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Council of Scientific and Industrial Research

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Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
File:Council of Scientific and Industrial Research logo.png
Established26 September 1942
ChairPrime Minister of India
Director GeneralGirish Sahni
Location
Anusandhan Bhawan, Rafi Marg
New Delhi-110 001.
Websitewww.csir.res.in

The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (IAST: vagyanik tathā audyogik anusandhāna pariṣada; abbreviated as CSIR) was established by the Government of India in 1942 is an autonomous body that has emerged as the largest research and development organisation in India. It runs thirty-eight laboratories and thirty-nine field stations or extension centres throughout the nation, with a collective staff of over 12,000 scientists and scientific and technical personnel.[1] Although it is mainly funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology, it operates as an autonomous body through the Societies Registration Act, 1860.[2]

The research and development activities of CSIR include aerospace engineering, structural engineering, ocean sciences, life sciences, metallurgy, chemicals, mining, food, petroleum, leather, and environmental science.[2] Dr. Girish Sahni was appointed as director general of CSIR, with effect from the 24th August 2015.[3]

In late 2007, the Minister of Science and Technology, Kapil Sibal admitted, in a Question Hour session of the Parliament, that CSIR has developed 1,376 technologies/knowledgebase during the last decade of the 20th century.[4]

History

In the 1930s, the need for establishing research organisations for the development of natural resources and new industries in India began to emerge. Eminent citizens such as C. V. Raman, Lt. Col. Seymour Sewell and J. C. Ghosh had proposed the creation of an advisory board of scientific research. Sir Richard Gregory, then editor of Nature, was among the first people who officially reported to the British Government. After visiting scientific departments and universities in India in 1933, Gregory submitted to Samuel Hoare, Secretary of State for India, regarding the need of scientific organisation similar to the DSIR in Britain. Indian scientists at Calcutta and Bangalore initiated schemes to launch a National Institute of Sciences and an Indian Academy of Sciences, respectively. At the Fifth Industries Conference in 1933, the Provincial Governments of Bombay, Madras, Bihar and Orissa unanimously reiterated their demand for a co-ordinating forum for industrial research. Hoare advised the Viceroy, Lord Willingdon, to support the demand. However, in May 1934, Willingdon replied Hoare saying, "The creation of a Department of Scientific and Industrial Research in India to promote the application of research to natural resources does not appear to be necessary." The Indian DSIR was rejected, however, the colonial government provided a small concession. It instead offered to create an Industrial Intelligence and Research Bureau, which came into operation in April 1935 under the Indian Stores Department. The Bureau's limited resources (with a budget of INR 1.0 lakh per annum) made it impossible to initiate major research and industrial activities as had hoped for. It was mainly concerned with testing and quality control.[5]

At the onset of World War II in 1939, the bureau was proposed to be abolished. Arguably, Arcot Ramaswamy Mudaliar became the most instrumental in the creation of CSIR in India.[6] As a member of Viceroy’s executive council, and also of Commerce, he recommended that the Bureau should be terminated, not as a measure of economy, but to make room for a Board of Scientific and Industrial Research, which should be endowed with greater resources and wider objectives. It was by this persistence that the Board of Scientific and Industrial Research (BSIR) was created on 1 April 1940 for a period of two years. Mudaliar became the chair of the board. It was at this point that Bhatnagar was appointed to pilot the board, as the Director. The BSIR was allocated an annual budget of INR 500,000 under the Department of Commerce. By the end of 1940, about 80 researchers were engaged, of whom one-quarter was directly employed. Major achievements of BSIR included development of the techniques for the purification of Baluchistan sulphur anti-gas cloth manufacture, vegetable oil blends as fuel and lubricants, plastic packing cases for army boots and ammunition, dyes for uniforms and the preparation of vitamins, and the invention of a pyrethrum emulsifier and cream. In early 1941 Bhatnagar persuaded the government to set up an Industrial Research Utilisation Committee (IRUC) for translating results into application. The government then agreed to make a separate fund out of the royalties received from industry for further investment into industrial research. Mudaliar recommended that an Industrial Research Fund should be constituted, which would have an annual grant of INR 1,000,000 (one million) for a period of five years. This was accepted by the Central Assembly in Delhi at its session on 14 November 1941.

Then the constitution of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) as an autonomous body was prepared under Mudaliar and Bhatnagar. Thus, CSIR came into operation on 26 September 1942. The BSIR and IRUC were incorporated into the advisory bodies to the governing body of the CSIR. In 1943 the governing body of CSIR approved the proposal of Bhatnagar, though the initiative of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, to establish five national laboratories — the National Chemical Laboratory, the National Physical Laboratory, the Fuel Research Station, and the Glass and Ceramics Research Institute. In 1944 in addition to its annual budget of INR 1 million, CSIR received a grant of INR 10 million for the establishment of these laboratories. The Tata Industrial House donated INR 2 million for the chemical, metallurgical and fuel research laboratories.[5] The foundation for the Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute at Kolkata was the first to be laid, in December 1945; and that for the National Chemical Laboratory at Pune was the last, on 6 April 1947, four months before India became independent.[7] All the five establishments were completed by 1950.[6]

CSIR achievements

  • Rejuvenated India's one-hundred-year-old refinery at Digboi using the most modern molecular distillation technology.[15]

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology

Main article: Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology

The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize was established by CSIR in 1958. The prize is named after the Founder Director of the Council of Industrial Research (CSIR), late Dr. (Sir) Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar. To bestow the honor to the outstanding performers in the various research fields of Science & Technology, CSIR has started this award.

