62]
  • FDN, a small associative ISP, has been providing native IPv6 since November 2008.[63]
  • SFR in beta since 2011[64][65][66]
  • Numericable since 2012 with a spefic subscription[67][68]
  • Bouygues Telecom may be in the end 2012 [69]

Germany

  • M-net, a regional carrier and ISP, offers an IPv6 PoP and native IPv6 (currently beta, add @v6.mnet-online.de to your username) for their customers.
  • The 6WIN backbone network by the JOIN Team offers full native IPv6 support for their participants. Many scientific networks in Germany, like the Munich Scientific Network (MWN)[70] operated by Leibniz-Rechenzentrum, are connected to this network.
  • According to a list maintained by the SiXXS project, there are about seven providers who offer native IPv6 or combined native IPv6/native IPv4-connectivity over the T-DSL network at the end of 2009.

Hungary

In Hungary Externet was the first ISP starting deploying IPv6 on its network in 2008 August.[71] The service was commercially available since 2009 May.[72][73]

Magyar Telekom was running tests on its production environments since the beginning of 2009. Free customer trials started on November 2, 2009 for those on ADSL or Fiber Optic.[74][75] Customers are given a /128 via DHCP-ND unless they register their DUID in which case they receive a /56 - using a static configuration results in a single /64.

According to information on telecompaper.com,[76] UPC Hungary will start deploying IPv6 in mid 2013, finishing it in 2013.

So far no other Hungarian ISP offers IPv6 connectivity.

India

  • Department of Telecommunications, of Government of India is running a program for adoption of IPv6 in the Government network.
  • TEC (Telecommunication Engineering Center) is writing specification for IPv6 certification.
  • Sify Technologies Limited,[77] a private Internet service provider, rolled out IPv6 in 2005.[78] Sify has a dual-stack network that supports commercial services on IPv6 transport for its enterprise customers.[78] Sify is a sponsored member of 6Choice, a project by India-Europe cooperation to promote IPv6 adoption.[79] Sify is the first to launch a dual-stack commercial portal http://sify.com.[80] Users were notified about the version of IP they use when they are accessing the front-page.
  • ERNET - The Indian Education and Research Network, Department of Electronics & IT, Government of India is providing dual stack networks from 2006 onwards and has been part of many EU funded initiative such as 6Choice, 6lowpan, Myfire, GEANT etc. ERNET's own websites and those hosted of other organisations are all running on dual stack. ERNET provides Consultancy and Turnkey project Implementation to organisations migrating to IPv6 along with fulfilling their Training needs. ERNET is setting up an IPv6 central facility aimed at system and network administrators to provide hands-on training in the use and configuration of web, mail, proxy, DNS and other such servers on IPv6.

Japan

  • Telecommunications company NTT announces itself as the world's first ISP to offer public availability of IPv6 services in March 2000.[81]

Luxembourg

  • RESTENA, the national research and education network, has been running IPv6 for a number of years. It is connected to the European GEANT2 network. In addition, it runs one of the country Internet exchanges, which supports IPv6 peering.[82] RESTENA also runs the .lu top level domain, which also supports IPv6.[83]
  • P&T Luxembourg, main telecom and Internet service providers, has announced they have production quality IPv6 connectivity since January 2009, with the first professional customers being connected as of September 2009.[84] Deployment of IPv6 to residential customers is expected to take place in 2010.[85]

