Christian Bale
Christian Bale | |
|---|---|
| File:Szenenbild 03 518x700.jpg Christian Bale as Batman | |
| Born | January 30, 1974 |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Spouse | Sibi Blazic |
Christian Charles Philip Bale (born January 30, 1974) (also known professionally as Christian Morgan Bale) is a Welsh-born English actor, most famous for his turn as American psycho Patrick Bateman, Grammaton Cleric John Preston and the masked vigilante Batman, as well as his versatility as an actor. He is known for his skill in mimicking accents, and has developed different ones for many of his films. His harsh regimens of shedding and gaining weight for The Machinist and Batman Begins earned him recognition as a dedicated performer.
Bale first caught the public eye when cast in the starring role of Steven Spielberg's Empire of the Sun at the age of 13. Since then, he has portrayed a wide range of characters and remains a powerful cult figure. Before he found success in playing Batman, he was heavily involved in independent film.
Personal life
Christian Bale was born in Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire, Wales to English parents, late businessman David Bale and circus performer Jenny James. Bale spent his childhood in a variety of countries including the United Kingdom, Portugal, and the United States. He has three older sisters—Erin Bale, a musician; Sharon Bale, a computer professional; and Louise Bale, a theatre actress and director. Like his father, Bale is known as a conservationist and an animal lover, and is a supporter of conservation and animal welfare groups like Greenpeace and the World Wildlife Fund.[1] Bale is feminist activist Gloria Steinem’s stepson by his father’s marriage to her in 2000 before his death in 2003.
On January 29, 2000, Bale married independent film producer Sibi Blazic (formerly a model, makeup artist, and personal assistant of Winona Ryder). He now lives with her in Los Angeles. Together they have a daughter who was born on March 27, 2005 in Los Angeles. Bale, notoriously private, has not publicly divulged her name.
Bale is especially noted for his status as a cult icon. The 10th Anniversary issue of Entertainment Weekly crowned him as one of the Top 8 Most Powerful Cult Figures of the past decade, citing his incredible cult status on the Internet. Entertainment Weekly also called Bale one of the Most Creative People in Entertainment after his performance in American Psycho. Bale’s fans refer to themselves as “Baleheads”.
Career
Bale’s father was the driving force behind Bale’s early years as an actor. He quit his job as a commercial pilot to manage his son’s burgeoning career.[1] Bale’s first foray into acting was a Lenor commercial in 1982, when he was 8.[1] He appeared in a Pac-Man cereal commercial playing a child rock star a year later.[2] In 1984, he made his stage debut in the West End play The Nerd, aside Rowan Atkinson.[3]
1986-1994
He appeared in his first film in the made-for-television film Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna in 1986, which was followed by leading roles in the miniseries Heart of the Country and the fantasy adventure Mio in the Land of Faraway, which saw him working for the first time with Christopher Lee.
His breakthrough came in 1987 when he won the role of Jim Ballard in Steven Spielberg's Empire of the Sun, a performance which he received notice for. It earned him widespread critical praise and the first ever Best Performance by a Juvenile Actor Award from the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures (the Broad created the award specially for him). The attention the press and his schoolmates lavished upon him after this took a toll on Bale, and he contemplated giving up acting, until Kenneth Branagh approached and persuaded him to appear in Henry V in 1989.[1]
In 1990, he starred with Charlton Heston, Oliver Reed and, for a second time, Christopher Lee in a television adaptation of Robert Louis Stevenson’s Treasure Island. In 1991, he starred in another television adaptation, this time of John le Carré’s A Murder of Quality. His next big-screen outing was the lead role in Newsies, a family musical based on The Newsboys Strike of the 1890s. For his role, Bale trained for ten weeks in dancing and martial arts.[4] Regardless, Newsies was completely unprofitable for Walt Disney Pictures, costing US$15,000,000 to produce and earning just shy of $US3,000,000. It was nominated for Worst Picture in the 1992 Golden Raspberry Awards.
Following Newsies, he starred in Swing Kids, a film about swing music in Nazi Germany as counterculture, and a retelling of Hamlet, Prince of Jutland, neither of which garnered him the acclaim he found in Empire of the Sun.
1994-1999
Bale was handpicked by Winona Ryder for a part in the 1994 adaptation of Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women. The film was warmly received by critics, and was a considerable success at the box office. Subsequently, Bale voiced the character of Thomas in the 1995 Disney animated film Pocahontas. Thomas was an ally to John Smith in Pocahontas, a characterization Bale would later defy in The New World where he would play tobacconist John Rolfe, Smith’s rival for Pocahontas’ affections.
