Cefixime
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| Clinical data | |
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| Trade names | Suprax, Hebixime, Zenicef, Posicef, Cefacef or Eficef |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a690007 |
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| Routes of administration | Oral |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 40% to 50% |
| Protein binding | Approximately 60% |
| Elimination half-life | Variable Average 3 to 4 hours |
| Excretion | Renal and biliary |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.119.331 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C16H15N5O7S2 |
| Molar mass | 453.452 g/mol g·mol−1 |
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Cefixime (under the brand name of Suprax in the USA) is a cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat infections caused by bacteria.
Spectrum of Bacterial Susceptibility and Resistance
Generally Haemolytic streptococci, Haemophilus parainfluenzee and moraxella catarrhalis are susceptible to Cefixime. While Listeria innocua, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are resistant to Cefixime. Branhamella catarrhalis, Citrobacter freundii, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis have developed resistance towards Cefixime to varying degrees.For the detailed minimum inhibition concentration information, please refer to Cefixime Susceptibilty and Resistance Data sheet.[1]
Medical uses
Cefixime treats infections of the:
Ear: Otitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes.
Sinuses: Sinusitis.
Throat: Tonsillitis, pharyngitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
Chest and lungs: Bronchitis, pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
It was also prescribed for acne vulgaris that comes with resistant infections.
Mechanism of action
The bactericidal action of cephalosporin due to the inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It binds to one of the penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) which inhibits the final transpeptidation step of the peptidoglycan synthesis in the bacterial cell wall, thus inhibiting biosynthesis and arresting cell wall assembly resulting in bacterial cell death.
Absorption
Only 40-50% is absorbed from the GI tract (oral). Rate may be decreased if taken with food. Greater absorption from oral suspensions than tablet.
Distribution
It has high concentrations in bile and urine. It can cross the placenta and its protein binding capacity is 65%.
It is always better to perform appropriate cultures and susceptibility studies to determine the causative organism and its sensitivity to Cefixime.
Contraindications
Cefixime is contraindicated in patients with known sensitivity or allergies to cephalosporin class of antibiotics. As Cefixime is a third generation cephalosporin, it is not contraindicated for patients with a true penicillin allergy. [2]
Adverse effects
Adverse drug reactions include diarrhea, dyspepsia, nausea and vomiting. Hypersensitivity reactions like skin rashes, urticaria and Stevens-Johnson syndrome have been reported. There is no specific antidote for Cefixime overdosage. Gastric lavage may performed. Dialysis will not remove Cefixime in significant quantities.
History
It was sold under the trade name Suprax 125 in the USA until 2003 when it was taken off the market by drug manufacturer Wyeth after its patent expired. == Sejarah == Itu dijual dengan nama dagang 'Suprax 125 di Amerika Serikat sampai tahun 2003 ketika itu diambil dari pasar oleh produsen obat Wyeth setelah nya paten berakhir. The oral suspension form of Suprax 125 was re-launched by Lupin in the USA. Bentuk suspensi oral 'Suprax 125 diluncurkan kembali oleh perusahaan Honda Lupin di Amerika Serikat.