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Lambeau Field
The Frozen Tundra, Titletown USA,
The Shrine of Pro Football
Exterior in 2011
Map
Former namesCity Stadium (1957–64)
(renamed August 3, 1965)[7][8]
Location1265 Lombardi Avenue[1]
Green Bay, Wisconsin 54304
OwnerCity of Green Bay and Green Bay/Brown County Professional Football Stadium District
OperatorGreen Bay Packers
Executive suites168[10]
Capacity81,435[9]
Record attendance79,704 (January 11, 2015)[11]
SurfaceKentucky bluegrass reinforced with Desso GrassMaster since 2007[4]
Construction
Broke groundOctober 11, 1956[2]
Opened (1957-09-29) September 29, 1957 (age 67)[3]
Renovated2001–2003, 2012–2015
Expanded1961, 1963, 1965, 1970, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2003, 2013
Construction cost$960,000
($6.08 million in 2024 dollars[5])
$295 million (2003 Renovation)
($489 million in 2024 dollars[5])
ArchitectSomerville Associates
Ellerbe Becket (2003 renovation)
General contractorGeo. M. Hougard & Sons[6]
Tenants
Green Bay Packers (NFL) (1957–present)

Lambeau Field is an outdoor athletic stadium in the north central United States, located in Green Bay, Wisconsin.

The home field of the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL), it opened 67 years ago in 1957 as City Stadium, replacing the original City Stadium at East High School as the Packers' home field. Informally known as New City Stadium for its first eight seasons, it was renamed in August 1965 in memory of Packers founder, player, and long-time head coach, Curly Lambeau,[7][8][12] who had died two months earlier.[13][14]

The stadium's street address has been 1265 Lombardi Avenue since August 1968, when Highland Avenue was renamed in honor of former head coach Vince Lombardi.[15][16] It sits on a block bounded by Lombardi Avenue (north); Oneida Street (east); Stadium Drive and Valley View Road (south); and Ridge Road (west). The playing field at the stadium sits at an elevation of 640 feet (195 m) above sea level.[17]

The stadium completed its latest renovation in the summer of 2013 with the addition of 7,000 seats high in the south end zone. About 5,400 of the new seating is general, while the remaining 1,600 seats are club or terrace suite seating.[18] With a capacity of 81,435, Lambeau Field is the third-largest stadium in the NFL with standing room, but is second in normal capacity. It is now the largest venue in the state of Wisconsin, edging out Camp Randall Stadium (80,321), located on the campus of the University of Wisconsin in Madison.

Lambeau Field is the oldest continually operating NFL stadium.[19] In 2007, the Packers completed their 51st season at Lambeau, breaking the all-time NFL record set by the Chicago Bears at Wrigley Field (1921–70). (While Soldier Field in Chicago is older, it was not the home of the Bears until 1971.) Only the Boston Red Sox at Fenway Park and the Chicago Cubs at Wrigley have longer active home-field tenures in American professional sports.

History

Packers seek a modern facility

Since 1925, the Packers had played at 25,000-seat City Stadium, located behind East High School. However, by the 1950s, it was considered inadequate for the times. It was built almost entirely of wood, and East High's locker room facilities were considered inadequate even in the 1920s; visiting teams often dressed at their hotel. Officials in Milwaukee, 120 miles (190 km) to the south, where the Packers had played part of their schedule since 1933, knew that City Stadium was less than ideal as an NFL venue. They built Milwaukee County Stadium in 1953 in hopes of luring the Packers there full-time. As originally built, County Stadium was double the size of City Stadium. Soon after County Stadium opened, the other NFL owners threatened to force the Packers to move to Milwaukee unless they built a new stadium. In August 1955, the Packers announced plans for a new stadium in Green Bay, with a seating capacity of 32,000.[20] In April 1956, Green Bay voters responded by approving (70.3%) a bond issue to finance the new stadium.[21][22] The original cost in 1957 was $960,000 (paid off in 1978) and its seating capacity was 32,500.

The new stadium was the first modern stadium built specifically for an NFL franchise. At that time, the other 11 NFL teams were playing either in facilities shared with major league baseball teams, or in other pre-existing shared facilities.

