List of people who died climbing Mount Everest
Mount Everest, at 8,848 metres (29,029 ft) is the world's highest mountain and a particularly desirable peak for mountaineers. Over 280 people have died trying to climb it and in the last few decades, fatalities have occurred every year. The last year without known fatalities on the mountain was 1977, a year in which only two people reached the summit.[1]
Most deaths have been attributed to avalanches, injury from fall, ice collapse, exposure, or health problems related to conditions on the mountain. Not all bodies have been located, so details on those fatalities are not available.
The upper reaches of the mountain are in the death zone. The death zone is a mountaineering term for altitudes above a certain point – around 8,000 m (26,000 ft), or less than 356 millibars (5.16 psi) of atmospheric pressure – where the oxygen level is not sufficient to sustain human life.[2] Many deaths in high-altitude mountaineering have been caused by the effects of the death zone, either directly (loss of vital functions) or indirectly (unwise decisions made under stress or physical weakening leading to accidents). In the death zone, the human body cannot acclimatize, as it uses oxygen faster than it can be replenished. An extended stay in the zone without supplementary oxygen will result in deterioration of bodily functions, loss of consciousness and, ultimately, death.[3][4][5]
Background
The most popular routes are the South Col route from the Nepalese side and the North Col route from the Tibetan side.
The first recorded deaths on the mountain were the seven porters who perished in an avalanche in the 1922 British Mount Everest Expedition. George Mallory, who was present, blamed himself for the deaths.[6] During the initial 1921 British Reconnaissance Expedition there were two deaths en route to the mountain – an unidentified porter as well as heart attack victim Dr. A. M. Kellas.[6][7]
While dangerous for the novice climber, the mountain has also claimed the lives of some of the most experienced climbers. Babu Chiri Sherpa had climbed the mountain several times, and in 1999 spent 20 hours on the summit of Everest, then a new record.[8] He also climbed to the summit twice in two weeks and held the record climbing time from Base Camp to summit of 16 hours and 56 minutes.[8] He died in 2001 from a fall near Camp II. Experienced guide Rob Hall died on Everest shortly after becoming the first non-Sherpa to have summitted five times (1996).
One of the most infamous tragedies on the mountain was the 1996 Mount Everest disaster on May 11, 1996, during which eight people died while making summit attempts. In that entire season, 15 people died trying to reach the summit, making it the deadliest single year in the mountain's history to that point. The disaster gained wide publicity and has been written about many times; both Into Thin Air by Jon Krakauer and The Climb by Anatoli Boukreev were written by mountaineers who were on Mount Everest at the time, and they give conflicting accounts of the events. Curiously, 1996 was statistically a safe year for Everest climbers. Before 1996, one in four climbers had died making the ascent; 1996 saw huge numbers of people attempting the climb and the statistics for 1996 reveal that only one in seven died.[9]
Another notable incident occurred in 1998 when Francys Arsentiev and her husband, Sergei Arsentiev, became separated and then died while looking for each other.[10] Francys' frozen body lay next to the main route to the summit for nine years before climber Ian Woodall led an expedition to push her body over an edge and out of view.[10][11]
In the consecutive 2014 and 2015 seasons, tragedies that each killed more than a dozen people caused no one to ascend the mountain in those years. On April 18, 2014, 16 Sherpas were killed in an avalanche that struck Base Camp.[12][13][14] Just over a year later, on April 25, 2015, 19 people were killed in an avalanche at Base Camp following a powerful 7.8 earthquake, which killed at least 9,000 people and injured at least 23,000.[where?][15][16][17] This is the worst single-day death toll ever in the history of Mount Everest, in modern incidents with accurate counts.[clarification needed]
Due to the difficulties and dangers in bringing bodies down, most of those who die on the mountain remain where they fall, although some are moved by winds and ice. Two Nepalese climbers died on October 24, 1984, while trying to recover the body of Hannelore Schmatz.[18] While searching for George Mallory's body in a "catchment basin" near the peak in 1999, searchers came across multiple bodies in the snow, including Mallory's.[19][20]
Fatalities
№ | Name | Date | Age | Expedition | Nationality | Cause of death | Location | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Dorje | June 7, 1922 | 1922 British Mount Everest Expedition | Nepal | Avalanche | Below North Col | [6] | |
2 | Lhakpa | June 7, 1922 | Nepal | Avalanche | Below North Col | [6] | ||
3 | Norbu | June 7, 1922 | Nepal | Avalanche | Below North Col | [6] | ||
4 | Pasang | June 7, 1922 | Nepal | Avalanche | Below North Col | [6] | ||
5 | Pema | June 7, 1922 | Nepal | Avalanche | Below North Col | [6] | ||
6 | Sange | June 7, 1922 | Nepal | Avalanche | Below North Col | [6] | ||
7 | Temba | June 7, 1922 | Nepal | Avalanche | Below North Col | [6] | ||
8 | Man Bahadur | May 13, 1924 | 1924 British Mount Everest Expedition | Nepal | Pneumonia | Above Rongbuk B.C. | [6][21] | |
9 | Lance-Naik Shamsherpun | May 17, 1924 | Nepal | Brain hemorrhage | Above Rongbuk B.C. | [6][21] | ||
10 | Andrew Irvine | June 9, 1924 | 22 | United Kingdom | Disappeared; body never found; cause of death unknown | N.E. Ridge | [6] | |
11 | George Mallory | June 9, 1924 | 37 | United Kingdom | Disappeared; body found in 1999; evidence suggests Mallory died from being accidentally struck by his ice axe following a fall. | N.E. Ridge | [6] | |
12 | Maurice Wilson | May 31, 1934 [A 1] | 36 | Solo Expedition | United Kingdom | Body found 1935; cause of death possibly exhaustion, exposure or starvation. | East Rongbuk glacier | [22] |
13 | Dorje Mingma | October 31, 1952 | Swiss Expedition | Nepal | Falling ice | Lhotse Face | [23] | |
14 | Wang Ji | April 11, 1960 | Chinese Expedition Northern Slope | China | Mountain sickness | [24][25] | ||
15 | Shao Shi-Ching [A 2] | April 29, 1960 | Chinese Expedition Northern Slope | China | N.E. Ridge | [24][25] | ||
16 | Nawang Tshering | April 28, 1962 | Chinese Expedition Northern Slope | Nepal | Lhotse face | [26] | ||
17 | Jake Breitenbach | March 23, 1963 | 27 | Norman Dyhrenfurth's American Mount Everest Expedition | United States | Crushed under serac | Icefall | [27][28][29] |
18 | Ma Gao-shu | May 1, 1966 | Chinese Everest Expedition | China | Fall | Icefall | [25][30] | |
19 | Phu Dorje | October 18, 1969 | Japanese Everest Expedition | Nepal | Fall into a crevice | Icefall | [31] | |
20 | Nima Dorje | April 5, 1970 | Japanese Skiing Expedition | Nepal | Avalanche | Icefall | [32] | |
21 | Kunga Norbu | April 5, 1970 | Japanese Skiing Expedition | Nepal | Avalanche | [32] | ||
22 | Mima Norbu | April 5, 1970 | Japanese Skiing Expedition | Nepal | Avalanche | Icefall | [32] | |
23 | Pasang | April 5, 1970 | Japanese Skiing Expedition | Nepal | Avalanche | Icefall | [32] | |
24 | Kami Tshering | April 5, 1970 | Japanese Skiing Expedition | Nepal | Avalanche | Icefall | [32] | |
25 | Kyak Tshering | April 9, 1970 | 36 | Japanese Skiing Expedition | Nepal | "by fall of seracs" | 5525 m | [33] |
26 | Kiyoshi Narita | April 21, 1970 | Japanese Skiing Expedition | Japan | Heart attack | 6150m | [34] | |
27 | Harsh Vardhan | April 18, 1971 | International Expedition of 1971 | India | Succumbed after falling and being suspended above a crevice during a blizzard | 6900m | [30] | |
