Turks in Egypt
Regions with significant populations | |
---|---|
Cairo · Alexandria · Nile Delta | |
Languages | |
Turkish · Egyptian Arabic | |
Religion | |
Sunni Islam | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Oghuz Turks (Turks · Azerbaijanis · Iraqi Turkmens · Syrian Turkmens) |
Egyptian Turks (Turks in Egypt, Egypt Turkoman or Egypt Turkmen) also referred to as Turco-Egyptians,[3] (Arabic: تركمان مصر Turkish: Mısır Türkleri) are Egyptian citizens of Turkish descent, who have been living in the Egypt provinces of the Ottoman Empire before its dissolution and continue to live in the modern country of Egypt
In the years before the Egyptian revolution, the ruling and upper classes were mainly Turkish, or of Turkish descent, which was part of the heritage from the Ottoman rule of Egypt.[4]
History
In the late 11th century, Egypt was ruled first by the Bahri dynasty and then by the Ottoman Sultan Selim I in 1517 after defeating the Mamlukes at the Battle of Ridaniya near Cairo in northern Egypt. Turkmen came to Egypt in several migration waves. Sometimes, the Ikhshidids and the Mamelukes living in the area adopted the Turkmen in their armies, and some Turkmen became aristocrats. Linda Cichlr wrote about these Turkmen aristocratic families in her book about the city of Cairo.[5]
Demographics
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The number of Turks living in Egypt vary considerably with estimates ranging from 100,000[6] to1,500,000.[2]
Notable people
Lists of people of Turkish origin by country |
---|
By traditional areas of settlement: |
By modern diasporas: |
Name | Life | Notability | Turkish link |
---|---|---|---|
Adel Adham | |||
Tatamkulu Afrika | 1920–2002 | Poet | Egyptian-born to a Turkish mother[7] |
Zakariyya Ahmad | 1896–1961 | Musician | Egyptian-born to a Turkish mother[8] |
Leila Ahmed | 1960 | Writer | Egyptian-born to a Turkish mother[9] |
Ismail Mustafa al-Falaki | 1825–1901 | Astronomer and mathematician | Egyptian-born to a family of Turkish origin[10] |
Tawfiq al-Hakim | 1898–1987 | Writer | Egyptian-born to a Turkish mother[11] |
Mustafa Lutfi al-Manfaluti | 1876–1924 | Writer | Egyptian-born to a Turkish mother[12] |
Ayesha Al-Taymuriyya | 1840–1902 | Writer | Egyptian-born to a Turkish father[13] |
Qasim Amin | 1863–1908 | Women's rights activists | Egyptian-born to a Turkish father[14] |
Ali Bahjat | 1858–1924 | Archaeologist and historian | Egyptian-born to a family of Turkish origin[15] |
Khair Bey | |||
Hussein Bikar | 1912–2002 | Painter | Egyptian-born to a family of Turkish origin[16] |
Abbas II of Egypt | 1874–1944 | Khedive of Egypt | Egyptian-born to a family of Turkish origin[17] |
Abdel Rahman Fahmy | 1924 | Writer | Egyptian-born to a family of Turkish origin[18] |
Mohammad Farid | 1868–1919 | Historian | Egyptian-born to a family of Turkish origin[19] |
Yahya Haqqi | 1905–1992 | Writer | Egyptian-born to a family of Turkish origin[20] |
Aziza Husayn | 1919 | Social welfare expert | Egyptian-born to a Turkish mother[21] |
Ahmed Hussein | 1902-? | Social scientist and reformer | Egyptian-born to a Turkish mother[22] |
Hafez Ibrahim | 1872–1932 | Poet | Egyptian-born to a Turkish mother[23] |
Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu | 1943 | Secretary-General of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference | Egyptian-born to a family of Turkish origin[24] |
Khalid Islambouli | 1957–1982 | Army officer | Egyptian-born to a Turkish mother[25] |
Shaykh ‘Abd al-’Aziz Jawish | 1872–1929 | Educator | Egyptian-born to a Turkish mother[26] |
Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu | 1889–1974 | Writer | Egyptian-born to a family of Turkish origin[27] |
Ahmad Mazlum | 1858–1928 | Cabinet minister and parliamentary leader | Egyptian-born to a family of Turkish origin[28] |
Muhammad Naji | 1888–1956 | Painter | Egyptian-born to a family of Turkish origin[29] |
Wedad Orfi | 1900-1969 | Filmmaker | Egyptian-born to a family of Turkish origin[30] |
Hussein Refki Pasha | 1876-1950 | War Minister and Senator | |
Isma'il Pasha | 1830–1895 | Khedive of Egypt | Egyptian-born to a family of Turkish origin[31] |
Mustafa Fahmi Pasha | 1840–1914 | Prime Minister of Egypt | Cretan-born to a Turkish family[32] |
Muhammad Tawfiq Nasim Pasha | 1875–1938 | Prime Minister of Egypt | Egyptian-born to a family of Turkish origin[33] |
Hussein Rushdi Pasha | 1863–1928 | Prime Minister of Egypt | Egyptian-born to a family of Turkish origin[34] |
Muhammad Said Pasha | 1863–1928 | Prime Minister of Egypt | Egyptian-born to a family of Turkish origin[35] |
Muhammad Sharif Pasha | 1826–1887 | Prime Minister of Egypt | Egyptian-born to a family of Turkish origin[36] |
Muhammed Taher Pasha | |||
Tewfik Pasha | |||
Tusun Pasha | |||
Muhammad Qadir | 1821–1888 | Judge and writer | Egyptian-born to a Turkish father[37] |
Ihsan Abdel Quddous | |||
Bahigah Rashid | ? | Women's rights activists | Egyptian-born to a Turkish mother[38] |
Hind Rostom | 1929–2011 | Actress | Egyptian-born to Turkish parents[39] |
Ali Sabri | 1920–1991 | Prime Minister of Egypt | Egyptian-born to a family of Turkish origin[40] |
Ahmed Shawqi | 1869–1932 | Writer | Egyptian-born to a family of Turkish origin[41] |
Shwikar | |||
Ibn Taghribirdi | |||
Muhammad Wali al-Din Yakan | 1873–1921 | Writer | Istanbul-born Turco-Egyptian[42] |
Safiyya Zaghloul | 1876–1946 | Umm al-Misriyyin | Egyptian-born to a family of Turkish origin[43] |
Maurice Zilber | 1920–2008 | Horse trainer | Egyptian-born to a Turkish mother[44] |
See also
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- History of Ottoman Egypt
- Egypt in the Middle Ages
- Turkish minorities in the former Ottoman Empire
- Iraqi Turkmens
- Syrian Turkmens
- Oghuz Turks
- Egypt–Turkey relations
References
- ^ Baedeker 2000, lviii.
- ^ a b Akar 1993, 94.
- ^ Baring 2005, 169.
- ^ Abdelrazek 2007, 37.
- ^ http://halapturkmen.blogcu.com/misir-turkmenleri/5582442
- ^ Baedeker 2000, lviii.
- ^ Olaussen & Angelfors 2009, 88.
- ^ Goldschmidt 2000, 17.
- ^ Abdelrazek 2007, 21.
- ^ Goldschmidt 2000, 52.
- ^ Goldschmidt 2000, 67.
- ^ Moosa 1997, 109.
- ^ Goldschmidt 2000, 211.
- ^ Nelson 1996, 27.
- ^ Goldschmidt 2000, 32.
- ^ Bahaiviews. "On Baha'i Painters: Hussein Bikar and the Treatment of Baha'is in Egypt". Retrieved 2011-02-04.
- ^ Brugman 1984, 40.
- ^ Manzalaoui 1986, 193.
- ^ Iggers, Wang & Mukherjee 2008, 196.
- ^ Brugman 1984, 263.
- ^ Goldschmidt 2000, 80.
- ^ Johnson 2004, 1.