The site, now bordered on three sides by the village of Ashwaubenon, was selected because it had a natural slope, ideal for creating the bowl shape. The nearby outdoor practice fields (Clarke Hinkle Field and Ray Nitschke Field) and Don Hutson Center are in Ashwaubenon, as was the Packers Hall of Fame until 2003.

The new City Stadium was officially opened on September 29, 1957, as the Packers beat the Bears 21–17, in front of a capacity crowd of 32,132. In a ceremony at halftime, the stadium was dedicated by Vice President Richard Nixon. Also in attendance on the platform were reigning Miss America Marilyn Van Derbur, NFL commissioner Bert Bell, and Bears' owner George Halas,[3] on a brief leave from coaching.

Although they now had a modern facility in Green Bay, the Packers continued to play two or three regular-season games in Milwaukee at County Stadium. Starting in 1995, expansions to Lambeau Field (see below) made it financially realistic for the Packers to play their entire regular season in Green Bay for the first time in over 60 years. Former Milwaukee ticket holders receive tickets to a preseason game and games 2 and 5 of the regular season home schedule, in what is referred to as the "Gold package". Green Bay season ticket holders receive tickets to the remaining home games as part of their "Green package".

Expansion, 1961–95

Demand for tickets at the new stadium easily outstripped supply, not coincidentally after the arrival of coach Vince Lombardi in 1959. In 1961, four years after it opened, the stadium's capacity was increased to 38,669.[23]

Since then, the Packers have been regularly increasing the seating capacity. The bowl was increased to 42,327 in 1963, to about 50,837 in 1965 with the enclosure of the south end zone,[24][25][26][27] and to 56,263 in 1970, when the north end zone was enclosed to form a continuous oval bowl.[28] In the early 1980s, the team consider placing a dome on the stadium. [1]

Construction of 72 private boxes in 1985 increased the seating capacity to 56,926, and a 1990 addition of 36 additional boxes and 1,920 theatre-style club seats brought the number to 59,543. In 1995, a $4.7 million project put 90 more private boxes in the previously open north end zone, again giving the stadium the feel of a complete bowl and increasing capacity to 60,890.

2001–03 renovation

The West side of Lambeau Field

By the end of 1999, the Packers believed that they needed to update the facility to remain financially competitive in the NFL. Rather than build a new stadium, Chairman/CEO Bob Harlan and President/COO John Jones unveiled a $295 million plan to renovate Lambeau Field in January 2000. It was to be paid for partly by the team via the 1997–98 stock sale, which netted more than $20 million. Most of the proceeds were to be paid through a 0.5% sales tax in Brown County and personal seat license fees on season ticket holders. After their plan won approval by the Wisconsin State Legislature, it was ratified by Brown County voters on September 12, 2000 by a 53%–47% margin. Construction began early in 2001. The sales tax expired on September 30, 2015.[29]

The renovated Lambeau Field on game day
Statues of Curly Lambeau and Vince Lombardi at Lambeau Field
View of Lambeau Field from the South endzone

The massive redevelopment plan was designed to update the facilities, add more premium and suite seating, yet preserve the seating bowl, keeping the storied natural grass playing field of the "frozen tundra". The project was completed in time for the 2003 season, bringing the capacity to 72,515.[30] Construction management was conducted by Turner Construction Sports, and proved to be of remarkably little disruption to the 2001 and 2002 seasons.

Lambeau Field on October 3, 2004

Although the capacity has more than doubled since Lambeau Field was opened, demand for tickets remains high. The Packers have sold out every game since 1960, and at least 115,000 names are on the waiting list (with a reported average wait time of 30 years).[31] The sell-out streak has had the effect (intended or not) of ensuring that all Packers home games are televised in Green Bay and Milwaukee, a streak that started in 1973 (prior to that time, local telecasts of home games were disallowed regardless of how many tickets were sold); the Packers are one of four NFL teams (the others being the Washington Redskins, Denver Broncos, and Pittsburgh Steelers) that have not had a home game blacked out since the current blackout rules were put into place.