28 | Tony Tighe | November 16, 1972 | Mt. Qomolangma expedition | Australia | Crushed under serac | Icefall | [35][36] | |
29 | Jangbu | October 12, 1973 | Nepal | Avalanche | S.W. Face | [37] | ||
30 | Gérard Devouassoux | September 9, 1974 | French West Ridge Direct expedition | France | Avalanche | 6400m | [38] | |
31 | Pemba Dorje | September 9, 1974 | French West Ridge Direct expedition | Nepal | Avalanche | 6400m | [38] | |
32 | Lhakpa | September 9, 1974 | French West Ridge Direct expedition | Nepal | Avalanche | 6400m | [38] | |
33 | Nawang Lutuk | September 9, 1974 | French West Ridge Direct expedition | Nepal | Avalanche | 6400m | [38] | |
34 | Nima Wangchu | September 9, 1974 | French West Ridge Direct expedition | Nepal | Avalanche | 6400m | [38] | |
35 | Sanu Wongal | September 9, 1974 | French West Ridge Direct expedition | Nepal | Avalanche | 6400m | [38] | |
36 | Wu Zhuong Yue [A 3] | May 4, 1975 | China | Exhaustion, fall | 8500m | [39] | ||
37 | Mick Burke | September 26, 1975 | 34 | Bonington's 1975 Everest expedition | United Kingdom | Disappearance (likely accidental death during climb) | Near Summit | [40][41] |
38 | Terry Thompson | April 10, 1976 | British-Nepal Army Everest Expedition | United Kingdom | Fall into a crevasse | Camp II | [30] | |
39 | Dawa Nuru | April 18, 1978 | Nepal | Fall into a crevasse | Icefall | [30] | ||
40 | Shi Ming-ji | April 18, 1978 | Chinese Iranian Expedition | China | Fall into a crevasse | Icefall | [30] | |
41 | Ang Phu | May 16, 1979 | Yugoslavian Expedition | Nepal | Fall | Icefall | [30] | |
42 | Ray Genet | October 2, 1979 | 48 | Gerhard Schmatz German Expedition | United States | Exposure, exhaustion | 8400m S.E. Ridge | [42] |
43 | Hannelore Schmatz | October 2, 1979 | 39 | Gerhard Schmatz German Expedition | Germany | Exposure, exhaustion | 8400m S.E. Ridge | [42] |
44 | Wang Hong-bao | October 12, 1979 | Japanese Alpine Club reconnaissance expedition | China | Avalanche | Below North Col | [43] | |
45 | Lou Lan [A 4] | October 12, 1979 | Japanese Alpine Club reconnaissance expedition | China | Avalanche | Below North Col | [43] | |
46 | Nima Thaxi [A 5] | October 12, 1979 | Japanese Alpine Club reconnaissance expedition | China | Avalanche | Below North Col | [43] | |
47 | Akira Ube | May 2, 1980 | 31 | Japanese Alpine Society Expedition | Japan | Avalanche | 7900m North Face (Hornbein Couloir) | [44] |
48 | Nawang Kersang | September 6, 1980 | Italian Expedition | Nepal | Fall | Icefall | [45] | |
49 | Mario Piana | September 22, 1980 | Italian Expedition | Italy | Crushed under serac | Lhotse Face | [46] | |
50 | Noboru Takenaka | January 12, 1981 | 28 | Japanese Winter Expedition | Japan | Fall | 6900m W. Cwm | [47] |
51 | Marty Hoey | May 15, 1982 | 30 | Whittaker American Expedition | United States | Fall | 8000m | [48] |
52 | Peter Boardman | May 17, 1982 | 31 | British Mount Everest Expedition | United Kingdom | Disappearance (likely accidental death during climb) | North-East Ridge (approx. 8200m) | [31][49] |
53 | Joe Tasker | May 17, 1982 | 33 | British Mount Everest Expedition | United Kingdom | Disappearance (likely accidental death during climb) | North-East Ridge (approx. 8200m) | [49][50] |
54 | Ang Chuldim | August 31, 1982 | 20 | Bill March Canadian Expedition | Nepal | Avalanche | Icefall | [51] |
55 | Dawa Dorje | August 31, 1982 | 42 | Bill March Canadian Expedition | Nepal | Avalanche | Icefall | [51] |
56 | Pasang Sona | August 31, 1982 | 38 | Bill March Canadian Expedition | Nepal | Avalanche | Icefall | [51] |
57 | Blair Griffiths | September 2, 1982 | 33 | Bill March Canadian Expedition | Canada | Crushed under serac | Icefall | [52] |
58 | Lhakpa Tshering | September 27, 1982 | Spanish Expedition | Nepal | Internal hemorrhage | 6770m | [39] | |
59 | Nima Dorje | October 14, 1982 | Spanish Expedition | Nepal | Fall | 8300m W ridge | [53] | |
60 | Yasuo Kato | December 28, 1982 | 33 | Japanese Expedition | Japan | Disappearance (likely accidental death during climb) | Near Summit | [31][54] |
61 | Toshiaki Kobayashi | December 28, 1982 | Japanese Expedition | Japan | Near Summit | [50] | ||
62 | Hironobu Kamuro | October 8, 1983 | Japanese Expedition | Japan | Fall | Near Summit | [31] | |
63 | Pasang Temba | October 8, 1983 | Japanese Expedition | Nepal | Fall | 8600m SE Ridge | [31][39] | |
64 | Hiroshi Yoshino | October 9, 1983 | Japanese Expedition | Japan | Fall | Near Summit | [31] | |
65 | Ang Rinji | March 26, 1984 | Indian Expedition | Nepal | Avalanche | Icefall | [39] | |
66 | Tony Swierzy | April 3, 1984 | 27 | Micheal Lane British North Face Expedition | United Kingdom | Avalanche | 6238m | [55] |
67 | Hristo Ivanov Prodanov | April 21, 1984 | 40 | Bulgarian West Face Expedition | Bulgaria | Disappearance (likely accidental death during descent) | 8500m West Ridge | [31] |
68 | Fred From | October 9, 1984 | 28 | Australian-New Zealand Expedition | Australia | Fall | 8000m | [56][57] |
69 | Craig Nottle | October 9, 1984 | 23 | Australian-New Zealand Expedition | Australia | Fall | 8000m | [56][57] |
70 | Jozef Psotka | October 16, 1984 | 50 | Australian-New Zealand Expedition | Czechoslovakia Slovakia | Fall | Near Summit | [31] |
71 | Ang Dorje | October 24, 1984 | 35 | Mission to recover body of Hannelore Schmatz | Nepal | Fall | 8400m S.E. Ridge | [18] |
72 | Yogendra Bahadur Thapa | October 24, 1984 | 36 | Mission to recover body of Hannelore Schmatz | Nepal | Fall | 8400m S.E. Ridge | [18] |
73 | Juanjo Navarro | May 12, 1985 | Basque Expedition | Spain | Fall | 7300m | [58] | |
74 | Shinichi Ishii | September 19, 1985 | Japanese Expedition | Japan | Avalanche | Below North Col | [58] | |
75 | Kiran Inder Kumar | October 7, 1985 | 40 | Indian Expedition | India | Fall | 7986m | [59] |
76 | Jai Bahugana | October 11, 1985 | Indian Expedition | India | Exposure | South Col | [60] | |
77 | Ranjeet Singh Bakshi | October 11, 1985 | Indian Expedition | India | Exposure | South Col | [60] | |
78 | Vijay Pal Singh Negi | October 11, 1985 | 28 | Indian Expedition | India | Exposure | South Col | [59][60] |
79 | M.U. Bhaskar Rao | October 11, 1985 | Indian Expedition | India | Exposure | South Col | [60] | |
80 | Víctor Hugo Trujillo | August 16, 1986 | 22 | Chile | Avalanche | Below North Col | [61] | |
81 | Jonty Davis {{{last}}} | September 28, 1986 | 52 | Eiselin Sports Expedition | Switzerland | Avalanche | 7315m | [62] |
82 | Gyalu | October 4, 1986 | Eiselin Sports Expedition | Nepal | Crushed under serac | Icefall | [62] | |
83 | Dawa Norbu | October 17, 1986 | Eiselin Sports Expedition | Nepal | Avalanche | Below North Col | [31] | |
84 | Tsuttin Dorje | January 30, 1987 | Nepal | Fall | 7700m | [63] | ||
85 | Roger Marshall | May 21, 1987 | 45 | Canada | Disappearance (likely accidental death during descent) | Hornbein Couloir, Near Summit | [64] | |
86 | Masao Yokoyama | September 2, 1987 | 44 | Japanese Expedition | Japan | Drowned | E Rongbuk Glacier | [65][66][67] |
87 | Mangal Singh | October 20, 1987 | British Expedition | Nepal | Avalanche | Base camp | [39] | |
88 | Hidetaka Mizukoshi | April 21, 1988 | 35th Anniversary climb with Chinese, Japanese and Nepalese nationals | Japan | Heart attack (at Base camp) | Base camp | [68] | |
89 | Michel Parmentier | September 20, 1988 | International | France | Exposure | 7700m | [58] | |
90 | Narayan Shrestha | September 21, 1988 | Nepal | Avalanche | 7200m | [69] | ||
91 | Lhakpa Sonam | October 13, 1988 | Nepal | Fall | 8200m | [31] | ||
92 | Pasang Temba | October 13, 1988 | Nepal | Fall | 8200m | [31] | ||
93 | Dušan Becík | October 17, 1988 | 34 | IAMES Bratislava Expedition | Czechoslovakia Slovakia | Disappearance (likely accidental death during climb) | 8000m S.E. Ridge | [70] |
94 | Peter Božík | October 17, 1988 | 34 | IAMES Bratislava Expedition | Czechoslovakia Slovakia | 8000m S.E. Ridge | [70] | |