He had minor parts in 1996’s The Secret Agent and The Portrait of a Lady before taking on his fifth lead role in Metroland as Chris, a young family man whose suppressed hellion lifestyle was re-incited by the resurgence of an old flame, forcing him to seriously consider keeping his present idyllic lifestyle or reverting to his carefree, hedonistic ways. Metroland received mixed reviews; Bale’s performance polarized critics, some praising it[5][6] while others agreed it to be passable but unspectacular.[7][8]
In 1998, Bale starred with Jonathan Rhys Meyers and Ewan McGregor in Velvet Goldmine, a film based on David Bowie’s concept album, The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars. Meyers made his feature debut as Brian Slade, an over-the-top glam rock icon, and Bale played Arthur Stuart, a journalist who reflected on his own past while researching Slade intensively for an article. Despite the subtler nature of his role compared to Meyers and McGregor’s, Bale was commended for his expressiveness.[9][10] The film itself received unfavorable comparisons to Citizen Kane,[11][12] and never attained a wide release in the United States. Bale blamed Miramax’s lack of effort in promoting the film.[13]
In All the Little Animals (1998), Bale portrayed Bobby Platt, a mentally impaired young man fleeing from home to escape an irascible, abusive stepfather, who took his resentment for Bobby out on Bobby’s pets, killing them one by one. Bale shared the screen with John Hurt, whose character, a kindly old recluse, shared the same fondness for animals (and even insects) and forged a friendship with Bobby. The British production was helmed by first-time director Jeremy Thomas, known for producing a number of Bernardo Bertolucci films. It was praised by the likes of Roger Ebert[14] and Jonathan Rosenbaum[15] but, like many of Bale’s previous endeavors, was never given a wide release in the States.
Bale went on to play Demetrius in the 1999 Michael Hoffman-directed adaptation of A Midsummer Night’s Dream, which moved the time period to a more contemporary 19th century and changed the location from Greece to Tuscany. Bale’s co-stars included Kevin Kline, Michelle Pfeiffer, Rupert Everett, Stanley Tucci, Calista Flockhart, Dominic West, Anna Friel, David Strathairn, and Sophie Marceau. The film opened to varied critical reception but was fairly well-received by the public, taking in over US$16,000,000 in earnings while costing $11,000,000 to produce. Of Bale’s performance, David Edelstein of Slate acknowledged that while it was credible, he believed Bale to be “more at home in naturalistic parts.”[16] Bale would prove Edelstein correct with his portrayal of Patrick Bateman in American Psycho, a role he felt allowed him to be as naturalistic as possible.[13] Before American Psycho, Bale portrayed Jesus Christ in Mary, Mother of Jesus, a television adaptation that was ignored by critics.
2000
American Psycho
In 1999, Bale prepared himself for what would arguably be his most acclaimed role. Director Mary Harron, who had previously helmed the Valerie Solanas biopic I Shot Andy Warhol, was given the reins to the adaptation of Bret Easton Ellis’ controversial novel, American Psycho, but dropped out of the project when she learned Leonardo DiCaprio was set to star instead of Bale, her first choice. Harron cited budget concerns, believing DiCaprio to be too expensive for the production.[13] Oliver Stone replaced Harron as director, but when DiCaprio abandoned the project for The Beach, Stone left as well, and a pregnant Harron,[17] was contracted once more, this time with her wish for Bale to star granted. Bale played Patrick Bateman, the title character of the novel and film. Bale had never read the novel before being contacted about the film, but took on the role because he was surprised and humored by the script, which he described as “the opposite of anything I’d ever done before.”[13] Harron’s decision to cast Bale lay in that she thought he resembled a male Lili Taylor “in the sense that there was a lot below the surface,” and that “he had a sense of mystery and depth in his face.”[13]
The film diverged from the novel in some instances, but was generally faithful. Bateman was, on the outward, a stereotypical yuppie, but underneath the public image he had created for himself he was actually a murderous sociopath. Bale researched Bateman by studying the novel.[13] He prepared himself physically for the role by spending months tanning and exercising rigorously in order to achieve Bateman’s Olympian physique,[18] even going so far as to distance himself from the cast and crew in order preserve the darker side of Bateman’s character.[19]
American Psycho premiered at the 2000 Sundance Film Festival to much controversy. It was introduced as “the most anticipated film ever” and was decried for containing a substantial amount of gore and sexuality,[17] but has by contrast been criticized by admirers of the novel for toning down the material.[20] (A noteworthy scene from the novel that was not filmed involved Bateman walking around the bedroom laughing with the severed head of a female prostitute mounted by the mouth on his erect penis.) Moreover, Harron had difficulty getting the MPAA to budge on the NC-17 rating it had awarded the film. The MPAA had balked at a ménage à trois between Bateman and two prostitutes that possibly depicted anal penetration.[13] Harron was forced to cut out parts of the scene so the film could attain a more accessible R rating, although an uncut DVD of the film was later released. Famed American critic Roger Ebert seemed to condemn the film at first, calling it the “most loathed film at Sundance”[17] and “film pornography,”[21] but gave it a favorable review, writing that Harron “transformed a novel about blood lust into a movie about men’s vanity.” Of Bale’s performance, he wrote, “Christian Bale is heroic in the way he allows the character to leap joyfully into despicability; there is no instinct for self-preservation here, and that is one mark of a good actor.”
