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This article is about the city. For other uses, see Omak (disambiguation).
Omak
City
City of Omak
The townsite of Omak Rock in the foothills of the Okanogan Highlands adjacent to Omak Lake
The townsite of Omak Rock in the foothills of the Okanogan Highlands adjacent to Omak Lake
Flag of Omak
Flag
Official logo of Omak
Motto: 
Heart of the Okanogan
Location of Omak in Okanogan County, Washington
Location of Omak in
Okanogan County, Washington
CountryUnited States
StateWashington
CountyOkanogan
Established1907
IncorporatedFebruary 11, 1911
Founded byBen Ross
Government
 • TypeMayor–council
 • MayorCindy Gagne
 • Governing bodyOmak City Council
Area
 • City3.50 sq mi (9.1 km2)
 • Land3.43 sq mi (8.9 km2)
 • Water0.07 sq mi (0.2 km2)
 • Urban
4.73 sq mi (12.26 km2)
Elevation
843 ft (257 m)
Population
 (2010)
 • City4,845 (WA: 109th)
 • Estimate 
(2011)
4,881 (WA: 109th)
 • Density1,412.5/sq mi (545.4/km2)
 • Urban
8,229
 • Urban density1,737/sq mi (670.8/km2)
 • Demonym
Omakian
Time zoneUTC-8 (PST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-7 (PDT)
ZIP codes
98841
Area code509
FIPS code53-51340[1]
GNIS feature ID1524048[2]
Websitewww.omakcity.com

Omak ( /θmæk/) is a city located in the foothills of the Okanogan Highlands in north-central Washington, United States. Situated on Okanogan River, the site was first inhabited by Native Americans before the arrival of the first permanent white settlers in 1907. The city developed after the completion of the Okanogan Irrigation Project and acts as the gateway to the Okanogan National Forest. The housing and municipal infrastructure were built simultaneously in 1908 supported by the local agricultural industry. The community of 3.50 square miles (9.1 km2), with a population of 4,881 in 2011 and an urbanized population of 8,229, is the largest member municipality of Okanogan County and has grown significantly since the 1910 census, which recorded 520 residents.

The community took its current name from the Salishan word Omache, meaning "good medicine" or "plenty". The municipality incorporated in 1911 and consists of a central business district and residential areas. It is home to a weekly newspaper, the Omak–Okanogan County Chronicle, and a Wenatchee Valley College campus. Despite animal rights controversy, the Omak Stampede, established in 1933, is a source of tourism in the city. Nearby, there are numerous state parks, public spaces and recreational trails, such as Conconully State Park, Bridgeport State Park and Osoyoos Lake State Park.

State Routes 20, 155, 215 and U.S. Route 97 intersect in town; the north-south State Route 20, 97 and 215 connect the city to Okanogan and Brewster, while the east-west 155 connects Nespelem and becomes a spur route in Omak. A rail line branches off in two directions: from Oroville in the north and Wenatchee in the south. The city's economy is dominated by the primary industries of agriculture and forestry. Omak is represented by the state's fifth congressional district. Omak maintains a high crime rate compared to the state and federal average. It is engaged in a sister municipality agreement and is the birth place of four celebrities.

History

Origin

The area that would become Omak was first settled by Native Americans in the early 1800s. They used the nearby Kettle Falls as a food resource for fish (primarily salmon), and also collected berries. Numerous Native American tribes of the community used a trading post constructed by the Hudson's Bay Company in 1826 in Kettle Falls. In the 1850s, European-Americans settled in the area and constructed houses. Mining, logging and agricultural activities were their sources of economic work. As more white people arrived, a dispute arose between the Native Americans and European-Americans regarding ownership of the land.[3]

Ben Ross' cabin

In response, a treaty was signed which stated an Indian reservation would be formed on some of the disputed area while the European-Americans would own the remaining land. The Indian land was later reduced to about 5,000,000 acres (2,000,000 ha). Colville Indian Reservation was developed around 1872 by President Ulysses S. Grant. In 1887, the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, a federally recognized tribe, was formed by executive order from 12 individual bands as per the General Allotment Act of 1987. The federal government of the United States decided to move Colville Indian Reservation's location west of Columbia River, reducing the reservation's size to 2,800,000 acres (1,100,000 ha). It would continue to be reduced for the next 60 years.[3]

Nearby Alma was platted as an unincorporated community around 1886, was renamed Pogue in honor of orchardist J.I. Pogue, followed by the present Okanogan. J.I. Pogue was upset that his honored name Pogue was replaced, and requested that surveyor, civil engineer and settler Ben Ross establish another town 4 miles (6.4 km) north.[4] Born in Bureau County, Illinois, Ross served as an employee of Great Northern Railroad—[5] shortly before moving to Okanogan County. He decided to found a new community at Pogue's proposed location during 1907.[4] It was named Omak for the Salishan word Omache, meaning "good medicine" or "plenty".[3] He sold several items on the present townsite, in an attempt for his town to be recognized,[4] and built a cabin in 1907 to provide shelter for his daughter, son and grandchildren, becoming one of the first white men to settle on the site.[6]