95 | Jaroslav Jaško | October 17, 1988 | 26 | IAMES Bratislava Expedition | Czechoslovakia Slovakia | 8000m S.E. Ridge | [70] | |
96 | Jozef Just | October 17, 1988 | 33 | IAMES Bratislava Expedition | Czechoslovakia Slovakia | 8000m S.E. Ridge | [31] | |
97 | Ang Lhakpa | December 23, 1988 | Nepal | Cerebral thrombosis | South Col | [31] | ||
98 | Dimitar Ilievski-Murato | May 10, 1989 | 35 | Yugoslavia | Fall | Descending South Col Route | [31] | |
99 | Phu Dorje | May 16, 1989 | Nepal | Fall | Descending South Col Route | [31] | ||
100 | Mirosław Dąsal | May 27, 1989 | 37 | Polish-led expedition that included four U.S. mountaineers | Poland | Avalanche | 7200m W ridge | [71] |
101 | Mirosław Gardzielewski | May 27, 1989 | 35 | Polish-led expedition that included four U.S. mountaineers | Poland | Avalanche | 7200m W ridge | [71] |
102 | Andrzej Heinrich | May 27, 1989 | 51 | Polish-led expedition that included four U.S. mountaineers | Poland | Avalanche | 7200m W ridge | [71] |
103 | Wacław Otręba | May 27, 1989 | 50 | Polish-led expedition that included four U.S. mountaineers | Poland | Avalanche | 7200m W ridge | [71] |
104 | Eugeniusz Chrobak | May 28, 1989 | 30 | Polish-led expedition that included four U.S. mountaineers | Poland | Avalanche injuries | Lhola camp | [31][71] |
105 | Ang Pinjo | December 12, 1989 | South Korean expedition | Nepal | Altitude sickness | [30] | ||
106 | Rafael Gómez-Menor | September 14, 1990 | Spain | Avalanche | [72] | |||
107 | Ang Sona | September 14, 1990 | Nepal | Avalanche | [72] | |||
108 | Badri Nath | September 14, 1990 | Nepal | Avalanche | [72] | |||
109 | Ham Sang-hun | October 7, 1990 | Japanese Korean expedition | South Korea | Disappearance (likely accidental death during climb) | [73] | ||
110 | Rüdiger Lang | May 3, 1991 | Austrian solo expedition | Germany | Exposure | 7850m N.E. Ridge | [39][74] | |
111 | Junichi Futagami | May 27, 1991 | Japanese solo expedition | Japan | Fall | 8700m NE | [30] | |
112 | Deepak Kulkarni | May 2, 1992 | Indian expedition | India | Exposure | [30] | ||
113 | Raymond Jacob | May 2, 1992 | Indian expedition | India | Exposure | [30] | ||
114 | Subba Singh | May 11, 1992 | 43 | Nepal | Heart attack | [75] | ||
115 | Sher Singh | May 23, 1992 | Indian Expedition | India | Fall | Icefall | [30] | |
116 | Manabu Hoshi | May 23, 1992 | Japanese Expedition | Japan | Disappearance (likely accidental death during climb) | 8350m NE | [76] | |
117 | Ang Tshering | January 15, 1993 | Spanish Expedition | Nepal | Fall | [30] | ||
118 | Pasang Lhamu Sherpa | April 23, 1993 | 32 | Nepalese Expedition | Nepal | Disappearance (likely accidental death during climb) | 8750m S.E. Ridge | [77] |
119 | Sonam Tshering | April 23, 1993 | Nepalese Expedition | Nepal | 8750m S.E. Ridge | [77] | ||
120 | Lobsang Tshering Bhutia | May 10, 1993 | 41 | 40th anniversary of Tenzing Norgay's climb | Nepal | Fall | 8750m S.E. Ridge | [78] |
121 | Nam Won-woo | May 16, 1993 | South Korean expedition | South Korea | Fall | 8450m S.E. Ridge | [30][79] | |
122 | A Jin-seob | May 17, 1993 | South Korean expedition | South Korea | Fall | 8450m S.E. Ridge | [30][79] | |
123 | Karl Henize | October 5, 1993 | 66 | American expedition | United States | HAPE | 6400m | [80] |
124 | Antonio Miranda | October 7, 1993 | Spain | Fall | [81] | |||
125 | Prem Thapa | April 6, 1994 | German Expedition | Nepal | Cerebral Oedema | [30] | ||
126 | Shih Fang-Fang 'Norman' | May 9, 1994 | 27 | Taiwanese | Taiwan | Exhaustion and/or exposure | [30] | |
127 | Giuseppe Vigani-Fang | May 18, 1994 | Italian Expedition | Italy | Fall | [30] | ||
128 | Mike Rheinberger | May 27, 1994 | 53 | Australian Expedition | Australia | 150m fall. He showed signs of Exhaustion, Dehydration, Cerebral Oedema, Retinal Hemorrages and possible blood clots in his upper legs. | 8500m NE | [30] |
129 | Mingma Norbu | September 12, 1994 | Norwegian Expedition | Nepal | Avalanche | [30] | ||
130 | Kami Rita | May 6, 1995 | American Expedition | Nepal | Fall | [30] | ||
131 | Lhakpa Nuru | September 10, 1995 | South Korean Expedition | Nepal | 6900m | [30] | ||
132 | Zangbu | October 14, 1995 | South Korean Expedition | Nepal | Fall | Near Summit | [30] | |
133 | Chen Yu-Nan | May 9, 1996 | 36 | "Makalu" Gau Ming-Ho Taiwanese expedition | Taiwan | Injuries from a fall | [82] | |
134 | Reinhard Wlasich | May 1996 | Austria | Suspected HACE (High-altitude Cerebral Edema), coma | 8300m N.E. Ridge Camp 6 | [83]
| ||
135 | Scott Fischer | May 11, 1996 | 40 | Mountain Madness | United States | Suspected HACE (High-altitude Cerebral Edema), exhaustion, frostbite and exposure. | 8300m S.E. Ridge | [58][85] |
136 | Rob Hall | May 11, 1996 | 35 | Adventure Consultants | New Zealand | Exposure | South Summit | [58][85] |
137 | Doug Hansen | May 11, 1996 | 46 | Adventure Consultants | United States | Exposure | South Summit | [58][85] |
138 | Andrew Harris | May 11, 1996 | 31 | Adventure Consultants | New Zealand | Disappearance (likely accidental death during climb) | 8700m S.E. Ridge | [58][85] |
139 | Dorje Morup | May 11, 1996 | 47 | Indo-Tibetan Border Police | India | Exposure | 8600m N.E. Ridge | [58][85] |
140 | Yasuko Namba | May 11, 1996 | 47 | Adventure Consultants | Japan | Exposure | South Col | [58][85] |
141 | Tsewang Paljor | May 11, 1996 | 28 | Indo-Tibetan Border Police | India | Exposure | 8600m N.E. Ridge | [58][85] |
142 | Tsewang Samanla | May 11, 1996 | 38 | Indo-Tibetan Border Police | India | Exposure | 8600m N.E. Ridge | [58][85] |
143 | Reinhard Wlasich | May 19, 1996 | Austrian | Austria | Altitude sickness | 8300m North Face, Great Couloir | [86] | |
144 | Bruce Herrod | May 25, 1996 | 37 | South African/British | United Kingdom | Rope accident | S.E. Ridge, Hillary Step | [87] |
145 | Ngawang Topche | June 6, 1996 | American | Nepal | Lapsed into Coma on 23 Apr 1996; later died in hospital | Camp II | [88] | |
146 | Yves Bouchon | September 25, 1996 | French/Belgian/Swiss | France | Avalanche | 7400m Lhotse Face | [58][89] | |
147 | Lopsang Jangbu | September 25, 1996 | 23–25 | Japanese | Nepal | Avalanche | 7400m Lhotse Face | [58][89] |
148 | Dawa | September 25, 1996 | South Korea | Nepal | Avalanche | 7400m Lhotse Face | [58][89] | |
149 | Malcolm Duff | April 23, 1997 | British | United Kingdom | Heart attack (at Base camp) | Base Camp | [30] | |
150 | Nima Rinzi | May 6, 1997 | Malaysian | United Kingdom | Fall | Lhotse Face | [30] | |
151 | Aleksandr Torochin | May 7, 1997 | Russian | Russia | Fall | 8400m N.E. Ridge | [30][90][91][92][93] | |
152 | Ivan Plotnikov | May 7, 1997 | Russian | Russia | Exhaustion and/or exposure | 8700m N.E. Ridge | [30][90][91][92][93] | |
153 | Nikolai Shevtchenko | May 7, 1997 | Russian | Russia | Exhaustion and/or exposure | 8700m N.E. Ridge | [30][90][91][92][93] | |
154 | Mingma | May 7, 1997 | Russian | Nepal | Fall | N.E. Ridge | [90] | |
155 | Lucas Zimmermann {{{last}}} | May 8, 1997 | Polish | Germany | Disappearance (likely accidental death during climb) | N.E. Ridge | [94] | |
156 | Tenzing Nuru | September 8, 1997 | American | Nepal | Disappearance (likely accidental death during climb) | S.E. Ridge | [95] | |
157 | Choi Byong-soo | September 8, 1997 | South Korean | South Korea | Avalanche | North Col Flank | [30] | |
158 | Sergei Arsentiev | May 24, 1998 | Russian/French | United States | 100m Fall. | N.E. Ridge | [10][91] | |
159 | Francys Arsentiev | May 24, 1998 | 40 | Russian/French | United States | Exposure and/or cerebral oedema | N.E. Ridge | [10][11][91] |
160 | Mark Jennings | May 25, 1998 | British | United Kingdom | Exhaustion | N.E. Ridge | [30] | |
161 | Roger Buick | May 26, 1998 | New Zealand | New Zealand | Exhaustion | N.E. Ridge | [30] | |
162 | Vasyl Kopytko | May 8, 1999 | Ukrainian | Ukraine | Unknown cause | N.E. Ridge | [30][96] | |
163 | Michael Matthews | May 13, 1999 | 23 | International | United Kingdom | S.E. Ridge | [97] | |