On April 14, 2000, Lions Gate Film finally released American Psycho in theatres. The film’s overall budget and marketing costs amounted to US$17,000,000. It made a tidy worldwide profit of US$34,266,564. More importantly, it strengthened Bale’s reputation as a dedicated and capable actor, and further cemented his cult status.
Shaft
In the 2000 sequel to the 1971 film Shaft, Bale played a villainous character similar to Patrick Bateman, an unhinged racist yuppie named Walter Wade, Jr., a decision which generated observations about the two roles being too alike. Bale acknowledged that perhaps taking on such a similar role so soon was a possible mistake on his part,[21] and from then on made an effort to avoid being typecast.
2001-2004
Sure enough, Bale played an assortment of diverse characters from 2001 onwards. His first role after American Psycho was in the John Madden adaptation of the best-selling novel Captain Corelli's Mandolin, which was a significant departure from the novel. Bale played Mandras, a Greek fisherman who vied with Nicolas Cage’s title character for the affections of the desirable Pelagia (Penelope Cruz). The Mandras of the novel was a more developed character with his own subplot; Bale’s Mandras was relegated to a supporting character, and the character’s subplot was eliminated, much of the camera being devoted to Corelli and Pelagia. Captain Corelli’s Mandolin was Bale’s second time working with John Hurt, after All the Little Animals.
2002 was a busy and disappointing year for Bale. He starred in three feature films, none of which were successful at the box office.
Laurel Canyon (2002), an independent film about love and longing, divided critics. The film’s script and the director’s ego was questioned, but critics, by and large, agreed that Frances McDormand outshone the rest of the cast, including Bale.[22]
Reign of Fire was Bale’s first action vehicle. It had an immense budget (over US$90,000,000) compared to all his previous work. The film’s plot involved a fire-breathing dragon that had been awakened from hibernation, bringing with it thousands more that ravaged Europe and threatened the rest of the world. Bale starred as Quinn Abercromby opposite Matthew McConaughey’s Denton Van Zan, two heroes with identical goals but different methods. McConaughey proved to be immersed in his role, and in an overzealous moment actually head-butted Bale during a fight scene.[23] But the film was largely panned by critics, tanked at the U.S. box office and contributed to Bale’s growing depression.[24]
Equilibrium was Bale’s third film of 2002 and it landed a potentially severe blow to his career, costing US$20,000,000 to produce, but earning just over US$5,000,000 worldwide. Dimension Films never issued Equilibrium a wide release, lacking faith in promoting it. Nevertheless, it gained a cult following that grew so large director Kurt Wimmer was granted a US$30,000,000 budget to direct Ultraviolet. Bale played John Preston, a respected future lawman in a dystopian, post-apocalyptic society. Equilibrium borrowed much from classic dystopian novels such as Brave New World, Nineteen Eighty-Four, and Fahrenheit 451, being set sometime after a third World War. Survivors formed the city-state of Libria and were mandated to administer themselves regular injections of Prozium, a drug that promoted apathy. Displaying emotion of any sort was forbidden. Preston was the highest-ranking member of the Grammaton Clerics, a group of elite peacekeepers. One day, he forewent his dose of Prozium and became overcome by emotion, and struggled to keep it bottled up. Eventually, he changed allegiances and joined an underground resistance of “sense offenders” who sought to overthrow Libria’s corrupt government. Equilibrium featured a fictional martial art used by the Clerics called Gun Kata—inspired by The Matrix and John Woo’s films—that combined gunfighting with hand-to-hand combat. Preston was a master of Gun Kata, which made him a particularly memorable protagonist. Preston’s fanbase was so strong a number of them banded together to develop a total conversion mod for the computer game Max Payne 2 dubbed Hall of Mirrors.