Growth

Omak Schoolhouse, 1910

Within a year of its establishment, the town had a central business district with a public bank and hotel supported by the local agricultural industry.[3][7] The town was provided a post office, previously known as Epley. Ross founded Omak School District in 1906; the town's first educational institution, Omak Schoolhouse, was constructed soon after. This same year, he took 20 acres (8.1 ha) of his farm and plotted it into 25 feet (7.6 m) lots.[8] The town began to develop after the completion of the Okanogan Irrigation Project, which was designed to facilitate farming. When the project was completed, many farmers came to Omak looking for homes.[9][10] Several fruits were cultivated after 1910, such as apples, berries, peaches, plums and watermelons.[11] In 1910, a meat market, hardware shop, law office, stationery and confectionery store were constructed in downtown Omak.[12] The city also operated a historical military band, Omak Military Band, at this time.[13] A steel bridge was constructed in 1911, although it collapsed into Okanogan River upon initial use. It was quickly rebuilt with no further problems.[14]

Omak became a census-designated place (CDP) in 1910,[15] and incorporated as a city on February 11, 1911.[16] Shortly after being incorporated, Omak competed with Okanogan to become the new, replacement county seat for Conconully of Okanogan County, but lost the battle.[17] Omak and Okanogan have shared a rivalry in multiple aspects, such as high school sports. Residents of Omak favored the proposal to banish alcohol in Washington, while the people of Okanogan voted to keep alcohol. During the Great Depression of 1933, several residents of Omak were forced to work in nearby communities. As a result, the United States Bureau of Reclamation promoted work which was available at Grand Coulee Dam in nearby Coulee Dam as part of an improvement project. It employed approximately 5,000 people from 1933 and 1951, when the megaproject ended.[3] Omak declined during portions of the 1900s, when fruit prices raised, land was lost and major employers were shut down. By 1950, the city was home to multiple buildings and structures which satisfied residential needs,[18] including the St. Mary Mission church.[3][19]

Skyline of Omak, 1909

In the 1910s, Omak was chosen as the location for a sawmill to expand economic growth. Omak Fruit Growers controlled the mill historically and a nearby orchard processing factory in eastern Omak. The organization was bought out by Biles-Coleman Lumber Company, who constructed a sawmill outside of town limits on the nearby Omak Mountain in 1924; the site ultimately had 600 employees. Another sawmill consisting of a billion-dollar board feet area was built inside the town that year. The largest mill in western United States historically, it sold over 130,000 units per year on average. Biles-Coleman Lumber Company had about 300 employees, a decrease from that of Omak Fruit Growers by 1930. The company was purchased in 1975 by Crown Zellerbach and thus an associated organization, Cavenham Forest Industries, acquired the mills in 1985. Cavenham Forest Industries ultimately went bankrupt and were almost forced to close the mills. However, employees bought the mill for $45,000,000 and renamed it Omak Wood Products, in an attempt to save their jobs.[3]

Omak Woods Products' payroll decreased to 480 in the early 1990s and they were therefore required to sell approximately 45,000 acres (18,000 ha) of land to Crown Pacific. They used the profits to pay off their debt, although bad effects, such as company management, occurred because of the loss of land.[3] In 1998, Omak Woods Products went bankrupt. Shortly after, Quality Veneer bought out the mill for $19,000,000. A non-union plant, this company paid significantly lower wages. Manpower and accident rates increased and there were decreased profits which affected worker morale. Over $1,000,000 was spent during its first month of operation. Historically the largest private manufacturing company in Okanogan County, Quality Veneer closed around 2000, affecting approximately 200 employees.[3] The Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation purchased the mill for $6,000,000 using loans. Although the tribe stated they could keep the mill successful, it closed around 2009 due to a low demand, ending over 130 jobs.[20] As of 2013, there are proposals to reopen the mills during the summer season.[21]

Geography

Topography

Map of the city limits (in purple) for Omak

The Okanogan River, coming out of the town of Riverside, defines the northeastern border of the city, while the southern border is the city of Okanogan; the terrain here is mountainous and hilly.[22] The Canada–United States border, which features an official crossing into Osoyoos, British Columbia from Oroville, lies approximately 45 miles (72 km) to the north,[23] while the Idaho border sits about 160 miles (260 km) southeast.[24] The state's largest city, Seattle, lies 237 miles (381 km) southwest of Omak.[25] The Wenatchee – East Wenatchee metropolitan area is the nearest primary statistical area to Omak.[26] A CDP northeast of the city was named North Omak due to its proximity to this community.