164 | Tadeusz Kudelski | May 18, 1999 | 44 | Polish International | Poland | Fall | N.E. Ridge | [98] |
165 | Pascal Debrouwer | May 18, 1999 | 29 | Belgian International | Belgium | Fall | N.E. Ridge | [99][100] |
166 | Jeppe Stoltz | May 20, 2000 | 27 | Denmark | Fall | N.E. Ridge | [30] | |
167 | Yan Gen-hua | May 21, 2000 | Chinese | China | Fall | N.E. Ridge | [30] | |
168 | Babu Chiri Sherpa | April 29, 2001 | 35 | Nepalese | Nepal | Fall | N.E. Ridge | [8] |
169 | Peter Ganner | May 23, 2001 | Austrian | Austria | Fall | 8500m S.E. Ridge | [101] | |
170 | Mark Auricht | May 24, 2001 | Australian | Australia | Cerebral Oedema | N.E. Ridge | [102] | |
171 | Aleksei Nikiforov | May 24, 2001 | Russian | Russia | Pre-existing illness exacerbated by freezing conditions, altitude | 8500m N.E. Ridge | [93][103] | |
172 | Sándor Gárdos | October 17, 2001 | Hungarian | Hungary | Fall | 7800m N.E. Ridge | [102] | |
173 | Peter Legate | April 30, 2002 | 38 | British International | United Kingdom | Fall into a crevasse | Below Camp III | [104] |
174 | Zoran Miletic | May 19, 2002 | Russian International | Yugoslavia | Exact cause and date of death unknown | 7800m N.E. Ridge | [30] | |
175 | Marco Siffredi | September 8, 2002 | 23 | International | France | Snowboarding accident | Hornbein Couloir | [105] |
176 | Bhim Bahadur Gurung | May 27, 2003 | Indo-Nepal | Nepal | Fall into a crevasse | 5900m Icefall | [30] | |
177 | Jan Krzysztof Liszewski | May 25, 2003 | 55 | Independent | Poland | Fall | 7900m N.E. Ridge | [30] |
178 | Arnaud Saulnier | May 8, 2003 | French | France | Sickness in tent | 5500m S.E. Ridge | [30] | |
179 | Karma Gyalzen Sherpa | May 24, 2003 | International | Nepal | Altitude Sickness | 6000m S.E. Ridge | [30] | |
180 | Joon-ho Baek | May 18, 2004 | 38 | South Korean | South Korea | Exposure | 8500m N.E. Ridge | [30][106][107] |
181 | Min Jang | May 18, 2004 | 28 | South Korean | South Korea | Exposure | 8500m N.E. Ridge | [30][106][107] |
182 | Mu-taek Park | May 18, 2004 | 36 | South Korean | South Korea | Exposure | 8500m N.E. Ridge | [30][106][107] |
183 | Nils Antezana | May 18, 2004 | 69 | International | United States | Exposure | 8600m S.E. Ridge | [108] |
184 | Hristo Ganchev Hristov | May 20, 2004 | 27 | Bulgarian | Bulgaria | Exposure | 8600m N.E. Ridge | [30] |
185 | Shoko Ota | May 20, 2004 | 63 | Japanese | Japan | Exposure | 8600m N.E. Ridge | [109] |
186 | Mariana Prodanova Maslarova | May 23, 2004 | 43 | Bulgarian | Bulgaria | Exposure | 8700m N.E. Ridge | [30] |
187 | Sean Egan | April 28, 2005 | 63 | Tim Redpath Expedition | Canada | Heart attack | 4600m S.E. Ridge | [110] |
188 | Michael Corey O'Brien | May 2, 2005 | 39 | Charity run with brother | United States | Fall into a crevasse | 5800m Icefall South | [111] |
189 | Marko Lihteneker | May 21, 2005 | 45 | Slovenia | Oxygen problems | 8600m N.E. Ridge | [30] | |
190 | Sirigereshiva Shankarappa Chaitanya | May 30, 2005 | India | India | Exposure | 8700m N.E. Ridge | [30] | |
191 | Dieter Kramer | June 4, 2005 | German | Germany | Exposure | 8000m N.E. | [30] | |
192 | Robert William Milne | June 5, 2005 | 49 | United Kingdom | Organ failure due to freezing conditions | 8200m S.E. Ridge | [112] | |
193 | Tuk Bahadur Thapa Magar Sherpa | April 7, 2006 | American | Nepal | Altitude | 5500m N.E. Ridge | [30] | |
194 | Ang Phinjo Sherpa | April 21, 2006 | 50 | American | Nepal | Avalanche | 5900m Icefall | [113] |
195 | Lhakpa Tseri | April 21, 2006 | American | Nepal | Avalanche | 5900m Icefall | [113] | |
196 | Dawa Temba | April 21, 2006 | American | Nepal | Avalanche | 5900m Icefall | [113] | |
197 | Jacques-Hugues Letrange | May 6, 2006 | American | France | Exhaustion | N.E. Ridge | [30] | |
198 | Srikrishna | May 14, 2006 | Indian | India | Fall | 8600m N.E. Ridge | [30] | |
199 | David Sharp | May 15, 2006 | 34 | Asian Trekking | United Kingdom | Exposure and/or exhaustion | 8600m N.E. Ridge | [114] |
200 | Tomas Olsson | May 16, 2006 | 30 | International | Sweden | Fall | 8700m Norton Couloir | [30] |
201 | Vitor Negrete | May 19, 2006 | 38 | International | Brazil | Exposure and/or exhaustion | Camp III, 8200m N.E. Ridge | [115] |
202 | Igor Plyushkin | May 22, 2006 | International | Russia | Altitude sickness | 7800m N.E. Ridge | [30] | |
203 | Thomas Weber | May 25, 2006 | International | Germany | Altitude sickness | 8700m N.E. Ridge | [116] | |
204 | Dawa Sherpa | April 26, 2007 | Nepal | 7200m South Col | [117] | |||
205 | Shinichi Ishii | May 17, 2007 | Japan | 8650m | [117] | |||
206 | Libor Kozak | May 17, 2007 | Czech Republic | 8300m | [117] | |||
207 | Yoshitomi Okura | May 16, 2007 | 62 | Japanese | Japan | N.E. Ridge | [30] | |
208 | Maurizio Pierangelo | May 17, 2007 | 46 | Italian | Italy | N.E. Ridge | [30] | |
209 | Oh Hee-joon | May 17, 2007 | 37 | South Korean | South Korea | S.W. Face | [118] | |
210 | Lee Hyun-jo | May 17, 2007 | 34 | South Korean | South Korea | S.W. Face | [118] | |
211 | Uwe Gianni Goltz | May 21, 2008 | 44 | Sherpas documentary team | Switzerland | Exhaustion | 8000m South Col | [119] |
212 | Lhakpa Nuru | May 7, 2009 | Eco Everest Expedition | Nepal | Avalanche | Icefall | [120] | |
213 | Veslav Chrzaszcz | May 18, 2009 | 47 | Eco Everest Expedition | Czech Republic | Heart attack | [30] | |
214 | Wenhong Wu | May 19, 2009 | 41 | China | Altitude sickness | 8750m | [30] | |
215 | Frank Ziebarth | May 21, 2009 | 29 | Canada | 8700m North Summit | [30] | ||
216 | László Várkonyi | April 26, 2010 | 54 | Hungary | Avalanche crevasse fall | North Col | [121] | |
217 | Tom Jørgensen | May 19, 2010 | 56 | Denmark | HACE | [30] | ||
218 | Peter Kinloch | May 26, 2010 | 28 | International | United Kingdom | Exhaustion | 8600m | [122] |
219 | Rick Hitch | May 1, 2011 | 55 | International | United States | Heart attack | 7010m | [123] |
220 | Shailendra Kumar Upadhyaya | May 9, 2011 | 82 | Nepal | Nepal | Altitude sickness | Base Camp | [124] |
221 | Takashi Ozaki | May 12, 2011 | 58 | International | Japan | Altitude sickness | 8400m The Balcony | [125] |
222 | John Delaney | May 21, 2011 | 42 | International | Ireland | Altitude sickness | 8400m The Balcony | [126] |
223 | Hiroaki Kino | September 15, 2011 | 48 | Japan | Cerebral apoplexy | Lower Icefall | [127][128] | |
224 | Dawa Tenzing | April 5, 2012 | Himex | Nepal | Stroke (CVA) | Icefall | [129][130] | |
225 | Karsang Namgyal Sherpa | April 19, 2012 | Prestige Adventures | Nepal | Altitude sickness | Base Camp | [130][131] | |
226 | Ramesh Gulve | April 20, 2012 | 33 | Pune team | India | Stroke | Base Camp | [130][132] |
227 | Namgyal Tshering Sherpa | April 21, 2012 | 28 | Nepal | Fall into a crevasse | Camp 1 | [130][133] | |
228 | Shriya Shah-Klorfine | May 19, 2012 | 33 | Utmost Adventures | Canada | Exhaustion | Below Balcony 8300m | [130][134] |
229 | Eberhard Schaaf | May 19, 2012 | 61 | Asian Trekking | Germany | Cerebral Oedema | Hillary Step | [130][134] |
230 | Song Won-bin | May 19, 2012 | 44 | Korean Everest & Lhotse Expedition | South Korea | Fall | Balcony | [130][134] |
231 | Ha Wenyi | May 20, 2012 | 55 | Mountain Experience | China | Suspected altitude sickness | Balcony | [130][135] |
232 | Juan José Polo Carbayo | May 20, 2012 | 43 | Himalayan Guides | Spain | Exhaustion | 8300m N.E. Ridge | [130][136] |
233 | Ralf D. Arnold | May 20, 2012 | 43 | Monterosa | Germany | Exhaustion and related complications after breaking leg at Second Step | 8300m N.E. Ridge | [130][136] |
234 | Piseth Lim | October 19, 2012 | 27 | International | Cambodia | Encountered inclement weather | Around 4,000 meter high point | [137] |
235 | Mingma Sherpa | April 7, 2013 | 45 | Destination Himalaya | Nepal | Falling into a crevasse | Between Camps 1 and 2 in the Western Cwm | [138] |
236 | DaRita Sherpa | May 5, 2013 | 37 | International Mountain Guides | Nepal | Suspected cardiac arrest | Camp 3 on south side | [139] |