During the 2007 season, Lambeau Field was voted the number one NFL stadium in game-day atmosphere and fan experience by a Sports Illustrated online poll.[32]

In 2009, The Sports Turf Managers Association named Lambeau Field the 2009 Field of the Year.[33]

South endzone expansion, 2012–13

A view of the 2013 Lambeau Field seating expansion in the south end zone and one of the new HD video boards

In 2010, plans were announced by the Green Bay Packers to install new high definition scoreboards in place of their current scoreboards; plans for a new sound system were announced as well.[34] Later the plans were expanded to include adding as many as 7,500 seats both inside and outside as well as viewing platforms and lounge areas. On May 5, 2011 the Packers sent out an online survey to 30,000 season-ticket holders, club-seat holders and individuals on the season-ticket waiting list to get feedback from the fans on several concepts being considered for the south end-zone development. On August 25, 2011 plans were officially announced to add 7,500 new seats to the south end zone. The new seats are outdoors with the exception of one indoor row. The seats include heated areas that melt snow as it falls (a concept tested on a small scale during winter 2010), intending to solve the logistical problem of shoveling snow from an "upper deck" seating area. The snow that falls into the original bowl area is shoveled by compensated volunteers from the community using a system of temporary chutes placed in the aisles and carts to remove the snow from the stadium.

The new sound system was completed in time for the 2011–2012 NFL season. On August 25, 2011 Packers president Mark Murphy announced that the expansion of Lambeau would not be paid by taxpayers but by the team itself. After construction was completed on the south end zone seating in the summer of 2013, Lambeau became the 3rd largest stadium in the NFL, with a capacity of 80,750. Additional construction included two new tower gates for the north and south end zone. Lambeau Field also installed Mitsubishi Diamond Vision Video Boards, as well as a rooftop viewing terrace in the north end zone for club seat holders during games. The rooftop viewing terrace and video boards were completed in time for the 2012 season.[35][36]

On December 13, 2012, Lambeau Field was damaged by a minor fire when construction workers were cutting a metal beam, and the sparks from the cutting ignited. The damage cost $5,000 in repairs.[37]

Atrium renovation, 2013–15

In 2013, the Packers announced a new $140.5 million renovation project for the Lambeau Atrium entrance, that will be entirely paid by the Packers without public funding. The project began in March 2013 and is expected to be completed in June 2015.

The Packers removed ground between Bob Harlan Plaza and Lombardi Avenue, which is now the basement of the atrium. The Pro Shop has been moved to the new ground level, and a set of escalators were installed on the western side, leading to the atrium and the entrance of the Miller Gate. The Packers Hall of Fame will move to the second floor of the atrium where Curly's Pub is currently located. Curly's will move to the main floor where the Pro Shop was previously held. This renovation project is referred to as "Phase II", with the first phase considered as the 7,500 seats that were installed previously. Curly's will be accessible from Harlan Plaza and the Hall of Fame will have more room for exhibits. The new setup will be easier for fans to get to Curly's as it was difficult for fans in the past.

Phase II also included the following:

  • The Oneida Nation gate was given an expanded plaza extending into the east parking lot. A tunnel under the plaza leads to a player parking area immediately east of the player facilities. Permanent rest rooms were installed under the plaza.
  • A new entrance called the American Family Insurance gate was added at parking lot level on the east side, with an escalator providing access to the main floor of the atrium. The Pro Shop is also accessible here.
  • Harlan Plaza in front of the Miller Gate facing Lombardi Avenue will remain, but its front now lines up with the North face of the atrium tower where the Pro Shop is situated. The Curly Lambeau and Vince Lombardi statues were repositioned and remain in the plaza.
  • New player facilities in the lower level of the stadium, including strength and conditioning rooms and a 35-by-50-yard practice walk-through area.

Curly's Pub and the Packers Hall of Fame will be closed temporarily during some part of the project, probably in 2014, but the Pro Shop will remain open.