At the foothills of the Okanogan Highlands in central Okanogan County,[27] Omak is part of the Inland Northwest region.[28][29] It also lies in the Columbia Plateau ecoregion near the Okanogan Drift Hills area.[30] The Okanogan River, a 115 miles (185 km)-tributary of the Columbia River, flows through the city.[22] The river receives Omak Creek from the east just outside of city boundaries.[22] Known for its balancing Omak Rock,[31] the 3,244-acre (1,313 ha) Omak Lake – 950 feet (290 m) above sea level – is the largest saline endorheic water feature in Washington.[32][33] The 80-acre (32 ha) Crawfish Lake sits about 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Omak at the border of Colville Indian Reservation and Okanogan National Forest.[34] The 1,499,023-acre (6,066.33 km2) forest comprises varied terrain and several mountain peaks.[35]

Omak
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
1.3
 
 
30
16
 
 
1.1
 
 
38
21
 
 
0.8
 
 
51
29
 
 
0.9
 
 
64
36
 
 
1
 
 
73
43
 
 
1.1
 
 
80
50
 
 
0.6
 
 
88
55
 
 
0.5
 
 
87
53
 
 
0.6
 
 
77
45
 
 
0.9
 
 
62
35
 
 
1.4
 
 
43
27
 
 
1.7
 
 
33
20
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Source: Western Regional Climate Center[36]
Metric conversion
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
34
 
 
−1
−9
 
 
27
 
 
3
−6
 
 
21
 
 
11
−2
 
 
22
 
 
18
2
 
 
25
 
 
23
6
 
 
29
 
 
27
10
 
 
15
 
 
31
13
 
 
12
 
 
31
12
 
 
14
 
 
25
7
 
 
23
 
 
17
2
 
 
37
 
 
6
−3
 
 
42
 
 
1
−7
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city comprises a total area of 3.50 square miles (9.06 km2), of which 3.43 square miles (8.88 km2) or 98 percent is land and 0.07 square miles (0.18 km2) or 2 percent is water. Omak is the fourth largest settlement in Okanogan County by area after Nespelem Community (23 sq mi, 60 km2), North Omak (11.2 sq mi, 29 km2) and Disautel (3.80 sq mi, 9.8 km2).[37] Omak covers 0.07 percent of the county's total area. Its 4.73-square-mile (12.3 km2) urban cluster includes the city of Okanogan.[38][39] The city is part of two census county divisions: Omak (western half) and Colville Reservation (eastern half).[1] Elevations around the area range from 780 feet (240 m) above sea level at the mouth of Okanogan River to 6,774 feet (2,065 m) above sea level at the Moses Mountain.[40] However, the average elevation is 843 miles (1,357 km) above sea level according to the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The Moses Mountain, with a summit, sits east of the city,[41] while Little Moses Mountain – 5,963 feet (1,818 m) above sea level – and Omak Mountain – 5,749 feet (1,752 m) above sea level – are situated adjacent to the Moses Mountain.[40] West of the city are the North Cascades, part of the Cascade Range.[22] The Coleman Butte mountain summit – 1,450 feet (440 m) above sea level – is located directly adjacent to city boundaries.[42][43]

Climate

The city experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk), with little precipitation, hot summers and moderate winters. Average temperatures in Omak range from 16.6 °F (−8.6 °C) in January to a high of 88.8 °F (31.6 °C) in July. The coldest temperature recorded was −26 °F (−32 °C) on February 1, 1950 and the warmest temperature recorded was 114 °F (46 °C) on July 26, 1928. The daily mean is 48.6 °F (9.2 °C) annually. Average monthly participation ranges from about 40 inches (1,000 mm) in August to 1.66 °F (−16.86 °C) in December.[36][44] Despite its geographical location further south, the city of Wenatchee is 5 °F (−15 °C) cooler on average than Omak,[45] although several other southern communities are warmer.[46][47][48]

Omak is located in plant hardiness zone 6a, according to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).[49] Omak was affected by the 1872 North Cascades earthquake, the state's largest historical earthquake, on December 14, 1872.[50][51] The center of the earthquake was located at Omak Lake.[52] The earthquake had a magnitude between 6.5 and 7.0 and was followed by an aftershock.[53][54] Another earthquake with minor shaking affected the city in November 2011.[55][56] In July 2012, a severe thunderstorm occurred in Omak. It provided heavy rainfall, gusty winds and hail and forced U.S. Route 97 to be closed temporarily. Repairs needed to be made to public streets following the storm.[57]