237 | Sergey Ponomarev | May 5, 2013 | 7 Summits Club Everest expedition | Russia | Suspected cardiac arrest | At 100m above ABC on north side (at about 6500m) | [140] | |
238 | Lobsang Sherpa | May 7, 2013 | 22 | Chinese expedition team | Nepal | Fall | Between Camp 2 and Camp 3 on descent from Camp 4 (on south side) | [141] |
239 | Alexey Bolotov | May 15, 2013 | 50 | Russian South-West Face expedition | Russia | Fall | 5600m Icefall | [142][143] |
240 | Namgyal Sherpa | May 17, 2013 | 35 | Nepal | 8300m N.E. Ridge | [144] | ||
241 | Seo Sung-ho | May 21, 2013 | 33 | Zero to 8848 expedition | South Korea | Suspected Altitude Sickness | On descent (south side) | [145] |
242 | Sajal Khaled (Mohammed Khaled Hossain) | May 21, 2013 | 35 | Bangladesh | Suspected Altitude Sickness | South Col Camp | [145] | |
243 | Unknown climber | May 22, 2013 | Nepal | Suspected Altitude Sickness | Camp 4 (south side) in tent | [146] | ||
244 | Mingma Tenzing Sherpa | April 2, 2014 | Peak Freaks Expedition | Nepal | HAPE | Everest Base Camp | [147] | |
245 | Mingma Nuru Sherpa | April 18, 2014 | 46 | NBC Everest Expedition | Nepal | Avalanche | Icefall | [148][149] |
246 | Dorji Sherpa | April 18, 2014 | NBC Everest Expedition 2014 | Nepal | Avalanche | Icefall | [148][149] | |
247 | Ang Tshiri Sherpa | April 18, 2014 | AAI Everest Expedition 2014 | Nepal | Avalanche | Icefall | [148][149] | |
248 | Nima Sherpa | April 18, 2014 | AAI Everest Expedition 2014 | Nepal | Avalanche | Icefall | [148][149] | |
249 | Phurba Ongyal Sherpa | April 18, 2014 | Adventure Consultants | Nepal | Avalanche | Icefall | [148][149] | |
250 | Lapka Tenjing Sherpa | April 18, 2014 | Adventure Consultants | Nepal | Avalanche | Icefall | [148][149] | |
251 | Chhiring Ongchu Sherpa | April 18, 2014 | Adventure Consultants | Nepal | Avalanche | Icefall | [148][149] | |
252 | Dorjee Khatri | April 18, 2014 | Adventurist Everest Expedition 2014 | Nepal | Avalanche | Icefall | [148][149] | |
253 | Then Dorjee Sherpa | April 18, 2014 | Adventurist Everest Expedition 2014 | Nepal | Avalanche | Icefall | [148][149] | |
254 | Phur Temba Sherpa | April 18, 2014 | Adventurist Everest Expedition 2014 | Nepal | Avalanche | Icefall | [148][149] | |
255 | Pasang Karma Sherpa | April 18, 2014 | Jagged Globe Everest Expedition 2014 | Nepal | Avalanche | Icefall | [148][149] | |
256 | Asman Tamang | April 18, 2014 | Himalayan Ecstasy Khotse Expedition 2014 | Nepal | Avalanche | Icefall | [148][149] | |
257 | Tenzing Chottar Sherpa | April 18, 2014 | AAI Everest Expedition 2014 | Nepal | Avalanche (missing) | Icefall | [148][149] | |
258 | Ankaji Sherpa | April 18, 2014 | Everest Chinese Dream Expedition 2014 | Nepal | Avalanche | Icefall | [148][149] | |
259 | PemTenji Sherpa | April 18, 2014 | Everest Chinese Dream Expedition 2014 | Nepal | Avalanche (missing) | Icefall | [148][149] | |
260 | Aash Bahadur Gurung | April 18, 2014 | Everest Chinese Dream Expedition 2014 | Nepal | Avalanche (missing) | Icefall | [148][149] | |
261 | Daniel Paul Fredinburg | April 25, 2015 | 33 | 2015 Jagged Globe Everest Expedition | United States | Base Camp avalanche following the April 2015 Nepal earthquake | Base Camp | [15][16][17][150][151][152][153][154] |
262 | Marisa Eve Girawong | April 25, 2015 | 28 | H.G. Nuptse Expedition 2015 | United States | Base Camp | [151][152][153][154] | |
263 | Thomas Ely Taplin | April 25, 2015 | 61 | TET Films & Photography | United States | Base Camp | [152][155] | |
264 | Pemba Sherpa | April 25, 2015 | 19 | Adventure Consultants | Nepal | Base Camp | [153][156][157] | |
265 | Dawa Tsering Sherpa | April 25, 2015 | 33 | Adventure Consultants | Nepal | Base Camp | [153][157] | |
266 | Maila (Milan) Rai | April 25, 2015 | 41 | Adventure Consultants | Nepal | Base Camp | [153][154][156] | |
267 | Chhimi Dawa Sherpa | April 25, 2015 | 27 | Adventure Consultants | Nepal | Base Camp | [153][154][157] | |
268 | Pema Yishi (Hissi) Sherpa | April 25, 2015 | Adventure Consultants | Nepal | Base Camp | [153][154][156][157] | ||
269 | Pasang Temba Sherpa | April 25, 2015 | Tim Mosedale Everest Expedition (or H.G. Everest Expedition 2015) | Nepal | Base Camp | [153][154][158] | ||
270 | Krishna Kumar Rai | April 25, 2015 | Tim Mosedale Everest Expedition (or H.G. Everest Expedition 2015) | Nepal | Base Camp | [153][154][158] | ||
271 | Zhenfang Ge | April 25, 2015 | 43 | Dreamers Destination Track Lhotse Expedition 2015 | China | Base Camp | [153][154][158] | |
272 | Renu Fotedar | April 25, 2015 | 49 | First Chinese Women Everest Expedition | Australia India |
Base Camp | [153][154][158] | |
273 | Tenzing (Tengien) Bhote | April 25, 2015 | Tim Mosedale Everest Expedition (or H.G. Everest Expedition 2015) | Nepal | Base Camp | [153][154][159] | ||
274 | Vinh B Truong | April 25, 2015 | 48 | Trekker | United States Vietnam |
Base Camp | [152][153] | |
275 | Lhakpa Chhiring Sherpa | April 25, 2015 | 33 | First Chinese Women Everest Expedition | Nepal | Base Camp | [153][154] | |
276 | Shiva Kumar Shrestha | April 25, 2015 | 25 | Step Up Campaign Everest | Nepal | Base Camp | [153][154] | |
277 | Unknown climber | April 25, 2015 | ? | ? | ? | Base Camp | [159][153] | |
278 | Yomagato Horoshi | April 27, 2015 | 56 | Dreamers Destination Lhotse Expedition | Japan | Died in Kathmandu due to injuries sustained in the Base Camp avalanche following the April 2015 Nepal earthquake | Base Camp | [153][154] |
279 | Jangbu Sherpa | May 1, 2015 | Adventure Consultants | Nepal | Base Camp | [153][156][157] | ||
280 | Charles MacAdams | May 11, 2016 | 62 | Canada | Cardiac event | Base Camp North Side | [160][161][162] | |
281 | Phurba Sherpa | May 19, 2016 | 25 | Nepal | Fall | Near Lhotse summit | [163] | |
282 | Eric Arnold | May 21, 2016 | 35 | Arnold Coster Expeditions | Netherlands | Altitude sickness | South Col / Camp 4 | [163][164][165][166] |
283 | Maria Elizabeth Strydom | May 22, 2016 | 34 | Arnold Coster Expeditions | Australia | Snow blindness, stroke | Near Camp IV | [163][166][167] |
284 | Subhash Pal | May 22, 2016 | 44 | Trekking Camp Nepal | India | Altitude sickness | Around Camp 3 | [168][169] |
285 | Paresh Chandra Nath | May 22, 2016 | 58 | Trekking Camp Nepal | India | Exposure | The Balcony | [170] |
286 | Goutam Ghosh | May 22, 2016 | 50 | Trekking Camp Nepal | India | Exposure | The Balcony | [170] |
287 | Ueli Steck | April 30, 2017 | 40 | Seven Summit Treks | Switzerland | Fall | Base of West Nuptse (near Camp 2 trying to cover a new path to Everest Run)[171] | [172] |
288 | Min Bahadur Sherchan | May 5, 2017 | 85 | ? | Nepal | Heart Attack | Base Camp | [173] |
289 | Roland Yearwood | May 21, 2017 | 51 | Everest Parivar Treks | United States | Altitude sickness | Balcony | [174] [175] |
290 | Vladimír Štrba | May 21, 2017 | 48 | Everest Hardway 2017 | Slovakia | Altitude sickness | Camp 4 | [176] [177] |
291 | Francesco Enrico Marchetti | May 21, 2017 | 54 | Expedition Himalaya | Australia | Altitude sickness | Camp 4 | [178] [179] |
292 | Ravi Kumar | May 21, 2017 | 27 | Arun Treks and Expedition | India | Fall | Balcony | [180] [181] |
See also
- Khumbu Icefall
- List of deaths on eight-thousanders
- North Col
- Rongbuk Glacier
- Serac
- Timeline of climbing Mount Everest
- Western Cwm
- List of Mount Everest records
- List of Mount Everest death statistics
Annotations
Notes and references
Notes
- ^ "Summits by Year". everesthistory.com. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
- ^ PBS 1998
- ^ Darack 2002, p. 153
- ^ Huey 2001, pp. 3115–9
- ^ Grocott 2009, pp. 140–9
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Ortner 2001, p. 49
- ^ Ortner 2001, p. 31
- ^ a b c Handwerk 2002
- ^ Krakauer 1997, p. 274
- ^ a b c d Tweedie 2007
- ^ a b Wostear 2007
- ^ "Everest avalanche kills at least 12 Sherpa guides". BBC News. April 18, 2014. Retrieved April 18, 2014.
