List of demonyms for US states and territories
Appearance
This is a list of official and notable unofficial terms used to designate the citizens of specific states and territories of the United States.
List
State or District | Official (recommended by U.S. GPO)[1] |
Official, unofficial, or informal alternates | |
---|---|---|---|
Alabama | Alabamian | Alabaman[2][3], Bammer[4] | |
Alaska | Alaskan | Ice Chipper[5] | |
American Samoa† | American Samoan | ||
Arizona | Arizonan | Sand Cutter[6] | |
Arkansas | Arkansan | Arkansawyer,[7] Arkie[8] | |
California | Californian | Californio (archaic) | |
Colorado | Coloradan | Coloradoan (archaic)[9][10] | |
Connecticut | Connecticuter | Connecticotian,[11] Connecticutensian,[11] Nutmeg,[11] Nutmegger[11] | |
Delaware | Delawarean | Blue Hen's Chicken,[12] Muskrat[12][13] | |
District of Columbia† | Washingtonian | ||
Florida | Floridian | Alligator,[14] Cracker,[15] Fly-Up-the-Creek[14] | |
Georgia | Georgian | Goober-grabber[16] | |
Guam† | Guamanian | ||
Hawaii | Hawaiian | Islander,[17] Kama'aina. The Associated Press Stylebook restricts use of "Hawaiian" to people of Native Hawaiian descent.[18] | |
Idaho | Idahoan | Fortune Seekers[19] | |
Illinois | Illinoisan | Illinoisian, Illinoian, Flatlander,[20] Sucker, Sand-hiller, Egyptian[21] | |
Indiana | Hoosier | Indianan (former GPO demonym replaced by Hoosier in 2016)[1] | |
Iowa | Iowan | Hawkeye[22] | |
Kansas | Kansan | Sunflower, Jayhawker, Grasshopper[23] | |
Kentucky | Kentuckian | Corncracker[24] | |
Louisiana | Louisianian | Cajun | |
Maine | Mainer | Down Easter or Downeaster,[25] Mainiac,[26] Pine Tree, Fox[citation needed] | |
Maryland | Marylander | ||
Massachusetts | Massachusettsan | Bay Stater (official term used by state government),[27] Massachusettsian,[28] Massachusite,[29][30] Masshole (derogatory[31] as an exonym; however, it can be affectionate when applied as an endonym[32]) | |
Michigan | Michiganian | Michigander,[33] Wolverine,[34][35] Michiganite, Yooper/Troll (for residents of the Upper Peninsula and Lower Peninsula, respectively),[36] Michigoose (used specifically for female residents, as a play on "Michigander")[36] | |
Minnesota | Minnesotan | Gopher | |
Mississippi | Mississippian | ||
Missouri | Missourian | ||
Montana | Montanan | ||
Nebraska | Nebraskan | Corn Husker[37] | |
Nevada | Nevadan | Nevadian | |
New Hampshire | New Hampshirite | New Hampshireman or New Hampshirewoman[38], Granite Stater[39] | |
New Jersey | New Jerseyan | Jerseyite, New Jerseyite | |
New Mexico | New Mexican | ||
New York | New Yorker | Knickerbocker[40][41], Empire Stater[42] | |
North Carolina | North Carolinian | Tar Heel, Tar Boiler,[43] | |
North Dakota | North Dakotan | NoDak[44] | |
Northern Mariana Islands† | Mariana Islander | ||
Ohio | Ohioan | Buckeye[45] | |
Oklahoma | Oklahoman | Okie,[46] Sooner[47] | |
Oregon | Oregonian | Oregoner[48], Beaver[49] | |
Pennsylvania | Pennsylvanian | Pennamite[50], Keystoner | |
Puerto Rico† | Puerto Rican | Boricua[51] | |
Rhode Island | Rhode Islander | Rhodean, Swamp Yankee[52] | |
South Carolina | South Carolinian | Sandlapper[53] | |
South Dakota | South Dakotan | ||
Tennessee | Tennessean | Volunteer, Big Bender, Butternut[54] | |
Texas | Texan | Texian (Anglo-Texan - historical),[55] Tejano (Hispano-Texan), Texican (archaic) | |
Utah | Utahn | Utahan | |
Vermont | Vermonter | ||
Virginia | Virginian | ||
Virgin Islands† | Virgin Islander | ||
Washington | Washingtonian | Toner[56] | |
West Virginia | West Virginian | Mountaineer[57] | |
Wisconsin | Wisconsinite | Badger,[58] Cheesehead[59][60] | |
Wyoming | Wyomingite | Wyomese [61], Wyomingian[62] |
† - Not officially a U.S. state, rather a U.S. territory or district.
See also
References
- ^ a b U.S. Government Publishing Office Style Manual. 2016. §5.23.
- ^ Safire, William (June 26, 1994). "On Language: Foam Fell on Alabama". The New York Times. Safire reports that after he used the word "Alabaman" in a column, he received a letter from Vic Gold that said in part, "The natives, I have learned to my sorrow, prefer Alabamian."
- ^ "The State of Alabama". Netstate.
- ^ Common state demonyms
- ^ Op cit, #4
- ^ "The State of Arizona - An Introduction to the Grand Canyon State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ Arkansawyer definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta. Archived from the original on 2009-11-01.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Ar•kie". Dictionary.infoplease.com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ Writers Style Guide. Colorado State University. p. 62,. Retrieved January 2, 2009.