Climate data for Omak
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 60
(16) 		63
(17) 		79
(26) 		96
(36) 		101
(38) 		107
(42) 		114
(46) 		107
(42) 		102
(39) 		90
(32) 		77
(25) 		67
(19) 		114
(46)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 30.2
(−1.0) 		38.3
(3.5) 		51.9
(11.1) 		64.1
(17.8) 		73.5
(23.1) 		80.6
(27.0) 		88.8
(31.6) 		87.1
(30.6) 		77.1
(25.1) 		62.2
(16.8) 		43.6
(6.4) 		33.0
(0.6) 		60.9
(16.1)
Daily mean °F (°C) 23.4
(−4.8) 		29.9
(−1.2) 		40.4
(4.7) 		50.1
(10.1) 		58.4
(14.7) 		65.4
(18.6) 		72.2
(22.3) 		70.5
(21.4) 		61.2
(16.2) 		48.8
(9.3) 		35.5
(1.9) 		26.9
(−2.8) 		48.6
(9.2)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 16.6
(−8.6) 		21.5
(−5.8) 		29.0
(−1.7) 		36.1
(2.3) 		43.3
(6.3) 		50.2
(10.1) 		55.6
(13.1) 		53.9
(12.2) 		45.3
(7.4) 		35.5
(1.9) 		27.5
(−2.5) 		20.8
(−6.2) 		36.3
(2.4)
Record low °F (°C) −22
(−30) 		−26
(−32) 		−7
(−22) 		15
(−9) 		19
(−7) 		30
(−1) 		35
(2) 		31
(−1) 		20
(−7) 		8
(−13) 		−6
(−21) 		−21
(−29) 		−26
(−32)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 1.32
(34) 		1.08
(27) 		0.83
(21) 		0.87
(22) 		0.98
(25) 		1.13
(29) 		0.61
(15) 		0.49
(12) 		0.56
(14) 		0.89
(23) 		1.44
(37) 		1.66
(42) 		11.86
(301)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 7.3
(19) 		4.0
(10) 		0.7
(1.8) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		2.5
(6.4) 		7.7
(20) 		22.3
(57)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 8 6 5 5 5 6 3 3 4 5 8 9 68
Source: Western Regional Climate Center,[36] The Weather Channel[44]

Cityscape

The post office in Omak, a National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) listing

The city consists of a central business district and residential areas.[3][58] Downtown Omak, the central business district, serves as the economic center for Omak and Okanogan County. Regarded as having a "big reputation" and "heart" while being rather "funky" by Jeff Larsen of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Breadline Cafe is a notable restaurant and music venue located in Downtown Omak.[59][60] Churches are common in this area.[61] The post office in Omak, managed by United States Postal Service (USPS), is the only listing of the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Omak.[62] The Spokesman-Review's Nancy Lemons stated the cityscape is generally sizable.[63] The City of Omak maintains the 3,747-graved Omak Memorial Cemetery, which is located adjacent to Washington State Route 215 and was formerly known as Okanoma Cemetery.[64] The 118-acre (48 ha) North Omak Business Park, the city's business park, is bordered by U.S. Route 97 from the east.[65][66] East Omak and South Omak are the city's residential neighborhoods.[3][67]

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Omak, Washington
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1910520—
19202,500380.8%
19302,5471.9%
19402,91814.6%
19503,79129.9%
19604,0687.3%
19704,1642.4%
19804,007−3.8%
19904,1172.7%
20004,72114.7%
20104,8452.6%
2011 (est.)4,8810.7%
Sources: Greater Omak Comprehensive Plan[15]
United States Census Bureau[68][69]

An initial 1910 census, before the city's incorporation, recorded 520 residents. The 1920 census, the first to define Omak as a distinct subdivision, counted 2,500 residents, making it the largest member municipality in Okanogan County, surpassing Okanogan (1,519 residents).[3][15] Subsequent census counts documented a significant increase to 4,000 residents before a population boom at the 1980 census. However, after the boom, the population persistently increased, reaching approximately 5,000 residents by the 2000 census. Between 1990 and 2000, the city's population grew by 2.7 percent,[15] while between 2000 and 2010, the population increased by 14.7 percent.[1]

The historic St. Mary's Mission church

According to the 2010 American census, Omak had 4,845 residents living in 2,037 households with 1,412.5 inhabitants per square mile (545.4/km2). The city maintains an average age of 38 and a median age three years higher than that of the state as a whole at 37 years old.[70] About 15 percent of Omakians[71] were single and 13 percent are lone-parent households. The city is made up of 2,540 women and 2,305 men, giving it a gender balance close to national averages.[72] Between the 2000 and 2010 censuses, while Omak had an increase of 10 families to 1,230, it had a decrease of 21 lone-parent families. The city had an urbanized population of 8,229, with 1.737 inhabitants per square mile (0.7/km2) and 19.94 percent of the county's residents.[39][73] The last complete census in 2000 found that the average household consisted of two residents and the average family consisted of approximately three people.[68] A 2011 population estimate released by the United States Census Bureau recorded 4,881 residents of the city.[69]

The five officer Omak Police Department detachment, which covered the municipality and nearby rural communities, reported several criminal code offenses in 2010. This translated into a crime rate of 154 criminal offenses per 100,000 people, higher than both the 2010 state average (by 28 percent) and the 2010 federal average (by one percent).[74] According to Uniform Crime Report statistics compiled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), there were 19 violent crimes and 134 property crimes. The violent crimes consisted of four forcible rapes, four robberies, eleven aggravated assaults, while 22 burglaries, 104 larceny-thefts, eight motor vehicle thefts and one arson defined the property crimes.[75] The city's highest crime rate was recorded in 2004, with 413 incidents per 100,000 people. Until 2013, when a murder and motor-vehicle theft occurred in the city,[76] there had not been a homicide for over ten consecutive years.[77] Conversely, crime has decreased throughout the past decade.[78]

