Mujaddid
A mujaddid (Arabic: مجدد), according to the popular Muslim tradition, refers to a person who appears at the turn of every century of the Islamic calendar to revive Islam, remove from it any extraneous elements and restore it to its pristine purity. A mujaddid might be a caliph, a saint (wali), a prominent teacher, a scholar or some other kind of influential person.[citation needed]
The concept is based on the following Prophetic tradition (hadith): Abu Hurairah narrated that the Islamic prophet Muhammad said;
"Allah shall raise for this Ummah at the head of every century a man who shall renew (or revive) for it its religion."
List of potential Mujaddideen
First Century (after the prophetic period) (August 3, 718)
- Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (682–720)[2]
Second Century (August 10, 815)
- Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi`i (767–820)[3]
Third Century (August 17, 912)
- Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari (874) – (936)[3]
Fourth Century (August 24, 1009)
- Abu Bakr Al-Baqillani (950-1013)[4]
- Hakim al-Nishaburi (933–1012)[3]
- Ibn Hazm (994–1064)[5]
Fifth Century (September 1, 1106)
- Muhammad al-Ghazali (1058–1111)[6]
Sixth Century (September 9, 1203)
- Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (1149–1210)[7]
Seventh Century (September 5, 1300)
Eighth Century (September 23, 1397)
- Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani (1372–1448)[11]
Ninth Century (October 1, 1494)
- Jalaludin Al-Suyuti (1445–1505)[2]
Tenth Century (October 19, 1591)
- Khayr al-Din al-Ramli (1585–1671)[2]
Eleventh Century (October 26, 1688)
- Ahmad Sirhindi (1564–1624)[12]
- Imam al-Haddad (1634–1720)[13]
Twelfth Century (November 4, 1785)
- Shah Abdul Aziz Delhwi (1745–1823)[14]
- Usman Dan Fodio (1754–1817)[15]
Thirteenth Century (November 14, 1882)
- Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835-1908)[16][17] – Note: Mirza Ghulam Ahmad claimed to be the Mujaddid of the 14th century,[18] a claim which is accepted by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community,[19] but rejected by other Muslim communities, many of whom regard him as an apostate,[20] Prior to his controversial announcements of Prophethood it was acknowledged, although as a contentious claim in Dr. Umar Faruq Abd-Allah's biography on Alexander Russell Webb writes that "in 1882, he claimed to be Islam's 'centennial renewer'...although contentious, was not heretical in itself.".[21] The book specifically states that Alexander Russel Webb's correspondence with Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was before the controversy that led to the Muslim worlds rejection of Mirza Ghulam including Alexander Russell Webb[22]
- Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi (1856–1921)[23]
Twentieth Century (1878 – March 23, 1960)
- Bediüzzaman Said Nursî (1878 – March 23, 1960),commonly known as Bediüzzaman (Badi' al-Zaman), which means "The Wonder of the Age" Sunni Muslim theologian who wrote the Risale-i Nur Collection, a body of Qur'anic commentary exceeding six thousand pages. Believing that modern science and logic was the way of the future, he advocated teaching religious sciences in secular schools and modern sciences in religious schools. Nursi inspired a faith movement that has played a vital role in the revival of Islam in Turkey and now numbers several million followers world wide.Said_Nursî[17]
References
- ^ Sunan Abu Dawood, 37:4278
- ^ a b c "Mujaddid Ulema".
- ^ a b c Waliullah, Shah. Izalatul Khafa'an Khilafatul Khulafa. p. 77, part 7.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Ihya Ulum Ad Din, Dar Al Minhaj, Book 1 pg 403
- ^ Paradise lost: reflections on the struggle for authenticity in the Middle East.
- ^ "Imam Ghazali: The Sun of the Fifth Century Hujjat al-Islam".
- ^ "al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din (1149-1209)".
- ^ "Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah and the praise of the imams for him".
- ^ "Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani on Ibn Taymiyyah".
- ^ "Role of Sheikh Ibn Taymiyyah as the "Mujaddid"".
- ^ "Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani".
- ^ Glasse, Cyril (2001). The New Encyclopedia of Islam. AltaMira Press. p. 432.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ "A Short Biographical Sketch of Mawlana al-Haddad".
- ^ "Gyarwee Sharif".
- ^ John O. Hunwick. African And Islamic Revival in Sudanic Africa: A Journal of Historical Sources : #6 (1995).
- ^ "The Promised Messiah".
- ^ a b Rippin, Andrew. Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. p. 282.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ "Claims of Hadhrat Ahmad". Chapter Two
- ^ "British Government and Jihad" (PDF).
- ^ "AlaHazrat".
- ^ A Muslim in Victorian America: The Life of Alexander Russell Webb pg. 61. Books.google.ca. 2006-09-21. Retrieved 2012-06-16.
- ^ Mirza Ghulam before Controversy.
- ^ "Alahazrat Imam Ahmed Raza Khan". Services As A Mujadid
Further reading
- Alvi, Sajida S. "The Mujaddid and Tajdīd Traditions in the Indian Subcontinent: An Historical Overview" ("Hindistan’da Mucaddid ve Tacdîd geleneği: Tarihî bir bakış"). Journal of Turkish Studies 18 (1994): 1–15.
- Friedmann, Yohanan. "Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi: An Outline of His Thought and a Study of His Image in the Eyes of Posterity". Oxford India Paperbacks