The nominees for the award are filtered out from the research categories of - Biological Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Earth Sciences, Atmosphere, Ocean and Planetary, Engineering, Mathematical Sciences, Medical Sciences & Physical Sciences.

The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize comes up with a Citation, a Plaque & a Cash Award of 5 Lakh Rupees with the addition of a stipend of 15,000/- per month (till the age of 65).

Every year, the Award Selection Committee of CSIR presents the award to maximum 2 individuals from each research category. As per the stats, the SSB Prize has been awarded to 525 individuals for their exemplary work in Science & Technology.

To avail such prestigious award, the candidates need to fulfill the following criteria –

  • Indian Nationality
  • Overseas citizen of India (OCI) and Persons of Indian Origin (PIO) working in India
  • The awardee must have made conspicuously important and outstanding contributions to human knowledge and progress – fundamental and applied – in the field of endeavor, which is his/her specialization.
  • Upper Age Limit – 45 Years.


The above criteria help CSIR Committee to select the eligible candidates for the award but the selection will be based on the results of selection procedure which is conducted by the Advisory Committee of CSIR.[22]

Research laboratories under CSIR

  1. AMPRI Advance Material and Process Research Institute, Bhopal
  2. C-MMACS - CSIR Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation, Bangalore
  3. CBRI - CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee
  4. CCMB- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad
  5. CDRI - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow
  6. CECRI- Central Electro Chemical Research Institute, Karaikudi
  7. CEERI - Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani
  8. CFTRI - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore
  9. CGCRI - Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata
  10. CIMAP - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow
  11. CIMFR - Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad
  12. CLRI - Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai
  13. CMERI - Central mechanical engineering research institute, Durgapur
  14. CRRI - Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi
  15. CSIO - Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh
  16. CSMCRI - Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar
  17. IGIB - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi
  18. IHBT - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur
  19. IICB - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata
  20. IICT - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad
  21. IIIM, Jammu - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu
  22. IIP - Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun
  23. IMMT - Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar
  24. IMTECH - Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh
  25. IITR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow (formerly known as Industrial Toxicology Research Centre)
  26. NAL - National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore
  27. NBRI - National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow
  28. NCL - National Chemical Laboratory, Pune
  29. NEERI - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur
  30. NGRI - National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad
  31. NIO - National Institute of Oceanography, Goa
  32. NISCAIR - National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources, New Delhi
  33. NISTADS - National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies, New Delhi
  34. NML - National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur
  35. NPL - National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi
  36. NEIST (RRL), Jorhat - North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat , Jorhat
  37. OSDD - Open Source Drug Discovery
  38. National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology - Thiruvananthapuram
  39. SERC, M - Structural Engineering Research Centre, Chennai
  40. URDIP Unit for Research and Development of Information Products, Pune

Journals

18 journals and 3 popular science magazines (Science Reporter and its Hindi,Urdu editions) are available under open access from NOPR website.[23]

See also

References

  1. ^ "About CSIR | Council of Scientific & Industrial Research | GoI". www.csir.res.in. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  2. ^ a b CSIR Web site
  3. ^ "CSIR NET - Director General"
  4. ^ Minister of S&T claims India made 1,300-odd inventions in a decade
  5. ^ a b Vigyan Prasar Science Portal. "Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar". vigyanprasar.gov.in. Vigyan Prasar. Archived from the original on 18 October 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ a b Sivaram C (2002). "The genesis of CSIR" (PDF). Resonance. 7 (4): 98. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 May 2015. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ Sivaram S (2002). "Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar: A Visionary Extraordinary" (PDF). Resonance. 7 (4): 90–97. doi:10.1007/bf02836142.
  8. ^ "The SAGE Encyclopedia of Pharmacology and Society edited by Sarah E. Boslaugh". Retrieved 23 May 2016.
  9. ^ "An Unfinished Agenda: My Life in the Pharmaceuticals Industry By K Anji Reddy". Retrieved 24 May 2016.
  10. ^ http://www.mahindraswaraj.com/files/profile_history.htm
  11. ^ Angier, Natalie (22 March 1990). "Bamboo Coaxed to Flower in Lab; Global Impact on the Crop Is Seen". New York Times. Retrieved 13 December 2012.
  12. ^ http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v344/n6264/abs/344335a0.html
  13. ^ "Showcasing the CSIR". The Hindu. Thiruvananthapuram, India. 8 May 2003.
  14. ^ National Aeronautics Laboratory, India (2008). "Flosolver Division" (PDF). Brief description of the history of the NAL Flosolver Division and its current work. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ "CSIR-Achievements". CSIR, India. Archived from the original on 9 January 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ "TCS bio-suite unveiled". The Hindu. Hyderabad, India. 15 July 2004.
  17. ^ R. Guruprasad, National Aerospace Laboratory, India (2004). "The Saga of Saras: Part 1" (PDF). [PD IM 0407] History and details of the inception and development of Saras. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ "CSIR chief stress on non-patent literature database". Business Line. 23 September 2000.
  19. ^ "Biopiracy and traditional knowledge". The Hindu. India. 20 May 2001. Archived from the original on 1 April 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ http://abclive.in/abclive_health/csir_human_genome_sequencing.html[dead link]
  21. ^ http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/modi-lauds-csir-scientists-on-its-75th-anniversary/article9149673.ece
  22. ^ CSIR Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Information
  23. ^ "NISCAIR ONLINE PERIODICALS REPOSITORY (NOPR) : Home". nopr.niscair.res.in. 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015. NISCAIR Online Periodicals Repository (NOPR)
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