Economy

Breadline Cafe
Mirage Theaters

Omak is the commercial center for the rural communities of Okanogan County, as well as other nearby communities.[3] It is experiencing significant economic growth, according to the County of Okanogan.[79] Since 1910, the city's economy has relied on the primary industries of agriculture and forestry.[80] Omak is the regional center for services and trade in Okanogan County.[79] In the late 1990s and early 2000s, almost 90 percent of Omak's manufacturing jobs were in the city's two formerly existent lumber mills. The second largest economic factor for this period was infrastructure services, while retail trades defined the third largest economic factor. About 425 private firms employed a total of 3,332 workers in all industries at this time.[3]

The city is home to a Walmart store, which was constructed in 1993 as the state's first location. The process of opening the retail store took numerous discussions and approvals. Proposals in Omak and Kennewick began in 1992. In response to the proposals, 93,188-square-foot (8,657.4 m2) of land was expropriated from the Omak Planning Commission.[81][82] Local retailers feared that the chain would devastate their businesses.[83] In May 1993, Omak became the first community in Washington to open a Walmart retail store, with a 93,188 square feet (8,657.4 m2) center.[84] Shortly after its opening, numerous shoppers came to the area looking for items. About 200 employees were hired to work for Walmart, boosting the city's economy; the location became Okanogan County's largest retailer for a rural period.[83] The store, with Medicaid clients,[85] was later allowed to remain open for 24 hours per day.[86] Other Walmarts in more populated places across the Canadian border crossing, such as Penticton,[87] Kelowna,[88] and Vernon,[89] do not have 24 hour locations.

Hotels in Omak include Best Western,[90] Rodeway Inn,[91] Omak Inn and Motel Nicholas.[58][92] Omak is the headquarters of two infrastructure organizations: Okanogan County Transportation & Nutrition and Cascade and Columbia River Railroad. Covering an area of 143,207 square metres (1,541,470 sq ft), Omache Shopping Center is home to 12 stores and services.[93] Opened in 1987,[94] it serves residents from nearby rural communities.[95] There are four general license vendors, including Big 5 Sporting Goods, Omak Ace Hardware and Walmart, that operate in the city.[96] The unemployment rate in Omak is 5.9 percent as of 2010, while the cost of living rate is 85.5 per unit, less than state and national average. According to the 2000 and 2010 censuses, exactly 20 percent of families and 25 percent of residents in the city were below the poverty line, including 34 percent of those under age 18 and 10 percent of those aged 65 or over. During the census, the per capita income for the city was $17,785 and the median income for a household was $31,649.[97] Omak's 98841 zip code had 278 businesses.[98]

Culture

Tourism

Agricultural land and mountains of Omak

The Omak Stampede, which operates the associated Suicide Race, has been hosted at the Stampede Arena (built in 2009) since 1933.[99][100][101] The Omak Stampede occurs on the second weekend of August every year. During the Omak Stampede, the city has a population of about 30,000.[102][103] As part of the Suicide Race, horses and riders run down Suicide Hill, a 62-degree slope that runs for 225 feet (69 m) to Okanogan River.[104] Both riders and horses have to pass three tests to demonstrate their ability to run in the Suicide Race and navigate the river: there is an initial veterinarian exam to make sure the horse is physically healthy, and a swim test to ensure horses can cross the river.[105] Despite this, the Suicide Race has been opposed by several animal rights groups, including the Progressive Animal Welfare Society (PAWS), In Defense of Animals (IDA) and Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), because of the high level of danger posed to the horses.[106][107][108]

The Omak Performing Arts Center was constructed by Omak School District in 1989 as a tourist attraction.[3] Multiple presentations, ceremonies and performances have occurred the performing arts center, with approximately 560 available seats.[109] The nearest museum, the Okanogan County Historical Museum (in Okanogan) comprises a historical fire hall, among other aspects, for tourism.[63][110] The Omak Visitor Information Center, deemed the "best little information center in the west", contains historical images and a gift shop, which offers pamphlets containing points of interest located in Okanogan County.[59] In an attempt to increase tourism, the City of Omak operates a Main Street Historical Tour in the central business district of Omak.[111] A local recreational complex comprises a Native American wooden sculpture area.[112] Members of the Colville Indian Reservation constructed an Omak casino and arcade around 2008.[113]

Recreation

A public beach located adjacent to Omak Lake
The Okanogan National Forest provides residents with hiking trails close to home.