The renovation project is expected to create approximately 1,500 jobs and pay more than $60 million in wages. Team president and CEO Mark Murphy said 95% of spending on the project will be done in Wisconsin and 69% in northeastern Wisconsin.[38]

A 50-foot-tall replica Lombardi Trophy was unveiled on November 14, 2014 on the east side of the stadium.[39]

Titletown District (2015)

On August 20, 2015 the Green Bay Packers presented the master plan for the Titletown District, a destination area to be created on approximately 34 acres of land west of Lambeau Field. Three tenants in Titletown will include Lodge Kohler, a hotel built and managed by the Kohler Company; a Bellin Health Sports Medicine Clinic; and Hinterland Restaurant and Brewery. Development on the remaining 16 acres calls for commercial, retail, and residential elements.[40] Completion is targeted for fall 2017.[40]

Packers record at Lambeau

As of the end of the 2015 season, the Packers have compiled a 221–114–5 regular season mark at Lambeau Field.

There are three NFL teams that have never won a regular season game at Lambeau during its existence, which are the Arizona Cardinals (0–7), Baltimore Ravens (0–3), and Denver Broncos (0–4). The Houston Texans (1–0) are the only unbeaten team at Lambeau.

Name and nickname

New City Stadium

Main article: City Stadium (Green Bay)

The original name of Lambeau Field lasted through the 1964 season. Officially "City Stadium", the name "New City Stadium" was used informally to distinguish it from its predecessor at East High School.

Lambeau Field

A statue of Curly Lambeau stands near the main entrance

Two months after the death of Packers founder Curly Lambeau, New City Stadium was renamed "Lambeau Field" by the Green Bay city council on August 3, 1965.[7][8][41]

Besides founding the team in 1919, Lambeau played for the Packers in their early years and was the team's coach for 31 seasons through 1949. He shares the distinction with rival George Halas of the Chicago Bears of coaching his team to the most NFL championships, with six. Lambeau was inducted as a charter member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio in 1963.

Corporate naming rights

On November 7, 2000, two months after Brown County voters approved a sales tax to fund Lambeau Field's renovation, a second referendum was presented to the same Brown County voters. This referendum asked whether naming rights to the renovated stadium should be sold in order to retire earlier the 0.5% sales tax created to cover construction costs. The referendum passed 53%-47%, the exact percentage by which voters approved the sales tax.[42][43]

After the vote passed, the Packers entered talks with the City of Green Bay, which owns the stadium, to further explore the options. The City and team agreed to sell the rights if a price of $100 million could be realized, although no buyer has been found.

The Packers, although agreeing to be bound by the will of the voters, have consistently stressed that they would prefer Lambeau Field keep its traditional name, honoring the club's founder.[43]

The Packers have sold naming rights to the eight entrance gates. From the north going clockwise, they are: Bellin Health (north gate), Miller Brewing (atrium gate), American Family Insurance (northeast gate at parking lot level), the Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin (east gate on elevated plaza facing Oneida Street), Shopko (south gate), Mills Fleet Farm stores (southwest gate), Associated Bank (west gate and private box entrance), and Verizon (northwest gate). Miller Brewing is also a sponsor of the atrium, and has a section in one end zone called the "Miller Lite End Zone", giving away tickets in that area with various beer promotions.

At the 2015 Packers shareholders meeting President Mark Murphy said "We will not sell the naming rights to the stadium. ... We will never do that. It will always be Lambeau Field" [44]

"The Frozen Tundra"

An empty Lambeau Field.

The stadium's nickname was spawned by the Ice Bowl between the Packers and the Dallas Cowboys, played on December 31, 1967. The game was played in temperatures of −15 °F (−26 °C) with sharp winds. Journalist Tex Maule associated Lambeau Field with the term tundra in his article summarizing the game in Sports Illustrated.[45]

Lambeau Field is alleged to have gotten its nickname, The Frozen Tundra, from The Greatest Challenge, the Packers' authorized version of the highlight film written by Steve Sabol.[46] In the Cowboys' authorized version of the highlight film, A Chilling Championship, also written by Sabol, Bill Woodson used the term the Frozen Tundra when narrating the film to describe Lambeau Field.[46][47] Prior to the 1967 season, an underground electric heating system had been installed but it was not able to counter the effects of the cold front that hit Green Bay at the onset of the Ice Bowl. The field had been covered overnight with the heater on, but when the cover was removed in the sub-zero cold, the moisture atop the grass flash-froze.[48]