Netherlands

  • SURFnet, maintainer of the Dutch academical network SURFnet, introduced IPv6 to its network 1997, in the beginning using IPv6-to-IPv4 tunnels. Its backbone is entirely running dual-stack, supporting both native IPv4 and IPv6 to most of its users.[86]
  • XS4All is a major Dutch ISP. In 2002 XS4All was the first Dutch broadband provider to introduce IPv6 to its network,[87] but it has only been experimental. In May 2009 the provider provided the first native IPv6 DSL connections.[88] As of August 2010 native IPv6 DSL connections became available to almost all their customers.[89] Since June 2012 native IPv6 is enabled by default for all new customers.[90]
  • Business-orientated Internet provider BIT BV has been providing IPv6 to all their customers (DSL, FTTH, colocated) since 2004.[91]
  • SixXS has two private Dutch founders and has been partnering with IPv6 Internet service providers in many countries to provide IPv6 connectivity via IP tunnels to users worldwide since 2000. It started out as IPng.nl with a predominantly Dutch user base and reorganized as SixXS to be able to reach users internationally and be diversified in ISP support.[92] SixXS also provides various other related services and software which contributed significantly to IPv6 adoption and operation globally.
  • Business ISP Introweb provides an IPv6-only 8 Mbit/s ADSL connection for 6 euro per month to 100 customers as a pilot, both for companies to learn how to adapt to IPv6 as for themselves in working on a fully IPv6 enabled network.[93][94]
  • Signet is the first ISP in the country which provides IPv6 connectivity together with IPv4 on multiple national fiber networks (Eurofiber, Glasvezel Eindhoven, BRE, Glasnet Veghel, Ziggo, and Fiber Port).[95]
  • Most Dutch hosting companies, including the biggest one, Leaseweb, support IPv6, but customers by default get only IPv4 address.
  • Several government sites (such as Rijksoverheid.nl) are available via IPv6.[96]
  • On July 13. 2010, native IPv6 over UMTS/GPRS was successfully tested in Belgium and The Netherlands within a vehicle platform as an Intelligent transportation system solution. The test was performed both in gsm and in tethering mode using a Nokia smart-phone. This test was performed by Logica Netherlands within the SPITS project,[97] in cooperation with Mobistar Belgium.[48]

New Zealand

Surveys conducted by the New Zealand IPv6 Task Force indicate that awareness of IPv6 has reached a near universal level among New Zealand’s large public and private sector organisations, with adoption mostly occurring as part of normal network refresh cycles. Most of New Zealand's ISP and carrier community have a test environment for IPv6 and many are now bringing IPv6 products and services on-stream.[98] An increasing number of New Zealand Government websites are available over IPv6, including the Ministry of Defence (New Zealand), Ministry for Primary Industries (New Zealand), Ministry of Social Development and the Department of Internal Affairs.

  • Massey University has enabled IPv6 on its border and core campus routers. Its central network services, including DNS, external email and NTP are also enabled. Massey’s main website is IPv6-enabled and remote login to some servers and network equipment also support IPv6 for systems administration and networking staff.
  • IPv6 has been enabled on 15 websites hosted at Tauranga City Council (TCC). Changes to equipment on the Council’s internal LAN have also been made to enable IPV6. Some internal networks across the organisation have been enabled for IPv6, and dual-stack technology is being used to enable both IPv4 and IPv6 use. A number of internal servers and client devices communicate via IPv6, and a teredo relay and 6to4 relay ensure users using these two transition technologies are well served when accessing IPV6 addresses.
  • The University of Auckland IT Services team has partially deployed IPv6, in collaboration with the Science Faculty and the Computer Science Department. It has IPv6 connectivity via KAREN and its commercial ISP. Computer Science is fully dual-stacked; IPv6 has been used in undergraduate laboratory assignments and for post-graduate projects.
  • New Zealand data centre and Internet services firm Unleash provides native, wholesale and business grade IPv6 transit nationwide, as well as operating both 6to4 and Teredo relays on its network.
  • KAREN, New Zealand’s R&E network, is an IPv6 native network and has provided IPv6 as a standard service offering to its members since 2006.
  • Auckland-based ISP WorldxChange Communications has had dual-stack since 2008. It has started providing residential customers with dual (IPv4 and IPv6) service using DHCPv6, on a trial basis.[99]
  • Government Technology Services, a business group of the Department of Internal Affairs (DIA), has an IPv6 website as a proof of concept to demonstrate how New Zealand government websites can be made accessible to the IPv6 Internet. Government Technology Services has also set up an IPv6 address schema.[clarification needed]
  • South Island-based Internet Service Provider Snap Internet provides native IPv6 connectivity for all its customers. Its network is fully IPv6-enabled, with the IPv6 service running alongside Snap’s normal IPv4 connectivity.
  • New Zealand Internet Backbone Provider FX Networks offers native IPv6 support for its customers. It is a full production service with parallel dual stack support for both IPv4 and IPv6. FX also supports IPv6 transport on its private IP enterprise WAN service.
  • Palmerston North-based ISP Inspire Net has had native IPv6 transit since late-2009.
  • Internet Service Provider DTS's transit, managed and hosting services are fully IPv6 capable.
  • Trans-Tasman service provider Vocus Communications offers full dual-stack IP transit services.