- ^ Ellen Barry; Graham Bowlet (April 18, 2014). "Deadliest Day: Sherpas Bear Everest's Risks". The New York Times. Retrieved April 18, 2014.
- ^ "Everest avalanche: Search mission called off citing 'too much risk'". Kantipur Publications. April 20, 2014. Retrieved April 20, 2014.
- ^ a b "Quake triggers Everest avalanche, reports say 18 killed". Reuters. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
- ^ a b "Mount Everest casualties reach 17 with unknown number still missing after devastating Nepal earthquake". The Independent. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
- ^ a b Binaj Gurubacharya (April 26, 2015). "Avalanche Survivors Recount Terror On Mount Everest After Earthquake Struck". Retrieved April 26, 2015.
- ^ a b c Associated Press 1984 harvnb error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFAssociated_Press1984 (help)
- ^ Anker & Roberts 2000, pp. 32–38
- ^ Unconfirmed Russian deaths on the north side of Everest resulted from an alleged 1952 expedition. The Chinese, upon taking control of the region, enacted strict travel restrictions. Supposedly, the Chinese government did allow some Soviet climbers near the mountain, and reports leaked out of a Soviet expedition in 1952. The expedition, apparently led by Pavel Datschnolian, was said to have been a disaster, resulting in the deaths of Datschnolian and five other men. However, Russian and Chinese authorities have consistently denied that such an attempt took place, no physical evidence has ever been found to confirm its existence, nor is there any record of a person named Pavel Datschnolian. See Unsworth pp. 345–347
- ^ a b Unsworth 2000, p. 586
- ^ Unsworth 2000, p. 244
- ^ Unsworth 2000, p. 293
- ^ a b Clyde 2008
- ^ a b c everestnews2004 2004
- ^ Kohli 2000, p. xvi
- ^ Hornbein 1998, p. 12
- ^ Fisher 1990, p. 26
- ^ Potterfield & Hornbein 2003, p. 149
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be adventurestats.com 2011
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Unsworth 2000, p. 701
- ^ a b c d e Unsworth 2000, p. 398
- ^ Himalayan Club 1970, p. 104
- ^ Chopra 1988, p. 124
- ^ Yang 2009
- ^ McDonald 2005, p. 118
- ^ Summit 1973
- ^ a b c d e f everesthistory.com 2011
- ^ a b c d e f Unsworth 1989, pp. 614–615
- ^ New York Times 1975, p. 26
- ^ "Mountain Heritage Trust". Retrieved May 6, 2015.
- ^ a b Wilson 1979, p. 1
- ^ a b c Unsworth 1991, p. Snippet
- ^ Associated Press 1980, p. 21
- ^ Unsworth 2000, p. 607
- ^ Reuter 1980, p. 3
- ^ Wire Service Reports 1981, p. 2
- ^ TIME 1982
- ^ a b Associated Press & 1982 June, p. 2
- ^ a b Associated Press 1982, p. 5 harvnb error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFAssociated_Press1982 (help)
- ^ a b c Reuter 1982, p. 3
- ^ Patterson 2006, p. 94
- ^ Youth Hostels Association 1983, p. ii
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Associated_Press 1982 p. 5
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Associated Press 1984, p. 42 harvnb error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFAssociated_Press1984 (help)
- ^ a b Sydney Morning Herald 1984, p. 1
- ^ a b Hillary, Peter; Elder, John (2003). In the Ghost Country: A Lifetime Spent on the Edge. Simon and Schuster. pp. 37–39. ISBN 9780743243698. Retrieved May 1, 2015 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Unsworth 2000, p. 699
- ^ a b Thomson Living Media 1985, p. 74
- ^ a b c d Unsworth 2000, p. 622
- ^ Bell 1986
- ^ a b The Spokesman-Review 1986, p. 37
- ^ Unsworth 2000, p. 627
- ^ Davies 1996, p. 264
- ^ Gillman 2000, p. 232
- ^ Unsworth 2000, p. 596
- ^ Evening Times 1987, p. 13
- ^ Associated Press 1988, p. 3
- ^ Reuters 1988
- ^ a b c Child 2000, p. 176
- ^ a b c d e Times Wire Services 1989
- ^ a b c American Alpine Club 1991, p. 287
- ^ American Alpine Club 1991, p. 228
- ^ American Alpine Club 1991, p. 263
- ^ American Alpine Club 1997, p. 215
- ^ American Alpine Club 1997, pp. 17–18
- ^ a b Adams 1996, pp. 3–4
- ^ Higbee 1993
- ^ a b American Alpine Club 1994, p. 208
- ^ NASA 2007
- ^ Unsworth 2000, p. 652
- ^ Bromet 2011
- ^ "The Dark Side of Everest - Full Documentary". YouTube. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
- ^ "A halottakat a hóba temetik". Heti Válasz. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h PBS 2012
- ^ Krakauer 1997, p. 276
- ^ Krakauer 1997, p. 278
- ^ Krakauer 1997, pp. 108–114
- ^ a b c Mountainzone 1996
- ^ a b c d Clark 1997
- ^ a b c d e "Fatalities – Everest". Retrieved March 26, 2013.
- ^ a b c Risk Online: Results of the season 1997. Himalayan expeditions. Plans for 1998 season
- ^ a b c d "Climbers from Russia and SIC did not return from the Hymalayas". Risk online. Retrieved September 27, 2015.
- ^ Unsworth 2000, p. 668
- ^ Unsworth 2000, p. 667
- ^ Unsworth 2000, p. 696
- ^ Douglas 2001
- ^ Associated Press 1999
- ^ Sabbe, Hilde (May 22, 1999). "Everest-beklimmer Pascal Debrouwer stort naar beneden" [Everest climber Pascal Debrouwer plunges down] (in Dutch). De Morgen.
Pascal Debrouwer, een 29-jarige beroepsmilitair uit het Waalse Hognes
- ^ Borloo, Jean-Pierre (July 7, 1999). "Alain Hubert raconte la mort de l'alpiniste Pascal Debrouwer sur les pentes du toit du monde" [Alain Hubert recounts the death of climber Pascal Debrouwer on the slopes of the roof of the world]. Le Soir (in French).
- ^ Alexander 2010, p. 169
- ^ a b Steffen 2010, p. 523
- ^ Warner & Schmincke 2008
- ^ Starmer-Smith & Payne 2002
- ^ Smith 2002
- ^ a b c India Blitz 2005
- ^ a b c "Mountaineers Friendship Lasts Beyond Death : The DONG-A ILBO". donga.com. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
{{cite web}}
: C1 control character in|title=
at position 13 (help) - ^ Leahy 2004
- ^ Associated Press 2004
- ^ CBC News 2005
- ^ Olsen 2005
- ^ Sky News 2005
- ^ a b c Hahn 2006
- ^ Breed, Gurubacharya & Associated Press 2006
- ^ Staeudtner 2010
- ^ Lauer 2008
- ^ a b c "Himalayan Database - Deaths Spring 2007".