- ^ Badawī 1975, 42.
- ^ Organisation of the Islamic Conference. "Biography of Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu". Retrieved 2011-02-04.
- ^ Goldschmidt 2000, 90.
- ^ Goldschmidt 2000, 96.
- ^ Jongerden 2007, 193.
- ^ Goldschmidt 2000, 128.
- ^ Goldschmidt 2000, 150.
- ^ Armes 2008, 105.
- ^ Lababidi 2008, 37.
- ^ Goldschmidt 2000, 51.
- ^ Goldschmidt 2000, 153.
- ^ Goldschmidt 2000, 169.
- ^ Goldschmidt 2000, 178.
- ^ Goldschmidt 2000, 191.
- ^ Goldschmidt 2000, 159.
- ^ Badran 1996, 97.
- ^ The Daily News Egypt (2011-08-09). "Egyptian screen legend, seductress Hind Rostom dies at 82". The Daily News Egypt. Retrieved 2011-08-28.
- ^ Goldschmidt 2000, 169.
- ^ Brugman 1984, 35.
- ^ Goldschmidt 2000, 229.
- ^ Goldschmidt 2000, 235.
- ^ Independent (2009-01-30). "Obits in Brief: Maurice Zilber". The Independent. London. Retrieved 2011-02-04.
Bibliography
- Abdelrazek, Amal Talaat (2007), Contemporary Arab American women writers: hyphenated identities and border crossings, Cambria Press, ISBN 1-934043-71-0
- Akar, Metin (1993), "Fas Arapçasında Osmanlı Türkçesinden Alınmış Kelimeler", Türklük Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7: 91–110
- Armes, Roy (2008), Dictionnaire des cinéastes africains de long métrage, KARTHALA Editions, ISBN 2-84586-958-4
- Badawī, Muḥammad Muṣṭafá (1975), A critical introduction to modern Arabic poetry, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29023-6
- Badran, Margot (1996), Feminists, Islam, and nation: gender and the making of modern Egypt, Princeton University Press, p. 97, ISBN 0-691-02605-X
- Baedeker, Karl (2000), Egypt, Elibron, ISBN 1-4021-9705-5
- Baring, Evelyn (2005), Modern Egypt. Volume 2, Elibron, ISBN 1-4021-7830-1
- Brugman, J. (1984), An introduction to the history of modern Arabic literature in Egypt, BRILL, p. 263, ISBN 90-04-07172-5
- Goldschmidt, Arthur (2000), Biographical dictionary of modern Egypt, Lynne Rienner Publishers, ISBN 1-55587-229-8
- Iggers, Georg G.; Wang, Q. Edward; Mukherjee, Supriya (2008), A global history of modern historiography, Pearson Education, p. 196, ISBN 0-582-09606-5
- Johnson, Amy J. (2004), Reconstructing rural Egypt: Ahmed Hussein and the history of Egyptian development, Syracuse University Press, p. 1, ISBN 0-8156-3014-X
- Jongerden, Joost (2007), The settlement issue in Turkey and the Kurds: an analysis of spatial policies, modernity and war, BRILL, p. 193, ISBN 90-04-15557-0
- Lababidi, Lesley Kitchen (2008), Cairo's street stories: exploring the city's statues, squares, bridges, gardens, and sidewalk cafés, American University in Cairo Press, ISBN 977-416-153-X
- Manzalaoui, Mahmoud (1986), Arabic short stories, 1945-1965, American University in Cairo Press, p. 193, ISBN 977-424-121-5
- Moosa, Matti (1997), The origins of modern Arabic fiction, Lynne Rienner Publishers, p. 109, ISBN 0-89410-684-8
- Nelson, Cynthia (1996), Doria Shafik, Egyptian feminist: a woman apart, American Univ in Cairo Press, p. 27, ISBN 977-424-413-3
- Olaussen, Maria; Angelfors, Christina (2009), Africa writing Europe: opposition, juxtaposition, entanglement, Rodopi, ISBN 90-420-2593-X