Philippines

The government is in process of upgrading its facilities. Globe Telecom has already set in motion the transition of its core IP network to IPv6, noting that it is now fully prepared even as the Internet runs out of IPv4 addresses. Globe claims it is the first local telecommunication company to test IPv6 with Department of Science and Technology (Philippines). In some cases, like test networks or users, IPv6 or both maybe present.[100]

Poland

Romania

  • As of June 2012, the ISP named RCS&RDS offers dual stack IPv4/IPv6 PPPoE services to current home users using modern versions of Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux and other IPv6-ready devices.[104] More than 1 million RCS & RDS residential customers can now use native IPv6 on a dual stack PPPoE connection and 20% already do.

Sweden

Operators offering native IPv6 access for business clients and collocation customers include:

Switzerland

United Kingdom

  • JANET, the UK's education and research network, introduced IPv6 unicast support into its service level agreement in 2008.[106] Several major UK universities (e.g., Cambridge) upgraded their campus routing infrastructure to provide IPv6 unicast support to their users.
  • Andrews & Arnold launched a native (non-tunneled) IPv6 service in October 2005[107] and offer IPv6 by default [108]
  • The UK Government started to replace much of its Government Secure Intranet (a Wide Area Network) with a new Public Services Network (PSN) in late 2009. The aspiration was to deploy using IPv6 and support IPv4.[109] The implementation is based on IPv4 but suppliers must be capable of supporting IPv6.[110]

United States

  • Comcast, a cable Internet provider, started IPv6 pilot market deployment in 2011.[111][112]
  • As with IPv4, the Department of Defense holds a larger IPv6 allocation than any other entity, a /13 block, enough to create almost 9 trillion (9×1012) local area networks, and 64 times as many as the next largest entity.[113]
  • Hurricane Electric (AS6939),[114] a Fremont, California Internet backbone and colocation provider, was an early IPv6 adopter and maintains a native IPv6 backbone and as of 2008 was one of the largest IPv6 connectivity and hosting providers in the United States. It was the first IPv6 backbone operator in the world to reach 200 IPv6 BGP adjacencies. Through its IPv6 tunnel broker service,[115] Hurricane also provides free IPv6 connectivity to users in the United States and in several other countries.
  • Sonic.net, a Santa Rosa, California-based Internet provider, offers partial support for IPv6. They assign a /60 to any customer requesting address space and deliver the IPv6 packets over a 6in4 tunnel. The RDNS authoritative servers for the assigned IPv6 space do answer IPv6 requests, but the recursive DNS servers provided for customer use are IPv4-only.[116]
  • AT&T started testing their networks with IPv6 in 2006[117] and started rolling out IPv6 to customers with compatible CPEs in Q4 2011.[118]
  • Time Warner Cable was conducting IPv6 trials for their customers from September 2011.[119]
  • T-Mobile is performing a beta test of IPv6 service to select mobile handsets [120]
  • U.S. Department of Education (ED) becomes the first cabinet-level agency to deploy IPv6 on its DNS services across its 17 .gov domains on August 5, 2012.[121]
  • Google Fiber launched with IPv6 support in 2012 although is very limited on where they are available

Other countries

  • Bulgaria has constructed a research center to study the possibilities of adopting IPv6 in the country. The center is to operate alongside another facility, which is equipped with an IBM Blue Gene/P supercomputer.[122]
  • Algeria AnwarNet (www.anwarnet.dz); AfriNIC has allocated range of IPv6 address space to AnwarNet. AnwarNet started the IPV6 services in 2011.

Events

World IPv6 Day

Main article: World IPv6 Day

The Internet Society promoted June 8, 2011, as "World IPv6 Day".[123] The event was described as a "test drive" for full IPv6 rollouts.[124]

World IPv6 Launch

The Internet Society declared June 6, 2012 to be the date for "World IPv6 Launch", with participating major websites enabling IPv6 permanently, participating ISPs offering IPv6 connectivity,[125] and participating router manufacturers offering devices enabled for IPv6 by default.[125][126]
Wikimedia could use IPv6 since this date.[127][128][129]

See also

References

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