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Joko Widodo

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Joko Widodo
Official portrait as Governor of Jakarta (2012)
7th President of Indonesia
Designate
Assuming office
20 October 2014
SucceedingSusilo Bambang Yudhoyono
15th Governor of Jakarta
Assumed office
15 October 2012
DeputyBasuki Tjahaja Purnama
Preceded byFauzi Bowo
Mayor of Surakarta
In office
28 July 2005 – 1 October 2012
DeputyFX Hadi Rudyatmo
Preceded bySlamet Suryanto
Succeeded byFX Hadi Rudyatmo
Personal details
Born (1961-06-21) 21 June 1961 (age 63)
Surakarta, Indonesia
Political partyIndonesian Democratic Party – Struggle
SpouseIriana
ChildrenGibran Rakabuming
Kahiyang Ayu
Kaesang Pangarep
Alma materGadjah Mada University
Nickname"Jokowi"

Joko Widodo (born June 21, 1961) is an Indonesian politician who is currently the Governor of Jakarta and the President-elect of Indonesia. He is often better known by his nickname Jokowi. He was previously the mayor of Surakarta (often also known as Solo in Indonesia). He was nominated by his party, the Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle (PDI-P), to run in the 2012 Jakarta gubernatorial election with Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (often known as Ahok) as his running mate.[1] He was elected governor of Jakarta on 20 September 2012 after a second round runoff election in which he defeated the incumbent governor Fauzi Bowo.[2] Jokowi's win was widely seen as reflecting popular voter support for "new" or "clean" leaders rather than the "old" style of politics in Indonesia, although he is over 50 years old.[3] His governorship lasts for five years and will end in 2017.

Jokowi's popularity has risen sharply since his election to the high-profile position of governor of Jakarta in 2012. During 2013 and early 2014, he was seen as a potential PDI-P candidate for the Indonesian presidential election in 2014. Originally, PDI-P chairwoman Megawati Sukarnoputri stated that she would not announce the PDI-P presidential candidate until after the 9 April legislative elections in accordance with Law No 42 of 2008 (Clause 9) which states that nominations of candidates for the presidential election may only be made by a party (or a coalition of parties) that receive at least 20% of the seats in Indonesia’s House of Representatives (112 out of 560) or win 25% of the popular votes. However, due to the potential vote gains that announcing Jokowi's presidential nomination will bring to the PDI-P legislative candidates, some speculate she took advantage of his popularity to announce his nomination on March 14, 2014, three weeks before the elections and two days prior (March 16, 2014) to the start of the official legislative campaigning period including rallies and mass media advertising.[4] Regardless, Megawati’s nomination is not formal until one of the following occurs after the Indonesian legislative election on 9 April 2014: PDI-P wins 20 percent of the legislative seats, PDI-P wins 25% of the popular votes, or forms a coalition with other parties to reach the 20% threshold. If Jokowi runs successfully for President, the Deputy Governor of Jakarta Basuki Tjahaja Purnama from the Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra) will succeed him as the new Governor of Jakarta.

On the 22nd July, 2014, as of 5pm Indonesian time, Jokowi was named as the President-elect of Indonesia, winning 53.15% of all votes over his opponent Prabowo's 46.85%. Joko will return as Governor of Jakarta until October 20, which will be the official commencement of his term as the 7th President of Indonesia.

Early Life and School Education

Joko Widodo is the eldest son of Noto MIhardjo and Sujiatmi Notomihardo. He has three younger sisters named Iit Sriyantini, Ida Yati and Titik Relawati.[5] Before changing his name, Joko Widodo was called Mulyono.[6] His father came from Karanganyar, his grandparents came from a village in Boyolali.[7] His education started in SD Negeri 111 Tirtoyoso (primary school) known for being a school for less wealthy citizens.[8]

Due to the monetary difficulties in his childhood, he had to work his way through primary school to earn enough money for school materials and pocket money. While the other children went to school on a bike, he chose to walk. At twelve, he started working in his dad's furniture workshop.[9][10] The evictions he experienced three times in his childhood affected his way of thinking and his leadership later on as the mayor of Surakarta (solo) as he organised housing in the city.[11]