The Okanogan National Forest provides residents with trails for walking, hiking and cycling close to home. The forest, with skiing offered in the winter,[114] is the largest on the West Coast of the United States.[115] There are numerous general recreational opportunities, such as hunting and rock scenery, achievable.[114] Due to the city's geographical location between the mountains, there are multiple hiking trails located in nearby hilly areas, such as Omak Mountain (with a look-out tower),[116] and Moses Mountain.[117] There is skiing available about 25 miles (40 km) west of town at the Loup Loup Ski Bowl.[118][119] Nearby state parks include Conconully State Park (17 mi, 28 km northwest),[120] Bridgeport State Park (36 mi, 57 km south),[121] Osoyoos Lake State Park (41 mi, 65 km north),[122] and Alta Lake State Park (47 mi, 67 km southwest),[123] With several quail, anatidae, turkey buzzard, wild turkey and bald eagles in the area, there are numerous bird watching advantages in Greater Omak.[124]

Camping is available at the local recreational vehicle parks of Carl Precht Memorial RV Park,[125] Sunset Lakes RV Park (adjacent to Duck Lake),[126] and Margie's R.V. Park.[127] There are over a half-dozen campgrounds offered in proximity to Omak.[128] The Omak–Okanogan area has been well known for its rock climbing structures, such as rock climbing, since the early 1970s.[129] Fishing and boating is achievable within short distance,[130] at the nearby Omak Lake.[131][132] Nearby communities in Okanogan County offer horseback riding and hunting.[58] The municipality had been named a "tree city" for ten consecutive years in April 2007.[133] Washington Department of Natural Resources announced that Omak had been named a "tree city" again on April 11, 2013 due to their continuous efforts to "keep urban forests healthy and vibrant" for 15 consistent years.[134] The City of Omak classifies itself as the "Heart of the Okanogan",[27] along with the Okanogan County Tourism Council.[124]

Omak maintains a large rodeo facility, several beaches, and a general recreation complex, Eastside Park, with an enclosed skate park, municipal pool, seven baseball diamonds, four soccer fields and tennis courts, and two basketball courts.[135] Civic League Park is the city's oldest park, while Dalton Klessig Park is the newest.[136] The Omak City Park Board has been formed to protect these public spaces.[137] There is also a country club, Okanogan Valley Golf Club, located in Omak. It has a 334-yard (305 m) and 284-yard (260 m) golf course.[138] The Omak Pioneers represent Omak High School as their baseball,[139] basketball,[140] football,[141] soccer,[142] volleyball,[143] and wrestling teams.[144] There are separate teams for participants, which is generally determined based on age and gender.[145] The bowling alley, Valley Lanes, serves the city as an attraction.[146]

Media

Omak Theater

In 1910, John E. Andrist, the former news director for KHQ-TV in Spokane,[147] established a local newspaper to serve Omak, the weekly Omak Chronicle.[148] He became the owner and publisher.[147] Three years later, it was renamed the Omak–Okanogan County Chronicle, in attempt to serve the entire county as its primary newspaper.[149] In February 1998, an online version was established,[150] with approximately 170,000 viewers as of April 2013.[151] In 2006, Andrist sold his newspaper to Oregon-based Eagle Newspapers and died of respiratory failure in September 2007.[147][152] Since then, the Omak–Okanogan County Chronicle has been expanded to serve nearby Ferry County.[150][153] Oroville's Okanogan Valley Gazette–Tribune and The Wenatchee World, with an administration office in nearby Okanogan,[154] serve the city as alternative publications. Several headlines regarding Omak have been stated on these newspapers.[155][156]

Newscasters Becki and John P. Andrist own three licensed radio stations in the city.[157] Branded as "Radio Okanogan", KOMW broadcasts in a middle of the road format and serves the entire Okanogan County,[158] while country music station KNCW features programming from Citadel Media and Dial Global.[159] KZBE features programming from Dial Global as well, in a hot adult contemporary format,[160] while KQWS operates from Washington State University as Northwest Public Radio in the city.[161] KOMQ rebroadcasts KPBX-FM from Spokane.[162] Nearby radio stations from Spokane, such as KEEH and WXL86,[163] and the Canadian station, CJMG-FM, branded as Sun FM, are also accessible.

The nearest major television market area is based in the Seattle metropolitan area.[164] The smaller Omak–Okanogan market area includes several broadcast television stations that can be received in the city. K17EV-D, channel 17, a broadcast translator of KSPS-TV, is branded as Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) and licensed to Omak,[165] while K07DG, channel 7, rebroadcasts KREM, a CBS affiliate, in the municipality.[166] An American Broadcasting Company (ABC) affiliate, KXLY-TV is translated as K09DG in Omak.[167] K11DM, channel 11, is a translator of National Broadcasting Company (NBC)'s KHQ-TV,[168] while KAYU-TV of Fox Broadcasting Company translates to K31AH-D in the Omak–Okanogan region.[169] Two community television stations, K19AU-D and K31AH-D, are owned by Mountain Licenses and operate from Omak,[170][169] in addition to a Three Angels Broadcasting Network-owned station, K26GV-D.[171] The Riverside market area is nearby and contains four licensed television stations which can be received, including K08CY,[172] K57BZ,[173] K10DM,[174] and K12CV.[175]

