This list of types of sartorial hijab indexes styles of clothing found in predominantly Muslim societies commonly associated with the word hijab. Hijab literally translates as covering, making its definition flexible depending on regional variations in clothing.
Women
The Qur'an states that women should dress modestly in the presence of men who are not family members.
A type of outer garment from the Persian Gulf region of the Middle East which covers from the head to the feet. It is also becoming increasingly common amongst the conservative women of Pakistan. Traditional abayas are black, and may be either a large square of fabric draped from the shoulders or head, or a long black caftan.
Al-amira
A two-piece veil. It consists of a close fitting cap, usually made from cotton or polyester, and an accompanying tube-like scarf.
A veil that is tied on at the forehead and falls to cover the entire face but has no cut-out for the eyes; instead, the fabric is sheer enough to be seen through.
This is similar to khimār 2 (see below) but comes down just to the bosom. Sometimes called "Amira hijab" if it has embroidery at the edge.
East of Arabia Burqa برقع شرق الجزيرة العربية
Married Women wear it in United Arab Emirates, Oman, Qatar and Arabs of southern Iran. This tradition has almost died out in the newer generations. Older women usually not younger than 50, and those living in rural areas can still be seen wearing them.
Traditional Central Asian style outer garment that covers the entire body and has a grille over the face that the woman looks through. Very similar in style and function to other Central Asian styles such as the paranja.
An Iranian traditional outer garment (also exist in Turkey) that covers the head and body and is a full-length semicircle of fabric but comes down to the ground. Does not have slits for the hands and is held shut with the hands, teeth or simply wrapped under the arms.
Common Pakistani, Punjabi and Indian garment, a large colored cloth made of a lightweight fabric that covers the head and shoulders. Usually sold in a three-piece set with colors or patterns matching the pants and shirts of a Salwar kameez. Worn by Hindus as well.
“What does hijaab mean?” The most likely answers will vary from that of a woman wearing a head scarf, a veil or a loose outer garment. Hijaab, however, in the sense that it has been used in the Qur'an and Hadith, has a far wider meaning. Actually, hijaab is a set of laws governing the interaction between males and females, with rules that must be abided by both. In the minds of most people -even Arabs- that meaning has been lost due to forgetfulness or religious complacency. For the context of this article however, we will say, as most people do these days, that Hijab simply means a reference to the entire modest dress of the Muslim woman.
A type of head covering that is a square of fabric folded into a triangle then placed over the head and fastened under the chin; this is probably the most common current style, especially in Western countries. See explanation in the article on Hijāb
The term used in the Qur'an (Suratu l-Ahzāb, āya 59) to refer to the outer garment. In Indonesia, the term jilbab refers exclusively to the head-covering.
Jacket and breast-cloth combination, worn mostly in Indonesia. Before the arrival of Islam, Indonesian women exposed their shoulders and breasts. Thus the kebaya and kemben combination provided hijab for the upper body.
Most commonly, a circular head covering with a hole cut out for the face, which usually comes down to the waist. Note the variations buknuk and chador above, which are the same style but different lengths.
A Central Asian traditional outer garment that covers the head and body, heavy in weight and made from horsehair. Especially prevalent in Uzbek and Tajik societies and very similar in style and function to other Central Asian regional styles such as the Afghan chadari.
Headscarf worn in Malaysia and Indonesia. In Indonesia, the term kerudung is much more common. The older, traditional kerudung was similar to the dupatta, but usually in white.
Clothing worn by a pilgrim during either the Hajj or Umra. For a male, the first part is the izar, a piece of cloth wrapped around to cover from the ankles to the abdomen. The second piece, called the reda, is draped over the shoulders to cover the upper body. The cloth is to be plain, white and unsewn. For women, typical and unpretentious clothes will be their iḥrām. [1]
The national headdress for men in Indonesia and Malaysia, but also worn in Singapore, Brunei, southern Thailand and the southern Philippines. It is called 'songkok' in Malaysia and Singapore, and 'peci' in Indonesia. It is a derivative of the Ottoman Turkish fez.
A crochet cap that covers most of the head. Worn by Arab men. It can also be a round, sewn cotton cap that is embellished with embroidery. In Pakistan, India and Bangladesh it is called a topi. In West Africa, it is called a kufi.
Or "thobe", a long, robe-like garment. It is called Thobe in Bahrain, Dishdasha in Kuwait, and Kandorah in the UAE. Traditionally, the garment comes in an array of earth-tones usually by having it immersed in pomegranate peel or saffron. Although brown and grey colors are still used, white thobes have become more common.
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