After primary school, he continued his studies in SMP Negeri 1 Surakarta (middle school).[12] He had wanted to continue his education in SMA Negeri 1 Surakarta (high school), but he failed the entrance exam and went to SMA Negeri 6 Surakarta instead.[13]

Jokowi married Iriana in Surakarta on 24 December 1986. They have three children: Gibran Rakabuming (1988), Kahiyang Ayu (1991), and Kaesang Pangarep (1995)

University Education and Early Work

He continued his education in the Forestry Faculty of Gadjah Mada University. He made use of this chance to study the structure of wood, its utilisation, and its technology. He completed his degree with the theses called: "Study on Plywood Consumption in Final Consumption in Surakarta municipality".

After his graduation in 1985, he worked for BUMN PT Kertas Kraft Aceh and was placed in the area Hutan Pinus Merkusii di Dataran Tinggi Gayo, Middle Aceh. Nevertheless he didn't feel at home and went home to his seven month pregnant wife. He was determined to work with wood in his uncle Miyono's business named CV Roda Jati. In 1988, he started his own business under the name of CV Rakabu, referring to his first child (Rakabuming). The business was quite successful, however due to fraud, it had its problems was closed. In 1990, he tried again with the money (Rp30,000,000.-) borrowed from his mother.[14]

During this time, he met Micl Romaknan, who ended up calling him "Jokowi", by which he is still popularly known. With honesty and his hardworking attitude, he was trusted and could go around Europe which opened his eyes. Well managed cities in Europe were his inspiration for his policies and to jump into the world of politics. He wanted to lead humanly and make a city friendlier to its citizens.

Career

When he first ran for the office of mayor of Surakarta, many doubted the ability of a man who had worked as a property and furniture businessman. However, after a year in office Jokowi had successfully led many progressive breakthroughs which became widely praised nationally. One academic research shows that his leadership style includes an inter-actional relationship with the people of Solo, through which he is able to induce people's strong faith to him.[15] He adopted the development framework of European cities (which he frequently traveled to as a businessman) into his own city of Surakarta.[16]

Highlights of Jokowi's approach during the seven years that he was mayor of Surakarta include the following:[17]

  • Building new traditional markets — including an antiques market and a home appliances market.
  • Constructing a 7-km city walk with a 3-meter wide pedestrian walkway along Surakarta’s main street.
  • Revitalizing the Balekambang and Sriwedari parks.
  • Stricter regulations on cutting down trees along the city’s main streets.
  • Rebranding Surakarta as a center of Javanese culture and tourism under the tagline “The Spirit of Java”.
  • Promoting the city as a center for meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions (MICE).
  • The blusukan culture, the manner in which Jokowi made impromptu visits to certain areas to hear directly from the people their needs and criticisms.
  • Prohibiting his family members from bidding for city projects.
  • Healthcare insurance program for all residents.
  • Public transportation in the form of double-decker buses and the railbus.
  • Solo Techno Park, which helped support the Esemka Indonesian car project.[18]

His supporters pointed to rapid positive changes in Surakarta under his leadership. Branding the city with the motto "Solo: The Spirit of Java" was seen as a successful move. While in office he was able to relocate junk dealers in the Banjarsari Gardens smoothly, a move which was helpful in revitalizing the functions of the open green land; he emphasized the importance of business firms engaging in community activities; he improved communications with the local community (appearing regularly on local television). Jokowi also did not hesitate to dismiss investors who do not agree with the principles of his leadership. As a follow-up of the new branding of Surakarta, he applied for Surakarta to become a member of the Organization of World Heritage Cities, which was approved in 2006, and subsequently had Surakarta chosen to host the organization's conference in October 2008. In 2007, Surakarta had also hosted the World Music Festival (Festival Musik Dunia/FMD) which was held at the Fort Vastenburg Complex (it is worth noting that Fort Vastenburg was to be bulldozed and replaced by a business center and shopping malls before Jokowi vetoed the decision). The FMD in 2008 was held in the Mangkunegaran Palace Complex.