After a year’s hiatus, Bale returned in 2004 to play Trevor Reznik, the title character in the psychological thriller The Machinist. Reznik was an insomniac, tormented by a mysterious stalker. Bale devoted himself to the role to an extent he had never gone to, sacrificing his mental and physical wellbeing to achieve Reznik’s skeletal appearance for the sake of an authentic, naturalistic performance. (In one scene, Jennifer Jason Leigh’s character quipped, “If you were any thinner, you wouldn’t exist.”) He went without proper rest for prolonged periods, and placed himself on a crash diet that saw his weight dropping by a startling sixty pounds in a matter of months.[25] He was compared to Robert DeNiro, whose alternate weight-gaining regimen saw him putting on fifty-five pounds for his role as Jake LaMotta in Raging Bull. Bale took the Reznik role because the script “intrigued” him[25] and it helped him cope with his depression.[24] "The Machinist" garnered mostly positive reviews—critics were impressed by Bale’s dedication—but received its share of criticism. Dennis Lim of the Village Voice wrote that he thought Bale’s performance was “a sort of super-downsize-me stunt, pitched at South Beach Dieting academy voters who may well find his nutritional masochism even sexier than Charlize Theron's post-Krispy Kreme rebirth.”[26] Rick Groen of The Globe and Mail wrote, “…what’s left of Bale isn’t pretty, but it is mesmerizing, and I think his performance can be safely described as uncompromising. Too bad it's not in the service of a better movie.”[27] And Ty Burr of The Boston Globe wrote, “The main, if not only, reason to see The Machinist is for Christian Bale's title performance, and even then you have to be a fan of hardcore martyrdom in the service of craft.” The Machinist was a humble production, costing roughly US$5,000,000 to produce. It was given only a limited release and made most of its profits overseas.
Bale, an admirer of Hayao Miyazaki’s Spirited Away,[28] was cast as the voice of the title character, Howl, in Miyazaki’s adventurous fantasy anime film Howl's Moving Castle, an adaptation of Diana Wynne Jones’ children’s novel. The film grossed only US$4,711,096 in the States and attained nearly all of its staggering returns in Japan and other parts of the world, bringing the total worldwide gross to US$230,458,788. Bale’s Howl, a wizard who lived in a spectacular flying castle, was debonair, princely and ostentatious, a quality shared with one half of Bale’s next role.
2005
Batman Begins
Bale had long been a contender to portray Batman, during as early as 2002. In 2004, after completing filming for The Machinist, Bale won the coveted role and was set to star with the predominantly British cast of Liam Neeson, Katie Holmes, Michael Caine, Morgan Freeman, Tom Wilkinson, Gary Oldman and Cillian Murphy in the Christopher Nolan-helmed Batman Begins, a complete restart of the Batman mythos without any ties to the Burton and Schumacher visions. Bale beat out Jake Gyllenhaal, the closest competition.[29] Still fresh from The Machinist, it became necessary for Bale to bulk up to match the powerful physique of Batman. He was given a deadline of six weeks to do this. Bale recalled it as far from a simple accomplishment: “…when it actually came to building muscle, I was useless. I couldn’t do one push up the first day. All of the muscles were gone, so I had a real tough time rebuilding all of that.”[25] With the help of a personal trainer, Bale succeeded in meeting the deadline, gaining exactly one hundred pounds in six weeks. He then worked toward converting most of it into muscle.[30]
Bale had initial concerns about playing Batman, as he felt more ridiculous than intimidating in the Batman costume. He dealt with this by depicting Batman as a savage beast in his portrayal.[25] To attain a deeper understanding of the character, Bale perused various Batman comic books. He explained his interpretation of the Dark Knight: “Batman is his hidden, demonic rage-filled side. The Batman creature [Wayne] creates is an absolutely sincere creature and one that he has to control but does so in a very haphazard way. He's capable of enacting violence – and to kill – so he's constantly having to rein himself in.” For Bale, the most grueling part about playing Batman was the costume. “You stick it on, you get hot, you sweat and you get a headache in the cowl,” he said. “But I'm not going to bitch about it because I get to play Batman.”[31]
When promoting the film in interviews and public events, Bale retained Bruce Wayne’s American accent to avoid confusion with Batman being a Briton.[32]
Batman Begins was released domestically on June 15, 2005 to wide critical, fan and public approval. Nolan was commended for choosing to film most of Begins more traditionally by opting for live-action special effects whenever possible in an age where CGI was economical and believable. The cast was praised for its effective portrayals, but Bale drew the most acclaim for his dual portrayal of both Batman and Bruce Wayne, the superficial billionaire playboy alter ego.
