Music of Azerbaijan

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The Music of Azerbaijan builds on folk traditions that reach back nearly 1,000 years.[1] For centuries Azerbaijani music has evolved under the badge of monody, producing rhythmically diverse melodies.[2] Azerbaijani music has a branchy mode system, where chromatisation of major and minor scales is of great importance.[2] Like Arabic and Turkish music, but even more evidently, much of the musical terminology of Azerbaijani cultures is of Persian origin.[3] Excerpt: An important aspect of Persian music history is the influence of Persian music in South and West Asia. Much of the musical terminology of Arabic, Turkish.

Mugam

Main article: Mugam
See also: Khananda

The classical music of Azerbaijan is called mugam (more accurately spelled muğam), and draws on the music of the Iranian-Arab-Turkish maqam.[4] It is usually a suite with poetry and instrumental interludes. The sung poetry sometimes includes tahrir segments, which use a form of singing similar to yodelling. The poetry is typically about divine love and is most often linked to Sufi Islam.Mugam created in ancient Iran territory and developed in Azerbaijan republic and Iran Azerbaijan provinces since Safavid(The most branch of mugam which called by bayat(like bayat-e-kurd,bayate-shiraz, bayat-e-turk...)created by an Azerbaijani tradition(Bayat which have music talents)in different provinces of Iran like kurdisatn, shiraz, isfahan. The most of royal musicians in palaces of ancient Iran kings in provinces were Bayat and there is no relation between Persian and mugam because of different morality and life philosophy between Persians and ancient Iran traditions.

Azerbaijan has a wide range of music and music styles but the most popular is pop music. In 2011, Azerbaijan won the Eurovision song contest with an all-out pop ballad, which was written by a Swede, the writer of most of their entries, many of which are western inspired. Aside from winning duet Eldar and Nigar, national heroes in Azerbaijan, as soloists and in their duet, better known as Ell and Nikki, Westernised Azerbaijani pop includes Emin Agalarov, the son in law of president Ilham Aliyev. In contrast to the mugam traditions of Central Asian countries, Azeri mugam is more free-form and less rigid; it is often compared to the improvised field of pop.[5] [6]

UNESCO proclaimed the Azerbaijani mugam tradition a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity on November 7, 2003.

Musical instruments

File:1990 CPA 6249.jpg
Soviet postage stamp depicting musical instruments of Azerbaijan
See also: Azerbaijani performance art of the Tar

Instruments used in traditional Azeri music include the stringed instruments tar (skin faced lute), the kamancha (skin faced spike fiddle), the oud, originally barbat, and the saz (long necked lute); the double-reed wind instrument balaban, the frame drum ghaval, the cylindrical double faced drum naghara (davul), and the goshe nagara (naqareh) (pair of small kettle drums). Other instruments include the garmon (small accordion), tutek (whistle flute), daf (frame drum) and nagara (drum) (barrel drum).

Ashiqs

Main article: Ashiq

Ashiqs are traveling bards who sing and play the saz, a form of lute. Their songs are semi-improvised around a common base.

Opera in Azerbaijan

"Azerbaijani folk song - "Tops of the mountains of Shusha are covered by snow""
Problems playing this file? See media help.

Ballet in Azerbaijan

Scene from Ballet of "The Maiden Tower" by Afrasiyab Badalbeyli
Scene from Ballet of "Leyli and Majnun" by Gara Garayev
Scene from Ballet of "Love and Death" by Polad Bulbuloglu

Azeri Musicians

External videos
video icon AZERI Music
video icon Azeri classical music
video icon Genre Meyxana
video icon Azeri jazz: Vaqif Mustafa-Zadeh
video icon Azerbaijan opera Koroglu by Uzeir Hacibeyov
video icon Azeri symphonic rock Mugam
video icon Concert of Iranian Azeris
video icon Azerbaijani music 1990: Firangiz Rahimbekova
video icon Azeri pop group Karvan, early 1990s.

The most famous contemporary Azeri musicians are perhaps jazz singer Aziza Mustafa Zadeh and her father, Vagif Mustafa Zadeh, who are quite popular internationally in jazz circles.

Mugam singers:

Popular music singers

Classic music singers

All time classics

Composers:

International Azerbaijani musicians and bands

Kamancheh players

Tar players

Balaban players

Oboe players

Saz players

References

  • Broughton, Simon and Sultanova, Razia. "Bards of the Golden Road". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 2: Latin & North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific, pp 24–31. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. ISBN 978-1-85828-636-5
  • Almaty or Bust

Notes

  1. ^ David C. King. Azerbaijan, Marshall Cavendish, 2006, p. 94
  2. ^ a b Энциклопедический музыкальный словарь, 2-е изд., Москва, 1966 (Encyclopedical Music Dictionary (1966), 2nd ed., Moscow)
  3. ^ Nettl, Bruno (2006). "Iran xi. PERSIAN MUSIC". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. Vol. 13. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
  4. ^ during, J. (2001). "Azerbaijan". The Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. ISBN 978-0-333-60800-5.
  5. ^ EurasiaNet Civil Society - The Baku Rap Festival: Reviving a Tradition in Azerbaijan
  6. ^ The Baku rap Festival: Reviving a Tradition in Azerbaijan | EurasiaNet.org

External links

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