Part of Jokowi's personal style has populist "can-do" (punya gaye) elements designed to build bonds with the broad electorate.[15] This approach has proved highly effective in the past few years. As just one example, as mayor of Surakarta, he became personally involved in an incident just before Christmas 2011 when the Surakarta municipality had overdue bills of close to $1 million (Rp 8.9 billion) owing to state-owned electricity company Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN). Following PLN company policy to pursue a more disciplined approach to collect overdue bills, the PLN imposed a blackout on street lamps in Surakarta just before Christmas. The city municipality quickly authorized payment but in settling the bill protested that the PLN should consider the public interest before taking this type of action. To reinforce the point, Jokowi made a highly-publicized personal visit to the local PLN office to deliver the Rp 8.9 billion in cash in the form of hundreds of bundles of notes and even small coins.[19]

Such interaction-oriented approach quickly rose Jokowi's prominence at the national level. Among others, he was chosen as the Tempo's Leaders of Choice by Tempo news magazine (2008) and received Changemakers Award from Republika newspaper (2010); his name also started being considered in national polls for governorship of Jakarta way before his party nomination of him to run for the post, including that by Universitas Indonesia and Cyrus Network (2011).[20]

Governor of Jakarta

Jokowi has been an active and high-profile governor of Jakarta. He has followed the practice (known as blusukan) of regularly arranging well-publicized visits to local communities, often in quite poor areas, across Jakarta (see below). His broad approach is widely said to reflect the similar, successful style of administration that he adopted while mayor of Surakarta between 2005 and 2007. His inner circle of advisers in Jakarta is reported to include people such as FX Hadi 'Rudy' Rudyatmo, Sumartono Hadinoto, and Anggit Nugroho who were colleagues while he was mayor of Surakarta as well as Basuki 'Ahok' Tjahaja Purnama, his current deputy as governor of Jakarta.[21]

Policies as Governor

Blusukan

Not so much a policy as a general approach, Jokowi has actively carried out the practice known as blusukan of regularly visiting quite poor areas across Jakarta. During these visits he wears simple informal clothes and makes a point of spending time in markets or walking along narrow Jakarta lanes (gangs) to chat to people about problems like the price of food, housing difficulties, local flooding, and transport. Polling and media coverage suggests that Jokowi's hands-on style has proved very popular both in Jakarta and elsewhere across Indonesia.[22]

Healthcare Program

Early after taking office in late 2012 Jokowi introduced a universal health care program in Jakarta, based on a Healthy Jakarta Card (Kartu Jakarta Sehat or KJS). The program proved to be very popular. However, the KJS program also generated controversy because implementation problems quickly became evident.[23] The demand for health services from hospitals across Jakarta jumped sharply putting great pressure on the limited services available. Demand for health services surged by 70% in the first few months.[24] The program involved an insurance program provided through the state-owned insurance company PT Askes Indonesia (Persero) and a plan to regulate health charges for treatment for over 20,000 services and procedures.[25] There was confusion over the details of the implementation of the system and long waiting queues for services caused dissatisfaction. The long queues even generated a market for middlemen who offered line-waiting services for up to Rp 150,000 (around $US 15 at end-2013 exchange rates).[26] The various problems led to criticism of Jokowi in the Jakarta regional parliament that he was promoting a populist, poorly-designed program. However Jokowi defended the popular KJS program and counseled patience.

Presidential candidacy

Megawati Soekarnoputri had chosen Joko Widodo to be the presidential candidate of her party.

Widodo and Jusuf Kalla travelled to many parts of Indonesia for his campaign, most notably West Papua. His mayorship in Surakarta and his governorship in Jakarta further boosted his popularity around Indonesia. Because of his interest in loud music, many musicians around Indonesia, including the cast of Jalanan, had voluntarily created a song titled Salam 2 Jari as part of his campaign. Also because of his interest in loud music, several international artist specifically Jason Mraz, Sting, Bumblefoot and Arkarna were posting their support for him on Twitter and Facebook tagging #Jokowi9Juli and for Arkarna's case #ArkarnaVoteJokowi.

After hearing the Quick Count results of many different polls, Widodo declared victory on 9 July. However, his rival Prabowo Subianto also declared victory, leaving Indonesian citizens confused.[27] Jokowi asks his supporters to cancel off any celebrations for his victory. Fighting then occurred between Prabowo and Jokowi supporters days before the official announcements. To prevent this from happening, Widodo disallow the use of his usual off-duty attire, checkered clothing, and Prabowo's usual attire, white clothing, of his supporters and told them not to leave their house.