Batman Begins was a domestic and international triumph for Warner Bros., costing approximately US$150,000,000 to produce and taking in over US$370,000,000 in returns worldwide. A sequel, yet untitled, is in production, with Bale set to reprise his role as Batman. It is expected to be released sometime in 2008. A Batman Begins video game was also developed for the GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox, Game Boy Advance, and PlayStation Portable; it featured Bale as Batman.
Harsh Times
Bale was cast as a lead character in the South Central crime drama Harsh Times, opposite Freddy Rodriguez. Bale played Jim David, a grim Gulf War veteran afflicted with post-traumatic stress disorder, inexplicably approached by the Department of Homeland Security and hired as a federal agent. David was a malevolent person, confrontational and violent, and he became more of a criminal than a cop. His radical actions throughout the film pushed his best friend, Mike Alvarez (Rodriguez), a harmless loafer who aspired to make something out of himself, to the limit, and resulted in the two men colliding. Harsh Times was helmed by first-time director and Training Day scribe David Ayer, thus Harsh Times was similarly a film of gritty realism that utilized Training Day’s fundamental formula. Harsh Times premiered at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival and is slated for wide release on September 8, 2006.
The New World
Terrence Malick directed The New World, a period piece inspired by the stories of Pocahontas, and Bale was cast as John Rolfe, his second-time participating in a dramatization of Pocahontas. He shared the screen with Colin Farrell and Q'Orianka Kilcher, who played lovers John Smith and Pocahontas. The majority of screen time was devoted to Farrell and Kilcher; Bale was a secondary character, and only appeared during the last third (the film clocked in at two-and-a-half hours). The New World left critics to contend whether its indulgence and the dramatic liberties it took over historical accuracy made the film a champion or a dud. Opinions were extremely divided. Filmgoers were uninterested. 'The film was a failure at the U.S. box office and its worldwide total (US$29,506,437) fell just short of turning a profit (the production budget was placed at $US30,000,000).
2006-
Bale has a trio of projects lined up for 2006. Rescue Dawn by German filmmaker Werner Herzog will have him playing a U.S. Fighter pilot who has to fight for his life after being shot down while on a mission during the Vietnam War. In The Prestige, an adaptation of the Christopher Priest novel about a rivalry between two Victorian stage magicians, Bale will work again with Michael Caine and Christopher Nolan, who is directing the film. The Prestige’s cast also includes Hugh Jackman, Scarlett Johansson, Piper Perabo, and David Bowie. I’m Not There, a film that sees Bale working again with Colin Farrell, is an artistic reflection of the life of Bob Dylan, and also includes Cate Blanchett, Richard Gere, Julianne Moore, and Charlotte Gainsbourg as part of the cast.
Bale will reprise his role as Batman in the yet untitled Batman Begins sequel, which is expected to complete filming in 2008.
Filmography
Notes
- ^ a b c d Hotdog. “The Dark Knight Returns” Christian Bale – An Unofficial Appreciation, March, 2005, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
- ^ “Pac-Man Cereal TV Commercial (1983)” Christian Bale – An Unofficial Appreciation, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
- ^ Kamarauskas, K. “Christian Bale” Thespian Net, 1999, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
- ^ “Showbiz Tonight” CNN.com, December 29, 2005, retrieved on May 16, 2006.
- ^ Sanford, James. “Metroland (1997) rec.arts.movies.reviews, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
- ^ Stack, Peter. “`Metroland' Contemplates the Road Taken” San Francisco Chronicle, April 16, 1999, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
- ^ Berardinelli, James. “Metroland (1999)” ReelViews, 1999, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
- ^ Savada, Elias.“Metroland” Nitrate Online, April 9, 1999, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
- ^ Edelstein, David. “Warrior Queens” Slate, November 15, 1998, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
- ^ Zacharek, Stephanie. “The glam that fell to earth” Salon, November 6, 1998, May 16, 2006.
- ^ Ebert, Roger. “Velvet Goldmine” Chicago Sun-Times, November 6, 1998, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
- ^ Schwartz, Dennis. “'VELVET GOLDMINE” Ozus’ World Movie Reviews, January 19, 2000, retrieved on May 16, 2006.