Government and politics

Omak City Hall

The City of Omak's mayor–council government comprises a mayor (who also represents north-central Washington's separate economic development district)[176] and a seven-member council.[177] These positions, stipulated by the Omak City Code,[178] are subject to at-large elections every two years.[179][180] The current mayor, Cindy Gagne, was first elected in 2000 as a councillor, and was appointed as mayor in May 2009.[181] The city funds a volunteer fire and police department,[182][183] which services Omak and nearby rural communities.[184][185] The city maintains the sewer, water, local road, sidewalk, street lighting, animal control, building inspection, park, and recreation services.[27]

The state staffs a government agent office in Omak for access to social and health assistance.[186] The City of Omak operates a municipal court for traffic, parking, and civil infractions.[187] Federally, the city is part of the state's fifth congressional district and is represented by Republican Cathy McMorris Rodgers, elected in 2004. The congressional district surrounds Spokane and encompasses most of the counties in eastern Washington.[188] The state is represented nationally by Democrats Patty Murray and Maria Cantwell. The Governor of Washington is Democrat Jay Inslee, elected in 2013.[189]

The municipality operates a planning council, the Omak Planning Commission, with eight members. These members operate the Greater Omak Comprehensive Plan, consisting of improvements available for the city and surrounding regions.[190] The library board and tree board both maintain five members from Omak City Council, with public meetings taking place at the Omak Public Library.[191] However, most meetings and conferences occur at Omak City Hall, the seat of local government, and the adjacent Omak Fire Hall. A local Civil Service Commission services the city, with four-year terms for members.[192] The city's revenue has been $1,170,828 for two consecutive years, of which $1,207,026 is used as an expenditure leaving an overall fund of $765,001.[193][194]

Education

The Omak Public Library is a branch of North Central Regional Library (NCRL).

The 2010 census estimated that 1,057 people in Omak have attended college, while 504 residents received an academic degree from their respective institution, more than five percent of the state average and 91.5 percent graduated from high school or a more advanced institution, two percent higher than the state average.[68][70] Omak's schools are administered by the county's largest educational district, Omak School District, which operate two mainstream high schools, one mainstream middle school, two mainstream elementary schools and three virtual schools.[195] Omak High School, built in 1919,[196] had a 2010–11 enrollment of 435 students,[197] while the alternative Omak Alternative High School had an enrollment of 48 students. In contrast to the municipal average,[68] Omak Alternative High School had 28 men and 20 women attending the institution.[198] Omak Middle School, with an enrolment of 339 children, had 171 men and 169 women in the 2010–11 school season.[199] The two primary schools are East Omak Elementary and North Omak Elementary which had a combined 2010–11 enrolment of 748 children.[200][201]

Wenatchee Valley College maintains an Omak campus.

In February 2010, Omak became the third settlement in Washington to have a virtual school. District leaders saw this process as a procedure to offer additional services.[202] During the 2010–11 season, Washington Virtual Academy Omak Elementary, Washington Virtual Academy Omak Middle School, Washington Virtual Academy Omak High School had a 969 combined enrolment.[203][204][205] The private Omak Adventist Christian School operates outside of Omak School District and served 16 pupils in 2011. It is affiliated with the nearby General Conference of the Seventh-day Adventist Church.[206] The Veritas Classical Christian School has also operated in the Omak region.[207]

The Omak Public Library, managed by North Central Regional Library (NCRL),[208] was established in 1956 under provisions of state law passed by the City of Omak.[209] The library services the city daily, with the exception of Sunday in the summer season.[191] The community college, Wenatchee Valley College,[210] maintains a campus in Omak,[211] which had an increase of 19 percent between the 2009–10 and 2010–11 educational seasons.[212] Located approximately 95 miles (153 km) away from the main campus in Wenatchee,[213] it was established in the 1970s,[211] and offers adult education classes and two-year associate degrees.[214] Based in Toppenish about 215 miles (346 km) away,[215] Heritage University operate an Omak campus consolidated with Wenatchee Valley College's, which provide assorted degrees in a number of academic disciplines.[216]

Infrastructure

Washington State Route 215 along Omak Avenue as a spur route

The 2010 census estimated that 89.3 percent of residents in Omak used their automobile to commute to work, higher than the state average of 72.4 percent, while four percent carpooled, less than Washington's average, and 3.8 percent walked, giving it a balance close to the state average. The median time to travel to work was 11.5 minutes, less than the state average of 25.5 minutes.[217] In the late 1960s, U.S. Route 97 was rerouted to the east, in which Downtown Omak was bypassed. Large signs located just off U.S. Route 97 promote the city's central business district.[59]