On 22 July, hours before the announcement of the election results, Prabowo withdrew.[28] A victory for Widodo was expected,[29] and realized hours later.[28] The Commission gave Widodo a close victory of 53.15 percent of the vote (representing 70,997,859 voters), to Prabowo's 46.85 percent (62,576,444 votes),[30] though Prabowo's camp disputed these.[31]

After his victory, Widodo stated that, growing up under the authoritarian and corrupt New Order, he would have never expected someone with a lower-class background to become president. The New York Times reported him as saying "now, it's quite similar to America, yeah? There is the American dream, and here we have the Indonesian dream.".[32] Widodo was the first Indonesian president to not be from the military or the political elite, and the political commentator Salim Said gave the popular view of the politician "someone who is our neighbor, who decided to get into politics and run for president".[32]

Awards and honours

His awards and honours include the following:

2008: Jokowi was listed by Tempo magazine as one of the 'Top 10 Indonesian Mayors of 2008'.

2011: He was awarded the Bintang Jasa Utama by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.

2012: Jokowi received 3rd place of the 2012 World Mayor Prize for "transforming a crime-ridden city into a regional center for art and culture and an attractive city to tourists. He was listed as one of "The Leading Global Thinkers of 2013" in Foreign Policy (magazine). In February 2013 he was nominated as the global mayor of the month by the The City Mayors Foundation based in London.

2014: Jokowi was listed by Fortune (magazine) as one of the 'The World's 50 Greatest Leaders' [33]

Interests

According to The Economist, Jokowi "has a penchant for loud rock music" and once owned a bass guitar signed by a member of heavy-metal band Metallica.[34]

Music has been used throughout his presidential campaign and international music artist especially Arkarna supported his presidency.

In June 2013, a movie depicting Jokowi's childhood and youth was released.[35] Jokowi expressed some objections to the movie saying that he felt his life had been a simple one and was not worthy of being presented as a movie.[36]