The correct name for a person from Colorado is Coloradan (not Coloradoan).
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ Quillen, Ed (March 18, 2007). "Coloradan or Coloradoan?". The Denver Post.
- ^ a b c d "The State of Connecticut - An Introduction to the Constitution State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ a b "The State of Delaware - An Introduction to the First State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ Op cit, #4
- ^ a b "The State of Florida". Netstate.
- ^ "'Cracker' Means Something Entirely Different In Florida: A Source Of 'Pride'". Mediaite. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
- ^ "The Peach State is all about peanuts". American Food Roots. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
- ^ "The State of Hawaii - An Introduction to the Aloha State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ Christian, Darrel; Jacobsen, Sally A.; Minthorn, David, eds. (2013). The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law. New York, NY: Basic Books. p. 112. ISBN 9780465082995.
- ^ "The State of Idaho". Netstate.
- ^ Jim Fitzgerald (1987-10-06). "A Friend Escapes To Illinois . . . And Now Is A Flatlander!". ChicagoTribune.com.
- ^ "The State of Illinois - An Introduction to the Prairie State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ "The State of Iowa". Netstate.com.
- ^ "The State of Kansas - An Introduction to the Sunflower State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ Corncracker - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary
- ^ The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2007. New York: World Almanac Books. 2006. ISBN 978-0-88687-995-2.
- ^ "Mainiac". Time. June 20, 1938. (term used in reference to Maine author Kenneth Roberts)
- ^ "Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 2, Section 35: Designation of citizens of commonwealth". The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved 2008-02-29.: "Bay Staters shall be the official designation of citizens of the commonwealth."
- ^ https://www.nytimes.com/1982/06/06/magazine/on-language.html
- ^ Collections. Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society. 1877. p. 435.
- ^ Jones, Thomas (1879). DeLancey, Edward Floyd (ed.). History of New York During the Revolutionary War. New York: New York Historical Society. p. 465.
- ^ Nagy, Naomi; Irwin, Patricia (July 2010). "Boston (r): Neighbo(r)s nea(r) and fa(r)". Language Variation and Change. 22 (2): 270.
- ^ "'Masshole' among newest words added to Oxford English Dictionary". masslive.com. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
- ^ "The State of Michigan - An Introduction to the Great Lakes State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ Marckwardt, Albert H. (1952). "Wolverine and Michigander". Michigan Alumnus Quarterly Review. LVIII: 203–8.
- ^ Sperber, Hans (February 1954). "Words and Phrases in American Politics: Michigander". American Speech. 29 (1): 21–7. doi:10.2307/453592.
- ^ a b "MDE - Michigan Glossary". Michigan.gov. 2008-01-30. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ Op cit, #4
- ^ "The State of New Hampshire - An Introduction to the Granite State from". Netstate.Com. 2009-04-13. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ Op cit, #4
- ^ Merriam-Webster Dictionary
- ^ New York Knicks, What's a Knickerbocker?
- ^ Op cit, #4
- ^ Powell, William S. (March 1982). "What's in a Name?: Why We're All Called Tar Heels". Tar Heel. Tar Heel Magazine, Inc. OCLC 005457348. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
- ^ Op cit, #4
- ^ "The State of Ohio - An Introduction to the Buckeye State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ Stewart, Roy P. (December 20, 1968). "Postal Card Proves Sooners Were 'Okies' Way Back In 1907". The Daily Oklahoman. p. 9, col. 2.
Now comes Mrs. Agness Hooks of Thomas with a postal card mailed at Newcastle, Ind. in 1907, address to a Miss Agness Kirkbridge, with the salutation: 'Hello Okie — Will see you next Monday night.' Signed: Myrtle M. Pence. Mrs. Hooks says Agness Kirkbridge was an aunt of hers. The Kirkbridge family came to Oklahoma Territory in 1904 and settled south of Custer City.
- ^ "The State of Oklahoma - An Introduction to the Sooner State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ Op cit, #4
- ^ Ibid.
- ^ "History of". Luzerne County. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ "Commonwealth of Puerto Rico". Retrieved 2015-09-02.
- ^ "The Providence Journal | Rhode Island breaking news, sports, politics, business, entertainment, weather and traffic - providencejournal.com - Providence Journal". Projo.com. 2012-07-17. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
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- ^ "The State of Tennessee - An Introduction to the Volunteer State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ de la Teja, Jesus F. (1997). "The Colonization and Independence of Texas: A Tejano Perspective". In Rodriguez O., Jaime E.; Vincent, Kathryn (eds.). Myths, Misdeeds, and Misunderstandings: The Roots of Conflict in U.S.–Mexican Relations. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources Inc. p. 79. ISBN 0-8420-2662-2.
- ^ Op cit, #4
- ^ Op cit, #4
- ^ "Do You Want to Be a Badger?". Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.
- ^ Kapler, Joseph, Jr. (Spring 2002). On Wisconsin Icons: When You Say 'Wisconsin', What Do You Say?. Wisconsin Historical Society. pp. 18–31. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ Foamation: About Us. Foamation. Archived from the original on March 2, 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
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- ^ Op cit, #4
External links