The underground heating and drainage system was redone in 1997, with a system of pipes filled with a solution including antifreeze replacing the electric coils. After the 2006 season, the surface, heating, and drainage system was replaced. A new grass surface was installed, using the Desso GrassMaster system, which has synthetic fibers woven into the traditional Kentucky bluegrass sod.[4][49][50] Even the new video boards, installed in 2004, have been influenced by the field's nickname, being called "Tundra Vision". These video displays measure more than 25 feet (7.6 m) high by 46 feet (14 m) wide.[51] An artificial lighting system, based on technology used in Dutch rose-growing greenhouses, was tested in 2010 and purchased for use in the 2011 season. It operates 24 hours a day from October to early December to extend the growing season for the field's grass. The system is also used in some soccer stadiums where shade from stands and partial roofs are a problem for the turf, not the cold and short growing season found in Green Bay.[48]

Titletown, USA

More famously a nickname for the city than its football field, "Titletown, USA" became popularized in 1961, even before Vince Lombardi won any of his championships. At the 1961 NFL Championship Game against the New York Giants, which the Packers won 37–0, fans hung up signs around the stadium that read Welcome to Titletown, USA. Then-Giants quarterback Y.A. Tittle joked that the honor was for him, just that his name was misspelled. By the mid-60s, Titletown, USA was registered as a trademark of the Green Bay Packers, Inc. Lambeau Field has been home to seven NFL world championship seasons, five under Lombardi, one under Mike Holmgren and one under Mike McCarthy, surpassing the six world championship seasons witnessed by its predecessor, City Stadium, under Curly Lambeau.

Postseason

The Atrium inside Lambeau Field

Lambeau Field has frequently given a significant postseason home-field advantage for the Packers. Playoff games at Lambeau Field typically feature cold Wisconsin winters. The most famous example is the aforementioned Ice Bowl. More recently, in the 1997 NFL playoffs both the San Francisco 49ers in the divisional playoffs and the Carolina Panthers in the NFC Championship Game struggled to adapt to the muddy and the cold conditions respectively. The temperatures during the 2007 NFC Championship Game (in which the Packers lost in OT, 23–20, to the New York Giants) reached as low as −4 °F (−20 °C), with a wind chill of −24 °F (−31 °C). From its opening in 1957 until January 2003, when they fell 27–7 to the Atlanta Falcons, the Packers had never lost a postseason game at Lambeau Field. However, the Packers hosted just one postseason game (in the ad-hoc round-of-16 in the strike-shortened 1982 season) during a lean stretch of 27 years between the Ice Bowl of 1967 and a wild-card game in December 1994. Although the Packers have won only four of their last nine playoff games at Lambeau Field, their overall home post-season record is a respectable 15–5. The stadium has hosted five championship contests: three NFL title games in 1961, 1965 and 1967 (the "Ice Bowl"); two NFC championships after the 1996 and 2007 seasons.

Traditions

The "Lambeau Leap"

Sign for the Atrium outside Lambeau Field

Many Packer players will jump into the end zone stands after scoring a touchdown, in a celebration affectionately known as the "Lambeau Leap". The Lambeau Leap was invented by safety LeRoy Butler, who scored after a Reggie White fumble recovery and lateral against the L.A. Raiders on December 26, 1993. It was later popularized by wide receiver Robert Brooks.[52][53]

It's not known precisely when the celebration was first coined the "Lambeau Leap", but one of the first possible mentions was by broadcaster Al Michaels, who mentioned during a Monday Night Football broadcast in 1996, "It's a new tradition in Green Bay, Robert Brooks leaping into the stands."