References

  1. ^ "Naik Kopaja, Jokowi - Ahok Daftar Jadi Cagub DKI" (in Indonesian). Tempo. 19 March 2012. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  2. ^ Editorial: Jokowi's real battle', The Jakarta Post, 22 September 2012.
  3. ^ Sudirman Nasir, 'The thirst for positive 'deviant' leaders', The Jakarta Post, 18 July 2012.
  4. ^ 'Governor of Jakarta Receives His Party’s Nod for President', The New York Times, 14 March 2014.
  5. ^ Anggriawan, Fiddy (20 September 2012). "Jokowi Kenalkan Adik dan Ibu Kandungnya ke Publik". Okezone.com. Retrieved 29 Maret 2014. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  6. ^ Wawancara Jokowi di Satu Indonesia (menit ke 18) diakses dari situs archive video q391.ru
  7. ^ Dihadapan Pimpinan Muhammadiyah, Jokowi Bantah Anti Islam diakses dari situs Metro TV News pada tanggal 26 Mei 2014.
  8. ^ Anggi Kusumadewi; Fajar Sodiq (21 September 2012). "Meski Bukan dari Sekolah Elit, Jokowi Bisa Sukses". VIVA.co.id. Retrieved 29 Maret 2014. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  9. ^ "Jokowi Anak Tergusur Mau Jadi Gubernur". Beritasatu.com. 11 April 2012. Retrieved 29 Maret 2014. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  10. ^ Segu, Vinsensiu (16 Juli 2012). "Dari Bantaran Kali Menuju DKI-1". Inilah.com. Retrieved 29 Maret 2014. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  11. ^ "Jokowi Kecil, Rumah Digusur, Tiga Kali Pindah Kontrakan". Tribunnews. 21 September 2012. Retrieved 29 Maret 2014. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  12. ^ Sunaryo, Arie (10 Agustus 2013). "Sejak SMP, Jokowi sudah dikenal pendiam tapi pintar". Merdeka.com. Retrieved 29 Maret 2014. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  13. ^ "Gagal Masuk SMA Favorit, Jokowi Sakit Tipus dan Pendiam". Tribunnews. 23 September 2012. Retrieved 29 Maret 2014. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  14. ^ Samah, Kristin dan Susanti, Fransisca Ria.Saya Sujiatmi, Ibunda Jokowi. hal 43-49 Terbitan Gramedia Pustaka Utama tahun 2014
  15. ^ a b Cahyadi Indrananto, Pemimpin Daerah Sebagai Agen: Dramaturgi dalam Komunikasi Politik Walikota Solo Joko Widodo / Local Leaders as Agents: Dramaturgy on Political Communications of City Mayor Joko Widodo of Solo [1], Postgraduate Thesis, June 2012.
  16. ^ [ Joko Wididi Raih Penghargaan Best City Award Asia Tenggara - Best City Award Delgosea Joko Wididi penataan PKL walikota solo » SOLOPOS.COM]
  17. ^ Sita W. Dewi and Kusumasari Ayuningtyas, 'Poor stagnate while city thrives', The Jakarta Post, 18 November 2013.
  18. ^ Kusumasari Ayuningtyas, 'Surakarta mayor uses car made by vocational school students', The Jakarta Post, 3 January 2012.
  19. ^ Kusumasari Ayuningtyas, 'Residents of Surakarta accompany mayor to pay PLN', The Jakarta Post, 4 January 2012.
  20. ^ Cahyadi Indrananto, Pemimpin Daerah Sebagai Agen: Dramaturgi dalam Komunikasi Politik Walikota Solo Joko Widodo / Local Leaders as Agents: Dramaturgy on Political Communications of City Mayor Joko Widodo of Solo [2], Postgraduate Thesis, June 2012.
  21. ^ See the several reports by Sita W. Dewi and Kusumasari Ayuningtyas: 'Jokowi's star appeal: Making hay while sun shines', The Jakarta Post, 18 November 2013, and 'The inner circle', The Jakarta Post, 19 November 2013, and aso Sita W. Dewi, 'Man of the house, man of the moment', The Jakarta Post, 20 November 2013.
  22. ^ Editorial: Start working, Jokowi', 22 January 2013, The Jakarta Post.
  23. ^ 'For all citizens or only the poor?', The Jakarta Post, 22 December 2013.
  24. ^ Tom McCawley, 'Overdue Antidote', Development Asia, Asian Development Bank, November 2013.
  25. ^ '"Jokowi-care" a pilot project for upcoming national health plan', The Jakarta Post, 22 December 2013.
  26. ^ 'A report card for Jakarta's healthcare program', The Jakarta Post, 22 December 2013.
  27. ^ http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/09/jokowi-prabowo-both-claim-victory-indonesian-election The Guardian 10 July 2014 Retrieved 22 July 2014
  28. ^ a b Yolanda Ryan Armindya (22 July 2014). "KPU Postpones Election Results Announcement". Tempo. Archived from the original on 22 July 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  29. ^ "Widodo Heads for Indonesia Win as Prabowo Withdraws From Count". Bloomberg. 22 July 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2014. {{cite news}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  30. ^ "Indonesia elections: Jakarta governor 'Jokowi' wins but rival rejects final results". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 22 July 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  31. ^ "Prabowo camp says PKS tally more accurate than KPU's". The Jakarta Post. 22 June 2014. Archived from the original on 22 July 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  32. ^ a b Joe Cochrane (22 July 2014). "Joko Widodo, Populist Governor, Is Named Winner in Indonesian Presidential Vote". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 July 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  33. ^ CNN:The World's 50 Greatest Leaders
  34. ^ 'Banyan: Mr Joko goes to Jakarta', The Economist, 8 June 2013.
  35. ^ Notes on "Jokowi" film.
  36. ^ 'Tak Ada Izin, Jokowi Keberatan Film "Jokowi" ', Kompas.Com, 22 May 2013.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Joko Widodo.

1. Majeed, Rushda. "The City With a Short Fuse." Foreign Policy. September 2012.
2. Majeed, Rushda. "Defusing a Volatile City, Igniting Reforms: Joko Widodo and Surakarta, Indonesia, 2005-2011." Innovations for Successful Societies. Princeton University. Published July 2012.

Political offices
Preceded by Governor of Jakarta
2012–present 		Incumbent


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