- ^ a b Philippine Daily Inquirer 2007, p. 15
- ^ SRG SSR 2010
- ^ Prettyman 2009
- ^ Klein 2010
- ^ Davies 2010
- ^ Associated Press 2011
- ^ Koirala 2011
- ^ Richards 2011
- ^ Creswell 2011
- ^ "登山家・栗城史多氏が活動再開 同行カメラマン死因は「くも膜下出血」". ORICON STYLE. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ^ "カメラマン、エベレストで死亡 登山家・栗城史多さんに同行". MSN産経ニュース. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ^ Bierling 2012
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Arnette 2012
- ^ Schaffer 2012
- ^ Express news service 2012
- ^ Nepal News 2012
- ^ a b c Sky News 2012
- ^ Gurubacharya 2012
- ^ a b EFE 2012
- ^ "Khmer Man Dies Trying to Conquer Mount Everest". Retrieved May 6, 2015.
- ^ THT ONLINE 2013
- ^ Hansman 2013
- ^ "Sergey Ponomarev, member of the expedition of 7 Summits Club, died near the camp ABC". Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ^ Young Sherpa plunges to his death on Everest
- ^ "Russian climber Alex Bolotov dies on Mount Everest". Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ^ "Alexey Bolotov died in Khumbu Icefall". Retrieved May 15, 2013.
- ^ "4th Sherpa Death on Everest in 2013". Retrieved May 17, 2013.
- ^ a b "Situation Critical on Kangchenjunga, Bad News from Everest". Retrieved May 21, 2013.
- ^ "Risiko Mount Everest". ZDF Mediathek. ZDF. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
- ^ "Everest 2014 Coverage Archives -". The Blog on alanarnette.com. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Payne & Shrestha 2014
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Mount Everest avalanche death toll rises in mountain's worst-ever tragedy". Daily Mail. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ^ "JG News :: Everest". Retrieved May 6, 2015.
- ^ a b Greg Botelho, CNN (April 25, 2015). "Mount Everest avalanches threaten hikers - CNN.com". CNN. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
{{cite web}}
:|author=
has generic name (help) - ^ a b c d Peter Holley (April 28, 2015). "Before the Everest avalanche, four Americans were exactly where they wanted to be". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Everest K2 News ExplorersWeb - Everest: List of Avalanche Victims". Retrieved May 6, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Name List of 15 identified dead body among 19 dead body found at Mt. Everest". Nepal Mountaineering Association. April 28, 2015. Retrieved May 3, 2015.
- ^ "Nepal Earthquake: Three Americans Killed on Mount Everest". NBC News. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
- ^ a b c d "Adventure Consultants Everest 2015 Expedition Dispatches". adventureconsultants.com. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
- ^ a b c d e Human Edge Tech, Explorersweb. "Adventure Consultants Everest 2015 - Dispatches - By CONTACT5.0". Retrieved May 6, 2015.
- ^ a b c d "Mount Everest climbers among dead in Nepal earthquake". ESPN.com. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
- ^ a b "EarthquakeNepal-MoHA on". Twitter. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
- ^ "Calgary doctor dies at Everest base camp". Retrieved June 4, 2016.
- ^ "Charles MacADAMS Obituary". Retrieved June 4, 2016.
- ^ "Abenteuer Outdoor - Blog". Retrieved June 4, 2016.
- ^ a b c Phurba Sherpa and Madison Park. "4 climbers die in 4 days on Mount Everest". CNN. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
- ^ "Foreign climber who perished on Mt Everest is Dutch". The Himalayan Times. May 21, 2016. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
- ^ "Dutch, Australian climbers die after reaching Everest summit". The Big Story. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
- ^ a b "Arnold Coster Expeditions". www.arnoldcosterexpeditions.com. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
- ^ "Another death on Mt Everest, Australian lecturer dies near Camp IV - The Himalayan Times". The Himalayan Times. May 21, 2016. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
- ^ "Indian Mountaineer Subhash Pal Dies, 2 Others Missing On Mount Everest". NDTV.com. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
- ^ CNN, Phurba Sherpa and Madison Park. "4 climbers die in 4 days on Mount Everest". CNN. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
{{cite web}}
:|last=
has generic name (help) - ^ a b "Mount Everest climbers: Death toll rises to five". telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
- ^ "Ueli Steck Found Dead on Nuptse". Retrieved May 2, 2017.
- ^ "Swiss climber Ueli Steck dies on Everest". Retrieved April 30, 2017.
- ^ "Octogenarian mountaineer Sherchan dies on Everest". Retrieved May 6, 2017.
- ^ "2015 Nepal quake survivor US medic dies on Everest". Retrieved May 21, 2017.
- ^ "Mt Everest claims 4th victim this year - The Nation". The Nation. Retrieved May 22, 2017.
- ^ "Expedition Facebook post". Retrieved May 21, 2017.
- ^ a.s., Petit Press. "Na Evereste zahynul horolezec Vladimír Štrba". svet.sme.sk (in Slovak). Retrieved May 22, 2017.
- ^ "Australian climber dies descending Mt Everest". Retrieved May 21, 2017.
- ^ "Aussie climber dies on Mt Everest". NewsComAu. Retrieved May 22, 2017.
- ^ "Indian climber goes missing in Everest". http://www.hindustantimes.com/. May 21, 2017. Retrieved May 21, 2017.
{{cite news}}
: External link in
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- ^ "Missing Indian climber Ravi Kumar's body spotted on Mount Everest". http://www.hindustantimes.com/. May 22, 2017. Retrieved May 22, 2017.
{{cite news}}
: External link in
(help)|work=
References
- Adams, Vincanne (1996). Tigers of the snow and other virtual Sherpas: an ethnography of Himalayan encounters (1996 ed.). Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691001111.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - adventurestats.com (2011). "Everest – Fatilities". adventurestats.com. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Alexander, Eric (2010). The Summit (2010 ed.). New Leaf Publishing Group. ISBN 9780892217014.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - American Alpine Club (1991). The American alpine journal, Volume 33 (1991 ed.). The Mountaineers Books. ISBN 9780930410469.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - American Alpine Club (1994). American Alpine Journal, 1994 (1994 ed.). The Mountaineers Books. ISBN 9780930410582.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - American Alpine Club (1997). The American Alpine Journal (1997 ed.). The Mountaineers Books. ISBN 9780930410551.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Anker, Conrad; Roberts, David (2000). The Lost Explorer: Finding Mallory on Mount Everest (2000 ed.). Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780743201926.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Arnette, Alan (2009). "Everest 2009 Recap". alanarnette.com. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Arnette, Alan (May 26, 2010). "The Everest Rescues and another Death (update 3)". alanarnette.com. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Arnette, Alan (May 26, 2012). "Everest 2012 Team Locations". alanarnette.com. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Associated Press (May 22, 1999). "Climber Dies in Fall During Everest Descent". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Associated Press (May 4, 1980). "Japanese climber dies on Everest". The Spokesman-Review. Retrieved August 10, 2011.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Associated Press (June 7, 1982). "Climbers spirit died with Mary". Tri-City Herald.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Associated Press (June 6, 1982). "British Climbers die on Everest". Lawrence Journal-World.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Associated Press (December 29, 1982). "Search for 2 on Everest". The Milwaukee Sentinel.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Associated Press (April 9, 1984). "British Climber dies on Everest". The Montreal Gazette.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Associated Press (October 29, 1984). "2 Nepalese Mountaineers Die Looking for Body on Everest". The New York Times. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Associated Press (May 5, 1988). "Everest climbers scale 2 sides show TV pictures". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Associated Press (May 21, 2004). "Woman dies after ascending Everest". The Topeka Capital-Journal. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Associated Press (May 4, 2011). "Wife: California man dies while scaling Mt Everest". North County Times. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Bell, George (October 12, 1986). "Everest Team Finds Artifacts of '22 Expedition". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Bierling, Billi (2012). "Everest 2012 Newsletter #17". himalayanexperience.com. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Breed, Allen G.; Gurubacharya, Binaj; Associated Press (July 16, 2006). "Everest remains deadly draw for climbers". USA Today. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Bromet, Jane (2011). "The untold story of the 1996 Mt Everest tragedy". mountainzone.com. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - CBC News (April 29, 2005). "Canadian climber dies on Everest". pub. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Child, Greg (2000). Postcards from the Ledge: Collected Mountaineering Writings of Greg Child (2000 ed.). The Mountaineers Books. ISBN 9780898867534.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Chopra, Prabha (1988). Encyclopaedia of India, Volume 1 (1988 ed.). Agam Prakashan.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Clark, Liesl (May 11, 1997). "Five Climbers Presumed Dead on the North Side". Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Clyde (April 9, 2008). "Chinese on Everest – 1960". Retrieved August 8, 2011.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Creswell, Julie (May 26, 2011). "John Delaney, Founder of Intrade, Dies at 42". The New York Times. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Darack, Ed (2002). Wild winds: adventures in the highest Andes (2002 ed.). Ed Darack. ISBN 9781884980817.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Davies, David Twiston (1996). Canada from afar: the Daily telegraph book of Canadian obituaries (1996 ed.). Dundurn Press Ltd. ISBN 9781550022520.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Davies, Caroline (June 1, 2010). "British climber dies after scaling Mount Everest". The Guardian. London. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Douglas, Ed (November 11, 2001). "Death on Everest". The Observer. London. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - EFE (May 23, 2012). "Spanish mountain climber dies after reaching Everest's summit". Fox News Latino. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - everesthistory.com (2011). "EverestHistory.com: The West Ridge Direct". everesthistory.com. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - everestnews2004 (2004). "Mallory and Irvine The Final Chapter: Everest North Slope Fatalities through 1985". everestnews2004.com. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - Express news service (April 29, 2012). "Pune: Everest team member dies of stroke". The Indian Express. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - Fisher, James F. (1990). Sherpas: reflections on change in Himalayan Nepal (1990 ed.). University of California Press. ISBN 9780520069411.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Gillman, Peter (2000). Everest – Eighty Years of Triumph and Tragedy (2000 ed.). The Mountaineers. ISBN 0898867800.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Grocott, Michael P.W.; Daniel S. Martin; Denny Z.H. Levett; Roger McMorrow; Jeremy Windsor; Hugh E. Montgomery (2009). "Arterial Blood Gases and Oxygen Content in Climbers on Mount Everest". N Engl J Med. 360 (2): 140–9. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0801581. PMID 19129527.