Washington State Route 215 runs north-south through Omak, connecting the city to Okanogan (4 mi or 6 km south). U.S. Route 97 and State Route 20 also run north-south through Omak, connecting the municipality to Okanogan (5 mi or 8 km south along this route) and Brewster (32 mi or 51 km south). Nespelem (35 mi or 56 km southeast) is connected to the community by the east-west State Route 155, before it becomes a spur route and continues west along Omak Avenue to terminate into State Route 215. The residential areas are separated from the industrial sector and the highway by the use of backroads near the major highways. The central business district of Omak is connected by several spur routes along municipal roads, such as Riverside Drive, Main Street and Okoma Drive.[218]

Aerial view of Omak and Okanogan County

Omak has rail, air, and bus service for regional and state transportation needs. Rail lines from Cascade and Columbia River Railroad enter Omak from Oroville in the north and Wenatchee in the south. The line interchanges with BNSF Railway in the Wenatchee area.[219] The City of Omak operates the general Omak Airport (IATA: OMK, ICAO: KOMK, FAA LID: OMK). The paved runway is the third largest in central Washington.[220] The airport provides three daily charter flights with the exception of Saturday and Sunday.[221] Wings for Christ Airport and Mid-Valley Hospital EMS Heliport serve as private aviation ports.[222][223] The closest airports with commercial airlines are located in Penticton[224] and East Wenatchee.[225] Okanogan County Transportation & Nutrition provides bus service in the city,[226][227] and the federal Amtrak and Greyhound Lines maintain bus stops in town.[228][229]

The 30-bed Mid-Valley Hospital provides medical service, including a 24-hour emergency medical service, ambulance service, nursing care, a birthing center, and a trauma center.[230] There are 10 physicians and dentists, 20 registered nurses and two licensed practical nurses employed at the facility.[231] Established in July 2000, Okanogan Behavioral Healthcare serves the city as an alternative medical facility.[232] Numerous nursing homes also operate in Omak, such as Rosegarden Care Center, New LifeStyles and The Source for Seniors.[233] The city's clinic was constructed in 1996 using $4,800,000 of local funds.[234] The City of Omak measures drinking water use by residents and provides storm drains, solid waste and garbage services as of 1984. However, residents (except those over 60) are charged a 10 percent utility tax on purchases.[235] Electricity is supplied by Okanogan County Public Utility District,[236] and natural gas by Amerigas. Other utility companies serving Omak include AT&T (telephone);[237] and Comcast (telephone, Internet, and cable television).[238]

Notable people

An Interior Salish basket with patterns similar to what Joe Feddersen creates in his work.

Joe Feddersen was born in Omak in 1953 to a German American father and an Okanagan mother. Feddersen serves as a sculptor, painter, photographer and mixed-media artist known for creating artworks with strong geometric patterns reflective of the landscape and his Native American heritage. He was first exposed to printmaking at Wenatchee Valley College under the direction of Robert Graves. In 1989, he obtained his Masters of Fine Arts degree from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Feddersen became an art instructor at The Evergreen State College. A member of the Colville Indian Reservation, Feddersen returned to Omak in 2009 after leaving his teaching position at The Evergreen State College.[239][240][241]

Marv Hagedorn was born on March 2, 1956, in the city. Hagedorn served as a Republican and Idaho State Representative representing District 20 in the B seat from his appointment by Governor Butch Otter in January 2007 until 2012. A former navy officer and sailor for the United States Army, he was educated at Pensacola Junior College and the University of Maryland.[242][243][244]

Don McCormack, a baseball player, was born in Omak on September 18, 1955. On September 30, 1980, McCormack made his major league debut with the Philadelphia Phillies. However, he played only five games for the team, around 1980 and 1981, and spent most of nine years playing in the minor leagues in the Detroit Tigers and Philadelphia Tigers farm teams. McCormack went on to manage the Reading Phillies (Eastern League) and formerly served as the bench coach of the Long Island Ducks (Atlantic League).[245][246] Bud Harrelson took his place.[247]

William Stephen Skylstad, born on March 2, 1934 in this municipality, is an American Roman Catholic Bishop. Skylstad serves as an Bishop Emeritus of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane in Washington, having retired on June 30, 2010. The former president of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB), Skylstad was appointed as the Apostolic Administrator of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Baker, in Oregon, on January 24, 2011, upon the appointment of Bishop Robert F. Vasa as Coadjutor Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Santa Rosa in California.[248]

International relations

According to the Lieutenant Governor of Washington, Omak is a sister municipality with Summerland, British Columbia,[249] a district with a population of 11,280 according to the 2011 Canadian census.[250] Located near Okanagan Lake in the adjacent Okanagan–Similkameen regional district, Summerland was incorporated in August 1902,[251] and is situated 96 miles (154 km) away.[252] An agricultural community like Omak, it is home to several trails for hiking, walking or cycling.[253]

See also

References

Footnotes

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Bibliography

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