- ^ a b c d e f g Ebner, Mark. “Killer’s Kicks” Salon, January 26, 2000, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- ^ Ebert, Roger. “All The Little Animals” Chicago Sun-Times, September 3, 1999, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
- ^ Rosenbaum, Jonathan. “A Breakthrough and a Throwback” The Chicago Reader, 1999, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
- ^ Edelstein, David. “Lord, What Fools” - Try as it might, an ineptly directed new film can't ruin A Midsummer Night's Dream. Slate, May 15, 1999, retrieved on May 16, 2006.
- ^ a b c Kaufman, Anthony. “INTERVIEW: 9-Months Pregnant and Delivering "American Psycho," Director Mary Harron” April 14, 2006, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
- ^ Fischer, Paul. Unmasking an American Psycho The Cranky Critic, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
- ^ Rubinstein, Julian. “Christian Bale” Us Weekly, May 1, 2000, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
- ^ Armstrong, Rod. Christian Bale Goes Psycho Reel.com, retrieved May 16, 2006.
- ^ a b McCormick, Moira. “Christian Bale – Good Christian Talks About Playing a Yuppie from Hell” Barnes & Noble.com, September 5, 2000, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
- ^ “Laurel Canyon”, Metacritic, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- ^ Morris, Clint. “Christian Bale: Interview” Moviehole, retrieved on May 16, 2006
- ^ a b Applebaum, Stephen. “Holy rejig Batman!” The New Zealand Herald, May 29, 2006, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
- ^ a b c d Gilchrist, Todd. “IGN Interviews Christian Bale” IGN FilmForce, October 15, 2004, retrieved on May 16, 2006.
- ^ Lim, Dennis. Play It to the Bone Village Voice, October 19, 2004, retrieved on May 16, 2006.
- ^ Groen, Rick. “Nice framework, lacks flesh” The Globe and Mail, November 12, 2004, retrieved on May 16, 2006.
- ^ Morris, Clint. “Interview: Christian Bale” Moviehole, June 10, 2005, retrieved on May 16, 2006.
- ^ Otto, Jeff. “David S. Goyer Talks Batman, Iron Man, Comics and More” IGN FilmForce, February 27, 2004, retrieved on May 16, 2006.
- ^ Jordan, Sean. “Christian Bale: Belatedly Blabbing Batman” Femme Fatales, July/August, 2005, retrieved on May 16, 2006.
- ^ Dawson, Angela. “Bale on Batman” azcentral.com, June 10, 2005, retrieved on May 16, 2006.
- ^ Morales, Wilson. “Batman Begins: An Interview with Christian Bale” blackfilm.com, 2005, retrieved on May 16, 2006.
References
- Christian Bale – An Unofficial Appreciation, retrieved on May 16, 2006.
- “EMPIRE OF THE SUN” Box Office Mojo, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “Empire of the Sun” Rotten Tomatoes, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “NEWSIES” Box Office Mojo, Box Office Mojo, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “Newsies”, Rotten Tomatoes, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “SWING KIDS”, Box Office Mojo retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “LITTLE WOMEN”, Box Office Mojo, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “Little Women”, Rotten Tomatoes, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “METROLAND”, Box Office Mojo, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “Metroland”, Rotten Tomatoes, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “VELVET GOLDMINE”, Box Office Mojo, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “Velvet Goldmine”, Metacritic, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “All the Little Animals”, Metacritic, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “A MIDSUMMER NIGHT’S DREAM”, Box Office Mojo, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “Midsummer Night’s Dream, A”, Metacritic, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “AMERICAN PSYCHO”, Box Office Mojo, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “American Psycho”, Metacritic, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “SHAFT”, Box Office Mojo, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “Shaft”, Metacritic, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “LAUREL CANYON”, Box Office Mojo, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “Laurel Canyon”, Metacritic, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “REIGN OF FIRE”, Box Office Mojo, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “Reign of Fire”, Metacritic, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “EQUILIBRIUM”, Box Office Mojo, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “Equilibrium”, Metacritic, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “THE MACHINIST”, Box Office Mojo, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “Machinist, The”, Metacritic, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “HOWL’S MOVING CASTLE, Box Office Mojo, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “Howl’s Moving Castle”, Metacritic, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “BATMAN BEGINS”, Box Office Mojo, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
- “Batman Begins”, Metacritic, retrieved on May 17, 2006.