When the NFL banned excessive celebrations in 2000, the Lambeau Leap was grandfathered into the new rules, permitting it to continue.[54]

Occasionally, a visiting player will attempt a Lambeau Leap, only to be denied by Packers fans. This happened to then-Minnesota Vikings cornerback Fred Smoot when he intercepted a pass and returned it for a touchdown;[55] Packers fans proceeded to throw their beverages on Smoot. During the 2007 NFC Championship game, New York Giants running back Brandon Jacobs faked a Lambeau Leap after scoring a touchdown, angering many Green Bay faithful in the stands.[56] Before a game against the Packers on September 20, 2009, Cincinnati Bengals wideout Chad Johnson, then known as Chad Ochocinco, announced he would do a Lambeau Leap if he scored a touchdown, and then followed through by leaping into the arms of pre-arranged fans wearing Bengals jerseys.[57][58]

In 2014, a statue was made outside of Lambeau Field commemorating the Leap. Featuring a shortened replica of the end zone wall and 4 random Packers fans, the statue allows visitors to pose for pictures doing their own Lambeau Leap.[59]

The NFL Network countdown program, the NFL Top 10, named the Lambeau Leap the 2nd greatest touchdown celebration of all time.

Stadium music

Welcome sign

Originally, music at Lambeau Field was provided by the Packers' Lumberjack Band. The live band has been replaced by recorded music.

The Packers intro music for when they are introduced before each game is "Get Ready for This" by 2 Unlimited. PA announcer Bill Jartz (also the main news anchor for WBAY-TV (Channel 2)), accompanies this by saying, "Ladies and gentlemen, here are your 13-time World Champion Green Bay Packers."

Whenever the Packers score a touchdown, the Todd Rundgren hit "Bang the Drum All Day" is played. This tradition began in 1985.

"Go! You Packers! Go!", the team's fight song, is played at Lambeau Field immediately following the Packers' player introductions and after each extra point scored by the Packers.

The "Go Pack Go" jingle is usually played when the team is on defense or during the start of a drive on offense. A song built around this jingle is "Go Pack Go!" by The 6 Packers.

The House of Pain hit "Jump Around" is often played during one time-out at Lambeau, resulting in widespread jumping around by the crowd. This tradition began due to the popularity of the same song/crowd-participation tradition at University of Wisconsin football games.

The polka standard "Beer Barrel Polka" (also known as "Roll Out The Barrel") is also played at Lambeau Field, usually in the fourth quarter of games. "I Gotta Feeling" by the Black Eyed Peas is played when the Packers win a game.

Packers shareholders meeting

With the 1997–98 sale of stock in the Packers corporation, swelling the number of owners to over 112,000, a large venue was needed for the annual shareholders meeting. The event returned to Lambeau Field in 2006 after several thousand people were turned away from the 2005 meeting at the nearby Resch Center.

High school and college football

When built, Lambeau Field was also slated to be used by Green Bay's public high schools, as old City Stadium had been. However, a key 1962 game between the Packers and Detroit Lions was affected when two high schools played in the rain the preceding Friday, damaging the field. After that, Lombardi asked the schools to avoid using Lambeau, however both Southwest High and West High played there until a west side high school stadium was built in the late 1970s. In 1982 and 1983, St. Norbert College hosted Fordham University (Lombardi's alma mater) in benefit games to fight cancer.

Shortly after the 2006 Wisconsin–Ohio State hockey game (see below), newspaper reports said the Wisconsin football team might be interested in moving a non-conference road game to Lambeau Field.

In 2016, Lambeau Field will host the Wisconsin Badgers vs. LSU Tigers in the 2nd of a two-game series starting in 2014, where the game was in Houston at NRG Stadium.

Ice hockey

Lambeau Field hosting its first hockey game.

Following the success of the "Cold War", collegiate ice hockey game held in 2001 at Michigan State's Spartan Stadium, hockey teams from Wisconsin and Ohio State met in the Frozen Tundra Hockey Classic, an outdoor game played on a temporary rink inside the stadium on February 11, 2006. The Badgers defeated the Buckeyes 4–2 before a capacity crowd of 40,890. There were some problems as the ice began to crack during play, but overall it was a success, ending with the Badgers doing the Lambeau Leap following their victory.