{{cite journal}}
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(help) - Gurubacharya, Ninaj (May 22, 2012). "Everest Crowded Again Days After 4 Killed". Time. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Hahn, Dave (April 21, 2006). "Dispatch 20: Dave Hahn on the Tragic Death of Ang Phinjo Sherpa". GreatOutdoors.com. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Handwerk, Brian (May 10, 2002). "The Sherpas of Mount Everest". National Geographic News. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Hansman, Heather (May 6, 2013). "International Mountain Guides DaRita Sherpa Dies on Everest". Mariah Media Network, LLC. Retrieved May 7, 2013.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Higbee, Arthur (May 21, 1993). "ASIAN TOPICS". The New York Times. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Himalayan Club (1970). The Himalayan journal, Volumes 30–31 (1970 ed.). Oxford University Press.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Hornbein, Thomas F. (1998). Everest: the west ridge (1998 ed.). The Mountaineers Books. ISBN 9780898866162.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Huey, Raymond B.; Xavier Eguskitza (July 2, 2001). "Limits to human performance: elevated risks on high mountains". J. Experimental Biology. 204 (18): 3115–9. PMID 11581324.
{{cite journal}}
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(help) - IANS (May 13, 2010). "Everest begins to give up its dead". thaindian.com. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - India Blitz (April 6, 2005). "On Everest trail...in search of corpses". indiablitz.com. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
{{cite web}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Klein, Dávid (April 27, 2010). "Commemoration of Konyi at Szemlőhegy". expeditions.hu. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
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(help) - Kohli, M.S. (2000). Nine Atop Everest: Spectacular Indian Ascent (2000 ed.). Indus Publishing. ISBN 9788173871115.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Koirala, Keshav P. (April 9, 2011). "Ex-minister Upadhyaya dies during Everest expedition". thehimalayantimes.com. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
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(help) - Krakauer, Jon (1997). Into thin air: a personal account of the Mount Everest disaster (1997 ed.). Doubleday. ISBN 9780385492089.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Lauer, Matt (May 27, 2008). "Miracle on Mount Everest". MSNBC. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
{{cite web}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Leahy, Michael (November 28, 2004). "The Dark Side of the Mountain". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - McDonald, Bernadette (2005). I'll call you in Kathmandu: the Elizabeth Hawley story (2005 ed.). The Mountaineers Books. ISBN 9780898868005.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Mountainzone (September 27, 1996). "Lopsang Jangbu Sherpa Killed on Mount Everest". mountainzone.com. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
{{cite web}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - NASA (March 2007). "Biographical Data". NASA. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
{{cite web}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Nepal News (April 22, 2012). "Two Sherpa guides die while climbing Everest in three days". nepalnews.com. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - New York Times (September 30, 1975). "Briton Is Killed on Everest But Teammate Reaches Top". The New York Times. Retrieved August 10, 2011.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Olsen, Erik (May 4, 2005). "American Dies on Everest". AOL Travel. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - Ortner, Sherry B. (2001). Life and Death on Mt. Everest: Sherpas and Himalayan Mountaineering (2001 ed.). Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691074481.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - PBS (2012). "Remembering Those that Died". Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
{{cite web}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - PBS (February 24, 1998). "Everest: The Death Zone". PBS. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - Patterson, Bruce (2006). Canadians on Everest: The Courageous Expedition Of 1982 (2006 ed.). Heritage House Publishing Co. ISBN 9781554392346.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Payne, Ed; Shrestha, Manesh (April 20, 2014). "Avalanche kills 12 in single deadliest accident on Mount Everest". CNN. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Philippine Daily Inquirer (May 19, 2007). "2 South Korean climbers killed on Mt Everest". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Potterfield, Peter; Hornbein, Tom (2003). Everest: Volume 4 of The Mountaineers anthology series (2003 ed.). The Mountaineers Books. ISBN 9780898869033.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Prettyman, Brett (May 8, 2009). "Sherpa swept away in Mount Everest avalanche". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Reuter (September 26, 1980). "Death on Everest". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved August 10, 2011.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Reuter (September 1, 1982). "Three Sherpas Killed". The Calgary Herald.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Reuters (September 23, 1988). "Mt. Everest Avalanche Kills Nepali Climber". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - Richards, Adam (June 1, 2011). "Eastrop man summits Mount Everest". Basingstoke Observer. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - SRG SSR, SRG SSR (May 11, 2010). "Sherpas find body of Swiss killed on Everest". SRG SSR. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
{{cite web}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Schaffer, Grayson (April 19, 2012). "First Death of Everest Climbing Season". Mariah Media Network, LLC. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
{{cite web}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Sky News (June 5, 2005). "Climber Dies Just Short Of Everest Peak". Sky News. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help)[dead link] - Sky News (May 21, 2012). "Three Climbers Die On Mount Everest Descent". Sky News. Archived from the original on May 24, 2012. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
{{cite news}}
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suggested) (help) - Smith, Sarah (September 27, 2002). "Everest Snowboarder Vanishes On Second Try". National Geographic Adventure magazine. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Staeudtner, Juergen (May 10, 2010). "Vitor Negrete *1967 +2006". staeudtner.com. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
{{cite web}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Starmer-Smith, Charles; Payne, Stewart (May 1, 2002). "British climber falls to death in Everest crevasse". Telegraph Media Group. London. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Steffen, Will (2010). Himalayan Dreaming: Australian Mountaineering in the Great Ranges of Asia, 1922–1990 (2010 ed.). ANU E Press. ISBN 9781921666162.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Summit (1973). Summit, Volume 19 (1973 ed.). University of California.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Sydney Morning Herald (October 11, 1984). "How two men died in the jetstream". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
{{cite news}}
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suggested) (help) - THT ONLINE (April 8, 2013). "'Icefall doctor' fatally falls into Mt Everest crevasse". thehimalayantimes.com. Retrieved April 10, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - TIME (June 7, 1982). "Milestones: Jun. 7, 1982". Time. Retrieved August 12, 2011.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - The Canadian Press (May 28, 2009). "Calgary climber dies after peaking Everest". Toronto Star. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - The Spokesman-Review (September 29, 1986). "Climber killed on Everest". The Spokesman-Review.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Thomson Living Media (1985). India today, Volume 10 (1985 ed.). Thomson Living Media India.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Times Wire Services (May 29, 1989). "Avalanche Kills 5 Polish Climbers on Mt. Everest". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Tweedie, Neil (May 6, 2007). "Peace at last for Sleeping Beauty". The Age. Melbourne. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Unsworth, Walt (1989). Everest (1989 ed.). Grafton. ISBN 9780938567189.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Unsworth, Walt (1991). Everest (1991 ed.). Grafton. ISBN 9780586206263.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Unsworth, Walt (2000). Everest: the mountaineering history (2000 ed.). The Mountaineers Books. ISBN 9780898866704.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Warner, Chris; Schmincke, Don (2008). High Altitude Leadership: What the World's Most Forbidding Peaks Teach Us About Success (2008 ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780470345030.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Wilson, Bill (October 8, 1979). "Reportedly Froze to Death descending from Summit". Anchorage Daily News.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Wire Service Reports (January 12, 1981). "Japanese Climber Falls to Death". The Register-Guard.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Wostear, Samantha (September 8, 2007). "I left a woman to die on Everest". The Sun. London. Retrieved May 27, 2012.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Yang, Yang (July 3, 2009). "Nepali on Mission to Clean World's Highest Peak". cri English. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Youth Hostels Association (1983). Mountain, Issues 89–94 (1983 ed.). Youth Hostels Association (England and Wales).
{{cite book}}
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