Snowmobile racing

In 2004 a snowmobile racing event was held in the parking lot due to a lack of snow. In 2005 the snowmobile racing event took place over the turf, with the right amount of snow cover.

Concerts

Since the renovation, only two concerts have been performed at Lambeau. The last concert to be held at the stadium prior to the renovation was Survivor in 1985 to a crowd of 13,000. Kenny Chesney and Zac Brown Band performed in Green Bay on June 11, 2011, on their Goin' Coastal Tour, with Chesney making a return appearance at the stadium during his 2015 tour on June 20 with Jason Aldean.

Fireworks

For many years, Lambeau hosted a popular annual Fourth of July fireworks display, sponsored by locally based retailer Shopko Stores, Inc.

Seating capacity

Lambeau Field is the third largest stadium in the NFL by seating capacity.[60]

Sustainability plans

The Green Bay Packers have made efforts to make Lambeau Field more environmentally sustainable. In fact, extra recycling bins will be placed around the field and biodegradable food-ware will be used at restaurants and other establishments within Lambeau Field. In addition, there are plans to power the field with wind energy and biogas.[61] Similarly, more than 500 induction lighting fixtures have been installed within it, as well as 11 high-efficiency condensing boilers for space heating in the stadium, melting snow, and heating the field. Also, two high-efficiency electric chillers have been installed for the air-conditioned regions of Lambeau Field.[62]

References

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  42. ^ Milwaukee Journal Sentinel: "Packers, Green Bay to discuss Lambeau naming rights" June 19, 2003.
  43. ^ a b Walker, Don (November 8, 2000). "Packers to Start Shopping Lambeau Name Around". The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
  44. ^ http://www.sportingnews.com/nfl/story/2015-07-29/packers-lambeau-field-naming-rights-mark-murphy-london
  45. ^ Maule, Tex (January 8, 1968). "The old pro goes in for six". Sports Illustrated. p. 10.
  46. ^ a b Davis, 2008, p. 159.
  47. ^ "Woodson Was First With 'Frozen Tundra'". Press Box Online. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
  48. ^ a b Branch, John (January 13, 2012). "Tenderizing the Tundra With Some Light and Heat". The New York Times. Retrieved January 13, 2012.
  49. ^ Associated Press (December 7, 2006). "Lambeau Field Updates Include a New Surface". ESPN. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
  50. ^ Nickel, Lori (2 June 2008). "Grass is greener: Lambeau surface bounces back". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  51. ^ "Lambeau Field, Stadium Facts". Green Bay Packers. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
  52. ^ "Traditions". University of South Carolina Athletics. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
  53. ^ Lambeau Field Timeline Green Bay Packers news
  54. ^ "Goalpost dunks will draw flags". ESPN. Retrieved January 12, 2016
  55. ^ YouTube – Fred Smoot's Lambeau Leap!!!
  56. ^ Manning, Giants head to Super Bowl for rematch with Pats
  57. ^ ESPN – Ochocinco finds end zone in Green Bay ESPN
  58. ^ Ochocinco had it planned out
  59. ^ "Lambeau Leap Statue unveiled". Packers.com.
  60. ^ List of current National Football League stadiums
  61. ^ "Green Bay Packers Launch Environmental Program".
  62. ^ "Green Bay Packers, WPS focus on energy".

Sources

  • When Pride Still Mattered, A Life of Vince Lombardi, by David Maraniss, 1999, (ISBN 0-684-84418-4)
  • South Carolina Hall Of Fame: Robert Brooks
  • Davis, Jeff (2008), Rozelle: Czar of the NFL. New York:McGraw-Hill. 0-07-159352-7
  • Gruver, Edward (1998). The Ice Bowl:The Cold Truth About Football's Most Unforgettable Game. Ithaca, New York:McBooks Press, Inc. ISBN 1-59013-080-4
  • O'Brien, Michael (1987), Vince: A Personal Biography of Vince Lombardi. New York:William Morrow and Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-688-07406-7
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lambeau Field.
Events and tenants
Preceded by Home of the
Green Bay Packers
1957 – present 		Succeeded by
current
Preceded by Host of NFC Championship Game
1997
2008 		Succeeded by
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